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  • Why friend overloaded operator is preferred to conversion operator in this case

    - by skydoor
    Hi I have a code like this, I think both the friend overloaded operator and conversion operator have the similar function. However, why does the friend overloaded operator is called in this case? What's the rules? Thanks so much! class A{ double i; public: A(int i):i(i) {} operator double () const { cout<<"conversion operator"<<endl;return i;} // a conversion operator friend bool operator>(int i, A a); // a friend funcion of operator > }; bool operator>(int i, A a ){ cout<<"Friend"<<endl; return i>a.i; } int main() { A aa(1); if (0 > aa){ return 1; } }

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  • GPS with J2ME polish

    - by JV
    Hi all, I'm developing an GPS based application with J2ME and J2ME polish(2.1.2), i'm facing problems for accessing the location class. I'm getting the following exception Exception in thread "event-thread" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: aa.a(I)V Nokia/N95: at aa.a(Native Method) Nokia/N95: at ae.<clinit>(Unknown Source) Nokia/N95: at b.j(Unknown Source) Nokia/N95: at com.allstate.mini.MINIMidlet.commandAction(Unknown Source) Nokia/N95: at ax.b(Unknown Source) Nokia/N95: at u.b(Unknown Source) Nokia/N95: at al.d(Unknown Source) Nokia/N95: at bd.keyReleased(Unknown Source) Nokia/N95: at javax.microedition.lcdui.Display$KeyEvent.run(Display.java:158) Nokia/N95: at org.microemu.device.ui.EventDispatcher.post(EventDispatcher.java:144) Nokia/N95: at org.microemu.device.ui.EventDispatcher.run(EventDispatcher.java:74) Nokia/N95: at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source) Please help...

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  • Python equivalent of Java's compareTo()

    - by astay13
    I'm doing a project in Python (3.2) for which I need to compare user defined objects. I'm used to OOP in Java, where one would define a compareTo() method in the class that specifies the natural ordering of that class, as in the example below: public class Foo { int a, b; public Foo(int aa, int bb) { a = aa; b = bb; } public int compareTo(Foo that) { // return a negative number if this < that // return 0 if this == that // return a positive number if this > that if (this.a == that.a) return this.b - that.b; else return this.a - that.a; } } I'm fairly new to classes/objects in Python, so I'd like to know what is the "pythonic" way to define the natural ordering of a class?

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  • list of polymorphic objects

    - by LivingThing
    I have a particular scenario below. The code below should print 'say()' function of B and C class and print 'B says..' and 'C says...' but it doesn't .Any ideas.. I am learning polymorphism so also have commented few questions related to it on the lines of code below. class A { public: // A() {} virtual void say() { std::cout << "Said IT ! " << std::endl; } virtual ~A(); //why virtual destructor ? }; void methodCall() // does it matters if the inherited class from A is in this method { class B : public A{ public: // virtual ~B(); //significance of virtual destructor in 'child' class virtual void say () // does the overrided method also has to be have the keyword 'virtual' { cout << "B Sayssss.... " << endl; } }; class C : public A{ public: //virtual ~C(); virtual void say () { cout << "C Says " << endl; } }; list<A> listOfAs; list<A>::iterator it; # 1st scenario B bObj; C cObj; A *aB = &bObj; A *aC = &cObj; # 2nd scenario // A aA; // B *Ba = &aA; // C *Ca = &aA; // I am declaring the objects as in 1st scenario but how about 2nd scenario, is this suppose to work too? listOfAs.insert(it,*aB); listOfAs.insert(it,*aC); for (it=listOfAs.begin(); it!=listOfAs.end(); it++) { cout << *it.say() << endl; } } int main() { methodCall(); retrun 0; }

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  • In Haskell, how can you sort a list of infinite lists of strings?

    - by HaskellNoob
    So basically, if I have a (finite or infinite) list of (finite or infinite) lists of strings, is it possible to sort the list by length first and then by lexicographic order, excluding duplicates? A sample input/output would be: Input: [["a", "b",...], ["a", "aa", "aaa"], ["b", "bb", "bbb",...], ...] Output: ["a", "b", "aa", "bb", "aaa", "bbb", ...] I know that the input list is not a valid haskell expression but suppose that there is an input like that. I tried using merge algorithm but it tends to hang on the inputs that I give it. Can somebody explain and show a decent sorting function that can do this? If there isn't any function like that, can you explain why? In case somebody didn't understand what I meant by the sorting order, I meant that shortest length strings are sorted first AND if one or more strings are of same length then they are sorted using < operator. Thanks!

