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• How to convert a raw disk image to a copy-on-write image based on another image for use with kvm and

  - by Jean-Paul Calderone

  I have a virtual Windows machine running on kvm. Presently it has a 90GB raw disk image. I would like to clone this VM without having to keep two copies of the 90GB raw disk image around. It seems like a good approach for doing this is to make two new qcow or qcow2 images based on the original. First I converted the raw image to a qcow2 image: qemu-img convert -O qcow2 basewindowsxp.img basewindowsxp.qcow2 Then I tried creating a new image backed by this: qemu-img create -F qcow2 -f qcow2 -b `pwd`/basewindowsxp.qcow2 windowsxp-1.qcow2 Then I used virt-manager to point the original VM at windowsxp-1.qcow2. However, when I try to start up the VM in this new configuration, virt-manager reports an error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/share/virt-manager/virtManager/engine.py", line 588, in run_domain vm.startup() File "/usr/share/virt-manager/virtManager/domain.py", line 150, in startup self._backend.create() File "/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/libvirt.py", line 300, in create if ret == -1: raise libvirtError ('virDomainCreate() failed', dom=self) libvirtError: internal error unable to start guest: qemu: could not open disk image /var/lib/libvirt/images/windowsxp-1.qcow2 The error suggests that the filename was misspecified or that the filesystem permissions are too restrictive, but neither of these is the case: $ ls -l /var/lib/libvirt/images/windowsxp-1.qcow2 -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 262144 2010-05-27 08:32 /var/lib/libvirt/images/windowsxp-1.qcow2 Why won't virt-manager start this vm?

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• Openfiler crashing without cause or leaving any log messages

  - by user44725

  So my linux machine keeps crashing, without so much as a bye or a leave. I've tried and tried and failed again to work out whats happening. Any help would be much appreciated. Linux chai 2.6.29.6-0.24.smp.gcc3.4.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Mar 9 05:06:08 GMT 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux Openfiler Here is what the /var/log/messages file says at the time of the latest crash. Nothing that unusual - just greg logging in and out via samba. You'll notice there is a cron running for root every minute - ignore this - this isn't the issue either it was some check I've been doing to discover its problem. Jun 2 10:32:01 chai crond(pam_unix)[16529]: session closed for user root Jun 2 10:32:49 chai samba(pam_unix)[15454]: session opened for user greg by (uid=0) Jun 2 10:33:01 chai crond(pam_unix)[16537]: session opened for user root by (uid=0) Jun 2 10:33:04 chai crond(pam_unix)[16537]: session closed for user root Jun 2 10:41:40 chai syslogd 1.4.1: restart. Jun 2 10:41:43 chai syslog: syslogd startup succeeded That restart was called manually by hand - by clicking the restart button on the box. So basically messages isn't revealing many secrets. dmesg only shows from startup. If there is any output I should paste. Just say when and where and it'll be done. Thanks for your help! Tim

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• Group Policy Software Installs Too Silent on Windows 7

  - by jonblock

  I'm trying to migrate a Windows XP deployment process to Windows 7. The process has been surprisingly smooth, after figuring out how to bring up a base system. We rely heavily on Group Policy software installation, which in XP can mean long periods on any given morning sitting around watching the machine install new updates. At least the typical Windows Installer message shows the user that something is indeed happening. As far as I can tell, Windows 7 retains the startup installation process (good), but eliminates the on-screen message to indicate what's happening (bad). All a user will see, possibly for a half-hour or more if they haven't restarted for a while, is the electric hamster wheel and the words "Please wait...". I forsee a significant increase in support calls... If you're familiar with msiexec.exe parameters, XP behaves like /qb-, and 7 behaves like /qn. I want the /qb- behavior back. Is there a way to re-enable the Windows Installer notices for Group Policy startup installations?

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• Oracle Database Recovery Problem

  - by Palani

  I am very new to Oracle, and trying to restore a oracle 8i database on win 2000 server. I have one week old database backup (backup taken with exp command), and i want to restore it now. Now I am unable to login through sqlplus (got shutdown in progress error) I have a backup and i want to restore it, but oracle is not starting at all, and 'imp' command is failing. I started sqlplus / as sysdba and following is the log of what i am trying to do. Can some one guide me further. SQL> shutdown immediate; ORA-01109: database not open Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 143423516 bytes Fixed Size 75804 bytes Variable Size 58105856 bytes Database Buffers 85164032 bytes Redo Buffers 77824 bytes Database mounted. ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open SQL> shutdown immediate; ORA-01109: database not open Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup mount; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 143423516 bytes Fixed Size 75804 bytes Variable Size 58105856 bytes Database Buffers 85164032 bytes Redo Buffers 77824 bytes Database mounted. SQL> alter database open; alter database open * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open SQL> alter database open resetlogs; alter database open resetlogs * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01245: offline file 1 will be lost if RESETLOGS is done ORA-01110: data file 1: 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\ABCD\SYSTEM01.DBF'

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• Why can't I boot in to Windows Recovery Environment to fix my HDD or salvage my data?

  - by Kevin

  I've been trying to get in to WindowsRE to salvage the files on my Sony Vaio laptop after it failed to load Vista (it finally, consistently displays "Error loading operating system" after months of such intermittent failures, usually rectified via restarts or utilizing Startup Repair or CHKDSK from WindowsRE) . The problem is, after successfully accessing it once after this failure (and many times before over the course of the laptop's life), I can no longer get it to load. During the last successful access (right after the failure), I ran startup repair, which itself failed and notified me that the boot sector was corrupt. I attempted to head in to Sony's proprietary recovery tools menu, which is accessible from WindowsRE when it is loaded from the recovery partition or recovery disk, however it hung. I have since been unable to access the recovery environment after restarting, using any of these methods: Access via the recovery partition (pressing F10 on boot) Access via recovery DVD (created using the same computer when it was healthy) Access via a Windows Vista installation DVD All three methods produce the same results: The computer acknowledges the boot attempt The computer successfully gets passed the "Windows is loading files" screen The computer successfully gets passed the Windows loading screen The computer then stalls at a black screen, while showing HDD activity (via indicator light). After a few minutes, the HDD activity ceases, and after a few more minutes, the over sized cursor that is utilized in WindowsRE appears on the black screen. The actual recovery environment, however, never appears, even after leaving the computer in such a state overnight. What is fustrating is that other bootable utilities, such as SeaTools for DOS and MemTest, boot up and run fine. In running perfectly normally, MemTest was able to produce a plethora of errors utilizing my RAM. I'm inclined to believe the RAM's faultiness may causing the WindowsRE booting to fail. Would this be a valid assumption? If I'm not mistaken, booting from external media utilizes the RAM, so such a reason is plausible, assuming my knowledge of bootloading is correct. Other than that, I can't figure out any reason why all the bootable utilities except WindowsRE run fine. Does anyone know what the problem is, or could be? Any solutions?

