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• UML Diagrams of Multi-Threaded Applications

  - by PersonalNexus

  For single-threaded applications I like to use class diagrams to get an overview of the architecture of that application. This type of diagram, however, hasn’t been very helpful when trying to understand heavily multi-threaded/concurrent applications, for instance because different instances of a class "live" on different threads (meaning accessing an instance is save only from the one thread it lives on). Consequently, associations between classes don’t necessarily mean that I can call methods on those objects, but instead I have to make that call on the target object's thread. Most literature I have dug up on the topic such as Designing Concurrent, Distributed, and Real-Time Applications with UML by Hassan Gomaa had some nice ideas, such as drawing thread boundaries into object diagrams, but overall seemed a bit too academic and wordy to be really useful. I don’t want to use these diagrams as a high-level view of the problem domain, but rather as a detailed description of my classes/objects, their interactions and the limitations due to thread-boundaries I mentioned above. I would therefore like to know: What types of diagrams have you found to be most helpful in understanding multi-threaded applications? Are there any extensions to classic UML that take into account the peculiarities of multi-threaded applications, e.g. through annotations illustrating that some objects might live in a certain thread while others have no thread-affinity; some fields of an object may be read from any thread, but written to only from one; some methods are synchronous and return a result while others are asynchronous that get requests queued up and return results for instance via a callback on a different thread.

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• How is thread synchronization implemented, at the assembly language level?

  - by Martin

  While I'm familiar with concurrent programming concepts such as mutexes and semaphores, I have never understood how they are implemented at the assembly language level. I imagine there being a set of memory "flags" saying: lock A is held by thread 1 lock B is held by thread 3 lock C is not held by any thread etc But how is access to these flags synchronized between threads? Something like this naive example would only create a race condition: mov edx, [myThreadId] wait: cmp [lock], 0 jne wait mov [lock], edx ; I wanted an exclusive lock but the above ; three instructions are not an atomic operation :(

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• Is a signal sent with kill to a parent thread guaranteed to be processed before the next statement?

  - by Jonathan M Davis

  Okay, so if I'm running in a child thread on linux (using pthreads if that matters), and I run the following command kill(getpid(), someSignal); it will send the given signal to the parent of the current thread. My question: Is it guaranteed that the parent will then immediately get the CPU and process the signal (killing the app if it's a SIGKILL or doing whatever else if it's some other signal) before the statement following kill() is run? Or is it possible - even probable - that whatever command follows kill() will run before the signal is processed by the parent thread?

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• How do you call a generic method on a thread?

  - by cw

  How would I call a method with the below header on a thread? public void ReadObjectAsync<T>(string filename) { // Can't use T in a delegate, moved it to a parameter. ThreadStart ts = delegate() { ReadObjectAcync(filename, typeof(T)); }; Thread th = new Thread(ts); th.IsBackground = true; th.Start(); } private void ReadObjectAcync(string filename, Type t) { // HOW? } public T ReadObject<T>(string filename) { // Deserializes a file to a type. }

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• Java: Stopping a thread that has run for too long?

  - by Thomas King

  Say I've got something like this public void run(){ Thread behaviourThread = new Thread(abstractBehaviours[i]); behaviourThread.start(); } And I want to wait until abstractBehaviours[i] run method has either finished or run for 5000 milliseconds. How do I do that? behaviourThread.join(5000) doesn't seem to do that afaik (something is wrong with my code and I've put it down to that). All the abstract abstractBehaviour class is of course Runnable. I don't want to implement it inside each run method as that seems ugly and there are many different behaviours, I'd much rather have it in the calling/executing thread and do it just once. Solutions? First time doing something as threaded as this. Thanks!

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• I/O Asynchronous Completion

  - by lockedscope

  In the following, it is said that an I/O handle must be associated with the thread pool but i could not find where in the given example an handle is associated with the thread. Which function or code helps to bind the file handle in that example? Using asynchronous I/O completion events, a thread from the thread pool processes data only when the data is received, and once the data has been processed, the thread returns to the thread pool. To make an asynchronous I/O call, an operating-system I/O handle must be associated with the thread pool and a callback method must be specified. When the I/O operation completes, a thread from the thread pool invokes the callback method. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa720215(VS.71).aspx

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• Using the windows api and C++, how could I load an exe from the hard drive and run it in its own thread?

  - by returneax

  For the sake of learning I'm trying to do what the OS does when launching a program ie. parsing a PE file and giving it a thread of execution. If I have two exe's one called foo.exe and the other bar.exe, how could I have foo.exe load the contents of bar.exe into memory then have it execute from there in its own thread? I know how to get it into memory using MapViewOfFile or by simple loading the contents on the hard drive into a buffer. I'm assuming simply copying the contents of bar.exe on disk into its own suspended thread and running it wouldn't work. I am semi-familiar with PE file internals. All help is very much appreciated, of course :)

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• Should I Use GUID or IDENTITY as Thread Number?

  - by user311509

  offerID is the thread # which represents the thread posted. I see in forums posts are represented by random numbers. Is this achieved by IDENTITY? If not, please advice. nvarchar(max) will carry all kind of texts along with HTML tags. CREATE TABLE Offer ( offerID int IDENTITY (4382,15) PRIMARY KEY, memberID int NOT NULL REFERENCES Member(memberID), title nvarchar(200) NOT NULL, thread nvarchar(max) NOT NULL, . . . );

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• How to debug lost events posted from non-GUI thread in Qt?

  - by gp

  As the subject says, I'm posting events from non-GUI thread (some GStreamer thread, to be precise). Code looks like this: GstBusSyncReply on_bus_message(GstBus* bus, GstMessage* message, gpointer data) { bool ret = QMetaObject::invokeMethod(static_cast<QObject*>(data), "stateChanged", Qt::QueuedConnection); Q_ASSERT(ret); return GST_BUS_PASS; } The problem is, stateChanged (doesn't matter whether it is a slot or signal) is not called. I've stepped into QMetaObject::invokeMethod with debugger, followed it till it called PostMessage (it is Qt 4.6.2 on Windows, by the way) – everything seemed to be OK. Object pointed to by data lives in GUI thread, I've double-checked this. How can I debug this problem? Or, better, maybe sidestep it altogether?

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• Mixing synchronized() with ReentrantLock.lock()

  - by yarvin

  In Java, do ReentrantLock.lock() and ReetrantLock.unlock() use the same locking mechanism as synchronized()? My guess is "No," but I'm hoping to be wrong. Example: Imagine that Thread 1 and Thread 2 both have access to: ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(); Thread 1 runs: synchronized (lock) { // blah } Thread 2 runs: lock.lock(); try { // blah } finally { lock.unlock(); } Assume Thread 1 reaches its part first, then Thread 2 before Thread 1 is finished: will Thread 2 wait for Thread 1 to leave the synchronized() block, or will it go ahead and run?

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• In C# or .NET, is there a way to prevent other threads from invoking methods on a particular thread?

  - by YWE

  I have a Windows Forms application with a BackgroundWorker. In a method on the main form, a MessageBox is shown and the user must click the OK button to continue. Meanwhile, while the messagebox is being displayed, the BackgroundWorker finishes executing and calls the RunWorkerCompleted event. In the method I have assigned to that event, which runs on the UI thread, the Close method is called on the form. Even though the method that shows the message box is still running, the UI thread is not blocking other threads from invoking methods on it. So the Close method gets called on the form. What I want is for the UI thread to block other threads' invokes until the method with the message box has finished. Is there an easy way to do that?

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• how to print correctly the handling thread on Windows?

  - by make

  Hi, Could someone please tell us on how to print correctly the handling thread in windows? Actually I tried several ways but it doesn't return the right number as in Unix-variant, as such e.g.: cout << " with thread " << pthread_self << endl; cout << " with thread " << pthread_self().p << endl; Thanks for your replies:

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• Is it possible to put a form control on its own thread?

