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• What happens to a Windows Dynamic Drive

  - by GruffTech

  In my windows (Windows 7) I have two primary logical volumns, One is on a SSD harddrive for my operating system and installed software, and my other is a Dynamic volume for my stored media. (I do alot of work with HD footage) I have all my media on the original DV tapes for backup purposes, just having them all available on my harddrive at all times is a major convience for me, well worth the few hundred dollar investment those 2TB drives were. Anyway, Long story short is my windows install has become problematic and I want to reformat windows. Does this, or will this effect my dynamic drive in any way? I've got almost 3 TB of video on there and i really dont want to re-import all my DV tapes.

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• mysql single database relocation

  - by asdmin

  I would like to know if it's possible to operate different databases on different filesystem locations. Background: we are a hosting service, which hosts mysql, web, and smtp to it's customer, but all our services (sql, smtp, http) are located in a different place. We are going to assign a single logical volume to a customer, which will accommodate the customer's mailing, weppages and (hopefully) sql database. Web pages and mailing are already covered, but I am not able to find a configuration setting which would enable me to specify the location of a database (the directory where mysql stores the DB). Let me please highlight, the target here is to relocate different databases to different locations in the filesystem, not moving them from a single place to an another (single) place. Also please do not bother answering with soft and hard symbolic links. ;) Thanks

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• Ubuntu server: lost prompt on monitor

  - by Richard

  Hello All, I am running Ubuntu 9.04 server edition. I have a monitor plugged into the box for occasional admin tasks. I pulled out a USB disk (without unmounting) and the screen is now full with this message: Buffer I/O error on device sdc1, logical block 7778778 I can't seem to clear the screen or get a prompt back. Doesn't appear to be registering keyboard strokes. The box is still running fine (I can ssh in from elsewhere and evrything is running as normal). Any ideas on how to clear screen and get my prompt back?

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• University Assignment: Datacenter/Networking Infrastructure for Hosting Company [closed]

  - by TCB13

  My university assigned me to theorizing a data center for an Web Hosting company. The company should provide the following services: Shared WebHosting; Dedicated Servers; VPS (Virtual Private Server); The bandwith (as resquested) is limited to 10 Gbps. Is there any good book / other info I can read (max 100 pages) about how to design a good data center for hosting, what are the best practices and what should be done from a (logical) network perspective, what security policies should be implemented and how the data center should be built (physically)? Thank you ;)

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• How do you debug why Windows is slow?

  - by aaron

  I've got Vista Biz and when my machine chugs I think it is because of paging, but I never know how to verify this. Procexp doesn't seem to provide useful information because it appears that nothing is going on when the chugs happen. perfmon seems like it has the counters I need, but I'm never sure what counters I should add to cover the information I want. For perfmon, I prefer numbers that are percents, so I can gauge load. Here are the counters I have up, but they don't always seem to correlate to chugs: - % disk time (logical) - page faults/sec (an indicator of lots of paging activity) - processor/%priviliged time

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• How to interpret IOZone results?

  - by homer5439

  Here are the resuts of running IOZone on an ext3 filesystem on an LVM volume residing on a SAN LUN (it was ran with 5 parallel processes). "Throughput report Y-axis is type of test X-axis is number of processes" "Record size = 4 Kbytes " "Output is in Kbytes/sec" " Initial write " 81628.55 " Rewrite " 83354.72 " Read " 115595.02 " Re-read " 119306.09 " Reverse Read " 47684.20 " Stride read " 10011.09 " Random read " 16751.27 " Mixed workload " 5659.77 " Random write " 1661.85 " Pwrite " 36030.83 Now this is all nice and dandy, but my question is: how do I know whether the values are as good as they could be or there is something to tweak (and if so, what?) The actual usage I will have for that Logical Volume is to act as virtual disk for a VM.

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• let mysql use full resources

  - by shekhar

  We have a Windows server 2008 R2. It has 24GB RAM and 2.926 Mhz, 8 Core(s), 8 Logical Process. We have a large MySQL database and it's taking a lot of time to execute some queries. But while running queries, I have observed it's NOT utilizing full resources. I am thinking that if I let MySQL utilize maximum resources on my server, it can reduce execution time. How can I let my MySQL server utilize maximum resources in a healthy way?