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• Enabling CURL on Ubuntu 11.10

  - by Afsheen Khosravian

  I have installed curl: sudo apt-get install curl libcurl3 libcurl3-dev php5-curl and I have updated my php.ini file to include(I also tried .so): extension=php_curl.dll To test if curl is working I created a file called testCurl.php which contains the following: <?php echo ‘<pre>’; var_dump(curl_version()); echo ‘</pre>’; ?> When I navigate to localhost/testCurl.php I get an error: HTTP Error 500 Heres a snippet from the error log: PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library '/usr/lib/php5/20090626+lfs/php_curl.dll' - /usr/lib/php5/20090626+lfs/php_curl.dll: cannot op$ PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library '/usr/lib/php5/20090626+lfs/sqlite.so' - /usr/lib/php5/20090626+lfs/sqlite.so: cannot open sha$ [Sun Dec 25 12:10:17 2011] [notice] Apache/2.2.20 (Ubuntu) PHP/5.3.6-13ubuntu3.3 with Suhosin-Patch configured -- resuming normal operations [Sun Dec 25 12:13:46 2011] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File does not exist: /var/www/css, referer: http://localhost/ [Sun Dec 25 12:13:46 2011] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File does not exist: /var/www/css, referer: http://localhost/ [Sun Dec 25 12:13:46 2011] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File does not exist: /var/www/css, referer: http://localhost/ [Sun Dec 25 12:13:46 2011] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File does not exist: /var/www/css, referer: http://localhost/` Can anyone help me to get curl working? The problem was with the original test code. I used a new test file containing this and curl is now working: <?php ## Test if cURL is working ## ## SCRIPT BY WWW.WEBUNE.COM (please do not remove)## echo '<pre>'; var_dump(curl_version()); echo '</pre>'; ?>

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• Uninstall php5 installed from source

  - by diegomichel

  I have tried to install php5 from source , and it worked... Then for some reason need to install the official packets, so i tried a make uninstall and for my surprise there is such make uninstall... so i tried delete all the installed files by hand. Then installed the official debian packages and it worked fine... till i need install sqlite module, which give me the following error: php --version PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library '/usr/lib/php5/20090626/pdo_sqlite.so' - /usr/lib/php5/20090626/pdo_sqlite.so: undefined symbol: php_pdo_register_driver in Unknown on line 0 PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library '/usr/lib/php5/20090626/sqlite.so' - /usr/lib/php5/20090626/sqlite.so: undefined symbol: php_pdo_register_driver in Unknown on line 0 PHP 5.3.1-5 with Suhosin-Patch (cli) (built: Feb 22 2010 22:46:05) Copyright (c) 1997-2009 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2009 Zend Technologies So i remember that manual install i did, and i think there is some old lib installed causing that problem, the bad thing is that there is not such make uninstall on the source code of php5... php-5.2.13 > make uninstall make: *** No rule to make target `uninstall'. Stop. I have tried reinstall and purge all php related packages via aptitude with not success. OS: Debian Squeeze. uname -a Linux desktop 2.6.32-trunk-amd64 #1 SMP Sun Jan 10 22:40:40 UTC 2010 x86_64 GNU/Linux Any idea how to fix that?

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• Oracle 10g for Windows does not start up on system boot

  - by Mike Dimmick

  We have an Oracle 10g Enterprise Edition installation (10.2.0.1.0) on a Windows Server 2003 virtual machine. It was initially created with Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1 but has now been migrated to Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V. The services start on system boot, but the instance does not start up. This problem was actually occurring on Virtual Server after a migration from one server to another, but I managed to fix it then with: oradim -edit -sid ORCL -startmode auto However, this now has no effect. oradim.log (in %OracleHome%\database\oradim.log) says: Thu Jun 10 14:14:48 2010 C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_3\bin\oradim.exe -startup -sid orcl -usrpwd * -log oradim.log -nocheck 0 Thu Jun 10 14:14:48 2010 ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error sqlnet.log in the same folder has: Fatal NI connect error 12560, connecting to: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=BEQ)(PROGRAM=oracle)(ARGV0=oracleorcl)(ARGS='(DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))'))(CONNECT_DATA=(SID=orcl)(CID=(PROGRAM=C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_3\bin\oradim.exe)(HOST=ORACLE-VM)(USER=SYSTEM)))) VERSION INFORMATION: TNS for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production Oracle Bequeath NT Protocol Adapter for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production Time: 10-JUN-2010 14:14:48 Tracing not turned on. Tns error struct: ns main err code: 12560 TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error ns secondary err code: 0 nt main err code: 530 TNS-00530: Protocol adapter error nt secondary err code: 2 nt OS err code: 0 The ORA_ORCL_AUTOSTART registry value is set to TRUE, so it should be auto-starting - and you can see that it's trying to. The problem also occurs when stopping and restarting the OracleServiceORCL service. I've enabled SQL*Net tracing which shows: [10-JUN-2010 15:09:33.919] snlpcss: entry [10-JUN-2010 15:09:34.419] snlpcss: Unable to spawn Oracle oracle (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq))) orcl, error 2. [10-JUN-2010 15:09:34.419] snlpcall: exit On a hunch that error 2 is Windows error 2 (file not found) I tried restarting the service with Process Monitor watching oradim.exe, but this appears to delay things just enough that it always works. Right now I have a horrible hack where I've created a Scheduled Task to run oradim -startup -sid ORCL when the Administrator account logs on, and set the VM to auto-logon. I'd still like to work out why it's not working.

