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• How to Track Duplicate Downloads

  - by user1089173

  I have a product and we are running a campaign for it to allow users to download a trial version. My questions is there any way to detect multiple downloads from the same computer but behind a proxy. For example if a person uses a proxy server, changes his/her ip and downloads our trial version multiple times from different Ip's, is there a way to detect that it is the same person who's downloading the s/w. We use only Name and Email addresses to be entered before downloading our s/w and that can easily be created. We cannot add any other fields to the form (like phoneno.)

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• Using VMWare Workstation, to convert a physical Win2008 into a templtae

  - by SndLt

  I'm new to VMware and despite having read the documentations, I'm having trouble. I'm using VMware workstation Stand-Alone package to turn a physical Win Server 2008 R2 into a usable VM appliance. The source and destination part is getting me here. It seems using keyword "localhost" doesn't cut all the way through. Does the shared folder have to be in my local drive for that matter? For ip, am I using the simple private IP that my nearest DHCP has given me? But what if I have more than one interfaces that have two or three different private ip addresses? Thanks.

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• Ports do not open after rules appended in iptables

  - by user2699451

  I have a server that I am trying to setup for OpenVPN. I have followed all the steps, but I see that when I try to connect to it in Windows, it doesn't allow me, it just hangs on connecting, so I did a nmap scan and I see that port 1194 is not open so naturally I append the rule to open 1194 with: iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT followed by service iptables save and service iptables restart which all executed successfully. Then I try again, but it doesn't work and another nmap scan says that port 1194 is closed. Here is the iptables configuration: # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.7 on Thu Oct 31 09:47:38 2013 *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [27410:3091993] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [5042:376160] -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE -A POSTROUTING -j SNAT --to-source 41.185.26.238 -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE COMMIT # Completed on Thu Oct 31 09:47:38 2013 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.7 on Thu Oct 31 09:47:38 2013 *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [23571:2869068] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [27558:3656524] :vl - [0:0] -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 5252 -m comment --comment "SSH Secure" -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -m state --state NEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHED -$ -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -m comment --comment "SSH" -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -m comment --comment "HTTP" -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 8080 -m comment --comment "HTTPS" -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -m comment --comment "HTTP Encrypted" -j ACCEP$ -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 1723 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p gre -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i ppp+ -o eth0 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o ppp+ -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -s 10.8.0.0/24 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable -A OUTPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j A$ COMMIT # Completed on Thu Oct 31 09:47:38 2013 and my nmap scan from: localhost: nmap localhost Starting Nmap 5.51 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2013-10-31 09:53 SAST Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1) Host is up (0.000011s latency). Other addresses for localhost (not scanned): 127.0.0.1 Not shown: 996 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE 22/tcp open ssh 25/tcp open smtp 443/tcp open https 1723/tcp open pptp Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.06 seconds remote pc: nmap [server ip] Starting Nmap 6.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2013-10-31 09:53 SAST Nmap scan report for rla04-nix1.wadns.net (41.185.26.238) Host is up (0.025s latency). Not shown: 858 filtered ports, 139 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE 22/tcp open ssh 443/tcp open https 8008/tcp open http Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 15.70 seconds So, I do not know what is causing this, any assistance will be appreciated! UPDATE AFTER FIRST ANSWER::: [root@RLA04-NIX1 ~]# iptables -A FORWARD -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT [root@RLA04-NIX1 ~]# iptables -A FORWARD -s 10.8.0.0/24 -j ACCEPT [root@RLA04-NIX1 ~]# iptables -A FORWARD -j REJECT [root@RLA04-NIX1 ~]# iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE [root@RLA04-NIX1 ~]# service iptables save iptables: Saving firewall rules to /etc/sysconfig/iptables:[ OK ] [root@RLA04-NIX1 ~]# service iptables restart iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ] iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter nat [ OK ] iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ] iptables: Applying firewall rules: [ OK ] [root@RLA04-NIX1 ~]# lsof -i :1194 -bash: lsof: command not found iptables -L -n Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:5252 /* SSH Secure */ ACCEPT icmp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 icmp type 8 state NEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:22 /* SSH */ ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80 /* HTTP */ ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:8080 /* HTTPS */ ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:443 /* HTTP Encrypted */ ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:1723 ACCEPT 47 -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ACCEPT udp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:1194 Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT all -- 10.8.0.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT all -- 10.8.0.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT icmp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 icmp type 0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED Chain vl (0 references) target prot opt source destination [root@RLA04-NIX1 ~]# nmap localhostt Starting Nmap 5.51 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2013-10-31 11:13 SAST remote pc nmap [server ip] Starting Nmap 6.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2013-10-31 11:11 SAST Nmap scan report for rla04-nix1.wadns.net (41.185.26.238) Host is up (0.020s latency). Not shown: 858 filtered ports, 139 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE 22/tcp open ssh 443/tcp open https 8008/tcp open http Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 4.18 seconds localhost nmap localhost Starting Nmap 5.51 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2013-10-31 11:13 SAST Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1) Host is up (0.000011s latency). Other addresses for localhost (not scanned): 127.0.0.1 Not shown: 996 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE 22/tcp open ssh 25/tcp open smtp 443/tcp open https 1723/tcp open pptp Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.06 seconds UPDATE AFTER SCANNING UDP PORTS Sorry, I am noob, I am still learning, but here is the output for: nmap -sU [server ip] Starting Nmap 6.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2013-10-31 11:33 SAST Nmap scan report for [server address] ([server ip]) Host is up (0.021s latency). Not shown: 997 open|filtered ports PORT STATE SERVICE 53/udp closed domain 123/udp closed ntp 33459/udp closed unknown Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 8.57 seconds btw, no changes have been made since post started (except for iptables changes)

