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  • Camera for 2.5D Game

    - by me--
    I'm hoping someone can explain this to me like I'm 5, because I've been struggling with this for hours and simply cannot understand what I'm doing wrong. I've written a Camera class for my 2.5D game. The intention is to support world and screen spaces like this: The camera is the black thing on the right. The +Z axis is upwards in that image, with -Z heading downwards. As you can see, both world space and screen space have (0, 0) at their top-left. I started writing some unit tests to prove that my camera was working as expected, and that's where things started getting...strange. My tests plot coordinates in world, view, and screen spaces. Eventually I will use image comparison to assert that they are correct, but for now my test just displays the result. The render logic uses Camera.ViewMatrix to transform world space to view space, and Camera.WorldPointToScreen to transform world space to screen space. Here is an example test: [Fact] public void foo() { var camera = new Camera(new Viewport(0, 0, 250, 100)); DrawingVisual worldRender; DrawingVisual viewRender; DrawingVisual screenRender; this.Render(camera, out worldRender, out viewRender, out screenRender, new Vector3(30, 0, 0), new Vector3(30, 40, 0)); this.ShowRenders(camera, worldRender, viewRender, screenRender); } And here's what pops up when I run this test: World space looks OK, although I suspect the z axis is going into the screen instead of towards the viewer. View space has me completely baffled. I was expecting the camera to be sitting above (0, 0) and looking towards the center of the scene. Instead, the z axis seems to be the wrong way around, and the camera is positioned in the opposite corner to what I expect! I suspect screen space will be another thing altogether, but can anyone explain what I'm doing wrong in my Camera class? UPDATE I made some progress in terms of getting things to look visually as I expect, but only through intuition: not an actual understanding of what I'm doing. Any enlightenment would be greatly appreciated. I realized that my view space was flipped both vertically and horizontally compared to what I expected, so I changed my view matrix to scale accordingly: this.viewMatrix = Matrix.CreateLookAt(this.location, this.target, this.up) * Matrix.CreateScale(this.zoom, this.zoom, 1) * Matrix.CreateScale(-1, -1, 1); I could combine the two CreateScale calls, but have left them separate for clarity. Again, I have no idea why this is necessary, but it fixed my view space: But now my screen space needs to be flipped vertically, so I modified my projection matrix accordingly: this.projectionMatrix = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(0.7853982f, viewport.AspectRatio, 1, 2) * Matrix.CreateScale(1, -1, 1); And this results in what I was expecting from my first attempt: I have also just tried using Camera to render sprites via a SpriteBatch to make sure everything works there too, and it does. But the question remains: why do I need to do all this flipping of axes to get the space coordinates the way I expect? UPDATE 2 I've since improved my rendering logic in my test suite so that it supports geometries and so that lines get lighter the further away they are from the camera. I wanted to do this to avoid optical illusions and to further prove to myself that I'm looking at what I think I am. Here is an example: In this case, I have 3 geometries: a cube, a sphere, and a polyline on the top face of the cube. Notice how the darkening and lightening of the lines correctly identifies those portions of the geometries closer to the camera. If I remove the negative scaling I had to put in, I see: So you can see I'm still in the same boat - I still need those vertical and horizontal flips in my matrices to get things to appear correctly. In the interests of giving people a repro to play with, here is the complete code needed to generate the above. If you want to run via the test harness, just install the xunit package: Camera.cs: using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using System.Diagnostics; public sealed class Camera { private readonly Viewport viewport; private readonly Matrix projectionMatrix; private Matrix? viewMatrix; private Vector3 location; private Vector3 target; private Vector3 up; private float zoom; public Camera(Viewport viewport) { this.viewport = viewport; // for an explanation of the negative scaling, see: http://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/63409/ this.projectionMatrix = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(0.7853982f, viewport.AspectRatio, 1, 2) * Matrix.CreateScale(1, -1, 1); // defaults this.location = new Vector3(this.viewport.Width / 2, this.viewport.Height, 100); this.target = new Vector3(this.viewport.Width / 2, this.viewport.Height / 2, 0); this.up = new Vector3(0, 0, 1); this.zoom = 1; } public Viewport Viewport { get { return this.viewport; } } public Vector3 Location { get { return this.location; } set { this.location = value; this.viewMatrix = null; } } public Vector3 Target { get { return this.target; } set { this.target = value; this.viewMatrix = null; } } public Vector3 Up { get { return this.up; } set { this.up = value; this.viewMatrix = null; } } public float Zoom { get { return this.zoom; } set { this.zoom = value; this.viewMatrix = null; } } public Matrix ProjectionMatrix { get { return this.projectionMatrix; } } public Matrix ViewMatrix { get { if (this.viewMatrix == null) { // for an explanation of the negative scaling, see: http://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/63409/ this.viewMatrix = Matrix.CreateLookAt(this.location, this.target, this.up) * Matrix.CreateScale(this.zoom) * Matrix.CreateScale(-1, -1, 1); } return this.viewMatrix.Value; } } public Vector2 WorldPointToScreen(Vector3 point) { var result = viewport.Project(point, this.ProjectionMatrix, this.ViewMatrix, Matrix.Identity); return new Vector2(result.X, result.Y); } public void WorldPointsToScreen(Vector3[] points, Vector2[] destination) { Debug.Assert(points != null); Debug.Assert(destination != null); Debug.Assert(points.Length == destination.Length); for (var i = 0; i < points.Length; ++i) { destination[i] = this.WorldPointToScreen(points[i]); } } } CameraFixture.cs: using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Windows; using System.Windows.Controls; using System.Windows.Media; using Xunit; using XNA = Microsoft.Xna.Framework; public sealed class CameraFixture { [Fact] public void foo() { var camera = new Camera(new Viewport(0, 0, 250, 100)); DrawingVisual worldRender; DrawingVisual viewRender; DrawingVisual screenRender; this.Render( camera, out worldRender, out viewRender, out screenRender, new Sphere(30, 15) { WorldMatrix = XNA.Matrix.CreateTranslation(155, 50, 0) }, new Cube(30) { WorldMatrix = XNA.Matrix.CreateTranslation(75, 60, 15) }, new PolyLine(new XNA.Vector3(0, 0, 0), new XNA.Vector3(10, 10, 0), new XNA.Vector3(20, 0, 0), new XNA.Vector3(0, 0, 0)) { WorldMatrix = XNA.Matrix.CreateTranslation(65, 55, 30) }); this.ShowRenders(worldRender, viewRender, screenRender); } #region Supporting Fields private static readonly Pen xAxisPen = new Pen(Brushes.Red, 2); private static readonly Pen yAxisPen = new Pen(Brushes.Green, 2); private static readonly Pen zAxisPen = new Pen(Brushes.Blue, 2); private static readonly Pen viewportPen = new Pen(Brushes.Gray, 1); private static readonly Pen nonScreenSpacePen = new Pen(Brushes.Black, 0.5); private static readonly Color geometryBaseColor = Colors.Black; #endregion #region Supporting Methods private void Render(Camera camera, out DrawingVisual worldRender, out DrawingVisual viewRender, out DrawingVisual screenRender, params Geometry[] geometries) { var worldDrawingVisual = new DrawingVisual(); var viewDrawingVisual = new DrawingVisual(); var screenDrawingVisual = new DrawingVisual(); const int axisLength = 15; using (var worldDrawingContext = worldDrawingVisual.RenderOpen()) using (var viewDrawingContext = viewDrawingVisual.RenderOpen()) using (var screenDrawingContext = screenDrawingVisual.RenderOpen()) { // draw lines around the camera's viewport var viewportBounds = camera.Viewport.Bounds; var viewportLines = new Tuple<int, int, int, int>[] { Tuple.Create(viewportBounds.Left, viewportBounds.Bottom, viewportBounds.Left, viewportBounds.Top), Tuple.Create(viewportBounds.Left, viewportBounds.Top, viewportBounds.Right, viewportBounds.Top), Tuple.Create(viewportBounds.Right, viewportBounds.Top, viewportBounds.Right, viewportBounds.Bottom), Tuple.Create(viewportBounds.Right, viewportBounds.Bottom, viewportBounds.Left, viewportBounds.Bottom) }; foreach (var viewportLine in viewportLines) { var viewStart = XNA.Vector3.Transform(new XNA.Vector3(viewportLine.Item1, viewportLine.Item2, 0), camera.ViewMatrix); var viewEnd = XNA.Vector3.Transform(new XNA.Vector3(viewportLine.Item3, viewportLine.Item4, 0), camera.ViewMatrix); var screenStart = camera.WorldPointToScreen(new XNA.Vector3(viewportLine.Item1, viewportLine.Item2, 0)); var screenEnd = camera.WorldPointToScreen(new XNA.Vector3(viewportLine.Item3, viewportLine.Item4, 0)); worldDrawingContext.DrawLine(viewportPen, new Point(viewportLine.Item1, viewportLine.Item2), new Point(viewportLine.Item3, viewportLine.Item4)); viewDrawingContext.DrawLine(viewportPen, new Point(viewStart.X, viewStart.Y), new Point(viewEnd.X, viewEnd.Y)); screenDrawingContext.DrawLine(viewportPen, new Point(screenStart.X, screenStart.Y), new Point(screenEnd.X, screenEnd.Y)); } // draw axes var axisLines = new Tuple<int, int, int, int, int, int, Pen>[] { Tuple.Create(0, 0, 0, axisLength, 0, 0, xAxisPen), Tuple.Create(0, 0, 0, 0, axisLength, 0, yAxisPen), Tuple.Create(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, axisLength, zAxisPen) }; foreach (var axisLine in axisLines) { var viewStart = XNA.Vector3.Transform(new XNA.Vector3(axisLine.Item1, axisLine.Item2, axisLine.Item3), camera.ViewMatrix); var viewEnd = XNA.Vector3.Transform(new XNA.Vector3(axisLine.Item4, axisLine.Item5, axisLine.Item6), camera.ViewMatrix); var screenStart = camera.WorldPointToScreen(new XNA.Vector3(axisLine.Item1, axisLine.Item2, axisLine.Item3)); var screenEnd = camera.WorldPointToScreen(new XNA.Vector3(axisLine.Item4, axisLine.Item5, axisLine.Item6)); worldDrawingContext.DrawLine(axisLine.Item7, new Point(axisLine.Item1, axisLine.Item2), new Point(axisLine.Item4, axisLine.Item5)); viewDrawingContext.DrawLine(axisLine.Item7, new Point(viewStart.X, viewStart.Y), new Point(viewEnd.X, viewEnd.Y)); screenDrawingContext.DrawLine(axisLine.Item7, new Point(screenStart.X, screenStart.Y), new Point(screenEnd.X, screenEnd.Y)); } // for all points in all geometries to be rendered, find the closest and furthest away from the camera so we can lighten lines that are further away var distancesToAllGeometrySections = from geometry in geometries let geometryViewMatrix = geometry.WorldMatrix * camera.ViewMatrix from section in geometry.Sections from point in new XNA.Vector3[] { section.Item1, section.Item2 } let viewPoint = XNA.Vector3.Transform(point, geometryViewMatrix) select viewPoint.Length(); var furthestDistance = distancesToAllGeometrySections.Max(); var closestDistance = distancesToAllGeometrySections.Min(); var deltaDistance = Math.Max(0.000001f, furthestDistance - closestDistance); // draw each geometry for (var i = 0; i < geometries.Length; ++i) { var geometry = geometries[i]; // there's probably a more correct name for this, but basically this gets the geometry relative to the camera so we can check how far away each point is from the camera var geometryViewMatrix = geometry.WorldMatrix * camera.ViewMatrix; // we order roughly by those sections furthest from the camera to those closest, so that the closer ones "overwrite" the ones further away var orderedSections = from section in geometry.Sections let startPointRelativeToCamera = XNA.Vector3.Transform(section.Item1, geometryViewMatrix) let endPointRelativeToCamera = XNA.Vector3.Transform(section.Item2, geometryViewMatrix) let startPointDistance = startPointRelativeToCamera.Length() let endPointDistance = endPointRelativeToCamera.Length() orderby (startPointDistance + endPointDistance) descending select new { Section = section, DistanceToStart = startPointDistance, DistanceToEnd = endPointDistance }; foreach (var orderedSection in orderedSections) { var start = XNA.Vector3.Transform(orderedSection.Section.Item1, geometry.WorldMatrix); var end = XNA.Vector3.Transform(orderedSection.Section.Item2, geometry.WorldMatrix); var viewStart = XNA.Vector3.Transform(start, camera.ViewMatrix); var viewEnd = XNA.Vector3.Transform(end, camera.ViewMatrix); worldDrawingContext.DrawLine(nonScreenSpacePen, new Point(start.X, start.Y), new Point(end.X, end.Y)); viewDrawingContext.DrawLine(nonScreenSpacePen, new Point(viewStart.X, viewStart.Y), new Point(viewEnd.X, viewEnd.Y)); // screen rendering is more complicated purely because I wanted geometry to fade the further away it is from the camera // otherwise, it's very hard to tell whether the rendering is actually correct or not var startDistanceRatio = (orderedSection.DistanceToStart - closestDistance) / deltaDistance; var endDistanceRatio = (orderedSection.DistanceToEnd - closestDistance) / deltaDistance; // lerp towards white based on distance from camera, but only to a maximum of 90% var startColor = Lerp(geometryBaseColor, Colors.White, startDistanceRatio * 0.9f); var endColor = Lerp(geometryBaseColor, Colors.White, endDistanceRatio * 0.9f); var screenStart = camera.WorldPointToScreen(start); var screenEnd = camera.WorldPointToScreen(end); var brush = new LinearGradientBrush { StartPoint = new Point(screenStart.X, screenStart.Y), EndPoint = new Point(screenEnd.X, screenEnd.Y), MappingMode = BrushMappingMode.Absolute }; brush.GradientStops.Add(new GradientStop(startColor, 0)); brush.GradientStops.Add(new GradientStop(endColor, 1)); var pen = new Pen(brush, 1); brush.Freeze(); pen.Freeze(); screenDrawingContext.DrawLine(pen, new Point(screenStart.X, screenStart.Y), new Point(screenEnd.X, screenEnd.Y)); } } } worldRender = worldDrawingVisual; viewRender = viewDrawingVisual; screenRender = screenDrawingVisual; } private static float Lerp(float start, float end, float amount) { var difference = end - start; var adjusted = difference * amount; return start + adjusted; } private static Color Lerp(Color color, Color to, float amount) { var sr = color.R; var sg = color.G; var sb = color.B; var er = to.R; var eg = to.G; var eb = to.B; var r = (byte)Lerp(sr, er, amount); var g = (byte)Lerp(sg, eg, amount); var b = (byte)Lerp(sb, eb, amount); return Color.FromArgb(255, r, g, b); } private void ShowRenders(DrawingVisual worldRender, DrawingVisual viewRender, DrawingVisual screenRender) { var itemsControl = new ItemsControl(); itemsControl.Items.Add(new HeaderedContentControl { Header = "World", Content = new DrawingVisualHost(worldRender)}); itemsControl.Items.Add(new HeaderedContentControl { Header = "View", Content = new DrawingVisualHost(viewRender) }); itemsControl.Items.Add(new HeaderedContentControl { Header = "Screen", Content = new DrawingVisualHost(screenRender) }); var window = new Window { Title = "Renders", Content = itemsControl, ShowInTaskbar = true, SizeToContent = SizeToContent.WidthAndHeight }; window.ShowDialog(); } #endregion #region Supporting Types // stupidly simple 3D geometry class, consisting of a series of sections that will be connected by lines private abstract class Geometry { public abstract IEnumerable<Tuple<XNA.Vector3, XNA.Vector3>> Sections { get; } public XNA.Matrix WorldMatrix { get; set; } } private sealed class Line : Geometry { private readonly XNA.Vector3 magnitude; public Line(XNA.Vector3 magnitude) { this.magnitude = magnitude; } public override IEnumerable<Tuple<XNA.Vector3, XNA.Vector3>> Sections { get { yield return Tuple.Create(XNA.Vector3.Zero, this.magnitude); } } } private sealed class PolyLine : Geometry { private readonly XNA.Vector3[] points; public PolyLine(params XNA.Vector3[] points) { this.points = points; } public override IEnumerable<Tuple<XNA.Vector3, XNA.Vector3>> Sections { get { if (this.points.Length < 2) { yield break; } var end = this.points[0]; for (var i = 1; i < this.points.Length; ++i) { var start = end; end = this.points[i]; yield return Tuple.Create(start, end); } } } } private sealed class Cube : Geometry { private readonly float size; public Cube(float size) { this.size = size; } public override IEnumerable<Tuple<XNA.Vector3, XNA.Vector3>> Sections { get { var halfSize = this.size / 2; var frontBottomLeft = new XNA.Vector3(-halfSize, halfSize, -halfSize); var frontBottomRight = new XNA.Vector3(halfSize, halfSize, -halfSize); var frontTopLeft = new XNA.Vector3(-halfSize, halfSize, halfSize); var frontTopRight = new XNA.Vector3(halfSize, halfSize, halfSize); var backBottomLeft = new XNA.Vector3(-halfSize, -halfSize, -halfSize); var backBottomRight = new XNA.Vector3(halfSize, -halfSize, -halfSize); var backTopLeft = new XNA.Vector3(-halfSize, -halfSize, halfSize); var backTopRight = new XNA.Vector3(halfSize, -halfSize, halfSize); // front face yield return Tuple.Create(frontBottomLeft, frontBottomRight); yield return Tuple.Create(frontBottomLeft, frontTopLeft); yield return Tuple.Create(frontTopLeft, frontTopRight); yield return Tuple.Create(frontTopRight, frontBottomRight); // left face yield return Tuple.Create(frontTopLeft, backTopLeft); yield return Tuple.Create(backTopLeft, backBottomLeft); yield return Tuple.Create(backBottomLeft, frontBottomLeft); // right face yield return Tuple.Create(frontTopRight, backTopRight); yield return Tuple.Create(backTopRight, backBottomRight); yield return Tuple.Create(backBottomRight, frontBottomRight); // back face yield return Tuple.Create(backBottomLeft, backBottomRight); yield return Tuple.Create(backTopLeft, backTopRight); } } } private sealed class Sphere : Geometry { private readonly float radius; private readonly int subsections; public Sphere(float radius, int subsections) { this.radius = radius; this.subsections = subsections; } public override IEnumerable<Tuple<XNA.Vector3, XNA.Vector3>> Sections { get { var latitudeLines = this.subsections; var longitudeLines = this.subsections; // see http://stackoverflow.com/a/4082020/5380 var results = from latitudeLine in Enumerable.Range(0, latitudeLines) from longitudeLine in Enumerable.Range(0, longitudeLines) let latitudeRatio = latitudeLine / (float)latitudeLines let longitudeRatio = longitudeLine / (float)longitudeLines let nextLatitudeRatio = (latitudeLine + 1) / (float)latitudeLines let nextLongitudeRatio = (longitudeLine + 1) / (float)longitudeLines let z1 = Math.Cos(Math.PI * latitudeRatio) let z2 = Math.Cos(Math.PI * nextLatitudeRatio) let x1 = Math.Sin(Math.PI * latitudeRatio) * Math.Cos(Math.PI * 2 * longitudeRatio) let y1 = Math.Sin(Math.PI * latitudeRatio) * Math.Sin(Math.PI * 2 * longitudeRatio) let x2 = Math.Sin(Math.PI * nextLatitudeRatio) * Math.Cos(Math.PI * 2 * longitudeRatio) let y2 = Math.Sin(Math.PI * nextLatitudeRatio) * Math.Sin(Math.PI * 2 * longitudeRatio) let x3 = Math.Sin(Math.PI * latitudeRatio) * Math.Cos(Math.PI * 2 * nextLongitudeRatio) let y3 = Math.Sin(Math.PI * latitudeRatio) * Math.Sin(Math.PI * 2 * nextLongitudeRatio) let start = new XNA.Vector3((float)x1 * radius, (float)y1 * radius, (float)z1 * radius) let firstEnd = new XNA.Vector3((float)x2 * radius, (float)y2 * radius, (float)z2 * radius) let secondEnd = new XNA.Vector3((float)x3 * radius, (float)y3 * radius, (float)z1 * radius) select new { First = Tuple.Create(start, firstEnd), Second = Tuple.Create(start, secondEnd) }; foreach (var result in results) { yield return result.First; yield return result.Second; } } } } #endregion }