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• What could cause TFTP reloaded Cisco `running-config` on 871 to fail?

  - by xtian

  Cisco CCP Write Configuration borked my 871w config while I was trying to setup port forwarding. I went through the basic steps to reconfig the router. I looked to see if I could just reset the router. Nope. I tested the 871's flash memory with fsck to see if there was hardware failure. Nope. Then I rewrote the minimal config for TFTP (which is the same for Cisco's CCP app.). Thne, I successfully uploaded a previously working running-config from Win Vista using SolarWinds TFTP Server, unfortunately the restore was not entirely successful. The old running config was saved to the 871's startup-config and I can login using console port. Some other things that are working are the hostname and welcome message but that's about it. Startup shows an error SETUP: new interface NVI0 placed in "shutdown" state after tftp. The missing light on the access point modem for ethernet link show the 871'a outside FE4 is not working. SO...what's the possible problem with reloading a previously working config (approximately 4 months with the same config) via TFTP? Is there something I can look for on the 871 to verify the config? Or on Vista to validate the config file itself before I transfer it? Or, is this there a common TFTP issue? UPDATE. I missed the instruction from Cisco's TFTP page to delete aaa lines from the config (although a video from a SuperUser user didn't make this point in his most excellent demo). There were several lines of this sort, I deleted them and uploaded again. However, they're back. I assume they're added automatically? [nope, see answer] UPDATE 2. The reload of previous settings was successful, but this error remains. I don't even know now if it was there before or not. It seems irrelevant to the question.

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• Find out when a system went down?

  - by Clinton Blackmore

  I have a Mac OS X 10.5 server, with a RAID set in it, that went down due to a power outage on Thursday, and the machine is not happily booting right now*. It is possible to find out when the machine went down, while not booted off the internal drive? (I'm booted off an external drive, waiting for the RAID sets to initialize.) Normally, I'd run last. The man page doesn't indicate that I can run it against a different startup volume. It looks possible to parse /var/log/utmpx, but I don't think it'd be worthwhile to try to do that from scratch for this one-off problem. * I'm still trying to figure out why it isn't happy, and may ask a follow-up question. Right now I can see that UserNotificationCenter crashed repeatedly early Thursday morning, and that securityd, mdworker, and ARDAgent crash shortly after startup [I think -- I want to verify when the box went up and down]. The login window does not come up right (I think it is crashing or not able to cope with a dead securityd). The box is supposed to be set to go down when the UPS tells it power is out; at the moment, I'm wondering if it went down, and turned back on multiple times! I sure hope not.

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• Unable to receive emails from Ubuntu postfix mail server

  - by Paddington

  I am unable to receive emails on an Ubuntu 11.04 server running postfix with the Plesk control panel. I can't see the mails even on webmail. I am able to send emails and am not getting any error messages on the email client when I try to receive. Here is the output of the logs: *tail -f /usr/local/psa/var/log/maillog Aug 29 10:38:31 cp9 postfix/tlsmgr[3811]: fatal: open database /var/lib/postfix/smtpd_scache.db: Invalid argument Aug 29 10:38:32 cp9 postfix/master[27738]: warning: process /usr/lib/postfix/tlsmgr pid 3811 exit status 1 Aug 29 10:38:32 cp9 postfix/master[27738]: warning: /usr/lib/postfix/tlsmgr: bad command startup -- throttling Aug 29 10:38:36 cp9 pop3d: Connection, ip=[::ffff:196.201.7.158] Aug 29 10:38:36 cp9 pop3d: IMAP connect from @ [::ffff:196.201.7.158]INFO: LOGIN, [email protected], ip=[::ffff:196.201.7.158] Aug 29 10:38:37 cp9 pop3d: 1346229517.874008 LOGOUT, [email protected], ip=[::ffff:196.201.7.158], top=0, retr=0, time=1, rcvd=24, sent=1716, maildir=/var/qmail/mailnames/essentialhuku.co.za/earle/Maildir Aug 29 10:14:05 cp9 postfix/tlsmgr[1133]: fatal: open database /var/lib/postfix/smtpd_scache.db: Invalid argument Aug 29 10:14:06 cp9 postfix/master[27738]: warning: process /usr/lib/postfix/tlsmgr pid 1133 exit status 1 Aug 29 10:14:06 cp9 postfix/master[27738]: warning: /usr/lib/postfix/tlsmgr: bad command startup -- throttling Aug 29 10:14:08 cp9 pop3d: Connection, ip=[::ffff:196.201.7.158

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• How to forever disable driver signature enforcement in Windows 8

  - by IneedHelp

  Is there a way to forever disable driver signature enforcement in Windows 8? I keep seeing this solution posted on various blogs and forums: bcdedit -set loadoptions DISABLE_INTEGRITY_CHECKS bcdedit -set TESTSIGNING ON but it is not working, at least not like when you manually disable driver signature enforcement. To disable driver signature enforcement, I currently have to do this everytime I restart my PC: 1. From the Metro Start Screen, open Settings (move your mouse to the bottom-right-corner of the screen and wait for the pop-out bar to appear, then click the Gear icon). 2. Click ‘More PC Settings’. 3. Click ‘General’. 4. Scroll down, and click ‘Restart now’ under ‘Advanced startup’. 5. Click ‘Troubleshoot’. 6. Click ‘Advanced Options’ 7. Click ‘Windows Startup Settings’ 8. Click Restart. Is there at least a way to create a shortcut or something? F8, Shift+F8 don't work any more at boot. These MS developers freaks really want everything their way only. What's worse is that when I have to power up my PC, I first have to start normally and then restart with driver signature enforcement disabled, because there is no way to tell Windows 8 to show the troubleshoot screen when a PC is powered up.