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• Using 2 Transparent HAProxy for load balancing

  - by Nyxynyx

  We can configure HAProxy to be a transparent proxy by using the guide here, where one of the steps says ...to put the backend servers in a different subnet to the front end clients and make sure that the default gateway points back at the HAProxy load balancer. However when we need to have 2 transparent HAProxy in front of our balanced servers (for redundancy), it seems like this wont work as we can only set one gateway for our balanced servers. What will be the correct way to setup the system such that we can have 2 transparent HAProxy infront of the balanced servers? The main reason for having transparent proxies is the need to find the client's IP addresses over TCP.

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• Why should I use Firewall Zones and not just Address Objects?

  - by SRobertJames

  I appreciate Firewall Address Objects and Address Groups - they simplify management by letting me give a name to a group of addresses. But I don't understand what Firewall Zones (LAN, WAN, DMZ, etc.) do for me over Address Groups. I know all firewalls have them, so there must be a good reason. But what do I gain by stating a rule applies to all traffic from LAN Zone to WAN Zone which comes from LAN Address Group to WAN Address Group? Why not just mention the Address Groups?

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• How do I backup Firefox add-on like "Fastdial" addon for a reinstall?

  - by danacon

  I am doing a new install of Firefox and over the years my Windows "roaming folder" I use for backup has gotten all clogged up from so many add-ons and crap... I want to backup just a couple Firefox add-on's, one is "Fast dial" How do I backup this add-on and its addresses for when I reinstall Firefox and the add-on, so It will go back to where it is now? Most add-on's have a backup feature like "too many tabs" bookmarks and such but fast dial doesn't? so How do I backup this add-on? and /or addons like it without a backup feature? Thanks in advance any help or options would be a big help. Dana

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• Exchange enrypted messages with a single recipient

  - by Andy

  I need to exchange encrypted messages with another party. These would be in the form of email like communication (not instant chat). The solution needs to be portable (USB stick). I've tried "Portable Thunderbird/Enigmail/Gnupg/Hotmail account" but it's just impossible to setup portable, countless meaningless error messages. Anyway, I would prefer something more straightforward. Notes: We won't know each others IP addresses. Our computers will often be switched off. Encryption would ideally be using a common password. Is there a solution to this?

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• Implementing Variable Envelope Return Path (VERP) using Exchange

  - by iammichael

  We're looking into implementing Variable Envelope Return Path (VERP) for improved bounce processing for our application. Our current mail infrastructure is MS Exchange 2007 but are in the process of upgrading to 2010. We're also implementing Postini for spam filtering. Exchange doesn't support sub-addressing (see also this question on disposable addresses) -- and VERP is somewhat of a specialized application of sub-addressing. Are there any options for implementing VERP in Exchange without putting another non-Exchange SMTP relay in front of Exchange to pre-process incoming messages? Specifically could a transport rule be created that could match against the target (non-existing) recipient, store that recipient address in a special header added to the message, and redirect the message to a pre-created mailbox? Note: we have developer resources available if custom code could be used somehow.