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  • Voxel Face Crawling (Mesh simplification, possibly using greedy)

    - by Tim Winter
    This is in regards to a Minecraft-like terrain engine. I store blocks in chunks (16x256x16 blocks in a chunk). When I generate a chunk, I use multiple procedural techniques to set the terrain and to place objects. While generating, I keep one 1D array for the full chunk (solid or not) and a separate 1D array of solid blocks. After generation, I iterate through the solid blocks checking their neighbors so I only generate block faces that don't have solid neighbors. I store which faces to generate in their own list (that's 6 lists, one per possible face). When rendering a chunk, I render all lists in the camera's current chunk and only the lists facing the camera in all other chunks. Using a 2D atlas with this little shader trick Andrew Russell suggested, I want to merge similar faces together completely. That is, if they are in the same list (same normal), are adjacent to each other, have the same light level, etc. My assumption would be to have each of the 6 lists sorted by the axis they rest on, then by the other two axes (the list for the top of a block would be sorted by it's Y value, then X, then Z). With this alone, I could quite easily merge strips of faces, but I'm looking to merge more than just strips together when possible. I've read up on this greedy meshing algorithm, but I am having a lot of trouble understanding it. To even use it, I would think I'd need to perform a type of flood-fill per sorted list to get the groups of merge-able faces. Then, per group, perform the greedy algorithm. It all sounds awfully expensive if I would ever want dynamic terrain/lighting after initial generation. So, my question: To perform merging of faces as described (ignoring whether it's a bad idea for dynamic terrain/lighting), is there perhaps an algorithm that is simpler to implement? I would also quite happily accept an answer that walks me through the greedy algorithm in a much simpler way (a link or explanation). I don't mind a slight performance decrease if it's easier to implement or even if it's only a little better than just doing strips. I worry that most algorithms focus on triangles rather than quads and using a 2D atlas the way I am, I don't know that I could implement something triangle based with my current skills. PS: I already frustum cull per chunk and as described, I also cull faces between solid blocks. I don't occlusion cull yet and may never.

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  • Per-pixel collision detection - why does XNA transform matrix return NaN when adding scaling?

    - by JasperS
    I looked at the TransformCollision sample on MSDN and added the Matrix.CreateTranslation part to a property in my collision detection code but I wanted to add scaling. The code works fine when I leave scaling commented out but when I add it and then do a Matrix.Invert() on the created translation matrix the result is NaN ({NaN,NaN,NaN},{NaN,NaN,NaN},...) Can anyone tell me why this is happening please? Here's the code from the sample: // Build the block's transform Matrix blockTransform = Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(-blockOrigin, 0.0f)) * // Matrix.CreateScale(block.Scale) * would go here Matrix.CreateRotationZ(blocks[i].Rotation) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(blocks[i].Position, 0.0f)); public static bool IntersectPixels( Matrix transformA, int widthA, int heightA, Color[] dataA, Matrix transformB, int widthB, int heightB, Color[] dataB) { // Calculate a matrix which transforms from A's local space into // world space and then into B's local space Matrix transformAToB = transformA * Matrix.Invert(transformB); // When a point moves in A's local space, it moves in B's local space with a // fixed direction and distance proportional to the movement in A. // This algorithm steps through A one pixel at a time along A's X and Y axes // Calculate the analogous steps in B: Vector2 stepX = Vector2.TransformNormal(Vector2.UnitX, transformAToB); Vector2 stepY = Vector2.TransformNormal(Vector2.UnitY, transformAToB); // Calculate the top left corner of A in B's local space // This variable will be reused to keep track of the start of each row Vector2 yPosInB = Vector2.Transform(Vector2.Zero, transformAToB); // For each row of pixels in A for (int yA = 0; yA < heightA; yA++) { // Start at the beginning of the row Vector2 posInB = yPosInB; // For each pixel in this row for (int xA = 0; xA < widthA; xA++) { // Round to the nearest pixel int xB = (int)Math.Round(posInB.X); int yB = (int)Math.Round(posInB.Y); // If the pixel lies within the bounds of B if (0 <= xB && xB < widthB && 0 <= yB && yB < heightB) { // Get the colors of the overlapping pixels Color colorA = dataA[xA + yA * widthA]; Color colorB = dataB[xB + yB * widthB]; // If both pixels are not completely transparent, if (colorA.A != 0 && colorB.A != 0) { // then an intersection has been found return true; } } // Move to the next pixel in the row posInB += stepX; } // Move to the next row yPosInB += stepY; } // No intersection found return false; }

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  • C# OpenGL problem with animation

    - by user3696303
    there is a program that simulates a small satellite and requires that a rotation animation of the satellite along the three axes. But when you try to write an animation problem during compilation: the program simply closes (shutdown occurs when swapbuffers, mainloop, redisplay), when you write the easiest programs have the same problem arose. Trying to catch exception by try-catch but here is not exception. How to solve this? I suffer with this a few days. Work in c# visual studio 2008 framework namespace WindowsFormsApplication6 { public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { try { InitializeComponent(); AnT1.InitializeContexts(); } catch(Exception) { Glut.glutDisplayFunc(Draw); Glut.glutTimerFunc(50, Timer, 0); Glut.glutMainLoop(); } } void Timer(int Unused) { Glut.glutPostRedisplay(); Glut.glutTimerFunc(50, Timer, 0); } private void AnT1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { Glut.glutInit(); Glut.glutInitDisplayMode(Glut.GLUT_RGB | Glut.GLUT_DOUBLE | Glut.GLUT_DEPTH); Gl.glClearColor(255, 255, 255, 1); Gl.glViewport(0, 0, AnT1.Width, AnT1.Height); Gl.glMatrixMode(Gl.GL_PROJECTION); Gl.glLoadIdentity(); Glu.gluPerspective(45, (float)AnT1.Width / (float)AnT1.Height, 0.1, 200); Gl.glMatrixMode(Gl.GL_MODELVIEW); Gl.glLoadIdentity(); Gl.glEnable(Gl.GL_DEPTH_TEST); Gl.glClear(Gl.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | Gl.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); Gl.glPushMatrix(); double xy = 0.2; Gl.glTranslated(xy, 0, 0); xy += 0.2; Draw(); Glut.glutSwapBuffers(); Glut.glutPostRedisplay(); Gl.glPushMatrix(); Draw(); Gl.glPopMatrix(); } void Draw() { Gl.glLoadIdentity(); Gl.glColor3f(0.502f, 0.502f, 0.502f); Gl.glTranslated(-1, 0, -6); Gl.glRotated(95, 1, 0, 0); Glut.glutSolidCylinder(0.7, 2, 60, 60); Gl.glLoadIdentity(); Gl.glColor3f(0, 0, 0); Gl.glTranslated(-1, 0, -6); Gl.glRotated(95, 1, 0, 0); Glut.glutWireCylinder(0.7, 2, 20, 20); } } }

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  • Is it possible to automate a driver change on Windows for a plug&play peripheral ?