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• Missing BootMgr in Vista

  - by Selase

  Am in really deep trouble here and would use every advice available from everyone out there.. Am message just pooped on my screen and i had to restart my laptop. upon restarting the BootMgr got corrupted. Am running Windows Vista 32 bit by the way.. i got onto Google with a friend's PC and found two basic ways of fixing it. the first one that requires windows to automatically fix it using Startup repair ends up with the error message : "Startup REpair cannot repair this computer automatically" the second option that requires me to rebuild the BCD scans my system and finds the operating system on drive D:\Windows which i believe should be C:. if i hit Y(yes) for the rebuild process to take place i get the message "The required system device cannot be found" i then try the second option which requires me to recreate the BCD Store ends up with an error message that says "The store export operation has failed. The requested system device cannot be found". proceeding from there is meaningless since the system device cannot be found. I somehow believe the device cannot be found because its identifying the windows installation on D: instead of C: but how to change that i have no idea... I dot know how it happens to identify an O/S on D: when there's none there... How do i go about fixing the BootMgr? I have very important files on my system and cant afford to reinstall windows... i really need to fix this..Please help...

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• Why Is Volume Shadow Copy Services stopping?

  - by David Mackintosh

  I am running Windows 7 Professional, 64-bit. I am running a backup-over-the-internet software client which depends on the Volume Shadow Copy Services running. Since I installed Service Pack 1 (or rather, didn't object when Windows Update forced Service Pack 1 on me) the backup service is failing to back everything up because VSC isn't running. Most of the time it fails to back up such noise as the Security Essentials database or the Messenger Live contact list -- stuff I really don't care about -- but I don't want to fall into the trap of accepting an Error-state backup as "normal". At the recommendation of the backup software, I have set the VSC service startup mode to be Automatic. When I look in the Event Log, System channel I can see at boot time: The Volume Shadow Copy service entered the running state. ...and then two or three minutes later: The Volume Shadow Copy service entered the stopped state. How do I figure out why VSC is stopping? At the suggestion of the backup vendor, I have already followed the suggestions from http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx/kb/940184 net stop SENS net stop EventSystem net start EventSystem net start SENS net stop COMSysApp net stop SwPrv net stop VSS cd /d C:\Windows\system32 regsvr32 ole32.dll /s regsvr32 oleaut32.dll /s regsvr32 vss_ps.dll /s vssvc /register /s regsvr32 /i swprv.dll /s regsvr32 /i eventcls.dll /s regsvr32 es.dll /s regsvr32 stdprov.dll /s regsvr32 vssui.dll /s regsvr32 msxml.dll /s regsvr32 msxml3.dll /s regsvr32 msxml4.dll /s net start SwPrv net start VSS net start ProtectedStorage ...and per http://support.microsoft.com/kb/940184 I have deleted the key tree HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\EventSystem\{26c409cc-ae86-11d1-b616-00805fc79216}\Subscriptions I have also run chkdsk /F and chkdsk /R on both permanent hard disks. (I had a similar problem with another computer (same OS, same failure, same start point after SP1 install) but the problem went away when I forced Volume Shadow Copy Services to Automatic startup rather than Manual. I did not have to resort to following the Microsoft KB instructions.)

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• How to find process that's using 100% of CPU

  - by Gabriel

  As i'm looking at htop and top i see that my processor usage is 100% allways. But i can not see any process that is using that much CPU. Htop shows me only 1-2 processes that use around 5% cpu time. Is there a way to find the processes that use that much cpu time? Here is the output of ps -eo pcpu,pid,user,args | sort -r -k1 | less %CPU PID USER COMMAND 0.8 20413 root jsvc.exec -user tomcat -cp ./bootstrap.jar -Djava.endorsed.dirs=../common/endorsed -outfile ../logs/catalina.out -errfile ../logs/catalina.err -verbose org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap -security 0.3 631 mysql /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/ --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.pid --skip-external-locking 0.2 3380 root /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k restart -DSSL 0.2 24698 root tailwatchd 0.2 22472 root /usr/local/jdk/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/jakarta/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Dfile.encoding=UTF8 -XX:MaxPermSize=128m -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djava.endorsed.dirs=/usr/local/jakarta/tomcat/common/endorsed -classpath /usr/local/jakarta/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/jakarta/tomcat -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/jakarta/tomcat -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/jakarta/tomcat/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start 0.1 32095 root cpanellogd - processing bandwidth 0.0 9733 root sleep 1m

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• Oracle Database Recovery Problem

  - by Palani

  I am very new to Oracle, and trying to restore a oracle 8i database on win 2000 server. I have one week old database backup (backup taken with exp command), and i want to restore it now. Now I am unable to login through sqlplus (got shutdown in progress error) I have a backup and i want to restore it, but oracle is not starting at all, and 'imp' command is failing. I started sqlplus / as sysdba and following is the log of what i am trying to do. Can some one guide me further. SQL> shutdown immediate; ORA-01109: database not open Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 143423516 bytes Fixed Size 75804 bytes Variable Size 58105856 bytes Database Buffers 85164032 bytes Redo Buffers 77824 bytes Database mounted. ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open SQL> shutdown immediate; ORA-01109: database not open Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup mount; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 143423516 bytes Fixed Size 75804 bytes Variable Size 58105856 bytes Database Buffers 85164032 bytes Redo Buffers 77824 bytes Database mounted. SQL> alter database open; alter database open * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open SQL> alter database open resetlogs; alter database open resetlogs * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01245: offline file 1 will be lost if RESETLOGS is done ORA-01110: data file 1: 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\ABCD\SYSTEM01.DBF'

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• mysqld crashes on any statement