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• vSphere ESX 5.5 hosts cannot connect to NFS Server

  - by Gerald

  Summary: My problem is I cannot use the QNAP NFS Server as an NFS datastore from my ESX hosts despite the hosts being able to ping it. I'm utilising a vDS with LACP uplinks for all my network traffic (including NFS) and a subnet for each vmkernel adapter. Setup: I'm evaluating vSphere and I've got two vSphere ESX 5.5 hosts (node1 and node2) and each one has 4x NICs. I've teamed them all up using LACP/802.3ad with my switch and then created a distributed switch between the two hosts with each host's LAG as the uplink. All my networking is going through the distributed switch, ideally, I want to take advantage of DRS and the redundancy. I have a domain controller VM ("Central") and vCenter VM ("vCenter") running on node1 (using node1's local datastore) with both hosts attached to the vCenter instance. Both hosts are in a vCenter datacenter and a cluster with HA and DRS currently disabled. I have a QNAP TS-669 Pro (Version 4.0.3) (TS-x69 series is on VMware Storage HCL) which I want to use as the NFS server for my NFS datastore, it has 2x NICs teamed together using 802.3ad with my switch. vmkernel.log: The error from the host's vmkernel.log is not very useful: NFS: 157: Command: (mount) Server: (10.1.2.100) IP: (10.1.2.100) Path: (/VM) Label (datastoreNAS) Options: (None) cpu9:67402)StorageApdHandler: 698: APD Handle 509bc29f-13556457 Created with lock[StorageApd0x411121] cpu10:67402)StorageApdHandler: 745: Freeing APD Handle [509bc29f-13556457] cpu10:67402)StorageApdHandler: 808: APD Handle freed! cpu10:67402)NFS: 168: NFS mount 10.1.2.100:/VM failed: Unable to connect to NFS server. Network Setup: Here is my distributed switch setup (JPG). Here are my networks. 10.1.1.0/24 VM Management (VLAN 11) 10.1.2.0/24 Storage Network (NFS, VLAN 12) 10.1.3.0/24 VM vMotion (VLAN 13) 10.1.4.0/24 VM Fault Tolerance (VLAN 14) 10.2.0.0/24 VM's Network (VLAN 20) vSphere addresses 10.1.1.1 node1 Management 10.1.1.2 node2 Management 10.1.2.1 node1 vmkernel (For NFS) 10.1.2.2 node2 vmkernel (For NFS) etc. Other addresses 10.1.2.100 QNAP TS-669 (NFS Server) 10.2.0.1 Domain Controller (VM on node1) 10.2.0.2 vCenter (VM on node1) I'm using a Cisco SRW2024P Layer-2 switch (Jumboframes enabled) with the following setup: LACP LAG1 for node1 (Ports 1 through 4) setup as VLAN trunk for VLANs 11-14,20 LACP LAG2 for my router (Ports 5 through 8) setup as VLAN trunk for VLANs 11-14,20 LACP LAG3 for node2 (Ports 9 through 12) setup as VLAN trunk for VLANs 11-14,20 LACP LAG4 for the QNAP (Ports 23 and 24) setup to accept untagged traffic into VLAN 12 Each subnet is routable to another, although, connections to the NFS server from vmk1 shouldn't need it. All other traffic (vSphere Web Client, RDP etc.) goes through this setup fine. I tested the QNAP NFS server beforehand using ESX host VMs atop of a VMware Workstation setup with a dedicated physical NIC and it had no problems. The ACL on the NFS Server share is permissive and allows all subnet ranges