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  • formatting NSArray

    - by califguy
    So from the code below, I have managed to get the string *tempstring into an array chunk. Now chunk[0] contains 'a' while chunk[1] contains 'aa'. I am trying to format chunk[0] to '0a' which I can using the replaceObjectAtIndex method. Here's my question: How do I detect that chunk[0] is formatted as 'a' and not '0a'. I want to check all the indexes and make sure they have double digits and if not use a 0 to prefix it. NSString *tempstring = @"a-aa-bb"; NSMutableArray *chunk = [tempstring componentsSeparatedByString: @"-"]; NSLog(@"%@",[chunk objectAtIndex:0]);

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  • Convert Hexadecimal String to Data

    - by AriX
    Hi Stack Overflow, I have found a whole lot of different solutions to this problem, but not all of them work, and a lot of them seem somewhat hacky and inefficient. Basically I have a string of hexadecimal data (i.e. "55 AA 41 2A 00 94 55 AA BB BB 00 FF") which I would like to convert to raw data. What is the best way to do this? UPDATE: Vicky's solution worked great for me, but I changed it to work with hexadecimal strings that don't have spaces in between and changed the style a bit. int i = 0; char *hexString = "55AA412A009455AABBBB00FF" char *hexPtr = hexString; unsigned int *result = calloc(strlen(hexString)/2 + 1, sizeof *result); while (sscanf(hexPtr, "%02x", &result[i++])) { hexPtr += 2; if (hexPtr >= hexString + strlen(hexString)) break; } return result;

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  • what does the @ symbol mean in ls -l directory listing?

    - by Andrew Arrow
    When I run ls -l on my mac I see two .yml files: -rw-r--r-- 1 aa staff 6 Apr 15 05:50 s1.yml -rw-r--r--@ 1 aa staff 362 Apr 15 05:49 s3.yml same owner, same permissions but one has a @ at the end of the permisions. The one with the @ shows up in my editor, the one without does not. So there must be some significance. How can I turn on the @ for the file without it? I selected the files in the finder and did get info and everything looks identical between the two files.

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  • match elements from two files, how to write the intended format to a new file

    - by user2489612
    I am trying to update my text file by matching the first column to another updated file's first column, after match it, it will update the old file. Here is my old file: Name Chr Pos ind1 in2 in3 ind4 foot 1 5 aa bb cc ford 3 9 bb cc 00 fake 3 13 dd ee ff fool 1 5 ee ff gg fork 1 3 ff gg ee Here is the new file: Name Chr Pos foot 1 5 fool 2 5 fork 2 6 ford 3 9 fake 3 13 The updated file will be like: Name Chr Pos ind1 in2 in3 ind4 foot 1 5 aa bb cc fool 2 5 ee ff gg fork 2 6 ff gg ee ford 3 9 bb cc 00 fake 3 13 dd ee ff Here is my code: #!/usr/bin/env python import sys inputfile_1 = sys.argv[1] inputfile_2 = sys.argv[2] outputfile = sys.argv[3] inputfile1 = open(inputfile_1, 'r') inputfile2 = open(inputfile_2, 'r') outputfile = open(outputfile, 'w') ind = inputfile1.readlines() cm = inputfile2.readlines()[1:] outputfile.write(ind[0]) #add header for i in ind: i = i.split() for j in cm: j = j.split() if j[0] == i[0]: outputfile.writelines(j[0:3] + i[3:]) inputfile1.close() inputfile2.close() outputfile.close() When I ran it, it returned a single column rather than the format i wanted, any suggestions? Thanks!

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  • Can a repeated piece of regular expression create multiple groups? Such as this example...

    - by Yousui
    Hi guys, I'm using RUBY 's regular expression to deal with text such as ${1:aaa|bbbb} ${233:aaa | bbbb | ccc ccccc } ${34: aaa | bbbb | cccccccc |d} ${343: aaa | bbbb | cccccccc |dddddd ddddddddd} ${3443:a aa|bbbb|cccccccc|d} ${353:aa a| b b b b | c c c c c c c c | dddddd} I want to get the trimed text between each pipe line. For example, for the first line of my upper example, I want to get the result aaa and bbbb, for the second line, I want aaa, bbbb and ccc ccccc. Now I have wrote a piece of regular expression and a piece of ruby code to test it: array = "${33:aaa|bbbb|cccccccc}".scan(/\$\{\s*(\d+)\s*:(\s*[^\|]+\s*)(?:\|(\s*[^\|]+\s*))+\}/) puts array Now my problem is the (?:\|(\s*[^\|]+\s*))+ part can't create multiple groups. I don't know how to solve this problem, because the number of text I need in each line is variable. Anyone can help? Great thanks.

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  • bytea type & nulls, Postgres

    - by Thanatos
    I'm using a bytea type in PostgreSQL, which, to my understanding, contains just a series of bytes. However, I can't get it to play well with nulls. For example: =# select length(E'aa\x00aa'::bytea); length -------- 2 (1 row) I was expecting 5. Also: =# select md5(E'aa\x00aa'::bytea); md5 ---------------------------------- 4124bc0a9335c27f086f24ba207a4912 (1 row) That's the MD5 of "aa", not "aa\x00aa". Clearly, I'm Doing It Wrong, but I don't know what I'm doing wrong. I'm also on an older version of Postgres (8.1.11) for reasons outside of my control. (I'll see if this behaves the same on the latest Postgres as soon as I get home...)