    - by Gnoupi
    Is it possible to automate a change of driver for a same peripheral, under Windows ? Typically to switch between two ones. (I'm talking about the kind of driver which doesn't require the computer to reboot, typically). I have a peripheral for which I use the constructor's driver in some cases, but also a modified driver in other cases. Not that the changing driver is really annoying, but I would like to know if it would be possible to make it easier, like for example in a shortcut. I know the name of the driver, even which files involved. For more details, the concerned peripheral is a "Xbox360 Gamepad for Windows" (or something like this). The base driver is good for new games, but it doesn't handle correctly older ones (some issues with axes, and vibrations). The modified driver makes it behave like a classic controller, but then it doesn't work correctly on new games (typically using the new version of dxinput linked to the "Games for Windows"). However, this is not a question specific to this gamepad, I'm asking in general about automating this change of drivers. I currently use Windows XP, so my question is mostly about it, but I'm also interested in the same issue for later versions (Windows 7, most likely). I'm not really sure if this is even possible, but in case someone has an idea, I'm asking.

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  • Silverlight Cream for January 12, 2011 -- #1025

    - by Dave Campbell
    In this Issue: Amyo Kabir, Rob Eisenberg, Doug Rathbone, John Papa, Jeff Blankenburg(-2-), Mike Taulty, Peter Kuhn, Laurent Bugnion, Vangos Pterneas, and Senthil Kumar. Above the Fold: Silverlight: "Silverlight Popup sample" Amyo Kabir WP7: "Navigation in a #WP7 application with MVVM Light" Laurent Bugnion XNA: "XNA for Silverlight developers: Part 0 - Why should I care?" Peter Kuhn Shoutouts: Mohamed Mosallem posted a video of an Expression Blend demo he gave recently: Expression Blend Demo Rob Eisenberg posted the winners of the Caliburn.Micro Contest he was running .. and a nice bunch of swag too! Announcing the Caliburn.Micro Contest Winners! Dan Moyer is a LightSwitch enthusiast and writes Why I Believe Visual Studio LightSwitch will be a Win... good well-thought-out and written take on Lightswitch. From SilverlightCream.com: Silverlight Popup sample Amyo Kabir has a post up that is short on description but long on demo and the code is available... put this in the 'a picture is worth 1,000 words category' :) Caliburn.Micro Soup to Nuts Part 7 - All About Conventions The 7th episode of Rob Eisenberg's tutorial series on Caliburn.Micro is up. This episode about some of the conventions that you get out-of-the-box with Caliburn.Micro, what it'll do for you, and how you can modify the behavior of the convention to suit your own taste/style. Two little tips for working with Silverlight chart DateTime Axes Doug Rathbone has been working with the Toolkit Charts for WP7 and finding it difficult to get the info he needs, and now that he's worked it out... he's sharing... particularly information about DateTimeAxis. Silverlight TV 56: WCF RIA Services and Azure The first Silverlight TV of 2011 was John Papa discussing WCF RIA Services and Azure with Saurabh Plant. What I Learned In WP7 – Issue 14 As usual, Jeff Blankenburg is a couple ahead of me... his Issue 14 is about some panorama trickery... like navigating to a specific place in one, or preventing wrapping. What I Learned In WP7 – Issue 15 In Jeff Blankenburg's latest WP7 post, he's sharing some interesting insight into Trial Mode and app sales... from the standpoint of someone selling apps. Blend Bits 20–Group Into Mike Taulty has Part 20 of his Blend Bits series up. This one is demonstrating grouping, and what all can be accomplished (or not) with grouping in Blend. XNA for Silverlight developers: Part 0 - Why should I care? Peter Kuhn has the beginning of a series on WP7 and XNA up at SilverlightShow... this looks to be a good intro and way to get your head wrapped around XNA on the phone. Navigation in a #WP7 application with MVVM Light Laurent Bugnion discusses WP7 navigation via MVVM Light, resolving many of the communication/navigation complexities you can get involved in without a tool like his. Motion detection in Silverlight Vangos Pterneas has a followup postto the one on facial detection... this one is on Motion Detection in Silverlight. If you've got a webcam hooked up, you can give a demo app a dance via a link he has in the post. Adding ApplicationBar in Windows Phone 7 using Expression Blend Senthil Kumar follows up a post about using VS to add an application bar to a WP7 app with this one using Expression Blend Stay in the 'Light! Twitter SilverlightNews | Twitter WynApse | WynApse.com | Tagged Posts | SilverlightCream Join me @ SilverlightCream | Phoenix Silverlight User Group Technorati Tags: Silverlight    Silverlight 3    Silverlight 4    Windows Phone MIX10

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  • Why are my Unity procedural animations jerky?

    - by Phoenix Perry
    I'm working in Unity and getting some crazy weird motion behavior. I have a plane and I'm moving it. It's ever so slightly getting about 1 pixel bigger and smaller. It looks like the it's kind of getting squeezed sideways by a pixel. I'm moving a plane by cos and sin so it will spin on the x and z axes. If the planes are moving at Time.time, everything is fine. However, if I put in slower speed multiplier, I get an amazingly weird jerk in my animation. I get it with or without the lerp. How do I fix it? I want it to move very slowly. Is there some sort of invisible grid in unity? Some sort of minimum motion per frame? I put a visual sample of the behavior here. Here's the relevant code: public void spin() { for (int i = 0; i < numPlanes; i++ ) { GameObject g = planes[i] as GameObject; //alt method //currentRotation += speed * Time.deltaTime * 100; //rotation.eulerAngles = new Vector3(0, currentRotation, 0); //g.transform.position = rotation * rotationRadius; //sine method g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().pos.x = g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().radiusX * (Mathf.Cos((Time.time*speed) + g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().startAngle)); g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().pos.z = g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().radius * Mathf.Sin((Time.time*speed) + g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().startAngle); g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().pos.y = g.GetComponent<Transform>().position.y; ////offset g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().pos.z += 20; g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().posLerp.x = Mathf.Lerp(g.transform.position.x,g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().pos.x, .5f); g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().posLerp.z = Mathf.Lerp(g.transform.position.z, g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().pos.z, .5f); g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().posLerp.y = g.GetComponent<Transform>().position.y; g.transform.position = g.GetComponent<PlaneSetup>().posLerp; } Invoke("spin",0.0f); } The full code is on github. There is literally nothing else going on. I've turned off all other game objects so it's only the 40 planes with a texture2D shader. I removed it from Invoke and tried it in Update -- still happens. With a set frame rate or not, the same problem occurs. Tested it in Fixed Update. Same issue. The script on the individual plane doesn't even have an update function in it. The data on it could functionally live in a struct. I'm getting between 90 and 123 fps. Going to investigate and test further. I put this in an invoke function to see if I could get around it just occurring in update. There are no physics on these shapes. It's a straight procedural animation. Limited it to 1 plane - still happens. Thoughts? Removed the shader - still happening.

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  • problem with frustum AABB culling in DirectX

    - by Matthew Poole
    Hi, I am currently working on a project with a few friends, and I am trying to get frustum culling working. Every single tutorial or article I go to shows that my math is correct and that this should be working. I thought maybe posting here, somebody would catch something I could not. Thank you. Here are the important code snippets /create the projection matrix void CD3DCamera::SetLens(float fov, float aspect, float nearZ, float farZ) { D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(&projMat, D3DXToRadian(fov), aspect, nearZ, farZ); } //build the view matrix after changes have been made to camera void CD3DCamera::BuildView() { //keep axes orthoganal D3DXVec3Normalize(&look, &look); //up D3DXVec3Cross(&up, &look, &right); D3DXVec3Normalize(&up, &up); //right D3DXVec3Cross(&right, &up, &look); D3DXVec3Normalize(&right, &right); //fill view matrix float x = -D3DXVec3Dot(&position, &right); float y = -D3DXVec3Dot(&position, &up); float z = -D3DXVec3Dot(&position, &look); viewMat(0,0) = right.x; viewMat(1,0) = right.y; viewMat(2,0) = right.z; viewMat(3,0) = x; viewMat(0,1) = up.x; viewMat(1,1) = up.y; viewMat(2,1) = up.z; viewMat(3,1) = y; viewMat(0,2) = look.x; viewMat(1,2) = look.y; viewMat(2,2) = look.z; viewMat(3,2) = z; viewMat(0,3) = 0.0f; viewMat(1,3) = 0.0f; viewMat(2,3) = 0.0f; viewMat(3,3) = 1.0f; } void CD3DCamera::BuildFrustum() { D3DXMATRIX VP; D3DXMatrixMultiply(&VP, &viewMat, &projMat); D3DXVECTOR4 col0(VP(0,0), VP(1,0), VP(2,0), VP(3,0)); D3DXVECTOR4 col1(VP(0,1), VP(1,1), VP(2,1), VP(3,1)); D3DXVECTOR4 col2(VP(0,2), VP(1,2), VP(2,2), VP(3,2)); D3DXVECTOR4 col3(VP(0,3), VP(1,3), VP(2,3), VP(3,3)); // Planes face inward frustum[0] = (D3DXPLANE)(col2); // near frustum[1] = (D3DXPLANE)(col3 - col2); // far frustum[2] = (D3DXPLANE)(col3 + col0); // left frustum[3] = (D3DXPLANE)(col3 - col0); // right frustum[4] = (D3DXPLANE)(col3 - col1); // top frustum[5] = (D3DXPLANE)(col3 + col1); // bottom // Normalize the frustum for( int i = 0; i < 6; ++i ) D3DXPlaneNormalize( &frustum[i], &frustum[i] ); } bool FrustumCheck(D3DXVECTOR3 max, D3DXVECTOR3 min, const D3DXPLANE* frustum) { // Test assumes frustum planes face inward. D3DXVECTOR3 P; D3DXVECTOR3 Q; bool ret = false; for(int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) { // For each coordinate axis x, y, z... for(int j = 0; j < 3; ++j) { // Make PQ point in the same direction as the plane normal on this axis. if( frustum[i][j] > 0.0f ) { P[j] = min[j]; Q[j] = max[j]; } else { P[j] = max[j]; Q[j] = min[j]; } } if(D3DXPlaneDotCoord(&frustum[i], &Q) < 0.0f ) ret = false; } return true; }