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• Various problems with software raid1 array built with Samsung 840 Pro SSDs

  - by Andy B

  I am bringing to ServerFault a problem that is tormenting me for 6+ months. I have a CentOS 6 (64bit) server with an md software raid-1 array with 2 x Samsung 840 Pro SSDs (512GB). Problems: Serious write speed problems: root [~]# time dd if=arch.tar.gz of=test4 bs=2M oflag=sync 146+1 records in 146+1 records out 307191761 bytes (307 MB) copied, 23.6788 s, 13.0 MB/s real 0m23.680s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.932s When doing the above (or any other larger copy) the load spikes to unbelievable values (even over 100) going up from ~ 1. When doing the above I've also noticed very weird iostat results: Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 1589.50 0.00 54.00 0.00 13148.00 243.48 0.60 11.17 0.46 2.50 sdb 0.00 1627.50 0.00 16.50 0.00 9524.00 577.21 144.25 1439.33 60.61 100.00 md1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md2 0.00 0.00 0.00 1602.00 0.00 12816.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 And it keeps it this way until it actually writes the file to the device (out from swap/cache/memory). The problem is that the second SSD in the array has svctm and await roughly 100 times larger than the second. For some reason the wear is different between the 2 members of the array root [~]# smartctl --attributes /dev/sda | grep -i wear 177 Wear_Leveling_Count 0x0013 094% 094 000 Pre-fail Always - 180 root [~]# smartctl --attributes /dev/sdb | grep -i wear 177 Wear_Leveling_Count 0x0013 070% 070 000 Pre-fail Always - 1005 The first SSD has a wear of 6% while the second SSD has a wear of 30%!! It's like the second SSD in the array works at least 5 times as hard as the first one as proven by the first iteration of iostat (the averages since reboot): Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 10.44 51.06 790.39 125.41 8803.98 1633.11 11.40 0.33 0.37 0.06 5.64 sdb 9.53 58.35 322.37 118.11 4835.59 1633.11 14.69 0.33 0.76 0.29 12.97 md1 0.00 0.00 1.88 1.33 15.07 10.68 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md2 0.00 0.00 1109.02 173.12 10881.59 1620.39 9.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.41 0.01 3.10 0.02 7.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 What I've tried: I've updated the firmware to DXM05B0Q (following reports of dramatic improvements for 840Ps after this update). I have looked for "hard resetting link" in dmesg to check for cable/backplane issues but nothing. I have checked the alignment and I believe they are aligned correctly (1MB boundary, listing below) I have checked /proc/mdstat and the array is Optimal (second listing below). root [~]# fdisk -ul /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 512.1 GB, 512110190592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 62260 cylinders, total 1000215216 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00026d59 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 4196351 2097152 fd Linux raid autodetect Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 * 4196352 4605951 204800 fd Linux raid autodetect Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda3 4605952 814106623 404750336 fd Linux raid autodetect root [~]# fdisk -ul /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 512.1 GB, 512110190592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 62260 cylinders, total 1000215216 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0003dede Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 4196351 2097152 fd Linux raid autodetect Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sdb2 * 4196352 4605951 204800 fd Linux raid autodetect Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sdb3 4605952 814106623 404750336 fd Linux raid autodetect /proc/mdstat root # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md0 : active raid1 sdb2[1] sda2[0] 204736 blocks super 1.0 [2/2] [UU] md2 : active raid1 sdb3[1] sda3[0] 404750144 blocks super 1.0 [2/2] [UU] md1 : active raid1 sdb1[1] sda1[0] 2096064 blocks super 1.1 [2/2] [UU] unused devices: Running a read test with hdparm root [~]# hdparm -t /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing buffered disk reads: 664 MB in 3.00 seconds = 221.33 MB/sec root [~]# hdparm -t /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing buffered disk reads: 288 MB in 3.01 seconds = 95.77 MB/sec But look what happens if I add --direct root [~]# hdparm --direct -t /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing O_DIRECT disk reads: 788 MB in 3.01 seconds = 262.08 MB/sec root [~]# hdparm --direct -t /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing O_DIRECT disk reads: 534 MB in 3.02 seconds = 176.90 MB/sec Both tests increase but /dev/sdb doubles while /dev/sda increases maybe 20%. I just don't know what to make of this. As suggested by Mr. Wagner I've done another read test with dd this time and it confirms the hdparm test: root [/home2]# dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/null bs=1G count=10 10+0 records in 10+0 records out 10737418240 bytes (11 GB) copied, 38.0855 s, 282 MB/s root [/home2]# dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/null bs=1G count=10 10+0 records in 10+0 records out 10737418240 bytes (11 GB) copied, 115.24 s, 93.2 MB/s So sda is 3 times faster than sdb. Or maybe sdb is doing also something else besides what sda does. Is there some way to find out if sdb is doing more than what sda does? UPDATE Again, as suggested by Mr. Wagner, I have swapped the 2 SSDs. And as he thought it would happen, the problem moved from sdb to sda. So I guess I'll RMA one of the SSDs. I wonder if the cage might be problematic. What is wrong with this array? Please help!