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  • using Object input\ output Streams with files and array list

    - by soad el-hayek
    hi every one .. i'm an it student , and it's time to finish my final project in java , i've faced too many problems , this one i couldn't solve it and i'm really ubset ! :S my code is like this : in Admin class : public ArrayList cos_info = new ArrayList(); public ArrayList cas_info = new ArrayList(); public int cos_count = 0 ; public int cas_count = 0 ; void coustmer_acount() throws FileNotFoundException, IOException{ String add=null; do{ person p = new person() ; cos_info.add(cos_count, p); cos_count ++ ; add =JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Do you want to add more coustmer..\n'y'foryes ..\n 'n'for No .."); } while(add.charAt(0) == 'Y'||add.charAt(0)=='y'); writenew_cos(); // add_acounts(); } void writenew_cos() throws IOException{ ObjectOutputStream aa = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("coustmer.txt")); aa.writeObject(cos_info); JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Added to file done sucessfuly.."); aa.close(); } in Coustmer class : void read_cos() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException{ person p1= null ; int array_count = 0; ObjectInputStream d = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStrea ("coustmer.txt")); JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,d.available() ); for(int i = 0;d.available() == 0;i++){ a.add(array_count,(ArrayList) d.readObject()); array_count++; JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Haaaaai :D" ); JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,array_count ); } d.close(); JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,array_count +"1111" ); for(int i = 0 ; i<a.size()&& found!= true ; i++){ count++ ; p1 =(person)a.get(i); user=p1.user; pass = p1.pass; cas_checkpass(); } } it just print JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,d.available() ); and having excep. here a.add(array_count,(ArrayList) d.readObject()); p.s : person object from my own class and it's Serializabled

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  • Code corresponding to leaks with Visual Leak Detector

    - by matt
    I am trying to use Visual Leak Detector in Visual Studio 2008, here is an example of the output I get: Detected memory leaks! Dumping objects -> {204} normal block at 0x036C1568, 1920 bytes long. Data: < > 80 08 AB 03 00 01 AB 03 80 F9 AA 03 00 F2 AA 03 {203} normal block at 0x0372CC68, 40 bytes long. Data: <( > 28 00 00 00 80 02 00 00 E0 01 00 00 01 00 18 00 {202} normal block at 0x0372CC00, 44 bytes long. Data: << E > 3C 16 45 00 80 02 00 00 E0 01 00 00 01 00 00 00 The user's guide says to click on any line to jump to the corresponding file/line of code ; I tried clicking on every line but nothing happens! What am I missing?

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  • How to remove all words written in capital letters ONLY (by using sed and/or awk)

    - by Virtual_Lotos
    I am trying to delete all words written in capital letters only by using sed: sed -r "s/\b[A-Z]\w*\s*//g" < file1 > file2 But this solution capture all the words starting with capital letters and delete them (this in not the goal). Here's an example: file1 content: AAAAAAAAAAAA BBbbbbb AbAbAbAb aaaaaBBBBB AAAAAA BBBBBB A1-B1 a1-b1 A1-b1 AA AAAAA BBBBB AAAAA Abbbb AAA AAAAA AAAABB Abbbb Baaaa Aaaaa AB AAAAAA1 BBBBBBb AAAAAA 1 BBBBBB b Result should be like this (file2 content): BBbbbbb AbAbAbAb aaaaaBBBBB A1-B1 a1-b1 A1-b1 AA Abbbb AAA Abbbb Baaaa Aaaaa AB AAAAAA1 BBBBBBb AAAAAA 1 BBBBBB b Each line of at least one digit or one lowercase letter should remain intact (should not be deleted).

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  • Adding Values to a Byte Array

    - by rross
    I'm starting with the two values below: finalString = "38,05,e1,5f,aa,5f,aa,d0"; string[] holder = finalString.Split(','); I'm looping thru holder like so: foreach (string item in holder) { //concatenate 0x and add the value to a byte array } On each iteration I would like to concatenate a 0x to make it a hex value and add it to a byte array. This is what I want the byte array to be like when I finish the loop: byte[] c = new byte[]{0x38,0x05,0xe1,0x5f,0xaa,0x5f,0xaa,0xd0}; So far all my attempts have not been successful. Can someone point me in the right direction?

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  • How to make a pause before continuing method

    - by user1766728
    Now, I know that this has been asked, but I need to know how to do this NOT on html or anything. Heres my code, not including all of the other java files. package rtype; import java.awt.Image; import java.awt.event.KeyEvent; import java.util.ArrayList; import javax.swing.ImageIcon; public class aa { private int xd; private int yd; private int dx; private int dy; private int x; private int y; private Image image; private ArrayList missiles; private final int CRAFT_SIZE = 70; public aa() { ImageIcon ii = new ImageIcon(this.getClass().getResource("/aa.png")); image = ii.getImage(); missiles = new ArrayList(); x = 10; y = 10; xd = -14; yd = 140; } public void move() { if(y >=xd) y += dx; else if(y < xd) y += 1; if(y <=yd) y += dy; else if(y > yd) y += -1; } public int getX() { return x; } public int getY() { return y; } public Image getImage() { return image; } public ArrayList getMissiles() { return missiles; } public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) { int key = e.getKeyCode(); if (key == KeyEvent.VK_SPACE) { fire(); } if (key == KeyEvent.VK_UP) { dy = -1; } if (key == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN) { dy = 1; } if (key == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT) { yd++; } if (key == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT) { yd--; } if (key == KeyEvent.VK_W) { xd++; } if (key == KeyEvent.VK_S) { xd--; } } public void fire() { try{ missiles.add(new Missle(x + CRAFT_SIZE, y + CRAFT_SIZE)); }catch(Exception e){} } public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) { int key = e.getKeyCode(); if (key == KeyEvent.VK_UP) { dy = 0; } if (key == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN) { dy = 0; } } } So, at the method, fire(), I want to make it delay between shots. HOW? sorry if this is n00bish