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  • OpenGL not rendering my images to the screen

    - by Brendan Webster
    for some reason my game isn't showing the image I am rendering to the screen. My engine is state based, and at the beginning I set the logo, but it isn't showing on the screen. Here is my method of doing so first I create one image and assign some values to it's preset values. //create one image instance for the logo background O_File.v_Create_Images(1); //set the atributes of the background //first Image O_File.sImage[0].nImageDepth = -30.0f; O_File.sImage[0].sImageLocation = "image.bmp"; //load the images int O_File.v_Load_Images(); Then I load them with DevIL void C_File_Manager::v_Load_Images() { ilGenImages(1, &image); ilBindImage(image); for(int i = 0;i < sImage.size();i++) { success = ilLoadImage(sImage[i].sImageLocation.c_str()); if (success) { success = ilConvertImage(IL_RGBA, IL_UNSIGNED_BYTE); glGenTextures(1, &image); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, image); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 4, ilGetInteger(IL_IMAGE_WIDTH), ilGetInteger(IL_IMAGE_HEIGHT), 0, ilGetInteger(IL_IMAGE_FORMAT), GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, ilGetData()); //asign values to the width and height of the image if they are already not assigned if(sImage[i].nImageHeight == 0) sImage[i].nImageHeight = ilGetInteger(IL_IMAGE_HEIGHT); if(sImage[i].nImageWidth == 0) sImage[i].nImageWidth = ilGetInteger(IL_IMAGE_WIDTH); std::cout << sImage[i].nImageHeight << std::endl; const std::string word = sImage[i].sImageLocation.c_str(); std::cout << sImage[i].sImageLocation.c_str() << std::endl; ilLoadImage(word.c_str()); ilDeleteImages(1, &image); } } } and then I apply them to the screen void C_File_Manager::v_Apply_Images() { glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); for(int i = 0;i < sImage.size();i++) { //move the image to where it should be on the screen; glTranslatef(sImage[i].nImageX,sImage[i].nImageY,sImage[i].nImageDepth); //rotate image around the 3 axes glRotatef(sImage[i].fImageAngleX,1,0,0); glRotatef(sImage[i].fImageAngleY,0,1,0); glRotatef(sImage[i].fImageAngleZ,0,0,1); //scale the image glScalef(1,1,1); //center the image glTranslatef((sImage[i].nImageWidth/2),(sImage[i].nImageHeight/2),0); //draw the box that will encase the loaded image glBegin(GL_QUADS); //change the color of the loaded image; glColor4f(1,1,1,1); //top left corner of image glNormal3f(0.0,0,0.0); glTexCoord2f (1.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(0,0,sImage[i].nImageDepth); //top right corner of image glNormal3f(1.0,0,0.0); glTexCoord2f (1.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(0,sImage[i].nImageHeight,sImage[i].nImageDepth); //bottom right corner of image glNormal3f(-1.0,0,0.0); glTexCoord2f (0.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(sImage[i].nImageWidth,sImage[i].nImageHeight,sImage[i].nImageDepth); //bottom left corner of image glNormal3f(-1.0,0,0.0); glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(sImage[i].nImageWidth,0,sImage[i].nImageDepth); glEnd(); } } when I debug there is no errors at all, but yet the images don't show up on the screen, I have positioned the camera at (0,0,-1) and that is where the images should show up. the clipping plane is set 1 to 1000. There is probably some random problem with the code, but I just can't catch it.

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  • Is there an easy way to type in common math symbols?

    - by srcspider
    Disclaimer: I'm sure someone is going to moan about easy-of-use, for the purpose of this question consider readability to be the only factor that matters So I found this site that converts to easting northing, it's not really important what that even means but here's how the piece of javascript looks. /** * Convert Ordnance Survey grid reference easting/northing coordinate to (OSGB36) latitude/longitude * * @param {OsGridRef} gridref - easting/northing to be converted to latitude/longitude * @returns {LatLonE} latitude/longitude (in OSGB36) of supplied grid reference */ OsGridRef.osGridToLatLong = function(gridref) { var E = gridref.easting; var N = gridref.northing; var a = 6377563.396, b = 6356256.909; // Airy 1830 major & minor semi-axes var F0 = 0.9996012717; // NatGrid scale factor on central meridian var f0 = 49*Math.PI/180, ?0 = -2*Math.PI/180; // NatGrid true origin var N0 = -100000, E0 = 400000; // northing & easting of true origin, metres var e2 = 1 - (b*b)/(a*a); // eccentricity squared var n = (a-b)/(a+b), n2 = n*n, n3 = n*n*n; // n, n², n³ var f=f0, M=0; do { f = (N-N0-M)/(a*F0) + f; var Ma = (1 + n + (5/4)*n2 + (5/4)*n3) * (f-f0); var Mb = (3*n + 3*n*n + (21/8)*n3) * Math.sin(f-f0) * Math.cos(f+f0); var Mc = ((15/8)*n2 + (15/8)*n3) * Math.sin(2*(f-f0)) * Math.cos(2*(f+f0)); var Md = (35/24)*n3 * Math.sin(3*(f-f0)) * Math.cos(3*(f+f0)); M = b * F0 * (Ma - Mb + Mc - Md); // meridional arc } while (N-N0-M >= 0.00001); // ie until < 0.01mm var cosf = Math.cos(f), sinf = Math.sin(f); var ? = a*F0/Math.sqrt(1-e2*sinf*sinf); // nu = transverse radius of curvature var ? = a*F0*(1-e2)/Math.pow(1-e2*sinf*sinf, 1.5); // rho = meridional radius of curvature var ?2 = ?/?-1; // eta = ? var tanf = Math.tan(f); var tan2f = tanf*tanf, tan4f = tan2f*tan2f, tan6f = tan4f*tan2f; var secf = 1/cosf; var ?3 = ?*?*?, ?5 = ?3*?*?, ?7 = ?5*?*?; var VII = tanf/(2*?*?); var VIII = tanf/(24*?*?3)*(5+3*tan2f+?2-9*tan2f*?2); var IX = tanf/(720*?*?5)*(61+90*tan2f+45*tan4f); var X = secf/?; var XI = secf/(6*?3)*(?/?+2*tan2f); var XII = secf/(120*?5)*(5+28*tan2f+24*tan4f); var XIIA = secf/(5040*?7)*(61+662*tan2f+1320*tan4f+720*tan6f); var dE = (E-E0), dE2 = dE*dE, dE3 = dE2*dE, dE4 = dE2*dE2, dE5 = dE3*dE2, dE6 = dE4*dE2, dE7 = dE5*dE2; f = f - VII*dE2 + VIII*dE4 - IX*dE6; var ? = ?0 + X*dE - XI*dE3 + XII*dE5 - XIIA*dE7; return new LatLonE(f.toDegrees(), ?.toDegrees(), GeoParams.datum.OSGB36); } I found that to be a really nice way of writing an algorythm, at least as far as redability is concerned. Is there any way to easily write the special symbols. And by easily write I mean NOT copy/paste them.