  - by BVernon

  I'm using a DataGridView and some operations that I do cause it to become unresponsive for periods of time. Normally I would put data processing in its own thread to make the form more responsive, but in this case it's the DataGridView itself that's taking so long. This leads me to wonder whether it's possible to have the main form on one thread and the DataGridView on another thread so it doesn't prevent the main form from responding. I completely understand that doing so is probably not 'safe' and likely opens up a can of worms that makes it hardly worth trying and I fully expect this post will be getting down votes for merely suggesting such a ridiculous idea. Is this possible? And if so how would you go about it?

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• Benchmarking MySQL Replication with Multi-Threaded Slaves

  - by Mat Keep

  0 0 1 1145 6530 Homework 54 15 7660 14.0 Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} The objective of this benchmark is to measure the performance improvement achieved when enabling the Multi-Threaded Slave enhancement delivered as a part MySQL 5.6. As the results demonstrate, Multi-Threaded Slaves delivers 5x higher replication performance based on a configuration with 10 databases/schemas. For real-world deployments, higher replication performance directly translates to: · Improved consistency of reads from slaves (i.e. reduced risk of reading "stale" data) · Reduced risk of data loss should the master fail before replicating all events in its binary log (binlog) The multi-threaded slave splits processing between worker threads based on schema, allowing updates to be applied in parallel, rather than sequentially. This delivers benefits to those workloads that isolate application data using databases - e.g. multi-tenant systems deployed in cloud environments. Multi-Threaded Slaves are just one of many enhancements to replication previewed as part of the MySQL 5.6 Development Release, which include: · Global Transaction Identifiers coupled with MySQL utilities for automatic failover / switchover and slave promotion · Crash Safe Slaves and Binlog · Optimized Row Based Replication · Replication Event Checksums · Time Delayed Replication These and many more are discussed in the “MySQL 5.6 Replication: Enabling the Next Generation of Web & Cloud Services” Developer Zone article  Back to the benchmark - details are as follows. Environment The test environment consisted of two Linux servers: · one running the replication master · one running the replication slave. Only the slave was involved in the actual measurements, and was based on the following configuration: - Hardware: Oracle Sun Fire X4170 M2 Server - CPU: 2 sockets, 6 cores with hyper-threading, 2930 MHz. - OS: 64-bit Oracle Enterprise Linux 6.1 - Memory: 48 GB Test Procedure Initial Setup: Two MySQL servers were started on two different hosts, configured as replication master and slave. 10 sysbench schemas were created, each with a single table: CREATE TABLE `sbtest` (    `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,    `k` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',    `c` char(120) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',    `pad` char(60) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',    PRIMARY KEY (`id`),    KEY `k` (`k`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 10,000 rows were inserted in each of the 10 tables, for a total of 100,000 rows. When the inserts had replicated to the slave, the slave threads were stopped. The slave data directory was copied to a backup location and the slave threads position in the master binlog noted. 10 sysbench clients, each configured with 10 threads, were spawned at the same time to generate a random schema load against each of the 10 schemas on the master. Each sysbench client executed 10,000 "update key" statements: UPDATE sbtest set k=k+1 WHERE id = <random row> In total, this generated 100,000 update statements to later replicate during the test itself. Test Methodology: The number of slave workers to test with was configured using: SET GLOBAL slave_parallel_workers=<workers> Then the slave IO thread was started and the test waited for all the update queries to be copied over to the relay log on the slave. The benchmark clock was started and then the slave SQL thread was started. The test waited for the slave SQL thread to finish executing the 100k update queries, doing "select master_pos_wait()". When master_pos_wait() returned, the benchmark clock was stopped and the duration calculated. The calculated duration from the benchmark clock should be close to the time it took for the SQL thread to execute the 100,000 update queries. The 100k queries divided by this duration gave the benchmark metric, reported as Queries Per Second (QPS). Test Reset: The test-reset cycle was implemented as follows: · the slave was stopped · the slave data directory replaced with the previous backup · the slave restarted with the slave threads replication pointer repositioned to the point before the update queries in the binlog. The test could then be repeated with identical set of queries but a different number of slave worker threads, enabling a fair comparison. The Test-Reset cycle was repeated 3 times for 0-24 number of workers and the QPS metric calculated and averaged for each worker count. MySQL Configuration The relevant configuration settings used for MySQL are as follows: binlog-format=STATEMENT relay-log-info-repository=TABLE master-info-repository=TABLE As described in the test procedure, the slave_parallel_workers setting was modified as part of the test logic. The consequence of changing this setting is: 0 worker threads:    - current (i.e. single threaded) sequential mode    - 1 x IO thread and 1 x SQL thread    - SQL thread both reads and executes the events 1 worker thread:    - sequential mode    - 1 x IO thread, 1 x Coordinator SQL thread and 1 x Worker thread    - coordinator reads the event and hands it to the worker who executes 2+ worker threads:    - parallel execution    - 1 x IO thread, 1 x Coordinator SQL thread and 2+ Worker threads    - coordinator reads events and hands them to the workers who execute them Results Figure 1 below shows that Multi-Threaded Slaves deliver ~5x higher replication performance when configured with 10 worker threads, with the load evenly distributed across our 10 x schemas. This result is compared to the current replication implementation which is based on a single SQL thread only (i.e. zero worker threads). Figure 1: 5x Higher Performance with Multi-Threaded Slaves The following figure shows more detailed results, with QPS sampled and reported as the worker threads are incremented. The raw numbers behind this graph are reported in the Appendix section of this post. Figure 2: Detailed Results As the results above show, the configuration does not scale noticably from 5 to 9 worker threads. When configured with 10 worker threads however, scalability increases significantly. The conclusion therefore is that it is desirable to configure the same number of worker threads as schemas. Other conclusions from the results: · Running with 1 worker compared to zero workers just introduces overhead without the benefit of parallel execution. · As expected, having more workers than schemas adds no visible benefit. Aside from what is shown in the results above, testing also demonstrated that the following settings had a very positive effect on slave performance: relay-log-info-repository=TABLE master-info-repository=TABLE For 5+ workers, it was up to 2.3 times as fast to run with TABLE compared to FILE. Conclusion As the results demonstrate, Multi-Threaded Slaves deliver significant performance increases to MySQL replication when handling multiple schemas. This, and the other replication enhancements introduced in MySQL 5.6 are fully available for you to download and evaluate now from the MySQL Developer site (select Development Release tab). You can learn more about MySQL 5.6 from the documentation  Please don’t hesitate to comment on this or other replication blogs with feedback and questions. Appendix – Detailed Results

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• How to figure out who owns a worker thread that is still running when my app exits?