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  • Reason for unintuitive UnboundLocalError behaviour 2

    - by Jonathan
    Following up on Reason for unintuitive UnboundLocalError behaviour (I will assume you've read it). Consider the following Python script: def f(): # a+=1 # 1 aa=a aa+=1 # b+='b' # 2 bb=b bb+='b' c[0]+='c' # 3 c.append('c') cc=c cc.append('c') # 4 a=1 b='b' c=['c'] f() print a print b print c The result of the script is: 1 b ['cc', 'c', 'c'] The commented out lines (marked 1,2) are lines that would through an UnboundLocalError and the SO question I referenced explains why. However, the line marked 3 works! By default, lists are copied by reference in Python, therefore it's understandable that c changes when cc changes. But why should Python allow c to change in the first place, if it didn't allow changes to a and b directly from the method's scope? I don't see how the fact that by default lists are copied by reference in Python should make this design decision inconsistent. What am I missing folks?

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  • How do I specify a dynamic position for the start of substring?

    - by analyticsPierce
    As in the example, I am trying to substring the Video_full column in a data.frame (video_data_2) I am working on. I want to keep all the characters after the period. The period is always present, there is only one period and it is in a different position in each value for the column. Date Video_full Instances 1 Apr 1, 2010 installs/AA.intro_video_1 546 2 Apr 1, 2010 installs/ABAC.intro_video_2 548 I got substring to work; video_data_2$Video_full <- substring(video_data_2$Video_full,11) And strsplit also; strsplit("installs/AA.intro_video_1 ",'[.]') I'm just not able to figure out how to start the substring in a dynamic position or only keep the second value returned by strsplit. Thanks for any help you can offer for a simple question.

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  • jQuery reference to (this) does not work?

    - by FFish
    I have this href link with text either "attivo" or "non attivo" User can set the item to 'active' or 'closed' in the database with an ajax request $.post() I have 2 questions for these: I can't get the reference to $(this) to work.. I tried it with a normal link and it works, but not wrapped in if/else?? How can I prevent the user from clicking more than one time on the link and submitting several request? Is this a valid concern? Do I need some sort of a small timer or something? First I was thinking about a javascript confirm message, but that's pretty annoying for this function.. HTML: <dl id='album-list'> <dt id="dt-2">some title</dt> <dd id="dd-2"> some description<br /> <div class='links-right'>status: <a class='toggle-active' href='#'>non attivo</a></div> </dd> </dl> <a class="test" href="#">test</a> JS: $('dd a.toggle-active').click(function() { var a_ref = $(this); var id = a_ref.parent().parent().attr('id').substring(3); if (a_ref.text() == "non attivo") { var new_active = "active"; // for db in english $.post("ajax-aa.php", {album_id:id, album_active:new_active}, function(data) { // alert("success"); a_ref.text("non attivo"); // change href text }); } else { var new_active = "closed"; // for db in english $.post("ajax-aa.php", {album_id:id, album_active:new_active}, function(data) { // alert("success"); a_ref.text("attivo"); // change href text }); } return false; }); $('a.test').click(function() { var a_ref = $(this); $.post("ajax-aa.php", {album_id:2, album_active:"active"}, function(data) { a_ref.text("changed"); }); return false; })

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  • Webcenter and accessability

    - by angelo.santagata
    Got asked about webcenter accessability today, and the answer is obsolutely yes Oracle WebCenter 11gR1 has been tested against Oracle's Accessibility Guidelines (OGHAG), that combine guidelines of Section 508 and WCAG 1.0 'AA'. Here are the links to the product VPATs: VPAT for WebCenter Framework 11gR1: http://www.oracle.com/accessibility/templates/t1008.html VPAT for WebCenter Spaces 11gR1: http://www.oracle.com/accessibility/templates/t1684.html WebCenter 11gR1 PS1 has been tested against the current iteration of OGHAG, that factors in WCAG 2.0.

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  • How to store generated eigen faces for future face recognition?