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  • OpenGL Fast-Object Instancing Error

    - by HJ Media Studios
    I have some code that loops through a set of objects and renders instances of those objects. The list of objects that needs to be rendered is stored as a std::map, where an object of class MeshResource contains the vertices and indices with the actual data, and an object of classMeshRenderer defines the point in space the mesh is to be rendered at. My rendering code is as follows: glDisable(GL_BLEND); glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE); glDepthMask(GL_TRUE); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); for (std::map<MeshResource*, std::vector<MeshRenderer*> >::iterator it = renderables.begin(); it != renderables.end(); it++) { it->first->setupBeforeRendering(); cout << "<"; for (unsigned long i =0; i < it->second.size(); i++) { //Pass in an identity matrix to the vertex shader- used here only for debugging purposes; the real code correctly inputs any matrix. uniformizeModelMatrix(Matrix4::IDENTITY); /** * StartHere fix rendering problem. * Ruled out: * Vertex buffers correctly. * Index buffers correctly. * Matrices correct? */ it->first->render(); } it->first->cleanupAfterRendering(); } geometryPassShader->disable(); glDepthMask(GL_FALSE); glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE); glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); The function in MeshResource that handles setting up the uniforms is as follows: void MeshResource::setupBeforeRendering() { glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); glEnableVertexAttribArray(2); glEnableVertexAttribArray(3); glEnableVertexAttribArray(4); glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, iboID); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboID); glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), 0); // Vertex position glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (const GLvoid*) 12); // Vertex normal glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (const GLvoid*) 24); // UV layer 0 glVertexAttribPointer(3, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (const GLvoid*) 32); // Vertex color glVertexAttribPointer(4, 1, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (const GLvoid*) 44); //Material index } The code that renders the object is this: void MeshResource::render() { glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, geometry->numIndices, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0); } And the code that cleans up is this: void MeshResource::cleanupAfterRendering() { glDisableVertexAttribArray(0); glDisableVertexAttribArray(1); glDisableVertexAttribArray(2); glDisableVertexAttribArray(3); glDisableVertexAttribArray(4); } The end result of this is that I get a black screen, although the end of my rendering pipeline after the rendering code (essentially just drawing axes and lines on the screen) works properly, so I'm fairly sure it's not an issue with the passing of uniforms. If, however, I change the code slightly so that the rendering code calls the setup immediately before rendering, like so: void MeshResource::render() { setupBeforeRendering(); glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, geometry->numIndices, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0); } The program works as desired. I don't want to have to do this, though, as my aim is to set up vertex, material, etc. data once per object type and then render each instance updating only the transformation information. The uniformizeModelMatrix works as follows: void RenderManager::uniformizeModelMatrix(Matrix4 matrix) { glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, globalMatrixUBOID); glBufferSubData(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 0, sizeof(Matrix4), matrix.ptr()); glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 0); }

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  • DynamicResource and Dynamic Items in ContextMenu on XamDataGrid

    - by miguel
    I would like to dynamically create a set of context menu options based upon some properties. Currently, I am creating a context menu as a DynamicResource with the visibility of the menu options bound to the properties, however, it seems that the DynamicResource is created only once, at runtime. Is this true? What I would like to do is have the menu generated each time, which will take into account the property changes on the data object. Please see the following XAML snippet: <Border DockPanel.Dock="Right" Margin="4,4,4,4" BorderBrush="Gray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="3" > <igDP:XamDataGrid Height="Auto" Width="Auto" Style="{DynamicResource DefaultInfragisticsGridStyle}" Name="axeDataGrid" ActiveRecord="{Binding Path=SelectedItem, Mode=TwoWay}" DataSource="{Binding Path=Axes}" ContextMenuOpening="ContextMenuOpeningHandler"> <igDP:XamDataGrid.Resources> <Style TargetType="{x:Type igDP:DataRecordPresenter}" BasedOn="{x:Static Themes:DataPresenterAero.DataRecordPresenter}"/> <ContextMenu x:Key="RecordContextMenu"> <ContextMenu.Resources> <BooleanToVisibilityConverter x:Key="booleanToVisibilityConverter"/> </ContextMenu.Resources> <MenuItem Header="Cancel Axe" Command="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource FindAncestor, AncestorType={x:Type igDP:XamDataGrid}}, Path=DataContext.CancelAxe}" Visibility="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource FindAncestor, AncestorType={x:Type igDP:XamDataGrid}}, Path=DataContext.IsCancelAxeAllowed, Converter={StaticResource booleanToVisibilityConverter}, Mode=OneWay}"/> <MenuItem Header="Create RFQ" Command="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource FindAncestor, AncestorType={x:Type igDP:XamDataGrid}}, Path=DataContext.CreateRFQ}" Visibility="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource FindAncestor, AncestorType={x:Type igDP:XamDataGrid}}, Path=DataContext.IsCreateRfqAllowed, Converter={StaticResource booleanToVisibilityConverter}, Mode=OneWay}"/> </ContextMenu> <Style TargetType="{x:Type igDP:DataRecordCellArea}"> <Setter Property="ContextMenu" Value="{DynamicResource RecordContextMenu}" /> </Style>

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  • HOW TO: Draggable legend in matplotlib

    - by Adam Fraser
    QUESTION: I'm drawing a legend on an axes object in matplotlib but the default positioning which claims to place it in a smart place doesn't seem to work. Ideally, I'd like to have the legend be draggable by the user. How can this be done? SOLUTION: Well, I found bits and pieces of the solution scattered among mailing lists. I've come up with a nice modular chunk of code that you can drop in and use... here it is: class DraggableLegend: def __init__(self, legend): self.legend = legend self.gotLegend = False legend.figure.canvas.mpl_connect('motion_notify_event', self.on_motion) legend.figure.canvas.mpl_connect('pick_event', self.on_pick) legend.figure.canvas.mpl_connect('button_release_event', self.on_release) legend.set_picker(self.my_legend_picker) def on_motion(self, evt): if self.gotLegend: dx = evt.x - self.mouse_x dy = evt.y - self.mouse_y loc_in_canvas = self.legend_x + dx, self.legend_y + dy loc_in_norm_axes = self.legend.parent.transAxes.inverted().transform_point(loc_in_canvas) self.legend._loc = tuple(loc_in_norm_axes) self.legend.figure.canvas.draw() def my_legend_picker(self, legend, evt): return self.legend.legendPatch.contains(evt) def on_pick(self, evt): if evt.artist == self.legend: bbox = self.legend.get_window_extent() self.mouse_x = evt.mouseevent.x self.mouse_y = evt.mouseevent.y self.legend_x = bbox.xmin self.legend_y = bbox.ymin self.gotLegend = 1 def on_release(self, event): if self.gotLegend: self.gotLegend = False ...and in your code... def draw(self): ax = self.figure.add_subplot(111) scatter = ax.scatter(np.random.randn(100), np.random.randn(100)) legend = DraggableLegend(ax.legend()) I emailed the Matplotlib-users group and John Hunter was kind enough to add my solution it to SVN HEAD. On Thu, Jan 28, 2010 at 3:02 PM, Adam Fraser wrote: I thought I'd share a solution to the draggable legend problem since it took me forever to assimilate all the scattered knowledge on the mailing lists... Cool -- nice example. I added the code to legend.py. Now you can do leg = ax.legend() leg.draggable() to enable draggable mode. You can repeatedly call this func to toggle the draggable state. I hope this is helpful to people working with matplotlib.

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  • the problem of "cvEigenVV"

    - by gg-anny
    Hi!When I compile the program,VC2005 always tell :"error C2198: 'cvEigenVV' : too few arguments for call". Part of the code below: void draw_oxfd_feature( IplImage* img, struct feature* feat, CvScalar color ) { double m[4] = { feat-a, feat-b, feat-b, feat-c }; double v[4] = { 0 }; double e[2] = { 0 }; CvMat M; CvMat V; CvMat E; double alpha, l1, l2; /* compute axes and orientation of ellipse surrounding affine region */ cvInitMatHeader( &M, 2, 2, CV_64FC1, m, CV_AUTOSTEP ); cvInitMatHeader( &V, 2, 2, CV_64FC1, v, CV_AUTOSTEP ); cvInitMatHeader( &E, 2, 1, CV_64FC1, e, CV_AUTOSTEP ); cvEigenVV( &M, &V, &E, DBL_EPSILON ); l1 = 1 / sqrt( e[1] ); l2 = 1 / sqrt( e[0] ); alpha = -atan2( v[1], v[0] ); alpha *= 180 / CV_PI; cvEllipse( img, cvPoint( feat-x, feat-y ), cvSize( l2, l1 ), alpha, 0, 360, CV_RGB(0,0,0), 3, 8, 0 ); cvEllipse( img, cvPoint( feat-x, feat-y ), cvSize( l2, l1 ), alpha, 0, 360, color, 1, 8, 0 ); cvLine( img, cvPoint( feat-x+2, feat-y ), cvPoint( feat-x-2, feat-y ), color, 1, 8, 0 ); cvLine( img, cvPoint( feat-x, feat-y+2 ), cvPoint( feat-x, feat-y-2 ), color, 1, 8, 0 ); // cvCircle(img,cvPoint(cvRound( feat-x ),cvRound( feat-y )),2, color, CV_FILLED, 8, 0); cvCircle(img,cvPoint( cvRound( feat-x ), cvRound( feat-y )), 2,CV_RGB(0,255,0), CV_FILLED, 8, 0 ); } How to solve the problem?Thank you!