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• RewriteRule applying pattern even though 1 of the RewriteCond's failed

  - by BHare

  #www. domain . tld RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} (?:.*\.)?([^.]+)\.(?:[^.]+)$ RewriteCond /home/%1/ -d RewriteRule ^(.+) %{HTTP_HOST}$1 RewriteRule (?:.*\.)?([^.]+)\.(?:[^.]+)/media/(.*)$ /home/$1/client/media/$2 [L] RewriteRule (?:.*\.)?([^.]+)\.(?:[^.]+)/(.*)$ /home/$1/www/$2 [L] Here is rewritelog output: #(4) RewriteCond: input='tfnoo.mydomain.org' pattern='(?:.*\.)?([^.]+)\.(?:[^.]+)$' [NC] => matched #(4) RewriteCond: input='/home/mydomain/' pattern='-d' => not-matched #(3) applying pattern '(?:.*\.)?([^.]+)\.(?:[^.]+)/media/(.*)$' to uri 'http://www.mydomain.org/files/images/logo.png' #(3) applying pattern '(?:.*\.)?([^.]+)\.(?:[^.]+)/(.*)$' to uri 'http://www.mydomain.org/files/images/logo.png' #(2) rewrite 'http://www.mydomain.org/files/images/logo.png' -> '/home/mydomain/www/logo.png' If you note on the 2nd 4 it failed the -d (if directory exists) pattern. Which is correct. mydomain does not have a /home/. Therefore it should never rewrite, atleast according to my understanding that all rewriterules are subject to rewriteconds as logical ANDs.

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• does the *physical* order/location of drives in a mdadm-managed RAID-10 array matter?

  - by locuse

  i've setup a 4-drive RAID-10 array using mdadm-managed, software-raid on an x86_64 box. it'd up & running and works as expected, cat /proc/mdstat md127 : active raid10 sdc2[2] sdd2[3] sda2[0] sdb2[1] 1951397888 blocks super 1.2 512K chunks 2 far-copies [4/4] [UUUU] bitmap: 9/466 pages [36KB], 2048KB chunk atm the four SATA drives are physically plugged into the motherboard's 1st four SATA ports. i'd like to gather the necessary/complete info for catastrophic recovery. reading starting here, http://neil.brown.name/blog, and the mailing list, i'm not yet completely confident i have it right. i understand 'drive order matters'. is that logical, &/or physical order that matters? if i unplugged the four drives in this array, and plugged them each back into different ports on the motherboard or a pci card, as long as i've changed nothing in software config, will the array correctly auto-re-assemble?

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• Is email forwarding to the sender's address usually blocked in Mail servers / MTA ?

  - by codecowboy

  I've noticed that email forwarding to an address seems not to work if I send an email from the address to which I am forwarding email. This happens for GMail and Fasthosts mail servers. e.g I send an email to [email protected] from [email protected] , [email protected] is set to forward to [email protected] and the email never arrives. I realise this seems logical but it is a potential cause of confusion when testing email functionality in a web application (for me, anyway ;-). I would just like to know if this is standard for all MTA software so I can avoid confusing myself.

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• NTFS write speed really slow (<15MB/s)

  - by Zulakis

  I got a new Seagate 4TB harddrive formatted with ntfs using parted /dev/sda > mklabel gpt > mkpart pri 1 -1 mkfs.ntfs /dev/sda1 When copying files or testing writespeed with dd, the max writespeed I can get is about 12MB/s. The harddrive should be capable of atleast 100MB/s. top shows high cpu usage for the mount.ntfs process. The system has a AMD dualcore. This is the output of parted /dev/sda unit s print: Model: ATA ST4000DM000-1F21 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 7814037168s Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 2048s 7814035455s 7814033408s pri The used kernel is 3.5.0-23-generic. The ntfs-3g versions I tried are ntfs-3g 2012.1.15AR.1 (ubuntu 12.04 default) and the newest version ntfs-3g 2013.1.13AR.2. When formatted with ext4 I get good write speeds with about 140MB/s. How can I fix the writespeed?

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• LVM, Soft RAID1, and Replication?