  - by ??iu

  I restarted my slave to change configuration settings to skip reverse hostname lookup on connecting and to enable the slow query log. I edited /etc/my.cnf making only these changes, then restarted mysqld with /etc/init.d/mysql restart All appeared to be well but when I connect to msyqld remotely or locally though it connects okay a slight problem is that mysqld crashes whenever you try to issue any kind of statement. The client looks like: Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.1.31-1ubuntu2-log Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. mysql> show tables; ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away No connection. Trying to reconnect... Connection id: 1 Current database: mydb ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away No connection. Trying to reconnect... ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to MySQL server on 'xx.xx.xx.xx' (61) ERROR: Can't connect to the server ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away No connection. Trying to reconnect... ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to MySQL server on 'xx.xx.xx.xx' (61) ERROR: Can't connect to the server ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away Bus error The mysqld error log looks like: 101210 16:35:51 InnoDB: Error: (1500) Couldn't read the MAX(job_id) autoinc value from the index (PRIMARY). 101210 16:35:51 InnoDB: Assertion failure in thread 140245598570832 in file handler/ha_innodb.cc line 2595 InnoDB: Failing assertion: error == DB_SUCCESS InnoDB: We intentionally generate a memory trap. InnoDB: Submit a detailed bug report to http://bugs.mysql.com. InnoDB: If you get repeated assertion failures or crashes, even InnoDB: immediately after the mysqld startup, there may be InnoDB: corruption in the InnoDB tablespace. Please refer to InnoDB: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/forcing-recovery.html InnoDB: about forcing recovery. 101210 16:35:51 - mysqld got signal 6 ; This could be because you hit a bug. It is also possible that this binary or one of the libraries it was linked against is corrupt, improperly built, or misconfigured. This error can also be caused by malfunctioning hardware. We will try our best to scrape up some info that will hopefully help diagnose the problem, but since we have already crashed, something is definitely wrong and this may fail. key_buffer_size=16777216 read_buffer_size=131072 max_used_connections=3 max_threads=600 threads_connected=3 It is possible that mysqld could use up to key_buffer_size + (read_buffer_size + sort_buffer_size)*max_threads = 1328077 K bytes of memory Hope that's ok; if not, decrease some variables in the equation. thd: 0x18209220 Attempting backtrace. You can use the following information to find out where mysqld died. If you see no messages after this, something went terribly wrong... stack_bottom = 0x7f8d791580d0 thread_stack 0x20000 /usr/sbin/mysqld(my_print_stacktrace+0x29) [0x8b4f89] /usr/sbin/mysqld(handle_segfault+0x383) [0x5f8f03] /lib/libpthread.so.0 [0x7f902a76a080] /lib/libc.so.6(gsignal+0x35) [0x7f90291f8fb5] /lib/libc.so.6(abort+0x183) [0x7f90291fabc3] /usr/sbin/mysqld(ha_innobase::open(char const*, int, unsigned int)+0x41b) [0x781f4b] /usr/sbin/mysqld(handler::ha_open(st_table*, char const*, int, int)+0x3f) [0x6db00f] /usr/sbin/mysqld(open_table_from_share(THD*, st_table_share*, char const*, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, st_table*, bool)+0x57a) [0x64760a] /usr/sbin/mysqld [0x63f281] /usr/sbin/mysqld(open_table(THD*, TABLE_LIST*, st_mem_root*, bool*, unsigned int)+0x626) [0x641e16] /usr/sbin/mysqld(open_tables(THD*, TABLE_LIST**, unsigned int*, unsigned int)+0x5db) [0x6429cb] /usr/sbin/mysqld(open_normal_and_derived_tables(THD*, TABLE_LIST*, unsigned int)+0x1e) [0x642b0e] /usr/sbin/mysqld(mysqld_list_fields(THD*, TABLE_LIST*, char const*)+0x22) [0x70b292] /usr/sbin/mysqld(dispatch_command(enum_server_command, THD*, char*, unsigned int)+0x146d) [0x60dc1d] /usr/sbin/mysqld(do_command(THD*)+0xe8) [0x60dda8] /usr/sbin/mysqld(handle_one_connection+0x226) [0x601426] /lib/libpthread.so.0 [0x7f902a7623ba] /lib/libc.so.6(clone+0x6d) [0x7f90292abfcd] Trying to get some variables. Some pointers may be invalid and cause the dump to abort... thd->query at 0x18213c70 = thd->thread_id=3 thd->killed=NOT_KILLED The manual page at http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/crashing.html contains information that should help you find out what is causing the crash. 101210 16:35:51 mysqld_safe Number of processes running now: 0 101210 16:35:51 mysqld_safe mysqld restarted InnoDB: The log sequence number in ibdata files does not match InnoDB: the log sequence number in the ib_logfiles! 101210 16:35:54 InnoDB: Database was not shut down normally! InnoDB: Starting crash recovery. InnoDB: Reading tablespace information from the .ibd files... InnoDB: Restoring possible half-written data pages from the doublewrite InnoDB: buffer... 101210 16:35:56 InnoDB: Started; log sequence number 456 143528628 101210 16:35:56 [Warning] 'user' entry 'root@PSDB102' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode. 101210 16:35:56 [Warning] Neither --relay-log nor --relay-log-index were used; so replication may break when this MySQL server acts as a slave and has his hostname changed!! Please use '--relay-log=mysqld-relay-bin' to avoid this problem. 101210 16:35:56 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events 101210 16:35:56 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '5.1.31-1ubuntu2-log' socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' port: 3306 (Ubuntu) 101210 16:36:11 InnoDB: Error: (1500) Couldn't read the MAX(job_id) autoinc value from the index (PRIMARY). 101210 16:36:11 InnoDB: Assertion failure in thread 139955151501648 in file handler/ha_innodb.cc line 2595 InnoDB: Failing assertion: error == DB_SUCCESS InnoDB: We intentionally generate a memory trap. InnoDB: Submit a detailed bug report to http://bugs.mysql.com. InnoDB: If you get repeated assertion failures or crashes, even InnoDB: immediately after the mysqld startup, there may be InnoDB: corruption in the InnoDB tablespace. Please refer to InnoDB: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/forcing-recovery.html InnoDB: about forcing recovery. 