full access to the share. I can ping the QNAP from node1 vmk1, the adapter that should be used to NFS: ~ # vmkping -I vmk1 10.1.2.100 PING 10.1.2.100 (10.1.2.100): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 10.1.2.100: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.371 ms 64 bytes from 10.1.2.100: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.161 ms 64 bytes from 10.1.2.100: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.241 ms Netcat does not throw an error: ~ # nc -z 10.1.2.100 2049 Connection to 10.1.2.100 2049 port [tcp/nfs] succeeded! The routing table of node1: ~ # esxcfg-route -l VMkernel Routes: Network Netmask Gateway Interface 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 Local Subnet vmk0 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 Local Subnet vmk1 10.1.3.0 255.255.255.0 Local Subnet vmk2 10.1.4.0 255.255.255.0 Local Subnet vmk3 default 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.254 vmk0 VM Kernel NIC info ~ # esxcfg-vmknic -l Interface Port Group/DVPort IP Family IP Address Netmask Broadcast MAC Address MTU TSO MSS Enabled Type vmk0 133 IPv4 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.255 00:50:56:66:8e:5f 1500 65535 true STATIC vmk0 133 IPv6 fe80::250:56ff:fe66:8e5f 64 00:50:56:66:8e:5f 1500 65535 true STATIC, PREFERRED vmk1 164 IPv4 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0 10.1.2.255 00:50:56:68:f5:1f 1500 65535 true STATIC vmk1 164 IPv6 fe80::250:56ff:fe68:f51f 64 00:50:56:68:f5:1f 1500 65535 true STATIC, PREFERRED vmk2 196 IPv4 10.1.3.1 255.255.255.0 10.1.3.255 00:50:56:66:18:95 1500 65535 true STATIC vmk2 196 IPv6 fe80::250:56ff:fe66:1895 64 00:50:56:66:18:95 1500 65535 true STATIC, PREFERRED vmk3 228 IPv4 10.1.4.1 255.255.255.0 10.1.4.255 00:50:56:72:e6:ca 1500 65535 true STATIC vmk3 228 IPv6 fe80::250:56ff:fe72:e6ca 64 00:50:56:72:e6:ca 1500 65535 true STATIC, PREFERRED Things I've tried/checked: I'm not using DNS names to connect to the NFS server. Checked MTU. Set to 9000 for vmk1, dvSwitch and Cisco switch and QNAP. Moved QNAP onto VLAN 11 (VM Management, vmk0) and gave it an appropriate address, still had same issue. Changed back afterwards of course. Tried initiating the connection of NAS datastore from vSphere Client (Connected to vCenter or directly to host), vSphere Web Client and the host's ESX Shell. All resulted in the same problem. Tried a path name of "VM", "/VM" and "/share/VM" despite not even having a connection to server. I plugged in a linux system (10.1.2.123) into a switch port configured for VLAN 12 and tried mounting the NFS share 10.1.2.100:/VM, it worked successfully and I had read-write access to it I tried disabling the firewall on the ESX host esxcli network firewall set --enabled false I'm out of ideas on what to try next. The things I'm doing differently from my VMware Workstation setup is the use of LACP with a physical switch and a virtual distributed switch between the two hosts. I'm guessing the vDS is probably the source of my troubles but I don't know how to fix this problem without eliminating it.