  - by mtkoan

  Hi all, I am practicing putting together a HA file server. It is a linux server with 2 1.5TB Hard drives. My plan is to use LVM to manage the physical volumes into logical volumes for /, /home, and /var. Then use md (soft RAID 1) to mirror the image onto the second HDD, THEN use DRDB to mirror the entire setup another server. Is this overkill? Would I just be okay with just md and DRDB? The system will serve user's homedirs (~100) and probably some groupware or other local intranet. On my own machines I've always separated root and /home partitions in case I break something, I can easily reinstall the OS. Should I follow that same theory here? If so I need LVM, because I really can't predict where we'll need more space, /var or /home.

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• How can I combine non-identical disks efficiently?

  - by Odys

  There are some not-identical disk of various capacities that I want to combine (somehow). Since there are no duplicate models, I can't use raid between none of them. Is there a way to use them efficiently while being safe? What I have in mind is a software that will use them as if it were Raid-5 or something. I really don't care about max speed. I want in the end to have as less logical drives as possible. Also, I don't mind spending some money on hardware, if needed.

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• win 2008 core create a partition with an offset to allow other partition expand

  - by Rqomey

  We are running a win 2008 core host in a HyperV role. We have expanded the logical drive on a RAID 1+0 array belonging to the server, as we needed more space. We have two data partitions D: and E: I want to expand them both so they use all space, and are equally sized. There is data on all partitions, although E is not in live use (so files can be moved and copied from it. Current: What I want- temporary Partition (F:) at end of drive: I am going to create a temporary partition F: so I can move the files from E: onto it, then delete E:, expand D: to the desired size, then rename F: to E: To do this I need to create F: from the end of the drive, ie. have unused space between E: and F: tl;dr How do I create a partition with a large offset in Windows server?

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• Using Credentials with network scanners

  - by grossmae

  I'm testing out both Tenable's Nessus scanner as well as eEye's Retina for scanning network devices. I am trying to supply credentials to get deeper, more accurate results, however there seems to be no difference in the results whether I supply the credentials or not. I've read the documentation and it seems like I've tried all the logical settings in the Credential options. I've submit along with usernames and passwords for many different accounts and types of accounts (both SSH Credentials and Web Application Credentials) on the devices as well as their respective domain names (when applicable). Is there possibly a good test for either (or both) scanners to tell where these credentials are being provided (if at all) and if any of them are successfully getting authentication?

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• Macbook superdrive got calibration problems

  - by Fractal

  I have an intel macbook dual 2Ghz, bought about three years ago. I've had some problems with the superdrive and changed it a year and a half ago. the drive is Matshita DVD-R UJ 857 now I'm into burning cd's again and try to burn a DVD with Toast Titanium from an .iso on my hard drive But it won't work. When I launch the burn, the disc suddenly stops turning, and an error log pops: medium error, sense code = 0x73, 0x03 then I try with the built in cd burner of the macbook as soon as I click burn, the cd stops turning in the drive, and error log says peripheral couldn't calibrate power of the laser required for medium so since I'm not that logical of a geek, I try my first idea: let's see with other brands of DVD! the problem is that it works, now. but I'd like for all of my medium to be usable, and I've already seen my ridata DVD being burn, so here's the question. What the hell is happening with my superdrive? :)

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• What SATA drive should I install FreeBSD onto? i.e. ar0 vs da0 vs ad4/5

  - by Matt

  I'm installing FreeBSD 8.0 on a server that has hardware SATA Raid. I'm just wondering. What is the difference between these devices. i.e. ar0, da0, ad4, ad5 I take it that ad4 & 5 are my two disks. Somehow the OS can see them individually even though it's one logical mirrored drive. Should I be installing it onto ar0 or one of the adX disks. What is da0? it's smaller than the others. ar0 is not some kind of software raid device is it? Just want to make sure I don't mess this up right from the get go.

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• Shrinking physical volumes in LVM on a Linux Guest in ESXi 5.0

  - by Stew

  The problem: Linux guest (OpenSuse 12.1), with multiple virtual disks attached. 3 disks are in a logical volume, two of which are exactly 2TB. None of the disks are independent, and due to the backup software we use, cannot be independent. When the two 2TB virtual disks are "dependent", the snapshot fails stating that the file is too large for the datastore. When I put those two disks in independent mode, snapshots work fine (the other disk is 1.8TB). I have therefore concluded that even shrinking the two physical disks by 100GB should solve the problem, however I am having trouble conceptualizing how to go about getting those disks smaller without breaking the LVM entirely. The actual LV has 1.3TB free, so there is plenty of space to shrink with. What I need to accomplish: Deallocate 100GB from the two, 2TB virtual disks within the linux guest. Shrink the two virtual disks by 100GB within vsphere (not as complicated). Are there any vsphere/LVM gurus that can give me a clue?