101210 16:36:11 - mysqld got signal 6 ; This could be because you hit a bug. It is also possible that this binary or one of the libraries it was linked against is corrupt, improperly built, or misconfigured. This error can also be caused by malfunctioning hardware. We will try our best to scrape up some info that will hopefully help diagnose the problem, but since we have already crashed, something is definitely wrong and this may fail. key_buffer_size=16777216 read_buffer_size=131072 max_used_connections=1 max_threads=600 threads_connected=1 It is possible that mysqld could use up to key_buffer_size + (read_buffer_size + sort_buffer_size)*max_threads = 1328077 K bytes of memory Hope that's ok; if not, decrease some variables in the equation. thd: 0x18588720 Attempting backtrace. You can use the following information to find out where mysqld died. If you see no messages after this, something went terribly wrong... stack_bottom = 0x7f49d916f0d0 thread_stack 0x20000 /usr/sbin/mysqld(my_print_stacktrace+0x29) [0x8b4f89] /usr/sbin/mysqld(handle_segfault+0x383) [0x5f8f03] /lib/libpthread.so.0 [0x7f4c8a73f080] /lib/libc.so.6(gsignal+0x35) [0x7f4c891cdfb5] /lib/libc.so.6(abort+0x183) [0x7f4c891cfbc3] /usr/sbin/mysqld(ha_innobase::open(char const*, int, unsigned int)+0x41b) [0x781f4b] /usr/sbin/mysqld(handler::ha_open(st_table*, char const*, int, int)+0x3f) [0x6db00f] /usr/sbin/mysqld(open_table_from_share(THD*, st_table_share*, char const*, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, st_table*, bool)+0x57a) [0x64760a] /usr/sbin/mysqld [0x63f281] /usr/sbin/mysqld(open_table(THD*, TABLE_LIST*, st_mem_root*, bool*, unsigned int)+0x626) [0x641e16] /usr/sbin/mysqld(open_tables(THD*, TABLE_LIST**, unsigned int*, unsigned int)+0x5db) [0x6429cb] /usr/sbin/mysqld(open_normal_and_derived_tables(THD*, TABLE_LIST*, unsigned int)+0x1e) [0x642b0e] /usr/sbin/mysqld(mysqld_list_fields(THD*, TABLE_LIST*, char const*)+0x22) [0x70b292] /usr/sbin/mysqld(dispatch_command(enum_server_command, THD*, char*, unsigned int)+0x146d) [0x60dc1d] /usr/sbin/mysqld(do_command(THD*)+0xe8) [0x60dda8] /usr/sbin/mysqld(handle_one_connection+0x226) [0x601426] /lib/libpthread.so.0 [0x7f4c8a7373ba] /lib/libc.so.6(clone+0x6d) [0x7f4c89280fcd] Trying to get some variables. Some pointers may be invalid and cause the dump to abort... thd->query at 0x18599950 = thd->thread_id=1 thd->killed=NOT_KILLED The manual page at http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/crashing.html contains information that should help you find out what is causing the crash. 101210 16:36:11 mysqld_safe Number of processes running now: 0 101210 16:36:11 mysqld_safe mysqld restarted The config is [mysqld_safe] socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock nice = 0 [mysqld] innodb_file_per_table innodb_buffer_pool_size=10G innodb_log_buffer_size=4M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=2 innodb_thread_concurrency=8 skip-slave-start server-id=3 # # * IMPORTANT # If you make changes to these settings and your system uses apparmor, you may # also need to also adjust /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld. # user = mysql pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 basedir = /usr datadir = /DB2/mysql tmpdir = /tmp skip-external-locking # # Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on # localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure. #bind-address = 127.0.0.1 # # * Fine Tuning # key_buffer = 16M max_allowed_packet = 16M thread_stack = 128K thread_cache_size = 8 # This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed # the first time they are touched myisam-recover = BACKUP max_connections = 600 #table_cache = 64 #thread_concurrency = 10 # # * Query Cache Configuration # query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_size = 32M # skip-federated slow-query-log skip-name-resolve Update: I followed the instructions as per http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/forcing-innodb-recovery.html and set innodb_force_recovery = 4 and the logs are showing a different error but the behavior is still the same: 101210 19:14:15 mysqld_safe mysqld restarted 101210 19:14:19 InnoDB: Started; log sequence number 456 143528628 InnoDB: !!! innodb_force_recovery is set to 4 !!! 101210 19:14:19 [Warning] 'user' entry 'root@PSDB102' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode. 101210 19:14:19 [Warning] Neither --relay-log nor --relay-log-index were used; so replication may break when this MySQL server acts as a slave and has his hostname changed!! Please use '--relay-log=mysqld-relay-bin' to avoid this problem. 101210 19:14:19 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events 101210 19:14:19 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '5.1.31-1ubuntu2-log' socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' port: 3306 (Ubuntu) 101210 19:14:32 InnoDB: error: space object of table mydb/__twitter_friend, InnoDB: space id 1602 did not exist in memory. Retrying an open. 101210 19:14:32 InnoDB: error: space object of table mydb/access_request, InnoDB: space id 1318 did not exist in memory. Retrying an open. 101210 19:14:32 InnoDB: error: space object of table mydb/activity, InnoDB: space id 1595 did not exist in memory. Retrying an open. 101210 19:14:32 - mysqld got signal 11 ; This could be because you hit a bug. It is also possible that this binary or one of the libraries it was linked against is corrupt, improperly built, or misconfigured. This error can also be caused by malfunctioning hardware. We will try our best to scrape up some info that will hopefully help diagnose the problem, but since we have already crashed, something is definitely wrong and this may fail. key_buffer_size=16777216 read_buffer_size=131072 max_used_connections=1 max_threads=600 threads_connected=1 It is possible that mysqld could use up to key_buffer_size + (read_buffer_size + sort_buffer_size)*max_threads = 1328077 K bytes of memory Hope that's ok; if not, decrease some variables in the equation. thd: 0x1753c070 Attempting backtrace. You can use the following information to find out where mysqld died. If you see no messages after this, something went terribly wrong... stack_bottom = 0x7f7a0b5800d0 thread_stack 0x20000 /usr/sbin/mysqld(my_print_stacktrace+0x29) [0x8b4f89] /usr/sbin/mysqld(handle_segfault+0x383) [0x5f8f03] /lib/libpthread.so.0 [0x7f7cbc350080] /usr/sbin/mysqld(ha_innobase::innobase_get_index(unsigned int)+0x46) [0x77c516] /usr/sbin/mysqld(ha_innobase::innobase_initialize_autoinc()+0x40) [0x77c640] /usr/sbin/mysqld(ha_innobase::open(char const*, int, unsigned int)+0x3f3) [0x781f23] /usr/sbin/mysqld(handler::ha_open(st_table*, char const*, int, int)+0x3f) [0x6db00f] /usr/sbin/mysqld(open_table_from_share(THD*, st_table_share*, char const*, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, st_table*, bool)+0x57a) [0x64760a] /usr/sbin/mysqld [0x63f281] /usr/sbin/mysqld(open_table(THD*, TABLE_LIST*, st_mem_root*, bool*, unsigned int)+0x626) [0x641e16] /usr/sbin/mysqld(open_tables(THD*, TABLE_LIST**, unsigned int*, unsigned int)+0x5db) [0x6429cb] /usr/sbin/mysqld(open_normal_and_derived_tables(THD*, TABLE_LIST*, unsigned int)+0x1e) [0x642b0e] /usr/sbin/mysqld(mysqld_list_fields(THD*, TABLE_LIST*, char const*)+0x22) [0x70b292] /usr/sbin/mysqld(dispatch_command(enum_server_command, THD*, char*, unsigned int)+0x146d) [0x60dc1d] /usr/sbin/mysqld(do_command(THD*)+0xe8) [0x60dda8] /usr/sbin/mysqld(handle_one_connection+0x226) [0x601426] /lib/libpthread.so.0 [0x7f7cbc3483ba] /lib/libc.so.6(clone+0x6d) [0x7f7cbae91fcd] Trying to get some variables. Some pointers may be invalid and cause the dump to abort... thd->query at 0x1754d690 = thd->thread_id=1 thd->killed=NOT_KILLED The manual page at http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/crashing.html contains information that should help you find out what is causing the crash.