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• Does Dynamic DNS require separate subdomains?

  - by kce

  Hello. I have a functioning DHCP/DNS (ISC Bind 9.6, DHCP 3.1.1) server running on Debian that I would like to add DynamicDNS functionality to. I have a pretty simple question: Does DynamicDNS require (or recommend) separate sub-domains? I have seen a few tutorials where the the clients that are acquiring their IP addresses and other networking information via DHCP are on a different sub-domain as the servers which are statically configured (both in terms of IP, and DNS). For example: All the clients are on ws.example.org and the servers on example.org. Right now all of our servers and clients are in the same domain (example.org) but spread across different zone files (because we have multiple subnets). The clients are configured with DHCP and the servers are configured statically. If I want to setup DynamicDNS for the clients should I use a separate sub-domain? What's the best practice here (and why or why not would it be a bad idea to do otherwise)? Thanks.

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• CARP: two machines think they're the master, but only on one interface

  - by Conor McDermottroe

  I have two machines, each configured identically as a firewall/load balancer for a busy website. I have set them up with CARP and pfsync on both the internal and external interfaces. The internal interface is behaving as expected (primary listed as MASTER and secondary listed as BACKUP) On both machines, the network interfaces are as follows: em0 - External interface bge0 - Internal interface bge1 - Crossover connection between both machines carp0 - Shared external interface for CARP carp1 - Shared internal interface for CARP I've rewritten the IP addresses and MAC addresses below. The networks are as follows: 10.0.1.0/24 - External network 10.0.2.0/24 - Internal network 10.0.3.0/24 - Crossover network Here's the output from ifconfig on the primary: em0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=19b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM,TSO4> ether [SNIP] inet 10.0.1.10 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.1.255 media: Ethernet 100baseTX <full-duplex> status: active bge0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=9b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM> ether [SNIP] inet 10.0.2.10 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.2.255 media: Ethernet 1000baseT <full-duplex> status: active bge1: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=9b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM> ether [SNIP] inet 10.0.3.10 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.3.255 media: Ethernet 1000baseT <full-duplex> status: active lo0: flags=80c9<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,NOARP,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 16384 options=3<RXCSUM,TXCSUM> inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 pflog0: flags=141<UP,RUNNING,PROMISC> metric 0 mtu 33152 pfsync0: flags=0<> metric 0 mtu 1460 pfsync: syncdev: bge1 syncpeer: 10.0.3.11 maxupd: 128 carp0: flags=49<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> metric 0 mtu 1500 inet 10.0.1.5 netmask 0xffffff00 carp: MASTER vhid 1 advbase 1 advskew 0 carp1: flags=49<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> metric 0 mtu 1500 inet 10.0.2.5 netmask 0xffffff00 carp: MASTER vhid 2 advbase 1 advskew 0 And here's the /etc/rc.conf excerpt from the primary: defaultrouter="10.0.1.1" network_interfaces="em0 bge0 bge1 lo0 pfsync0" cloned_interfaces="carp0 carp1" ifconfig_em0="inet 10.0.1.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 media 100BaseTX mediaopt full-duplex" ifconfig_bge0="inet 10.0.2.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 media 1000BaseTX mediaopt full-duplex" ifconfig_bge1="inet 10.0.3.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 media 1000BaseTX mediaopt full-duplex" ifconfig_carp0="vhid 1 pass [SNIP] 10.0.1.5/24" ifconfig_carp1="vhid 2 pass [SNIP] 10.0.2.5/24" pfsync_enable="YES" pfsync_syncdev="bge1" pfsync_syncpeer="10.0.3.11" And here's the output on the secondary: em0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=19b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM,TSO4> ether [SNIP] inet 10.0.1.11 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.1.255 media: Ethernet 100baseTX <full-duplex> status: active bge0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=9b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM> ether [SNIP] inet 10.0.2.11 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.2.255 media: Ethernet 1000baseT <full-duplex> status: active bge1: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=9b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM> ether [SNIP] inet 10.0.3.11 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.3.255 media: Ethernet 1000baseT <full-duplex> status: active lo0: flags=80c9<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,NOARP,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 16384 options=3<RXCSUM,TXCSUM> inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 pflog0: flags=141<UP,RUNNING,PROMISC> metric 0 mtu 33152 pfsync0: flags=0<> metric 0 mtu 1460 pfsync: syncdev: bge1 syncpeer: 10.0.3.10 maxupd: 128 carp0: flags=49<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> metric 0 mtu 1500 inet 10.0.1.5 netmask 0xffffff00 carp: MASTER vhid 1 advbase 1 advskew 20 carp1: flags=49<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> metric 0 mtu 1500 inet 10.0.2.5 netmask 0xffffff00 carp: BACKUP vhid 2 advbase 1 advskew 20 And here's the /etc/rc.conf excerpt from the secondary: defaultrouter="10.0.1.1" network_interfaces="em0 bge0 bge1 lo0 pfsync0" cloned_interfaces="carp0 carp1" ifconfig_em0="inet 10.0.1.11 netmask 255.255.255.0 media 100BaseTX mediaopt full-duplex" ifconfig_bge0="inet 10.0.2.11 netmask 255.255.255.0 media 1000BaseTX mediaopt full-duplex" ifconfig_bge1="inet 10.0.3.11 netmask 255.255.255.0 media 1000BaseTX mediaopt full-duplex" ifconfig_carp0="vhid 1 pass [SNIP] advskew 20 10.0.1.5/24" ifconfig_carp1="vhid 2 pass [SNIP] advskew 20 10.0.2.5/24" pfsync_enable="YES" pfsync_syncdev="bge1" pfsync_syncpeer="10.0.3.10" What I don't understand is, the carp status on carp0 is MASTER on both machines when the status on carp1 is as it should be (MASTER on the primary and BACKUP on the secondary). What am I missing? Where should I be looking for clues?