  - by Dave

  Not long after upgrading to VS2010, my application won't shut down cleanly. If I close the app and then hit pause in the IDE, I see this: The problem is, there's no context. The call stack just says [External code], which isn't too helpful. Here's what I've done so far to try to narrow down the problem: deleted all extraneous plugins to minimize the number of worker threads launched set breakpoints in my code anywhere I create worker threads (and delegates + BeginInvoke, since I think they are labeled "Worker Thread" in the debugger anyway). None were hit. set IsBackground = true for all threads While I could do the next brute force step, which is to roll my code back to a point where this didn't happen and then look over all of the change logs, this isn't terribly efficient. Can anyone recommend a better way to figure this out, given the notable lack of information presented by the debugger? The only other things I can think of include: read up on WinDbg and try to use it to stop anytime a thread is started. At least, I thought that was possible... :) comment out huge blocks of code until the app closes properly, then start uncommenting until it doesn't. UPDATE Perhaps this information will be of use. I decided to use WinDbg and attach to my application. I then closed it, and switched to thread 0 and dumped the stack contents. Here's what I have: ThreadCount: 6 UnstartedThread: 0 BackgroundThread: 1 PendingThread: 0 DeadThread: 4 Hosted Runtime: no PreEmptive GC Alloc Lock ID OSID ThreadOBJ State GC Context Domain Count APT Exception 0 1 1c70 005a65c8 6020 Enabled 02dac6e0:02dad7f8 005a03c0 0 STA 2 2 1b20 005b1980 b220 Enabled 00000000:00000000 005a03c0 0 MTA (Finalizer) XXXX 3 08504048 19820 Enabled 00000000:00000000 005a03c0 0 Ukn XXXX 4 08504540 19820 Enabled 00000000:00000000 005a03c0 0 Ukn XXXX 5 08516a90 19820 Enabled 00000000:00000000 005a03c0 0 Ukn XXXX 6 08517260 19820 Enabled 00000000:00000000 005a03c0 0 Ukn 0:008> ~0s eax=c0674960 ebx=00000000 ecx=00000000 edx=00000000 esi=0040f320 edi=005a65c8 eip=76c37e47 esp=0040f23c ebp=0040f258 iopl=0 nv up ei pl nz na po nc cs=0023 ss=002b ds=002b es=002b fs=0053 gs=002b efl=00000202 USER32!NtUserGetMessage+0x15: 76c37e47 83c404 add esp,4 0:000> !clrstack OS Thread Id: 0x1c70 (0) Child SP IP Call Site 0040f274 76c37e47 [InlinedCallFrame: 0040f274] 0040f270 6baa8976 DomainBoundILStubClass.IL_STUB_PInvoke(System.Windows.Interop.MSG ByRef, System.Runtime.InteropServices.HandleRef, Int32, Int32)*** WARNING: Unable to verify checksum for C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v4.0.30319_32\WindowsBase\d17606e813f01376bd0def23726ecc62\WindowsBase.ni.dll 0040f274 6ba924c5 [InlinedCallFrame: 0040f274] MS.Win32.UnsafeNativeMethods.IntGetMessageW(System.Windows.Interop.MSG ByRef, System.Runtime.InteropServices.HandleRef, Int32, Int32) 0040f2c4 6ba924c5 MS.Win32.UnsafeNativeMethods.GetMessageW(System.Windows.Interop.MSG ByRef, System.Runtime.InteropServices.HandleRef, Int32, Int32) 0040f2dc 6ba8e5f8 System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.GetMessage(System.Windows.Interop.MSG ByRef, IntPtr, Int32, Int32) 0040f318 6ba8d579 System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.PushFrameImpl(System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherFrame) 0040f368 6ba8d2a1 System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.PushFrame(System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherFrame) 0040f374 6ba7fba0 System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.Run() 0040f380 62e6ccbb System.Windows.Application.RunDispatcher(System.Object)*** WARNING: Unable to verify checksum for C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v4.0.30319_32\PresentationFramewo#\7f91eecda3ff7ce478146b6458580c98\PresentationFramework.ni.dll 0040f38c 62e6c8ff System.Windows.Application.RunInternal(System.Windows.Window) 0040f3b0 62e6c682 System.Windows.Application.Run(System.Windows.Window) 0040f3c0 62e6c30b System.Windows.Application.Run() 0040f3cc 001f00bc MyApplication.App.Main() [C:\code\trunk\MyApplication\obj\Debug\GeneratedInternalTypeHelper.g.cs @ 24] 0040f608 66c421db [GCFrame: 0040f608] EDIT -- not sure if this helps, but the main thread's call stack looks like this: [Managed to Native Transition] > WindowsBase.dll!MS.Win32.UnsafeNativeMethods.GetMessageW(ref System.Windows.Interop.MSG msg, System.Runtime.InteropServices.HandleRef hWnd, int uMsgFilterMin, int uMsgFilterMax) + 0x15 bytes WindowsBase.dll!System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.GetMessage(ref System.Windows.Interop.MSG msg, System.IntPtr hwnd, int minMessage, int maxMessage) + 0x48 bytes WindowsBase.dll!System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.PushFrameImpl(System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherFrame frame = {System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherFrame}) + 0x85 bytes WindowsBase.dll!System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.PushFrame(System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherFrame frame) + 0x49 bytes WindowsBase.dll!System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.Run() + 0x4c bytes PresentationFramework.dll!System.Windows.Application.RunDispatcher(object ignore) + 0x17 bytes PresentationFramework.dll!System.Windows.Application.RunInternal(System.Windows.Window window) + 0x6f bytes PresentationFramework.dll!System.Windows.Application.Run(System.Windows.Window window) + 0x26 bytes PresentationFramework.dll!System.Windows.Application.Run() + 0x1b bytes I did a search on it and found some posts related to WPF GUIs hanging, and maybe that'll give me some more clues.

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• SAFE MODE Restriction in effect. The script not allowed to access directory owned by uid

  - by user57221

  I am running a dedicated server with multiple websites. I have created a global directory for common scripts for all websites, rather than repeating them in every website directory. How can I make this global directory accessible for all website. I am getting following error. Warning: require_once() [function.require-once]: SAFE MODE Restriction in effect. The script whose uid is XXXX is not allowed to access /vhosts/globallibrary/Zend/Application.php owned by uid XXXX I have change the ownership of global directory for X website. so it works fine for X website. latter I added another website Y Now I am getting the same error again. If I change the CHOWN for Y website then X website will have the same error. I don't want to disable the safemode restriction. Is there a work around, so that this global dir will be accessible by all website. I am getting following error in my browser when I try to access global directory. Global directory is on same level as all other websites. Is this a good practice to enable safemode for websites?

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• Is it safe to force a dismount to format a volume in Windows?

  - by sammyg

  I am using format command in cmd to format a USB flash drive. M:\>format /FS:FAT32 /Q Required parameter missing - M:\>format M: /FS:FAT32 /Q Insert new disk for drive M: and press ENTER when ready... The type of the file system is FAT32. QuickFormatting 14999M Format cannot run because the volume is in use by another process. Format may run if this volume is dismounted first. ALL OPENED HANDLES TO THIS VOLUME WOULD THEN BE INVALID. Would you like to force a dismount on this volume? (Y/N) y Volume dismounted. All opened handles to this volume are now invalid. Initializing the File Allocation Table (FAT)... Volume label (11 characters, ENTER for none)? Format complete. 14,6 GB total disk space. 14,6 GB are available. 8 192 bytes in each allocation unit. 1 917 823 allocation units available on disk. 32 bits in each FAT entry. Volume Serial Number is E00B-2739 M:\> Is it safe to force a dismount like this, and make the handles invalid?

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• Can't login to Windows server 2008 (as any user, not even locally, not in safe mode but I have right credentials)

  - by Saix

  Just from nowhere I can't login to my Windows server 2008 machine. All the services like FTP server or webserver (which I'm actually not using, just remote desktop and FTP) are running. Whatever credentials I try (even/especialy administrator), it always says Unknown Username or bad password. I have already tried hard turn off/on and safe mode without luck. Also I already tried type in login name as SERVER NAME\user or Workgroup\user (every case sensitive scenario), still says I have wrong login. Usually we are using remote desktop to access the machine but local access over KVM doesn't work either. Now I'm lock out of any control or any way to do something. There's just logon screen preceding by ctrl+alt+del to login alert. Without me able to login I can't actually try to fix anything. Can't find much more on Internet except the SERVER NAME\user thing. Reinstall would be the last resort but I can't let things this way for much longer anyway. This server is vital. If it would be any help, I think automatic Windows updates are turned off and there were no updates or newly installed software for last couple years and just few soft restarts, non of them recently. It happened during it's runtime while all other services were still up and running, so this couldn't be just some Windows nasty screw up during boot or something. What could have possibly changed? What are my options now?