    - by user3237134
    My code works in the following manner: 1.First, it obtains several images from the training set 2.After loading these images, we find the normalized faces,mean face and perform several calculation. 3.Next, we ask for the name of an image we want to recognize 4.We then project the input image into the eigenspace, and based on the difference from the eigenfaces we make a decision. 5.Depending on eigen weight vector for each input image we make clusters using kmeans command. Source code i tried: clear all close all clc % number of images on your training set. M=1200; %Chosen std and mean. %It can be any number that it is close to the std and mean of most of the images. um=60; ustd=32; %read and show images(bmp); S=[]; %img matrix for i=1:M str=strcat(int2str(i),'.jpg'); %concatenates two strings that form the name of the image eval('img=imread(str);'); [irow icol d]=size(img); % get the number of rows (N1) and columns (N2) temp=reshape(permute(img,[2,1,3]),[irow*icol,d]); %creates a (N1*N2)x1 matrix S=[S temp]; %X is a N1*N2xM matrix after finishing the sequence %this is our S end %Here we change the mean and std of all images. We normalize all images. %This is done to reduce the error due to lighting conditions. for i=1:size(S,2) temp=double(S(:,i)); m=mean(temp); st=std(temp); S(:,i)=(temp-m)*ustd/st+um; end %show normalized images for i=1:M str=strcat(int2str(i),'.jpg'); img=reshape(S(:,i),icol,irow); img=img'; end %mean image; m=mean(S,2); %obtains the mean of each row instead of each column tmimg=uint8(m); %converts to unsigned 8-bit integer. Values range from 0 to 255 img=reshape(tmimg,icol,irow); %takes the N1*N2x1 vector and creates a N2xN1 matrix img=img'; %creates a N1xN2 matrix by transposing the image. % Change image for manipulation dbx=[]; % A matrix for i=1:M temp=double(S(:,i)); dbx=[dbx temp]; end %Covariance matrix C=A'A, L=AA' A=dbx'; L=A*A'; % vv are the eigenvector for L % dd are the eigenvalue for both L=dbx'*dbx and C=dbx*dbx'; [vv dd]=eig(L); % Sort and eliminate those whose eigenvalue is zero v=[]; d=[]; for i=1:size(vv,2) if(dd(i,i)>1e-4) v=[v vv(:,i)]; d=[d dd(i,i)]; end end %sort, will return an ascending sequence [B index]=sort(d); ind=zeros(size(index)); dtemp=zeros(size(index)); vtemp=zeros(size(v)); len=length(index); for i=1:len dtemp(i)=B(len+1-i); ind(i)=len+1-index(i); vtemp(:,ind(i))=v(:,i); end d=dtemp; v=vtemp; %Normalization of eigenvectors for i=1:size(v,2) %access each column kk=v(:,i); temp=sqrt(sum(kk.^2)); v(:,i)=v(:,i)./temp; end %Eigenvectors of C matrix u=[]; for i=1:size(v,2) temp=sqrt(d(i)); u=[u (dbx*v(:,i))./temp]; end %Normalization of eigenvectors for i=1:size(u,2) kk=u(:,i); temp=sqrt(sum(kk.^2)); u(:,i)=u(:,i)./temp; end % show eigenfaces; for i=1:size(u,2) img=reshape(u(:,i),icol,irow); img=img'; img=histeq(img,255); end % Find the weight of each face in the training set. omega = []; for h=1:size(dbx,2) WW=[]; for i=1:size(u,2) t = u(:,i)'; WeightOfImage = dot(t,dbx(:,h)'); WW = [WW; WeightOfImage]; end omega = [omega WW]; end % Acquire new image % Note: the input image must have a bmp or jpg extension. % It should have the same size as the ones in your training set. % It should be placed on your desktop ed_min=[]; srcFiles = dir('G:\newdatabase\*.jpg'); % the folder in which ur images exists for b = 1 : length(srcFiles) filename = strcat('G:\newdatabase\',srcFiles(b).name); Imgdata = imread(filename); InputImage=Imgdata; InImage=reshape(permute((double(InputImage)),[2,1,3]),[irow*icol,1]); temp=InImage; me=mean(temp); st=std(temp); temp=(temp-me)*ustd/st+um; NormImage = temp; Difference = temp-m; p = []; aa=size(u,2); for i = 1:aa pare = dot(NormImage,u(:,i)); p = [p; pare]; end InImWeight = []; for i=1:size(u,2) t = u(:,i)'; WeightOfInputImage = dot(t,Difference'); InImWeight = [InImWeight; WeightOfInputImage]; end noe=numel(InImWeight); % Find Euclidean distance e=[]; for i=1:size(omega,2) q = omega(:,i); DiffWeight = InImWeight-q; mag = norm(DiffWeight); e = [e mag]; end ed_min=[ed_min MinimumValue]; theta=6.0e+03; %disp(e) z(b,:)=InImWeight; end IDX = kmeans(z,5); clustercount=accumarray(IDX, ones(size(IDX))); disp(clustercount); QUESTIONS: 1.It is working fine for M=50(i.e Training set contains 50 images) but not for M=1200(i.e Training set contains 1200 images).It is not showing any error.There is no output.I waited for 10 min still there is no output. I think it is going infinite loop.What is the problem?Where i was wrong? 2.Instead of running the training set everytime how eigen faces generated are stored so that stored eigen faces are used for future face recoginition for a new input image.So it reduces wastage of time.

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  • Vectorization of matlab code for faster execution