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• Amazon EC2 SQL Server Connection

  - by cnxmax

  I have two instances running on Amazon AWS EC2. One is running MSSQL Server 2005, the other is running a web application. I CAN connect to the database in my app using a connection string that references the Public IP of my EC2 instance running SQL Server. I CANNOT connect from the web app server if I change the connection string to reference the database servers Private IP Address. But I can connect if I run that same code on the database server itself. I can remote desktop from the app server to the database server using the private IP. I have a feeling there is something in my SQL Sever configuration that is preventing this remote connection. I have remote connections enabled, I have it set to listen on all IP addresses. Any ideas? Other things I've done: - Added exceptions to Windows Firewall - Tried connecting to using EC2 DNS Names

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• RewriteCond in .htaccess file gives me bad flag delimiters

  - by Steven

  I'm upgrading a website and I use this .htaccess file to show maintenance page: #MAINTENANCE-PAGE REDIRECT RewriteEngine on RewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} !^127\.0\.0\.0 # Bogus IP address for posting here RewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} !^127\.0\.0\.0 # Bogus IP address for posting here RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/maintenance\.html$ RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.mysite.no/maintenance.html [R=307,L] This opens the maintenance page for all users except the two IP addresses I've added. They get an Internal Server Error. I've used thesame script on another site, and that worked fine. Looking at the error log, I see the following: /var/www/vhosts/mysite.no/httpdocs/.htaccess: RewriteCond: bad flag delimiters If I remove my .htaccess file, I can work with my site just fine. My site is hosted on a VPN using CentOS 5. How can I fix this problem?

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• SNMPD - passing values in a trap

  - by ethrbunny

  Im trying to create an SNMP setup to monitor 500-1K machines. Each will be joined to the SNMPTRAPD server via a VPN. When the client system sends its messages, it's sending its internal address instead of the VPN address even though the 'trapsync' command is using the VPN. This will be a problem as many of these system will have DHCP addresses based on location so there will be overlap. What I'd like to figure out is how to pass extra values with the trap so I can identify which system a given trap comes from.

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• Netinstalling CentOS if the gateway is in a different subnet

  - by James Lawrie

  I have a KVM host (A) running a virtual machine (B). They each have their own external IP address and the networking is setup using bridging between eth0 and br0 on A. B uses eth0, with A being the gateway. The problem is that the two external IP addresses are on different subnets (different /8s in fact) so by default, B claims it cannot reach A (Network Unreachable). I can resolve this by adding a static route on B: echo "any host gateway_ip dev eth0" > /etc/sysconfig/static-routes Modifying /etc/init.d/networking to reload the gateway after applying static routes (I only added the final line before fi): if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/static-routes ]; then grep "^any" /etc/sysconfig/static-routes | while read ignore args ; do /sbin/route add -$args done route add default gw "${GATEWAY}" fi If I then restart networking, it comes online. How can I do this (or work around it some other way) prior to the system being installed, ideally inside an Anaconda kickstart file?

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• Configure Windows Routes for VPN

  - by Florin Sabau

  I have a Virtual PC/VMWare machine that runs Windows Server 2003. This virtual machine uses an IPSec VPN client program to connect to a remote network. I configured the virtual machine to have 2 NICs: NAT - to be used by the VPN Client to access the remote network Host only - to be able to access the virtual machine from the host The reason I have this setup is because I want to be able to access some remote network from the host machine. I could've installed the VPN client on the host machine, but the host runs Windows 7 and the client doesn't support it. The problem: although the virtual machine is normally reachable (ping + http access), as soon as the VPN client is started, neither of the NIC addresses are reachable anymore. I'm wondering if it is a routing problem that needs to be addressed? How do routing/VPN client connection affect the ability of the server to respond to client requests from the host?

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• Updating Cisco VPN config to add vpnc support

  - by Igor Kuzmitshov

  I have a Cisco 1841 configured for VPN connections of two types: Peer-to-peer for partners' routers (IPsec) — using different crypto isakmp key and crypto map with set peer, set transform-set, match address for every peer (same map name, different priorities). That crypto map name is added to the WAN interface. Client access (PPTP) — using vpdn-group with accept-dialin protocol pptp. Now, a new partner wants to connect using vpnc client. The latter needs IPSec ID (group name) and IPSec secret in addition to username and password. I guess that IPSec secret is pre-shared key that can be specified in crypto isakmp key on Cisco. But I could not find any VPN tutorials involving groups. Hence, my questions: How to add IPSec ID (group name) and IPSec secret on Cisco router for vpnc connections? Should I add a new crypto map matching all addresses as well? Is it possible to add this configuration without breaking the existing setup? Thank you.