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• Asynchronous pages in the ASP.NET framework - where are the other threads and how is it reattached?

  - by rkrauter

  Sorry for this dumb question on Asynchronous operations. This is how I understand it. IIS has a limited set of worker threads waiting for requests. If one request is a long running operation, it will block that thread. This leads to fewer threads to serve requests. Way to fix this - use asynchronous pages. When a request comes in, the main worker thread is freed and this other thread is created in some other place. The main thread is thus able to serve other requests. When the request completes on this other thread, another thread is picked from the main thread pool and the response is sent back to the client. 1) Where are these other threads located? 2) IF ASP.NET likes creating new threads, why not increase the number of threads in the main worker pool - they are all running on the same machine anyway? 3) If the main thread hands off a request to this other thread, why does the request not get disconnected? It magically hands off the request to another worker thread somewhere else and when the long running process completes, it picks a thread from the main worker pool and sends response to the client. I am amazed...but how does that work?

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• Is it safe to use random Unicode for complex delimiter sequences in strings?

  - by ccomet

  Question: In terms of program stability and ensuring that the system will actually operate, how safe is it to use chars like ¦, § or ‡ for complex delimiter sequences in strings? Can I reliable believe that I won't run into any issues in a program reading these incorrectly? I am working in a system, using C# code, in which I have to store a fairly complex set of information within a single string. The readability of this string is only necessary on the computer side, end-users should only ever see the information after it has been parsed by the appropriate methods. Because some of the data in these strings will be collections of variable size, I use different delimiters to identify what parts of the string correspond to a certain tier of organization. There are enough cases that the standard sets of ;, |, and similar ilk have been exhausted. I considered two-char delimiters, like ;# or ;|, but I felt that it would be very inefficient. There probably isn't that large of a performance difference in storing with one char versus two chars, but when I have the option of picking the smaller option, it just feels wrong to pick the larger one. So finally, I considered using the set of characters like the double dagger and section. They only take up one char, and they are definitely not going to show up in the actual text that I'll be storing, so they won't be confused for anything. But character encoding is finicky. While the visibility to the end user is meaningless (since they, in fact, won't see it), I became recently concerned about how the programs in the system will read it. The string is stored in one database, while a separate program is responsible for both encoding and decoding the string into different object types for the rest of the application to work with. And if something is expected to be written one way, is possibly written another, then maybe the whole system will fail and I can't really let that happen. So is it safe to use these kind of chars for background delimiters?

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• Is it safe to read regular expressions from a file?

  - by Zilk

  Assuming a Perl script that allows users to specify several text filter expressions in a config file, is there a safe way to let them enter regular expressions as well, without the possibility of unintended side effects or code execution? Without actually parsing the regexes and checking them for problematic constructs, that is. There won't be any substitution, only matching. As an aside, is there a way to test if the specified regex is valid before actually using it? I'd like to issue warnings if something like /foo (bar/ was entered. Thanks, Z. EDIT: Thanks for the very interesting answers. I've since found out that the following dangerous constructs will only be evaluated in regexes if the use re 'eval' pragma is used: (?{code}) (??{code}) ${code} @{code} The default is no re 'eval'; so unless I'm missing something, it should be safe to read regular expressions from a file, with the only check being the eval/catch posted by Axeman. At least I haven't been able to hide anything evil in them in my tests. Thanks again. Z.

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• Problems with Threading in Python 2.5, KeyError: 51, Help debugging?

  - by vignesh-k

  I have a python script which runs a particular script large number of times (for monte carlo purpose) and the way I have scripted it is that, I queue up the script the desired number of times it should be run then I spawn threads and each thread runs the script once and again when its done. Once the script in a particular thread is finished, the output is written to a file by accessing a lock (so my guess was that only one thread accesses the lock at a given time). Once the lock is released by one thread, the next thread accesses it and adds its output to the previously written file and rewrites it. I am not facing a problem when the number of iterations is small like 10 or 20 but when its large like 50 or 150, python returns a KeyError: 51 telling me element doesn't exist and the error it points out to is within the lock which puzzles me since only one thread should access the lock at once and I do not expect an error. This is the class I use: class errorclass(threading.Thread): def __init__(self, queue): self.__queue=queue threading.Thread.__init__(self) def run(self): while 1: item = self.__queue.get() if item is None: break result = myfunction() lock = threading.RLock() lock.acquire() ADD entries from current thread to entries in file and REWRITE FILE lock.release() queue = Queue.Queue() for i in range(threads): errorclass(queue).start() for i in range(desired iterations): queue.put(i) for i in range(threads): queue.put(None) Python returns with KeyError: 51 for large number of desired iterations during the adding/write file operation after lock access, I am wondering if this is the correct way to use the lock since every thread has a lock operation rather than every thread accessing a shared lock? What would be the way to rectify this?

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• What's the deal with the hidden Throw when catching a ThreadAbortException?

  - by priehl

  I'm going through a book of general c# development, and I've come to the thread abort section. The book says something along the lines that when you call Thread.Abort() on another thread, that thread will throw a ThreadAbortException, and even if you tried to supress it it would automatically rethrow it, unless you did some bs that's generally frowned upon. Here's the simple example offered. using System; using System.Threading; public class EntryPoint { private static void ThreadFunc() { ulong counter = 0; while (true) { try { Console.WriteLine("{0}", counter++); } catch (ThreadAbortException) { // Attempt to swallow the exception and continue. Console.WriteLine("Abort!"); } } } static void Main() { try { Thread newThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(EntryPoint.ThreadFunc)); newThread.Start(); Thread.Sleep(2000); // Abort the thread. newThread.Abort(); // Wait for thread to finish. newThread.Join(); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine(e.ToString()); } } } The book says: When your thread finishes processing the abort exception, the runtime implicitly rethrows it at the end of your exception handler. It’s the same as if you had rethrown the exception yourself. Therefore, any outer exception handlers or finally blocks will still execute normally. In the example, the call to Join won’t be waiting forever as initially expected. So i wrapped a try catch around the Thread.Abort() call and set a break point, expecting it to hit this, considering the text says "any outer exception handlers or finally blocks will still execute normally". BUT IT DOES NOT. I'm racking my brain to figure out why. Anyone have any thoughts on why this isn't the case? Is the book wrong? Thanks in advance.

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• Is safe ( documented behaviour? ) to delete the domain of an iterator in execution

  - by PoorLuzer

  I wanted to know if is safe ( documented behaviour? ) to delete the domain space of an iterator in execution in Python. Consider the code: import os import sys sampleSpace = [ x*x for x in range( 7 ) ] print sampleSpace for dx in sampleSpace: print str( dx ) if dx == 1: del sampleSpace[ 1 ] del sampleSpace[ 3 ] elif dx == 25: del sampleSpace[ -1 ] print sampleSpace 'sampleSpace' is what I call 'the domain space of an iterator' ( if there is a more appropriate word/phrase, lemme know ). What I am doing is deleting values from it while the iterator 'dx' is running through it. Here is what I expect from the code : Iteration versus element being pointed to (*): 0: [*0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36] 1: [0, *1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36] ( delete 2nd and 5th element after this iteration ) 2: [0, 4, *9, 25, 36] 3: [0, 4, 9, *25, 36] ( delete -1th element after this iteration ) 4: [0, 4, 9, 25*] ( as the iterator points to nothing/end of list, the loop terminates ) .. and here is what I get: [0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36] 0 1 9 25 [0, 4, 9, 25] As you can see - what I expect is what I get - which is contrary to the behaviour I have had from other languages in such a scenario. Hence - I wanted to ask you if there is some rule like "the iterator becomes invalid if you mutate its space during iteration" in Python? Is it safe ( documented behaviour? ) in Python to do stuff like this?