    - by user3237134
    My code works in the following manner: 1.First, it obtains several images from the training set 2.After loading these images, we find the normalized faces,mean face and perform several calculation. 3.Next, we ask for the name of an image we want to recognize 4.We then project the input image into the eigenspace, and based on the difference from the eigenfaces we make a decision. 5.Depending on eigen weight vector for each input image we make clusters using kmeans command. Source code i tried: clear all close all clc % number of images on your training set. M=1200; %Chosen std and mean. %It can be any number that it is close to the std and mean of most of the images. um=60; ustd=32; %read and show images(bmp); S=[]; %img matrix for i=1:M str=strcat(int2str(i),'.jpg'); %concatenates two strings that form the name of the image eval('img=imread(str);'); [irow icol d]=size(img); % get the number of rows (N1) and columns (N2) temp=reshape(permute(img,[2,1,3]),[irow*icol,d]); %creates a (N1*N2)x1 matrix S=[S temp]; %X is a N1*N2xM matrix after finishing the sequence %this is our S end %Here we change the mean and std of all images. We normalize all images. %This is done to reduce the error due to lighting conditions. for i=1:size(S,2) temp=double(S(:,i)); m=mean(temp); st=std(temp); S(:,i)=(temp-m)*ustd/st+um; end %show normalized images for i=1:M str=strcat(int2str(i),'.jpg'); img=reshape(S(:,i),icol,irow); img=img'; end %mean image; m=mean(S,2); %obtains the mean of each row instead of each column tmimg=uint8(m); %converts to unsigned 8-bit integer. Values range from 0 to 255 img=reshape(tmimg,icol,irow); %takes the N1*N2x1 vector and creates a N2xN1 matrix img=img'; %creates a N1xN2 matrix by transposing the image. % Change image for manipulation dbx=[]; % A matrix for i=1:M temp=double(S(:,i)); dbx=[dbx temp]; end %Covariance matrix C=A'A, L=AA' A=dbx'; L=A*A'; % vv are the eigenvector for L % dd are the eigenvalue for both L=dbx'*dbx and C=dbx*dbx'; [vv dd]=eig(L); % Sort and eliminate those whose eigenvalue is zero v=[]; d=[]; for i=1:size(vv,2) if(dd(i,i)>1e-4) v=[v vv(:,i)]; d=[d dd(i,i)]; end end %sort, will return an ascending sequence [B index]=sort(d); ind=zeros(size(index)); dtemp=zeros(size(index)); vtemp=zeros(size(v)); len=length(index); for i=1:len dtemp(i)=B(len+1-i); ind(i)=len+1-index(i); vtemp(:,ind(i))=v(:,i); end d=dtemp; v=vtemp; %Normalization of eigenvectors for i=1:size(v,2) %access each column kk=v(:,i); temp=sqrt(sum(kk.^2)); v(:,i)=v(:,i)./temp; end %Eigenvectors of C matrix u=[]; for i=1:size(v,2) temp=sqrt(d(i)); u=[u (dbx*v(:,i))./temp]; end %Normalization of eigenvectors for i=1:size(u,2) kk=u(:,i); temp=sqrt(sum(kk.^2)); u(:,i)=u(:,i)./temp; end % show eigenfaces; for i=1:size(u,2) img=reshape(u(:,i),icol,irow); img=img'; img=histeq(img,255); end % Find the weight of each face in the training set. omega = []; for h=1:size(dbx,2) WW=[]; for i=1:size(u,2) t = u(:,i)'; WeightOfImage = dot(t,dbx(:,h)'); WW = [WW; WeightOfImage]; end omega = [omega WW]; end % Acquire new image % Note: the input image must have a bmp or jpg extension. % It should have the same size as the ones in your training set. % It should be placed on your desktop ed_min=[]; srcFiles = dir('G:\newdatabase\*.jpg'); % the folder in which ur images exists for b = 1 : length(srcFiles) filename = strcat('G:\newdatabase\',srcFiles(b).name); Imgdata = imread(filename); InputImage=Imgdata; InImage=reshape(permute((double(InputImage)),[2,1,3]),[irow*icol,1]); temp=InImage; me=mean(temp); st=std(temp); temp=(temp-me)*ustd/st+um; NormImage = temp; Difference = temp-m; p = []; aa=size(u,2); for i = 1:aa pare = dot(NormImage,u(:,i)); p = [p; pare]; end InImWeight = []; for i=1:size(u,2) t = u(:,i)'; WeightOfInputImage = dot(t,Difference'); InImWeight = [InImWeight; WeightOfInputImage]; end noe=numel(InImWeight); % Find Euclidean distance e=[]; for i=1:size(omega,2) q = omega(:,i); DiffWeight = InImWeight-q; mag = norm(DiffWeight); e = [e mag]; end ed_min=[ed_min MinimumValue]; theta=6.0e+03; %disp(e) z(b,:)=InImWeight; end IDX = kmeans(z,5); clustercount=accumarray(IDX, ones(size(IDX))); disp(clustercount); Running time for 50 images:Elapsed time is 103.947573 seconds. QUESTIONS: 1.It is working fine for M=50(i.e Training set contains 50 images) but not for M=1200(i.e Training set contains 1200 images).It is not showing any error.There is no output.I waited for 10 min still there is no output. I think it is going infinite loop.What is the problem?Where i was wrong?

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  • GRUB doesn't recognize partitions on one harddisk