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• Forwarding emails from a domain

  - by Euwyn

  I generally use Google Apps to handle email domains. I'm unfortunately stuck in an infinite loop with Google [1] for one the domains I recently picked up. Right now I use Zerigo's awesome DNS services. How can I get [email protected] forwarded to my Gmail account? Better yet if this is a free/cheap solution and can work with multiple aliases going to different real email addresses ([email protected] - [email protected], [email protected] - [email protected]) [1] Long story. I alternate between "Sorry, you've reached a login page for a domain that isn't using Google Apps." and "This domain has already been registered with Google Apps." Seems like many others are having this issue and Google isn't doing anything about it.

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• Is there a work around to configure brightness or color on a DisplayLink monitor?

  - by shaneykakes

  I run 3 monitors in addition to my laptop display at work - two of the monitors are using DisplayLink adapters. I've always thought that all my displays were too bright (and possibly give me headaches?) - even after I reduced their brightness as far as possible using the monitor menus and the nvidia software control panel. Recently I installed f.lux - I love it's "halogen" color profile which has improved my life considerably. The problem is that f.lux has no effect on/will not adjust the color & brightness of my two DisplayLink monitors. F.lux has a faq (#4 under troubleshooting) that addresses this - saying DisplayLink has no support for color calibration so f.lux only works with monitors "directly connected to your computer". Does anyone know of a work around? Specifically a way to use windows color management/profiles (or some other software) to adjust the brightness/color tone of DisplayLink monitors? Thanks in advance!

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• Remove all HTTP bindings from an IIS 6 site while leaving SSL bindings

  - by MikeBaz

  We have a (remote, via a reseller) customer who configured their IIS6 server to not have any port 80 HTTP bindings, only port 443 SSL bindings. We would like to reproduce this without going through the three layers (!) to get to the customer to test some error scenerios. However, whenever I try to get IIS to not listen on IIS at all, I can't do it. If I do it in the UI, either leaving in the main properties page, or in the advanced bindings page, the UI does not let me proceed. If I remove the HTTP ServerBindings from the metabase.xml directly, IIS makes it port 80, all unassigned addresses anyway. Is there a way to get to the "SSL only" state naturally? Please note I am NOT talking about the "require SSL" checkbox or underlying metabase setting, as that still listens on port 80 (or whatever) to give the "SSL required" error message. I'm talking about not having any bindings listed at all for HTTP.

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• Using standard e-mail address as user system wide name

  - by PeterMmm

  I'm going to re-build a very old Lotus Notes infrastructure coming from 4.x towards 8.5. I'm trying to setup Domino so that all user names should be of a single string or the internet e-mail address. For example the user "John Smith/ACME" should be in the whole system jsmith or [email protected] . I still get jsmith/ACME all around. Where it is most annoying is in the NAB when creating a new message. Is there a way to get all addresses in uniform standard e-mail adress format at least in mail ? The mixup in the destination like "John Smith/ACME, [email protected]" confused the users.

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• Weighted round robins via TTL - possible?