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• Autologin 2 Windows users OR Login another user from the desktop

  - by fpdragon

  I'm using two windows users on my HTPC at the same time. One is just for watching videos and one for administration via remote. This setup is quite ideal for me since windows can handle multiple concurrent logins and the win "rdp concurrent hack" (Google). The problem is, I want both users to be logged in automatically when the pc was started. It shall be possible to watch tv and also the admin user shall be automatically logged in to start my scripts and other tasks, even if I haven't logged in via remote desktop manually. Later, when I want to admin my htpc I can just rdp connect the admin user without interrupting the video playback on the actual HTPC's screen and check my cleanup tasks, downloads, ... witch already executed for this admin user. But right now I found no solution to automatically login user A from a user B desktop and I also found no solution to autologin both users immediately at startup. As a workaround I have to fire up my other notebook machine and login one time with the remote user via rdp. From this time on the remote admin user is running concurrent with the main user in the background of the machine. The other workaround would be... after startup switch user from main user to admin user and then back again. But that also requires manual steps. I'm on a Windows 8 System right now but all infos for Win7 or XP would be also interesting. thanks a lot for all ideas. PS: just to prevent useless posts... don't tell me that only one user can be logged in to windows. ;)

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• Cloned Win7: Keyboard doesn't work

  - by Marc

  I cloned my old Windows7 hard disk to a shiny new Seagate Momentus XT 500GB using the free EaseUs Disk Copy tool on my laptop. After the clone process I used the Windows 7 installation disc to start the automatic startup repair. This took maybe 15 minutes and then my cloned disk was able to start. Now the cloned disk boots until the login screen and then I can't do anything because my keyboard just doesn't work. I tried connecting an external USB keyboard but this didn't help. The mouse is working fine. Note that the keyboard works fine in BIOS and in the Windows startup options menu. I booted into safe mode and again the keyboard is not working at all. I also noticed that the letters "Press CTRL+ALT+Delete to login" are now shown in italic font but they used to be shown non-italic on the original disk. I have now replaced the clone with the original disk again and from here everything works fine. Doesn't anybody have an idea how I can get my keyboard back?

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• Firefox: Unload a tab manually

  - by unor

  Firefox has a setting "Don't load tabs until selected" (see How do I make Firefox 13 Load All My Tabs on Startup or when Resuming Reload). I like that behaviour. I am searching for a way to "deload"/deactivate a tab manually for a session (until I reload it). It should stop all running JavaScript functions and plugins (like Flash). The whole webpage content may disappear until I reload/re-activate the tab, but that is not a requirement. The title has to be displayed as tab label (like it is the case with the startup setting, too). The workaround would be to restart Firefox and don't switch to the tab I want to be deactivated. This is pretty annoying, of course. EDIT: Here is what I found so far (thanks, @bytebuster!) BarTab no longer being maintained (see why) BarTab Lite seems to miss this functionality from BarTab Dormancy experimental; comes with warning that it "may eat your session" Tab Mix Plus Feature request: Unload Tab feature Tab Utilites seems to offer this functionality only for automatic unloading Feature request: Add "unload tab" to tab context menu. UnloadTab removed from addons.mozilla.org (who knows why)

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• DRBD stacked resources: recovering from failure

  - by Marcus Downing

  We're running a stacked four-node DRBD setup like this: A --> B | | v v C D This means three DRBD resources running across these four servers. Servers A and B are Xen hosts running VMs, while servers C and D are for backups. A is in the same datacentre as C. From server A to server C, in the first datacentre, using protocol B From server B to server D, in the second datacentre, using protocol B From server A to server B, different datacentres, stacked resource using protocol A First question: booting a stacked resource We haven't got any vital data running on this setup yet - we're still making sure it works first. This means simulating power cuts, network outages etc and seeing what steps we need to recover. When we pull the power out of server A, both resources go down; it attempts to bring them back up at next boot. However, it only succeeds at bringing up the lower-level resource, A-C. The stacked resource A-B doesn't even try to connect, presumably because it can't find the device until it's a connected primary on the lower level. So if anything goes wrong we need to manually log in and bring that resource up, then start the virtual machine on top of it. Second question: setting the primary of a stacked resource Our lower-level resources are configured so that the right one is considered primary: resource test-AC { on A { ... } on C { ... } startup { become-primary-on A; } } But I don't see any way to do the same with a stacked resource, as the following isn't a valid config: resource test-AB { stacked-on-top-of test-AC { ... } stacked-on-top-of test-BD { ... } startup { become-primary-on test-AC; } } This too means that recovering from a failure requires manual intervention. Is there no way to set the automatic primary for a stacked resource?