    - by knizz
    I have a dualboot computer with Windows Vista (on hd0) and Ubuntu 9.10. The bootloader is GRUB and the windows bootloader lets me decide between Vista and Ubuntu-Installation (broken WuBi). But now (i don't know why that changed) I can't use start the windows-bootloader anymore. I tried "ls" on the grub-prompt and it gave me a list like: (hd0) (hd1) (hd1,0) (hd1,1) (hd1,2) ... (fd0) It recognizes all partitions of hd1 (the ubuntu-harddisk) but not of hd0(the win-disk). .. WHY? Here is the result of the "boot info script" for the technical details: Boot Info Script 0.55 dated February 15th, 2010 ============================= Boot Info Summary: ============================== => Grub 2 is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks for (UUID=a7c510e3-2399-437b-ab92-fa609e48d63f)/boot/grub. => No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb sda1: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Windows Vista Boot files/dirs: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD /Windows/System32/winload.exe /wubildr.mbr /wubildr sda2: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files/dirs: sdb1: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: Boot sector type: Unknown Boot sector info: Mounting failed: mount: unbekannter Dateisystemtyp „“ sdb2: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files/dirs: sdb3: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: Bios Boot Partition Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: sdb4: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Ubuntu 9.10 Boot files/dirs: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /boot/grub/core.img sdb5: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: =========================== Drive/Partition Info: ============================= Drive: sda ___________________ _____________________________________________________ Platte /dev/sda: 640.1 GByte, 640135028736 Byte 255 Köpfe, 63 Sektoren/Spuren, 77825 Zylinder, zusammen 1250263728 Sektoren Einheiten = Sektoren von 1 × 512 = 512 Bytes Disk identifier: 0x52554d66 Partition Boot Start End Size Id System /dev/sda1 * 2,048 307,202,047 307,200,000 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda2 307,202,048 1,250,258,943 943,056,896 7 HPFS/NTFS Drive: sdb ___________________ _____________________________________________________ Platte /dev/sdb: 640.1 GByte, 640135028736 Byte 255 Köpfe, 63 Sektoren/Spuren, 77825 Zylinder, zusammen 1250263728 Sektoren Einheiten = Sektoren von 1 × 512 = 512 Bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Partition Boot Start End Size Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1,250,263,727 1,250,263,727 ee GPT GUID Partition Table detected. Partition Start End Size System /dev/sdb1 34 262,177 262,144 Microsoft Windows /dev/sdb2 262,178 1,131,253,933 1,130,991,756 Linux or Data /dev/sdb3 1,131,253,934 1,131,255,887 1,954 Bios Boot Partition /dev/sdb4 1,131,255,888 1,245,312,528 114,056,641 Linux or Data /dev/sdb5 1,245,312,529 1,250,263,694 4,951,166 Linux Swap blkid -c /dev/null: ____________________________________________________________ Device UUID TYPE LABEL /dev/sda1 AE1440441440122F ntfs /dev/sda2 3AE66E4DE66E0A09 ntfs data /dev/sdb2 5419D16119DAA4DE ntfs LaufwerkD /dev/sdb4 a7c510e3-2399-437b-ab92-fa609e48d63f ext4 /dev/sdb5 60a0143a-e01b-450a-bbd1-f22059e47b65 swap ============================ "mount | grep ^/dev output: =========================== Device Mount_Point Type Options /dev/sdb4 / ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) =========================== sdb4/boot/grub/grub.cfg: =========================== # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s /boot/grub/grubenv ]; then have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="0" if [ ${prev_saved_entry} ]; then saved_entry=${prev_saved_entry} save_env saved_entry prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry fi insmod ext2 set root=(hd1,4) search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set a7c510e3-2399-437b-ab92-fa609e48d63f if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=640x480 insmod gfxterm insmod vbe if terminal_output gfxterm ; then true ; else # For backward compatibility with versions of terminal.mod that don't # understand terminal_output terminal gfxterm fi fi if [ ${recordfail} = 1 ]; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/white ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### menuentry "Ubuntu, Linux 2.6.31-20-generic" { recordfail=1 if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then save_env recordfail; fi set quiet=1 insmod ext2 set root=(hd1,4) search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set a7c510e3-2399-437b-ab92-fa609e48d63f linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-20-generic root=UUID=a7c510e3-2399-437b-ab92-fa609e48d63f ro quiet splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-20-generic } menuentry "Ubuntu, Linux 2.6.31-20-generic (recovery mode)" { recordfail=1 if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then save_env recordfail; fi insmod ext2 set root=(hd1,4) search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set a7c510e3-2399-437b-ab92-fa609e48d63f linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-20-generic