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• iTunes crashes with "Attempt to allocate 1073741824 bytes for NS/CFData failed" error

  - by kubi

  This is a pretty common occurrence. Every two days or so iTunes will crash on me with this error. FYI, 1073741824 is 2^30, which is gigabyte. The crash log is below if you're interested. Process: iTunes [40778] Path: /Applications/iTunes.app/Contents/MacOS/iTunes Identifier: com.apple.iTunes Version: 9.0.1 (9.0.1) Build Info: iTunes-9010901~2 Code Type: X86 (Native) Parent Process: launchd [638] Date/Time: 2009-10-21 11:35:55.159 -0400 OS Version: Mac OS X 10.6.1 (10B504) Report Version: 6 Interval Since Last Report: 38292 sec Per-App Interval Since Last Report: 63956 sec Per-App Crashes Since Last Report: 1 Anonymous UUID: A7149D8A-1161-4740-976B-DB99AE1B01DD Exception Type: EXC_BREAKPOINT (SIGTRAP) Exception Codes: 0x0000000000000002, 0x0000000000000000 Crashed Thread: 13 Application Specific Information: *** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSMallocException', reason: 'Attempt to allocate 1073741824 bytes for NS/CFData failed' *** Call stack at first throw: ( 0 CoreFoundation 0x9924958a __raiseError + 410 1 libobjc.A.dylib 0x9440df49 objc_exception_throw + 56 2 Foundation 0x945e2fda _NSSearchForNameInPath + 0 3 CoreFoundation 0x99262ca5 __CFDataHandleOutOfMemory + 101 4 CoreFoundation 0x9919f27d __CFDataGrow + 717 5 CoreFoundation 0x9919ce0a CFDataReplaceBytes + 362 6 CoreFoundation 0x9919e63a CFDataAppendBytes + 154 7 iTunes 0x00522808 0x0 + 5384200 8 iTunes 0x00523471 0x0 + 5387377 9 iTunes 0x00441bc8 0x0 + 4463560 10 CoreFoundation 0x9923eba3 _signalEventSync + 99 11 CoreFoundation 0x9923f58e _cfstream_solo_signalEventSync + 126 12 CoreFoundation 0x9923f4d7 CFReadStreamSignalEvent + 39 13 CFNetwork 0x97374c23 _ZN14HTTPReadStream11streamEventEm + 169 14 CoreFoundation 0x9923eba3 _signalEventSync + 99 15 CoreFoundation 0x9923eb1a _cfstream_shared_signalEventSync + 458 16 CoreFoundation 0x991b58cb __CFRunLoopDoSources0 + 1563 17 CoreFoundation 0x991b385f __CFRunLoopRun + 1071 18 CoreFoundation 0x991b2d34 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 452 19 CoreFoundation 0x991b87a4 CFRunLoopRun + 84 20 iTunes 0x0000ade8 0x0 + 44520 21 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9f39 _pthread_start + 345 22 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9dbe thread_start + 34 ) Thread 0: Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96dbc7da mach_msg_trap + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96dbcf47 mach_msg + 68 2 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x991b3dbf __CFRunLoopRun + 2447 3 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x991b2d34 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 452 4 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x991b2b61 CFRunLoopRunInMode + 97 5 com.apple.HIToolbox 0x97c3bfec RunCurrentEventLoopInMode + 392 6 com.apple.HIToolbox 0x97c3bda3 ReceiveNextEventCommon + 354 7 com.apple.HIToolbox 0x97dc3d91 ReceiveNextEvent + 83 8 com.apple.iTunes 0x00135fae 0x1000 + 1265582 9 com.apple.HIToolbox 0x97c0f129 DispatchEventToHandlers(EventTargetRec*, OpaqueEventRef*, HandlerCallRec*) + 1567 10 com.apple.HIToolbox 0x97c0e3f0 SendEventToEventTargetInternal(OpaqueEventRef*, OpaqueEventTargetRef*, HandlerCallRec*) + 411 11 com.apple.HIToolbox 0x97c0e24f SendEventToEventTargetWithOptions + 58 12 com.apple.HIToolbox 0x97c42c0c ToolboxEventDispatcherHandler(OpaqueEventHandlerCallRef*, OpaqueEventRef*, void*) + 3006 13 com.apple.HIToolbox 0x97c0f57a DispatchEventToHandlers(EventTargetRec*, OpaqueEventRef*, HandlerCallRec*) + 2672 14 com.apple.HIToolbox 0x97c0e3f0 SendEventToEventTargetInternal(OpaqueEventRef*, OpaqueEventTargetRef*, HandlerCallRec*) + 411 15 com.apple.HIToolbox 0x97c30a81 SendEventToEventTarget + 52 16 com.apple.HIToolbox 0x97db98f7 ToolboxEventDispatcher + 86 17 com.apple.HIToolbox 0x97db9a2f RunApplicationEventLoop + 243 18 com.apple.iTunes 0x00135d84 0x1000 + 1265028 19 com.apple.iTunes 0x00135c70 0x1000 + 1264752 20 com.apple.iTunes 0x0000d2af 0x1000 + 49839 21 com.apple.iTunes 0x000049a8 0x1000 + 14760 22 com.apple.iTunes 0x00002bfb 0x1000 + 7163 23 com.apple.iTunes 0x00002b29 0x1000 + 6953 Thread 1: Dispatch queue: com.apple.libdispatch-manager 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de303a kevent + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de3768 _dispatch_mgr_invoke + 215 2 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de2bf9 _dispatch_queue_invoke + 183 3 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de298a _dispatch_worker_thread2 + 234 4 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de2401 _pthread_wqthread + 390 5 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de2246 start_wqthread + 30 Thread 2: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96dbc7da mach_msg_trap + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96dbcf47 mach_msg + 68 2 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x991b3dbf __CFRunLoopRun + 2447 3 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x991b2d34 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 452 4 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x991b87a4 CFRunLoopRun + 84 5 com.apple.iTunes 0x0000ade8 0x1000 + 40424 6 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9f39 _pthread_start + 345 7 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9dbe thread_start + 34 Thread 3: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96ddb756 select$DARWIN_EXTSN + 10 1 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x991f304d __CFSocketManager + 1085 2 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9f39 _pthread_start + 345 3 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9dbe thread_start + 34 Thread 4: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96e84766 accept$NOCANCEL$UNIX2003 + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96e8363e accept + 32 2 com.apple.iTunes 0x0044c792 0x1000 + 4503442 3 com.apple.iTunes 0x004a86cd 0x1000 + 4880077 4 com.apple.iTunes 0x004a879b 0x1000 + 4880283 5 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9f39 _pthread_start + 345 6 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9dbe thread_start + 34 Thread 5: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96e84766 accept$NOCANCEL$UNIX2003 + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96e8363e accept + 32 2 com.apple.iTunes 0x0044c792 0x1000 + 4503442 3 com.apple.iTunes 0x004a86cd 0x1000 + 4880077 4 com.apple.iTunes 0x004a879b 0x1000 + 4880283 5 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9f39 _pthread_start + 345 6 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9dbe thread_start + 34 Thread 6: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96dbc7da mach_msg_trap + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96dbcf47 mach_msg + 68 2 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x991b3dbf __CFRunLoopRun + 2447 3 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x991b2d34 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 452 4 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x991b87a4 CFRunLoopRun + 84 5 com.apple.iTunes 0x00135e09 0x1000 + 1265161 6 com.apple.iTunes 0x00135cc5 0x1000 + 1264837 7 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9f39 _pthread_start + 345 8 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9dbe thread_start + 34 Thread 7: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96dbc7da mach_msg_trap + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96dbcf47 mach_msg + 68 2 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x991b3dbf __CFRunLoopRun + 2447 3 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x991b2d34 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 452 4 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x991b87a4 CFRunLoopRun + 84 5 com.apple.iTunes 0x0000ade8 0x1000 + 40424 6 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9f39 _pthread_start + 345 7 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9dbe thread_start + 34 Thread 8: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96dbc83a semaphore_timedwait_signal_trap + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96dea3c1 _pthread_cond_wait + 1066 2 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96e19208 pthread_cond_timedwait_relative_np + 47 3 com.apple.iTunes 0x0004ca83 0x1000 + 309891 4 com.apple.iTunes 0x0004c7cb 0x1000 + 309195 5 com.apple.iTunes 0x0004c76a 0x1000 + 309098 6 com.apple.iTunes 0x0004c5bb 0x1000 + 308667 7 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9f39 _pthread_start + 345 8 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9dbe thread_start + 34 Thread 9: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96dbc7da mach_msg_trap + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96dbcf47 mach_msg + 68 2 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x991b3dbf __CFRunLoopRun + 2447 3 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x991b2d34 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 452 4 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x991b87a4 CFRunLoopRun + 84 5 com.apple.iTunes 0x0000ade8 0x1000 + 40424 6 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9f39 _pthread_start + 345 7 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9dbe thread_start + 34 Thread 10: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96dbc7da mach_msg_trap + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96dbcf47 mach_msg + 68 2 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x991b3dbf __CFRunLoopRun + 2447 3 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x991b2d34 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 452 4 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x991b87a4 CFRunLoopRun + 84 5 com.apple.iTunes 0x0000ade8 0x1000 + 40424 6 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9f39 _pthread_start + 345 7 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9dbe thread_start + 34 Thread 11: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96dbc7da mach_msg_trap + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96dbcf47 mach_msg + 68 2 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x991b3dbf __CFRunLoopRun + 2447 3 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x991b2d34 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 452 4 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x991b87a4 CFRunLoopRun + 84 5 com.apple.iTunes 0x0000ade8 0x1000 + 40424 6 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9f39 _pthread_start + 345 7 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9dbe thread_start + 34 Thread 12: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96dbc822 semaphore_wait_signal_trap + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96dea3d8 _pthread_cond_wait + 1089 2 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96e3370f pthread_cond_wait + 48 3 com.apple.iTunes 0x0000ae70 0x1000 + 40560 4 com.apple.iTunes 0x0000ad06 0x1000 + 40198 5 com.apple.iTunes 0x004418a1 0x1000 + 4458657 6 com.apple.iTunes 0x0043f960 0x1000 + 4450656 7 com.apple.iTunes 0x00525475 0x1000 + 5391477 8 com.apple.iTunes 0x00525c0d 0x1000 + 5393421 9 com.apple.iTunes 0x0004c62c 0x1000 + 308780 10 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9f39 _pthread_start + 345 11 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9dbe thread_start + 34 Thread 13 Crashed: 0 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x99293b07 ___TERMINATING_DUE_TO_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTION___ + 7 1 libobjc.A.dylib 0x9440df49 objc_exception_throw + 56 2 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x991b2fbc CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 1100 3 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x991b87a4 CFRunLoopRun + 84 4 com.apple.iTunes 0x0000ade8 0x1000 + 40424 5 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9f39 _pthread_start + 345 6 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9dbe thread_start + 34 Thread 14: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96dbc7da mach_msg_trap + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96dbcf47 mach_msg + 68 2 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x991b3dbf __CFRunLoopRun + 2447 3 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x991b2d34 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 452 4 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x991b87a4 CFRunLoopRun + 84 5 com.apple.iTunes 0x0000ade8 0x1000 + 40424 6 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9f39 _pthread_start + 345 7 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9dbe thread_start + 34 Thread 15: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96dbc822 semaphore_wait_signal_trap + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96dea3d8 _pthread_cond_wait + 1089 2 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96e3370f pthread_cond_wait + 48 3 ...ickTimeComponents.component 0x915275b7 jpegdecompress_MPLoop + 79 4 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9f39 _pthread_start + 345 5 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9dbe thread_start + 34 Thread 16: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96dbc822 semaphore_wait_signal_trap + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96dea3d8 _pthread_cond_wait + 1089 2 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96e3370f pthread_cond_wait + 48 3 com.apple.iTunes 0x00025d27 0x1000 + 150823 4 com.apple.iTunes 0x00025237 0x1000 + 148023 5 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9f39 _pthread_start + 345 6 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9dbe thread_start + 34 Thread 17: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de2092 __workq_kernreturn + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de2628 _pthread_wqthread + 