  - by Joe Hopfgartner

  I currently use DNS round robin for load balancing, which works great. The records look like this (I have a ttl of 120 seconds) ;; ANSWER SECTION: orion.2x.to. 116 IN A 80.237.201.41 orion.2x.to. 116 IN A 87.230.54.12 orion.2x.to. 116 IN A 87.230.100.10 orion.2x.to. 116 IN A 87.230.51.65 I learned that not every ISP / device treats such a response the same way. For example some DNS servers rotate the addresses randomly or always cycle them through. Some just propagate the first entry, others try to determine which is best (regionally near) by looking at the ip address. However if the userbase is big enough (spreads over multiple ISPs etc) it balances pretty well. The discrepancies from highest to lowest loaded server hardly every exceeds 15%. However now I have the problem that I am introducing more servers into the systems, that not all have the same capacities. I currently only have 1gbps servers, but I want to work with 100mbit and also 10gbps servers too. So what I want is I want to introduce a server with 10 GBps with a weight of 100, a 1 gbps server with a weight of 10 and a 100 mbit server with a weight of 1. I used to add servers twice to bring more traffic to them (which worked nice. the bandwidth doubled almost.) But adding a 10gbit server 100 times to DNS is a bit rediculous. So I thought about using the TTL. If I give server A 240 seconds ttl and server B only 120 seconds (which is about about the minimum to use for round robin, as a lot of dns servers set to 120 if a lower ttl is specified.. so i have heard) I think something like this should occour in an ideal scenario: first 120 seconds 50% of requests get server A -> keep it for 240 seconds. 50% of requests get server B -> keep it for 120 seconds second 120 seconds 50% of requests still have server A cached -> keep it for another 120 seconds. 25% of requests get server A -> keep it for 240 seconds 25% of requests get server B -> keep it for 120 seconds third 120 seconds 25% will get server A (from the 50% of Server A that now expired) -> cache 240 sec 25% will get server B (from the 50% of Server A that now expired) -> cache 120 sec 25% will have server A cached for another 120 seconds 12.5% will get server B (from the 25% of server B that now expired) -> cache 120sec 12.5% will get server A (from the 25% of server B that now expired) -> cache 240 sec fourth 120 seconds 25% will have server A cached -> cache for another 120 secs 12.5% will get server A (from the 25% of b that now expired) -> cache 240 secs 12.5% will get server B (from the 25% of b that now expired) -> cache 120 secs 12.5% will get server A (from the 25% of a that now expired) -> cache 240 secs 12.5% will get server B (from the 25% of a that now expired) -> cache 120 secs 6.25% will get server A (from the 12.5% of b that now expired) -> cache 240 secs 6.25% will get server B (from the 12.5% of b that now expired) -> cache 120 secs 12.5% will have server A cached -> cache another 120 secs ... i think i lost something at this point but i think you get the idea.... As you can see this gets pretty complicated to predict and it will for sure not work out like this in practice. But it should definitely have an effect on the distribution! I know that weighted round robin exists and is just controlled by the root server. It just cycles through dns records when responding and returns dns records with a set propability that corresponds to the weighting. My DNS server does not support this, and my requirements are not that precise. If it doesnt weight perfectly its okay, but it should go into the right direction. I think using the TTL field could be a more elegant and easier solution - and it deosnt require a dns server that controls this dynamically, which saves resources - which is in my opinion the whole point of dns load balancing vs hardware load balancers. My question now is... are there any best prectices / methos / rules of thumb to weight round robin distribution using the TTL attribute of DNS records? Edit: The system is a forward proxy server system. The amount of Bandwidth (not requests) exceeds what one single server with ethernet can handle. So I need a balancing solution that distributes the bandwidth to several servers. Are there any alternative methods than using DNS? Of course I can use a load balancer with fibre channel etc, but the costs are rediciulous and it also increases only the width of the bottleneck and does not eliminate it. The only thing i can think of are anycast (is it anycast or multicast?) ip addresses, but I don't have the means to set up such a system.

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• Email forwarding via spf record

  - by Y.G.J

  I have old-domain.co.il with several emails and a new-domain.co.il with the same email addresses. I don't want to connect my domain to a server via mx to make that transfer via email server. Is it possible to have a SPF record that get an email like [email protected] and transfer it to [email protected]? The new domain is on google apps and the old domain can be connected to the same apps, but how to do it, so emails will arrive only to the new one?

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• Personal DNS server and fallback outside home

  - by Jens

  I have my own DNS server at home to access local names, and that is working fine. Then I have my laptop, now obviously my laptop leaves the home now and then, therefore it accesses different nets outside my home, and my DNS server is not accessible there... So I figured that I would just add Google as secondary DNS... But actually, when I do that, then suddenly I can't access my local stuff (at home that is, obviously), like my laptop is getting a quicker response from Google's DNS or something, because it can't find anything on the addresses I use locally. If I then remove the secondary DNS, and keeps my own, then it works fine again... So do I somehow need to seperate what DNS's to use on what nets? I already use sepperate DNS settings when I connect using my 3G modem, but when I use hotspots it seems to use the same settings regardless (at least in the train), also can it differ wired connections?... Is there another solution?

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• What is a good custom MAC address? [closed]

  - by rausch

  My new notebook has been dropping the WiFi connection infrequently. The reason was, that my PS3 had the same MAC address. I changed the MAC address of my notebook and the WiFi is now stable. At first I just reduced the address' last block by 1, which happened to be the MAC address of another device. I reduced it again and for now it's fine. In order to avoid conflicts in the future, is there an address range that is safe to use for custom/non-vendor MAC addresses?

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