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  • Fixing color in scatter plots in matplotlib

    - by ajhall
    Hi guys, I'm going to have to come back and add some examples if you need them, which you might. But, here's the skinny- I'm plotting scatter plots of lab data for my research. I need to be able to visually compare the scatter plots from one plot to the next, so I want to fix the color range on the scatter plots and add in a colorbar to each plot (which will be the same in each figure). Essentially, I'm fixing all aspects of the axes and colorspace etc. so that the plots are directly comparable by eye. For the life of me, I can't seem to get my scatter() command to properly set the color limits in the colorspace (default)... i.e., I figure out my total data's min and total data's max, then apply them to vmin, vmax, for the subset of data, and the color still does not come out properly in both plots. This must come up here and there, I can't be the only one that wants to compare various subsets of data amongst plots... so, how do you fix the colors so that each data keeps it's color between plots and doesn't get remapped to a different color due to the change in max/min of the subset -v- the whole set? I greatly appreciate all your thoughts!!! A mountain-dew and fiery-hot cheetos to all! -Allen

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  • Saving "heavy" figure to PDF in MATLAB - rendering problem

    - by yuk
    I generate a figure in MATLAB with lot amount of points (100000+) and want to save it into a PDF file. With zbuffer or painters renderer I've got very large and slowly opened file (over 4 Mb) - all points are in vector format. Using OpenGL renderer rasterize the figure in PDF, ok for the plot, but not good for text labels. The file size is about 150 Kb. Try this simplified code, for example: x=linspace(1,10,100000); y=sin(x)+randn(size(x)); plot(x,y,'.') set(gcf,'Renderer','zbuffer') print -dpdf -r300 testpdf_zb set(gcf,'Renderer','painters') print -dpdf -r300 testpdf_pa set(gcf,'Renderer','opengl') print -dpdf -r300 testpdf_op The actual figure is much more complex with several axes and different types of plots. Is there a way to rasterize the figure, but keep text labels as vectors? Another problem with OpenGL is that is does not work in terminal mode (-nosplash -nodesktop) under Mac OSX. Looks like OpenGL is not supported. I have to use terminal mode for automation. The MATLAB version I run is 2007b. Mac OSX server 10.4.

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  • How to map coordinates in AxesImage to coordinates in saved image file?

    - by Vebjorn Ljosa
    I use matplotlib to display a matrix of numbers as an image, attach labels along the axes, and save the plot to a PNG file. For the purpose of creating an HTML image map, I need to know the pixel coordinates in the PNG file for a region in the image being displayed by imshow. I have found an example of how to do this with a regular plot, but when I try to do the same with imshow, the mapping is not correct. Here is my code, which saves an image and attempts to print the pixel coordinates of the center of each square on the diagonal: import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt fig = plt.figure() ax = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8]) axim = ax.imshow(np.random.random((27,27)), interpolation='nearest') for x, y in axim.get_transform().transform(zip(range(28), range(28))): print int(x), int(fig.get_figheight() * fig.get_dpi() - y) plt.savefig('foo.png', dpi=fig.get_dpi()) Here is the resulting foo.png, shown as a screenshot in order to include the rulers: The output of the script starts and ends as follows: 73 55 92 69 111 83 130 97 149 112 … 509 382 528 396 547 410 566 424 585 439 As you see, the y-coordinates are correct, but the x-coordinates are stretched: they range from 73 to 585 instead of the expected 135 to 506, and they are spaced 19 pixels o.c. instead of the expected 14. What am I doing wrong?

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  • Jqplot ajax request

    - by Moozy
    I'm trying to do a dynamic content load for JQplot charts, but something is wrong: this is my javascript code: $(document).ready(function(){ var ajaxDataRenderer = function(url, plot, options) { var ret = null; $.ajax({ // have to use synchronous here, else the function // will return before the data is fetched async: false, url: url, dataType:"json", success: function(data) { ret = data; console.warn(data); } }); return ret; }; // The url for our json data var jsonurl = "getData.php"; var plot1 = $.jqplot('chart1', jsonurl, { title:'Data Point Highlighting', dataRenderer: ajaxDataRenderer, dataRendererOptions: { unusedOptionalUrl: jsonurl }, axes:{ xaxis: { renderer:$.jqplot.DateAxisRenderer, min: '11/01/2012', max: '11/30/2012', tickOptions:{formatString:'%b %#d'}, tickInterval:'5 days' }, yaxis:{ tickOptions:{ formatString:'%.2f' } } }, highlighter: { show: true, sizeAdjust: 7.5 }, cursor: { show: false } }); }); </script> and it is displaying the chart, but it is not displaying the values, looklike its not getting my data. output of: console.warn(data); is: [["11-01-2012",0],["11-02-2012",0],["11-03-2012",0],["11-04-2012",0],["11-05-2012",0],["11-06-2012",0],["11-07-2012",0],["11-08-2012",0],["11-09-2012",0],["11-10-2012",0],["11-11-2012",0],["11-12-2012",0],["11-13-2012",0],["11-14-2012",0],["11-15-2012",2],["11-16-2012",5],["11-17-2012",0],["11-18-2012",1],["11-19-2012",0],["11-20-2012",0],["11-21-2012",0],["11-22-2012",0],["11-23-2012",0],["11-24-2012",0],["11-25-2012",1],["11-26-2012",0],["11-27-2012",0],["11-28-2012",0],["11-29-2012",0],["11-30-2012",0]]

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  • ExtJS 4 Chart Axis Display Issue in Chrome

    - by SerEnder
    I've run into an issue while using ExtJS 4.0.7. I'm trying to display a chart with two series on a Numeric/Category Chart. The chart displays correctly in Firefox, but while using Chrome (18.0.1025.142) the x axis labels are either all stacked upon each or else (when using rotate) rendered behind the chart in the specified angle. Any ideas would be appreciated. Screen shot in Firefox: Screen Shot in Chrome: And the code that's used to generate both: Ext.require(['Ext.chart.*']); Ext.onReady(function() { var iChartWidth = 800; // Defines chart width var iChartHeight = 550; // Defines chart height Ext.define('RulesCreatedModel',{ extend:'Ext.data.Model', fields:[ {name:'sHourName', type:'string'}, {name:'User_2', type:'number'}, {name:'User_1', type:'number'}, ] }); var RulesCreatedStore = Ext.create('Ext.data.Store',{ id:'RulesCreatedStore', model:'RulesCreateModel', fields: [ 'sHourName','dayNum','hour','User_2','User_1'], data:[{ 'sHourName':'3pm', 'User_1':82, 'User_2':56 },{ 'sHourName':'4pm', 'User_1':39, 'User_2':44 },{ 'sHourName':'5pm', 'User_1':80, 'User_2':14 },{ 'sHourName':'6pm', 'User_1':55, 'User_2':0, },{ 'sHourName':'7pm', 'User_1':36, 'User_2':0, },{ 'sHourName':'8pm', 'User_1':66, 'User_2':0 },{ 'sHourName':'9pm', 'User_1':39, 'User_2':0, },{ 'sHourName':'10pm', 'User_1':0, 'User_2':0 },{ 'sHourName':'11pm', 'User_1':0, 'User_2':0 },{ 'sHourName':'12am', 'User_1':0, 'User_2':0 },{ 'sHourName':'1am', 'User_1':0, 'User_2':0 },{ 'sHourName':'2am', 'User_1':0, 'User_2':0 },{ 'sHourName':'3am', 'User_1':0, 'User_2':0 },{ 'sHourName':'4am', 'User_1':0, 'User_2':0 },{ 'sHourName':'5am', 'User_1':0, 'User_2':0 },{ 'sHourName':'6am', 'User_1':0, 'User_2':0 },{ 'sHourName':'7am', 'User_1':0, 'User_2':1 },{ 'sHourName':'8am', 'User_1':0, 'User_2':99 },{ 'sHourName':'9am', 'User_1':0, 'User_2':28 },{ 'sHourName':'10am', 'User_1':0, 'User_2':28 },{ 'sHourName':'11am', 'User_1':0, 'User_2':153 },{ 'sHourName':'12pm', 'User_1':0, 'User_2':58 },{ 'sHourName':'1pm', 'User_1':0, 'User_2':42 },{ 'sHourName':'2pm', 'User_1':20, 'User_2':10 }] }); Ext.create('Ext.chart.Chart',{ id: 'RulesWrittenChart', renderTo: 'StatCharts_Display', width: iChartWidth, height: iChartHeight, animate: true, store: RulesCreatedStore, axes: [{ type: 'Numeric', position: 'left', fields: ['User_2','User_1'], title: 'Rules Written', grid: true },{ type: 'Category', position: 'bottom', fields: ['sHourName'], title: 'Hour', grid: false, label: { rotate: { degrees: 315 } } }], series: [{ type: 'line', axis: 'left', xField: 'sHourName', yField: 'User_2', highlight: { size: 3, radius: 3 } },{ type: 'line', axis: 'left', xField: 'sHourName', yField: 'User_1', highlight: { size: 3, radius: 3 } }] }); });

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  • Saving "heavy" image to PDF in MATLAB - rendering problem

    - by yuk
    I generate a figure in MATLAB with lot amount of points (100000+) and want to save it into a PDF file. With zbuffer or painters renderer I've got very large and slowly opened file (over 4 Mb) - all points are in vector format. Using OpenGL renderer rasterize the figure in PDF, ok for the plot, but not good for text labels. The file size is about 150 Kb. Try this simplified code, for example: x=linspace(1,10,100000); y=sin(x)+randn(size(x)); plot(x,y,'.') set(gcf,'Renderer','zbuffer') print -dpdf -r300 testpdf_zb set(gcf,'Renderer','painters') print -dpdf -r300 testpdf_pa set(gcf,'Renderer','opengl') print -dpdf -r300 testpdf_op The actual figure is much more complex with several axes and different types of plots. Is there a way to rasterize the figure, but keep text labels as vectors? Another problem with OpenGL is that is does not work in terminal mode (-nosplash -nodesktop) under Mac OSX. Looks like OpenGL is not supported. I have to use terminal mode for automation. The MATLAB version I run is 2007b. Mac OSX server 10.4.