941 2 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de2246 start_wqthread + 30 Thread 18: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96dbc83a semaphore_timedwait_signal_trap + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96dea3c1 _pthread_cond_wait + 1066 2 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96e19208 pthread_cond_timedwait_relative_np + 47 3 com.apple.iTunes 0x0004ca83 0x1000 + 309891 4 com.apple.iTunes 0x0004c7cb 0x1000 + 309195 5 com.apple.iTunes 0x0004c76a 0x1000 + 309098 6 com.apple.iTunes 0x0004c5bb 0x1000 + 308667 7 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9f39 _pthread_start + 345 8 libSystem.B.dylib 0x96de9dbe thread_start + 34 Thread 13 crashed with X86 Thread State (32-bit): eax: 0x00000000 ebx: 0x9440df25 ecx: 0xb08b2000 edx: 0x0000003b edi: 0xa0737ab0 esi: 0x19685e20 ebp: 0xb08b1de8 esp: 0xb08b1dd0 ss: 0x0000001f efl: 0x00000282 eip: 0x99293b07 cs: 0x00000017 ds: 0x0000001f es: 0x0000001f fs: 0x0000001f gs: 0x00000037 cr2: 0x00ff9000 Binary Images: 0x1000 - 0xbd9ff8 com.apple.iTunes 9.0.1 (9.0.1) <18B3F1D1-1E3E-6DD1-CB52-F346ACB01921> /Applications/iTunes.app/Contents/MacOS/iTunes 0xdf9000 - 0xe01ff7 com.apple.ipodsynchronization 3.0 (116) <B41B2240-34E9-4A5E-A210-F02D99E3C00E> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/iPodSync.framework/Versions/A/iPodSync 0xe09000 - 0xe0eff7 com.apple.iPod 1.6 (17) <4CCD2720-D270-C0D2-1E14-1374779C2401> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/iPod.framework/Versions/A/iPod 0xe14000 - 0xe9bfe3 com.apple.iTunes.iPodUpdater 9.0 (9.0) <474ED35C-EDCE-1FEB-AC8C-075B806977A8> /Applications/iTunes.app/Contents/Frameworks/iPodUpdater.framework/Versions/A/iPodUpdater 0xee7000 - 0xf27ff7 com.apple.vmutils 4.2 (106) <834EA6B0-C91B-4CF1-ED3C-229C26459578> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/vmutils.framework/Versions/A/vmutils 0x14be000 - 0x14beff7 libmx.A.dylib ??? (???) <01401BF8-3FC7-19CF-ACCE-0F292BFD2F25> /usr/lib/libmx.A.dylib 0x14d0000 - 0x14d0ff7 +net.sourceforge.SafariAdBlockLoader 0.4.0 RC3 (0.4.0 RC3) <8E9A6641-9CE7-5416-DC84-883DB8BAFDDA> /Library/InputManagers/Safari AdBlock/Safari AdBlock Loader.bundle/Contents/MacOS/Safari AdBlock Loader 0x15f8000 - 0x15f9ff7 com.apple.textencoding.unicode 2.3 (2.3) <78A61FD5-70EE-19EA-48D4-3481C640B70D> /System/Library/TextEncodings/Unicode Encodings.bundle/Contents/MacOS/Unicode Encodings 0x1778000 - 0x179efff libssl.0.9.7.dylib ??? (???) <8BF98B2F-0F55-40CA-C082-43C76707BD24> /usr/lib/libssl.0.9.7.dylib 0x17e6000 - 0x17eaff3 com.apple.audio.AudioIPCPlugIn 1.1.0 (1.1.0) <39CD9296-183C-5603-94A4-0A0EC327BA69> /System/Library/Extensions/AudioIPCDriver.kext/Contents/Resources/AudioIPCPlugIn.bundle/Contents/MacOS/AudioIPCPlugIn 0x17ef000 - 0x17f4ffb com.apple.audio.AppleHDAHALPlugIn 1.7.4 (1.7.4a1) <B4217DD8-4BDE-CC1C-70FF-06EA901F376D> /System/Library/Extensions/AppleHDA.kext/Contents/PlugIns/AppleHDAHALPlugIn.bundle/Contents/MacOS/AppleHDAHALPlugIn 0x12800000 - 0x138eaff7 com.apple.CoreFP 1.5.18 (1.5) <740FE25C-0539-AEFF-2108-C2C0D338CDCE> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/CoreFP.framework/CoreFP 0x1390f000 - 0x139c4fe7 libcrypto.0.9.7.dylib ??? (???) <4917E4F2-817F-5AC4-3FBE-54BC96360448> /usr/lib/libcrypto.0.9.7.dylib 0x13a0a000 - 0x13a50ff3 com.apple.mobiledevice 251.6 (251.6) <E998830A-CFBF-3060-4770-1089AED68444> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/MobileDevice.framework/MobileDevice 0x167f5000 - 0x167f7ff7 com.apple.PDFImporter 2.1 (???) <C78368B0-3712-067C-9467-55932890C979> /System/Library/Components/PDFImporter.component/Contents/MacOS/PDFImporter 0x16900000 - 0x16905ff7 com.apple.QuartzComposer.iTunesPlugIn 1.2 (16) <8511A037-AFDE-5D1A-67DA-1B4837432D85> /Library/iTunes/iTunes Plug-ins/Quartz Composer Visualizer.bundle/Contents/MacOS/Quartz Composer Visualizer 0x17fa8000 - 0x181cbfe7 com.apple.audio.codecs.Components 2.0 (2.0) <064E9181-38CC-C2D3-070D-4D162D2903E8> /System/Library/Components/AudioCodecs.component/Contents/MacOS/AudioCodecs 0x18764000 - 0x1877efc3 com.apple.AppleIntermediateCodec 1.2 (145) /Library/QuickTime/AppleIntermediateCodec.component/Contents/MacOS/AppleIntermediateCodec 0x18783000 - 0x18788ff7 com.apple.AppleMPEG2Codec 1.0.1 (220) <6FDFF3C8-7ECE-CB74-1374-9C0230C54F78> /Library/QuickTime/AppleMPEG2Codec.component/Contents/MacOS/AppleMPEG2Codec 0x19137000 - 0x1918cfef com.apple.AppleProResDecoder 2.0 (223) <793BA98A-2E7D-1C39-998D-805B60034DF4> /System/Library/QuickTime/AppleProResDecoder.component/Contents/MacOS/AppleProResDecoder 0x191c4000 - 0x191ddfe7 com.apple.applepixletvideo 1.2.19 (1.2d19) <4A68731C-8071-6CF5-012C-40F00CD1333A> /System/Library/QuickTime/ApplePixletVideo.component/Contents/MacOS/ApplePixletVideo 0x19400000 - 0x19479fef com.apple.AppleVAH264HW.component 2.0 (1.0) <FFC0DED4-1AA1-267E-CE43-0261727DA31D> /System/Library/QuickTime/AppleVAH264HW.component/Contents/MacOS/AppleVAH264HW 0x1953b000 - 0x19577fe3 com.apple.QuickTimeFireWireDV.component 7.6.3 (1584) <8E3D38A3-1005-305C-7B70-D400AB4AC0F3> /System/Library/QuickTime/QuickTimeFireWireDV.component/Contents/MacOS/QuickTimeFireWireDV 0x1a000000 - 0x1a312fe0 +org.perian.Perian 1.1.4 (1.1.4) <577A3B05-0FF7-FC3D-3223-88718A00D84C> /Library/QuickTime/Perian.component/Contents/MacOS/Perian 0x70000000 - 0x700cbfe7 com.apple.audio.units.Components 1.6 (1.6) <A568FC6D-1D2D-A04B-FD1A-AFF6E326E020> /System/Library/Components/CoreAudio.component/Contents/MacOS/CoreAudio 0x8fe00000 - 0x8fe4162b dyld 132.1 (???) <211AF0DD-42D9-79C8-BB6A-1F4BEEF4B4AB> /usr/lib/dyld 0x900cb000 - 0x900ccff7 com.apple.audio.units.AudioUnit 1.6 (1.6) <68180B96-381C-A09D-5576-606A134FD953> /System/Library/Frameworks/AudioUnit.framework/Versions/A/AudioUnit 0x900cd000 - 0x908b2fe7 com.apple.WebCore 6531 (6531.9) <F9A9848B-9EB0-B912-49F5-7E8010AF2CF1> /System/Library/Frameworks/WebKit.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/WebCore.framework/Versions/A/WebCore 0x908b3000 - 0x908effff com.apple.CoreMediaIOServices 101.0 (715) <FD86FB28-9BA1-0993-1172-F10F61EA6344> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/CoreMediaIOServices.framework/Versions/A/CoreMediaIOServices 0x9095f000 - 0x90970ff7 com.apple.LangAnalysis 1.6.5 (1.6.5) <E77440D0-76EE-EB4C-3D00-9EDE417F13CF> /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/LangAnalysis.framework/Versions/A/LangAnalysis 0x909ba000 - 0x90bb7feb com.apple.AddressBook.framework 5.0 (862) <BD05B213-46CF-8EFD-B801-CF741408600D> /System/Library/Frameworks/AddressBook.framework/Versions/A/AddressBook 0x90bd9000 - 0x90c03ff7 com.apple.shortcut 1.1 (1.1) <B0514FA9-7CAE-AD94-93CA-7B2A2C5F7B8A> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Shortcut.framework/Versions/A/Shortcut 0x90c04000 - 0x90c23fe7 com.apple.opencl 11 (11) <372A42E7-FB10-B74D-E1A0-980E94D07021> /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenCL.framework/Versions/A/OpenCL 0x90c24000 - 0x90c24ff7 com.apple.Accelerate 1.5 (Accelerate 