root=UUID=a7c510e3-2399-437b-ab92-fa609e48d63f ro single initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-20-generic } menuentry "Ubuntu, Linux 2.6.31-14-generic" { recordfail=1 if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then save_env recordfail; fi set quiet=1 insmod ext2 set root=(hd1,4) search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set a7c510e3-2399-437b-ab92-fa609e48d63f linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-14-generic root=UUID=a7c510e3-2399-437b-ab92-fa609e48d63f ro quiet splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-14-generic } menuentry "Ubuntu, Linux 2.6.31-14-generic (recovery mode)" { recordfail=1 if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then save_env recordfail; fi insmod ext2 set root=(hd1,4) search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set a7c510e3-2399-437b-ab92-fa609e48d63f linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-14-generic root=UUID=a7c510e3-2399-437b-ab92-fa609e48d63f ro single initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-14-generic } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry "Windows Vista (loader) (on /dev/sda1)" { insmod ntfs set root=(hd0,1) search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set ae1440441440122f chainloader +1 } ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### =============================== sdb4/etc/fstab: =============================== # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid -o value -s UUID' to print the universally unique identifier # for a device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name # devices that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 # / was on /dev/sdb4 during installation UUID=a7c510e3-2399-437b-ab92-fa609e48d63f / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sdb5 during installation UUID=60a0143a-e01b-450a-bbd1-f22059e47b65 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/scd0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0 /dev/fd0 /media/floppy0 auto rw,user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0 =================== sdb4: Location of files loaded by Grub: =================== 583.8GB: boot/grub/core.img 583.8GB: boot/grub/grub.cfg 579.7GB: boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-14-generic 580.0GB: boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-20-generic 579.7GB: boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-14-generic 579.8GB: boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-20-generic 580.0GB: initrd.img 579.7GB: initrd.img.old 579.8GB: vmlinuz 579.7GB: vmlinuz.old =========================== Unknown MBRs/Boot Sectors/etc ======================= Unknown BootLoader on sdb1 00000000 54 34 dc 3b 8b ff 6c fa 3e 59 3d 24 25 af 5f 9b |T4.;..l.>Y=$%._.| 00000010 72 f8 36 3d 56 30 22 fd c6 08 5e 39 7f dc 29 48 |r.6=V0"...^9..)H| 00000020 48 e5 24 52 77 b0 fc 64 b6 ce 48 c3 07 ce b5 81 |H.$Rw..d..H.....| 00000030 06 68 60 4f 6e fb 83 92 df 3a 54 b9 df 21 2a cd |.h`On....:T..!*.| 00000040 1e 2f e2 49 fe cf 81 2d 52 17 1a 4e 66 b4 f3 f0 |./.I...-R..Nf...| 00000050 41 25 e3 96 26 28 fe 19 61 72 75 f8 40 a3 b7 ef |A%..&(..aru.@...| 00000060 5f 79 dc cb 28 44 44 7c 9b 9a 7b 6c 4b 4b 60 0f |_y..(DD|..{lKK`.| 00000070 a9 97 87 bc 85 9f db bb d2 1a 88 9f aa 49 18 d5 |.............I..| 00000080 92 2d db 7e fe f7 8d 7a 18 c0 33 c5 bd 7a 46 07 |.-.~...z..3..zF.| 00000090 c8 27 13 66 94 49 62 9f bc 99 56 55 25 fb 94 a9 |.'.f.Ib...VU%...| 000000a0 3f b2 a7 0a 87 d0 a4 4e 51 f1 09 02 c4 29 eb ff |?......NQ....)..| 000000b0 26 3b 51 3e 5a 0c db ee a6 57 a7 c3 ba a1 74 90 |&;Q>Z....W....t.| 000000c0 ee 70 08 18 cc b8 d0 22 ce 96 c7 cb 68 40 98 20 |.p....."....h@. | 000000d0 49 3d 07 ec df d1 8d cf 19 bc 42 90 70 24 01 b4 |I=........B.p$..| 000000e0 28 cf c6 50 d3 95 5a 1b 18 15 33 c7 b2 a8 95 92 |(..P..Z...3.....| 000000f0 bb 93 fe 18 2b 81 c1 6b 9c 30 f1 65 50 6a 80 3d |....+..k.0.ePj.=| 00000100 74 37 a8 59 a6 51 8a 63 b6 d8 16 9f a9 47 2a 7c |t7.Y.Q.c.....G*|| 00000110 04 a7 fe 69 47 02 bf e9 b7 1b 7a ea 60 5c 3c 53 |...iG.....z.`\<S| 00000120 5b 10 78 dc 4d d2 a8 22 30 45 37 fb 56 06 9f 06 |[.x.M.."0E7.V...| 00000130 aa df cf 87 3a 3e cf 72 f2 e5 a6 c6 aa e2 7c 1c |....:>.r......|.| 00000140 64 c2 fc 80 ce 02 fc 7f 0f c6 60 81 bf cd 3b 5a |d.........`...;Z| 00000150 37 a5 38 1b 0c 1b 39 2e d6 f6 3d a2 36 e5 87 c3 |7.8...9...=.6...| 00000160 17 b5 fd ee 33 c7 ce a3 d9 c2 57 dc ee 85 48 9d |....3.....W...H.| 00000170 33 60 02 cd c5 83 44 44 ea b6 07 25 0a 4b a6 6e |3`....DD...%.K.n| 00000180 fc 51 42 cd 84 0b 65 b6 19 a1 e5 b2 eb 14 0c fa |.QB...e.........| 00000190 24 77 f5 44 6e 5d 39 dd b6 8e cc f8 30 fe 21 46 |$w.Dn]9.....0.!F| 000001a0 9c ff 95 c6 c7 b5 0a df 54 ca d2 ac bc 64 d0 97 |........T....d..| 000001b0 94 54 d9 29 0f 91 60 20 c3 e4 53 c2 b0 e4 40 72 |.T.)..` ..S...@r| 000001c0 7e 25 bc 81 06 ad 05 46 14 a7 e6 71 6b 5c db 9c |~%.....F...qk\..| 000001d0 0a 5e 76 23 ae 06 01 36 98 21 65 2c 90 e7 4b 1a |.^v#...6.!e,..K.| 000001e0 2a 2d 80 a5 48 db 9e 14 e0 9f e9 aa 00 e3 77 32 |*-..H.........w2| 000001f0 0f fd 94 db 55 a6 64 46 be ae ca de da ee 89 68 |....U.dF.......h| 00000200 =======Devices which don't seem to have a corresponding hard drive============== sdc sdd sde

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