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• Why does HDTune report better performing drives 2 months after installing them?

  - by Rolnik

  OK, so this is really weird. I ran HDTune on a newly set-up home-built computer and got the following readings from my drives in mid-November. SSD 154 MB/s RAID1 87 RAID0 198 (software installs) RAID0 98 Swap drive Today, in January, I run HDTune (same version) and get these results, in MB/s: SSD 186 RAID1 98 RAID0 241 RAID0 98 (Swap drive) Here are more details that HDTune reports on the SSD drive: HD Tune: OCZ-VERTEX Benchmark Blockquote Transfer Rate Minimum : 135.4 MB/sec Transfer Rate Maximum : 219.4 MB/sec Transfer Rate Average : 185.7 MB/sec Access Time : 0.1 ms Burst Rate : 187.3 MB/sec CPU Usage : -1.0% To get to my question: Why are my hard drives improving in performance? Most of my logical drives are in some form of RAID, except for the SSD. Will this performance ever deteriorate? Note, none of my drives are a hybrid drive that uses some form of SSD to enhance the write/reads on actual platters.

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• Can we do a DNSSEC 101? [closed]

  - by PAStheLoD

  Please share your opinions, FAQs, HOWTOs, best practices (or links to the one you think is the best) and your fears and thoughts about the whole migration (or should I just call it a new piece of tech?). Is DNSSEC just for DNS providers (name server operators)? What ought John Doe to do, who hosts johndoe.com at some random provider (GoDaddy, DreamHost and such)? Also, what if the provider's name server doesn't do automatic signing magic, can John do it manually? In a fire-and-forget way, without touching KSKs and ZSKs rollovers and updating and headaches?) Does it bring any change regarding CERT records? Do browsers support it? How come it became so complex? Why didn't they just merged it with SSL? DKIM is pretty straightforward, IANA/IETF could've opted for something like that. (Yes I know that creating a trust anchor would be still problematic, but browsers are already full of CA certs. So, they could've just let anyone get a cert for a domain for shiny green padlocks, or just generate one for a poor blue lock, put it into a TXT record, encrypt the other records and let the parent zone sign the whole for you with its cert.) Thanks! And for disclosure (it seemed like the customary thing to do around here), I've asked the same on the netsec subreddit.

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• How do you expand a raid disk array in a dell 2850?

  - by johnny

  Hi, I have a Dell 2850 and I want to install Windows 2008 Server. Problem is that my C drive only has 16GB of space. The requirements say I need at least 20. I have an open bay for a drive. If I put in another drive, how can I add that to the array and them make it only for the C drive? what do I do? Thank you. edit: I don't want to remove any drives. I just want to add a new one to the existing array. Can I do that and make sure that new drive is for the logical C drive?

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• My computer won't go into standby or hibernate

  - by Thomas B.

  Hi. I have a problem that I first noticed yesterday. Whenever I would press the half moon standby button on my keyboard, my computer would go to sleep. I also have a shortcut on my desktop configured to put my computer into hibernate. But now whenever I try to put my pc in sleep or hibernate mode, my monitor goes black for a few seconds but then comes back on at the login screen. I haven't installed or changed anything other than create a couple logical partitions in the hfs+ filesystem. (still in the process of trying to triple-boot) Any help would be great, but for now I'm going to bed. Will check back in the morning.

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• How can I mount an image from an external HDD to a partition within the host system?

  - by HardwareMuch

  I'm currently using Acronis True Image Home 2010 and I have created an image of my Windows 7 OS. I copied it to my external HDD and I repartitioned my other PC's HDD. The primary partition houses the Windows Xp system which also has Acronis installed. The new partition is logical. Whenever I try to go through the steps on "Clone Disk" the program would not let me select a destination drive if I choose the external HDD as the source. I also did not know that it you can only select disks instead of partitions as a source or destination. Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated. Thanks.

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• How can I know if a VM is used or not?

  - by Saariko

  I am running eSXI 4.1. In my main datastore I have plenty of folders, some of them has logical names, while the others don't, they hold BASE configurations/images of clients that I duplicate and activate. I only have a fraction of the actual clients loaded and running on the server. How can I know, but looking in the datastore folder, if the VM is in the inventory or not? If I right click on the vmx file, I can add it to the inventory - EVEN if the same client/folder is already active.

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