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• how do I fix a wrong UUID in grub.cfg?

  - by mozerella

  I run Debian Wheezy alone on my PC and I recently copied the root partition to another with rsync as I found that worked well (I also know about dd and ddrescue but they leave unusable space on the new partition). I generated a new random UUID for the new partition with sudo tune2fs -U random /dev/hda9 and also updated fstab / and /home entries. Then as I know so little about GRUB I used a gui (GRUB Customizer) to probe for the new OS and add an entry to GRUB and the MBR -it makes an /etc/grub.d entry then updates GRUB. On startup, the GRUB list contains the new OS (on sda9) but it boots the first OS (which I copied from -sda5). /boot/grub/grub.cfg contains the new debian OS but it looks like this set root='(hd0,msdos9)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 64662470-0e58-4dfd-90ac-43227d773556 linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-2-amd64 root=UUID=cc3bca0d-aee4-4b9c-95c2-57212cc36d4d ro quiet initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-2-amd64 the 1st uuid is of sda9, but the 2nd uuid there is of sda5. I can change the 2nd uuid at startup (with E) and it boots sda9. So how can I get grub.cfg corrected so that the sda9 GRUB list entry boots from sda9 permanently?

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• Missing Boot Manager in Vista

  - by Selase

  I am in really deep trouble here and would need advice. A message just pop up on my screen and I had to restart my laptop. Upon restarting the Boot Manager got corrupted. I am running Windows Vista 32 bit by the way. I got onto Google with a friend's PC and found two basic ways of fixing it. The first one that requires Windows to automatically fix it using Startup repair ends up with the error message: Startup REpair cannot repair this computer automatically The second option that requires me to rebuild the BCD scans my system and finds the operating system on drive D:\Windows which I believe should be C:. If I hit Y(yes) for the rebuild process to take place I get the message The required system device cannot be found I then try the second option which requires me to recreate the BCD Store. It ends up with an error message that says: The store export operation has failed. The requested system device cannot be found Proceeding from there is meaningless since the system device cannot be found. I somehow believe the device cannot be found because it's identifying the Windows installation on D: instead of C: but how to change that I have no idea. I don't know how it happens to identify an operating system on D: when there's none there. How do I go about fixing the Boot Manager? I have very important files on my system and can't afford to reinstall Windows. I really need to fix this.

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• When modern computers boot, what initial setup of RAM do they execute, and how does it exactly work?

  - by user272840

  I know the title reeks of confusion, and some of you might assume I am just wondering about how the computer boots in general, but I'm not. But I'll sort this out for you people now: 1.Onboard firmware is how mostly all modern computer devices work, whether or not with EFI/UEFI(even without "onboard firmware", older computers still employed bank switching, or similar methods with snap-in firmware, cartridges, etc.) 2.On startup there is no "programs" running in the traditional sense yet, i.e. no kernel, OS, user-applications; all of the instructions, especially the very first instruction, is specified by the Instruction Pointer, I am guessing. How is the IP/PC/etc. set to first point to an address for a BIOS/firmware/etc. instruction, and how do the BIOS instructions map themself out in memory prior to startup? 3.Aside from MMIO, BIOS uses certain RAM addresses to have instructions. The big ? comes in when I ask this ... how does BIOS do this? Conclusion: I am assuming that with the very first instruction there is an initial hardware setup for BIOS prior to complete OS bootup. What I want to know is if it's hardware engineered to always work this way, if there's another step in this bootup method I am missing, a gap of information I am unaware of, or how this all works from the very first instruction, and the RAM data itself.

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• Industrial strength cloud file storage

  - by ArthurG

  I'm looking for an industrial strength cloud file storage system. It will be used by multiple people in a startup. Our requirements: Transparent file system access: files and folders in the file system must be able transparently access (read and write) files in the cloud; files must be synchronized whenever network access is available and buffered otherwise. The system must be usable by non-technical people. Access control: we need to control who can access which files, at least on a very coarse basis. e.g., the developers will be able to access the system design documents, only the corporate folks can access recruiting documents, and only management can access certain corporate documents. Dropbox provides this via Sharing folders, but that's not adequate, if I understand it correctly, because there's no authentication of the sharing user. so the cloud service should have a notion of an account (our startup) with multiple users with distinct credentials and rights for each user Clients: it must be accessible from Macs and PCs; I would hope that it supports Linux (e.g., Ubuntu) too Security: it must provide robust security Backup: the cloud service must reliably backup the files Versioning: change version history, is a big plus, but not required Not free: we're willing to pay for the service So far, we've reviewed the following, albeit not completely thoroughly: Dropbox: has all except 1) Access control, which is provided via Sharing folders, but that's not adequate, if I understand it correctly, because there's no authentication of the sharing user. and 2) Security, as discussed here http://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2011/05/internet_security and here http://blog.dropbox.com/?p=821. Windows Live Mesh, has all except 1) Clients, only supporting Windows 7 and OS X. SpiderOak has all, except 1) Transparent file system access, which is only available for 1 user. Amazon Cloud, doesn't offer 1) Transparent file system access Rackspace Cloud Drive has all except 1) Access control and 2) Versioning I'll gladly include any clarifications or additional systems the community provides. Arthur

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