1.5) <F642E7A0-3720-FA19-0190-E6DBD9EF2D9B> /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Accelerate 0x90c25000 - 0x90c25ff7 com.apple.ApplicationServices 38 (38) <8012B504-3D83-BFBB-DA65-065E061CFE03> /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/ApplicationServices 0x90d7c000 - 0x90db6fe7 libFontRegistry.dylib ??? (???) <EE633CF6-8827-EF05-10A4-5F2937120227> /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ATS.framework/Versions/A/Resources/libFontRegistry.dylib 0x90db7000 - 0x91d45ff7 com.apple.QuickTimeComponents.component 7.6.3 (1584) /System/Library/QuickTime/QuickTimeComponents.component/Contents/MacOS/QuickTimeComponents 0x91d46000 - 0x91d7cfff libtidy.A.dylib ??? (???) <DDFAB560-3883-A6A2-7BDD-D91730982B48> /usr/lib/libtidy.A.dylib 0x91d8d000 - 0x91d92ff7 com.apple.OpenDirectory 10.6 (10.6) <92582807-E8F3-3DD9-EB42-4195CFB754A1> /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenDirectory.framework/Versions/A/OpenDirectory 0x91d93000 - 0x91d9aff7 com.apple.agl 3.0.12 (AGL-3.0.12) <6BF89127-C18C-27A9-F94A-981836A822FE> /System/Library/Frameworks/AGL.framework/Versions/A/AGL 0x91d9b000 - 0x91ddbff3 com.apple.securityinterface 4.0 (36981) <F024C5CA-0762-1599-5BAB-17F785E51075> /System/Library/Frameworks/SecurityInterface.framework/Versions/A/SecurityInterface 0x91e0d000 - 0x91e5dfe7 libGLU.dylib ??? (???) <55A69DCE-1237-341E-F239-CDFE1F5B19BB> /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/Libraries/libGLU.dylib 0x91e5e000 - 0x91ee0ffb SecurityFoundation ??? (???) <29C27E0E-B2B3-BF6B-B1F8-5783B8B01535> /System/Library/Frameworks/SecurityFoundation.framework/Versions/A/SecurityFoundation 0x91f28000 - 0x9235dff7 libLAPACK.dylib ??? (???) <5E2D2283-57DE-9A49-1DB0-CD027FEFA6C2> /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Versions/A/libLAPACK.dylib 0x9236b000 - 0x9237ffe7 libbsm.0.dylib ??? (???) <14CB053A-7C47-96DA-E415-0906BA1B78C9> /usr/lib/libbsm.0.dylib 0x923bb000 - 0x924e4fe7 com.apple.audio.toolbox.AudioToolbox 1.6 (1.6) <62BEEBE6-68FC-4A48-91CF-39DA2BD793F1> /System/Library/Frameworks/AudioToolbox.framework/Versions/A/AudioToolbox 0x924fe000 - 0x925b0ffb libFontParser.dylib ??? (???) <EB089832-660F-0B34-3AC8-CCDA937987D9> /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ATS.framework/Versions/A/Resources/libFontParser.dylib 0x9264d000 - 0x9264fff7 libRadiance.dylib ??? (???) <0E03CF64-0931-7B9A-F617-4387B809D6D8> /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ImageIO.framework/Versions/A/Resources/libRadiance.dylib 0x92650000 - 0x92696ff7 libauto.dylib ??? (???) <FAB17F30-A28B-E33D-6E21-C7119C9C83ED> /usr/lib/libauto.dylib 0x92697000 - 0x928c2ff3 com.apple.QuartzComposer 4.0 (156.6) <D1D3A5A8-75BC-4556-85FA-8A9F487106DD> /System/Library/Frameworks/Quartz.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/QuartzComposer.framework/Versions/A/QuartzComposer 0x928c3000 - 0x92913ff7 com.apple.framework.familycontrols 2.0 (2.0) <50617342-E578-4C1C-938A-19A37ECA91CA> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/FamilyControls.framework/Versions/A/FamilyControls 0x92914000 - 0x92c0dfef com.apple.QuickTime 7.6.3 (1584) <687233E1-F428-5224-08D5-5874BEA2300D> /System/Library/Frameworks/QuickTime.framework/Versions/A/QuickTime 0x92c22000 - 0x92d62ff7 com.apple.syncservices 5.0 (575) <61B36E07-6D14-97DC-122F-41EDE1F6DB03> /System/Library/Frameworks/SyncServices.framework/Versions/A/SyncServices 0x92d6e000 - 0x92d9fff3 libTrueTypeScaler.dylib ??? (???) <F326E053-7425-2F10-F883-CBD56A1E1B72> /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ATS.framework/Versions/A/Resources/libTrueTypeScaler.dylib 0x92da0000 - 0x92dc0fe7 libresolv.9.dylib ??? (???) <A48921CB-3FA7-3071-AF9C-2D86FB493A3A> /usr/lib/libresolv.9.dylib 0x92dca000 - 0x92ed7ff7 com.apple.MediaToolbox 0.420.17 (420.17) <EE843140-C79F-3D8C-B89E-893CD74C3633> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/MediaToolbox.framework/Versions/A/MediaToolbox 0x92f4a000 - 0x92ff9fe3 com.apple.QuickTimeImporters.component 7.6.3 (1584) <34BF4FBA-BFCD-9A47-4BA9-E2B155C5C881> /System/Library/QuickTime/QuickTimeImporters.component/Contents/MacOS/QuickTimeImporters 0x92ffa000 - 0x930a9fef com.apple.ColorSync 4.6.0 (4.6.0) <66ABAE86-B0EC-D641-913D-08ACA965F9FA> /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ColorSync.framework/Versions/A/ColorSync 0x930aa000 - 0x931a0ff7 libGLProgrammability.dylib ??? (???) <B8E40851-3A01-7D01-2F96-537BF7FA63B5> /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/Libraries/libGLProgrammability.dylib 0x931a8000 - 0x93200fe7 com.apple.datadetectorscore 2.0 (80.7) <A40AA74A-9D13-2A6C-5440-B50905923251> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/DataDetectorsCore.framework/Versions/A/DataDetectorsCore 0x93201000 - 0x93228ff7 com.apple.quartzfilters 1.6.0 (1.6.0) <879A3B93-87A6-88FE-305D-DF1EAED04756> /System/Library/Frameworks/Quartz.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/QuartzFilters.framework/Versions/A/QuartzFilters 0x93229000 - 0x9327aff7 com.apple.HIServices 1.8.0 (???) <B8EC13DB-A81A-91BF-8C82-66E840C64C91> /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/HIServices.framework/Versions/A/HIServices 0x9327b000 - 0x932b6fe7 com.apple.DebugSymbols 1.1 (70) <05013716-CFCF-801E-5535-D0643869BDCD> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/DebugSymbols.framework/Versions/A/DebugSymbols 0x932b7000 - 0x93304feb com.apple.DirectoryService.PasswordServerFramework 6.0 (6.0) <BF66BA5D-BBC8-78A5-DBE2-F9DE3DD1D775> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/PasswordServer.framework/Versions/A/PasswordServer 0x93305000 - 0x93319ffb com.apple.speech.synthesis.framework 3.10.35 (3.10.35) <57DD5458-4F24-DA7D-0927-C3321A65D743> /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/SpeechSynthesis.framework/Versions/A/SpeechSynthesis 0x9331a000 - 0x9335eff3 com.apple.coreui 0.2 (112) <A810DFFD-6314-5E2B-93A4-D5626634B1EE> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/CoreUI.framework/Versions/A/CoreUI 0x9335f000 - 0x93418fe7 libsqlite3.dylib ??? (???) <16CEF8E8-8C9A-94CD-EF5D-05477844C005> /usr/lib/libsqlite3.dylib 0x93419000 - 0x93473ff7 com.apple.framework.IOKit 2.0 (???) <7618DDEC-2E3B-9C6E-FDC9-15169E24B4FB> /System/Library/Frameworks/IOKit.framework/Versions/A/IOKit 0x93474000 - 0x934edff3 com.apple.audio.CoreAudio 3.2.0 (3.2) <91AE891E-6015-AABE-3512-2D5EBCA0937B> /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreAudio.framework/Versions/A/CoreAudio 0x934ee000 - 0x935effe7 libxml2.2.dylib ??? (???) <C242A74D-280A-90C3-3F79-891624AA45D2> /usr/lib/libxml2.2.dylib 0x935f0000 - 0x93634fe7 com.apple.Metadata 10.6.0 (507.1) <CBD1B22B-5F10-C784-03A2-35106B97DF3F> /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/Metadata.framework/Versions/A/Metadata 0x93635000 - 0x93637ff7 com.apple.QuickTimeH264.component 7.6.3 (1584) /System/Library/QuickTime/QuickTimeH264.component/Contents/MacOS/QuickTimeH264 0x93639000 - 0x93654ff7 libPng.dylib ??? 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