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  • Thoughts about alternatives to barplot-with-error-bars

    - by gd047
    I was thinking of an alternative to the barplot-with-error-bars plot. To get an idea by example, I roughly 'sketched' what I mean using the following code library(plotrix) plot(0:12,type="n",axes=FALSE) gradient.rect(1,0,3,8,col=smoothColors("red",38,"red"),border=NA,gradient="y") gradient.rect(4,0,6,6,col=smoothColors("blue",38,"blue"),border=NA,gradient="y") lines(c(2,2),c(5.5,10.5)) lines(c(2-.5,2+.5),c(10.5,10.5)) lines(c(2-.5,2+.5),c(5.5,5.5)) lines(c(5,5),c(4.5,7.5)) lines(c(5-.5,5+.5),c(7.5,7.5)) lines(c(5-.5,5+.5),c(4.5,4.5)) gradient.rect(7,8,9,10.5,col=smoothColors("red",100,"white"),border=NA,gradient="y") gradient.rect(7,5.5,9,8,col=smoothColors("white",100,"red"),border=NA,gradient="y") lines(c(7,9),c(8,8),lwd=3) gradient.rect(10,6,12,7.5,col=smoothColors("blue",100,"white"),border=NA,gradient="y") gradient.rect(10,4.5,12,6,col=smoothColors("white",100,"blue"),border=NA,gradient="y") lines(c(10,12),c(6,6),lwd=3) The idea was to use bars like the ones in the second pair, instead of those in the first. However, there is something that I would like to change in the colors. Instead of a linear gradient fill, I would like to adjust the color intensity in accordance with the values of the pdf of the mean estimator. Do you think it is possible? A slightly different idea (where gradient fill isn't an issue) was to use one (or 2 back-to-back) bell curve(s) filled with (solid) color, instead of a rectangle. See for example the shape that corresponds to the letter F here. In that case the bell-curve(s) should (ideally) be drawn using something like plot(x, dnorm(x, mean = my.mean, sd = std.error.of.the.mean)) I have no idea though, of a way to draw rotated (and filled with color) bell curves. Of course, all of the above may be freely judged as midnight springtime dreams :-)

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  • Artifacts when trying to draw background grid without anti-aliasing in a QGraphicsScene

    - by estan
    Hi folks, I'm trying to draw a background grid in the drawBackground() function of my QGraphicsScene subclass: void Scene::drawBackground(QPainter *painter, const QRectF &rect) { const int gridSize = 50; const int realLeft = static_cast<int>(std::floor(rect.left())); const int realRight = static_cast<int>(std::ceil(rect.right())); const int realTop = static_cast<int>(std::floor(rect.top())); const int realBottom = static_cast<int>(std::ceil(rect.bottom())); // Draw grid. const int firstLeftGridLine = realLeft - (realLeft % gridSize); const int firstTopGridLine = realTop - (realTop % gridSize); QVarLengthArray<QLine, 100> lines; for (qreal x = firstLeftGridLine; x <= realRight; x += gridSize) lines.append(QLine(x, realTop, x, realBottom)); for (qreal y = firstTopGridLine; y <= realBottom; y += gridSize) lines.append(QLine(realLeft, y, realRight, y)); //painter->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing); painter->setPen(QPen(QColor(220, 220, 220), 0.0)); painter->drawLines(lines.data(), lines.size()); // Draw axes. painter->setPen(QPen(Qt::lightGray, 0.0)); painter->drawLine(0, realTop, 0, realBottom); painter->drawLine(realLeft, 0, realRight, 0); } However, unless I turn on anti-aliasing, moving items around will sometimes leave artifacts in the grid (areas where it's not drawn). It seems it mostly happens at low zoom levels, when the view is zoomed out a bit. Any ideas what I might be doing wrong here? I'd really don't want to turn anti-aliasing on since the lines are strictly horizontal and vertical, and I'd like them to be as crisp as possible. Any help is much appriciated, Regards, Elvis

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  • Plotting an Arc in Discrete Steps

    - by phobos51594
    Good afternoon, Background My question relates to the plotting of an arbitrary arc in space using discrete steps. It is unique, however, in that I am not drawing to a canvas in the typical sense. The firmware I am designing is for a gcode interpreter for a CNC mill that will translate commands into stepper motor movements. Now, I have already found a similar question on this very site, but the methodology suggested (Bresenham's Algorithm) appears to be incompatable for moving an object in space, as it only relies on the calculation of one octant of a circle which is then mirrored about the remaining axes of symmetry. Furthermore, the prescribed method of calculation an arc between two arbitrary angles relies on trigonometry (I am implementing on a microcontroller and would like to avoid costly trig functions, if possible) and simply not taking the steps that are out of the range. Finally, the algorithm only is designed to work in one rotational direction (e.g. counterclockwise). Question So, on to the actual question: Does anyone know of a general-purpose algorithm that can be used to "draw" an arbitrary arc in discrete steps while still giving respect to angular direction (CW / CCW)? The final implementation will be done in C, but the language for the purpose of the question is irrelevant. Thank you in advance. References S.O post on drawing a simple circle using Bresenham's Algorithm: "Drawing" an arc in discrete x-y steps Wiki page describing Bresenham's Algorithm for a circle http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midpoint_circle_algorithm Gcode instructions to be implemented (see. G2 and G3) http://linuxcnc.org/docs/html/gcode.html

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  • Convert long/lat to pixel x/y on a given picure.

    - by Kalinin
    I have a city "map" (for example - Moscow). She in accuracy repeats the contours the given city in google maps (that is it is copied from google maps and it is a little processed, but the sense remained the same). Also I have object co-ordinates in a city (in co-ordinates of google). Problem: how to convert google co-ordinates to the co-ordinates of my picture (that is in pixels on OX and OY on a picture). That is I receive google-co-ordinates and it is necessary for me to draw this point on my picture. The most desired variant of the answer - is based on javascript, but it is possible and on php. I know that on small scales (for example on city scales) it to make simply enough (it is necessary to learn what google-co-ordinates has one of picture corners, then to learn "price" of one pixel in google-co-ordinates on a picture on axes OX and OY separately). But on the big scales (country scale) "price" of one pixel will be not a constant, and will vary strongly enough and the method described above cannot be applied. How to solve a problem on country scales?

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  • Jqplot - How to have vertical lines and make xaxis go up in plotted values?

    - by Beginner
    I have plotted a line graph using jqplot. What i would like is vertical lines and to start from 3 and go up in the plotted values along the bottom. so 3, 6, 9, 12 , 15, 29, 36 Also a dash marker along the left. This is what i have at the moment: $(document).ready(function(){ $.jqplot('chart2', [[[3, @(Model.LearnerWeek[0])], [6, @(Model.LearnerWeek[1])], [9, @(Model.LearnerWeek[2])], [12, @(Model.LearnerWeek[3])], [15, @(Model.LearnerWeek[4])], [29, @(Model.LearnerWeek[5])], [36, @(Model.LearnerWeek[6])]], [[3, @(Model.ManagerWeek[0])], [6, @(Model.ManagerWeek[1])], [9, @(Model.ManagerWeek[2])], [12, @(Model.ManagerWeek[3])], [15, @(Model.ManagerWeek[4])], [29, @(Model.ManagerWeek[5])], [36, @(Model.ManagerWeek[6])]]], { axes: { yaxis: { tickOptions: { show: false}, min: 0, max: 100, label: 'Participation Rate', labelRenderer: $.jqplot.CanvasAxisLabelRenderer }, xaxis: { min: 3, max: 36, label: 'Week', tickOptions: { formatString: '%d' } } }, seriesDefaults: { showMarker: false , rendererOptions: { diameter: undefined, // diameter of pie, auto computed by default. padding: 10, // padding between pie and neighboring legend or plot margin. fill: true, // render solid (filled) slices. shadowOffset: 2, // offset of the shadow from the chart. shadowDepth: 15, // Number of strokes to make when drawing shadow. Each stroke // offset by shadowOffset from the last. shadowAlpha: 1 // Opacity of the shadow } }, seriesColors: ['#3591cf', '#ef4058', '#73C774', '#C7754C', '#17BDB8'] }); }); I have played around with render options and xasis but cant seem to work it out

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