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  • Allocation algorithm help, using Python.

    - by Az
    Hi there, I've been working on this general allocation algorithm for students. The pseudocode for it (a Python implementation) is: for a student in a dictionary of students: for student's preference in a set of preferences (ordered from 1 to 10): let temp_project be the first preferred project check if temp_project is available if so, allocate it to them and make the project UNavailable to others Quite simply this will try to allocate projects by starting from their most preferred. The way it works, out of a set of say 100 projects, you list 10 you would want to do. So the 10th project wouldn't be the "least preferred overall" but rather the least preferred in their chosen set, which isn't so bad. Obviously if it can't allocate a project, a student just reverts to the base case which is an allocation of None, with a rank of 11. What I'm doing is calculating the allocation "quality" based on a weighted sum of the ranks. So the lower the numbers (i.e. more highly preferred projects), the better the allocation quality (i.e. more students have highly preferred projects). That's basically what I've currently got. Simple and it works. Now I'm working on this algorithm that tries to minimise the allocation weight locally (this pseudocode is a bit messy, sorry). The only reason this will probably work is because my "search space" as it is, isn't particularly large (just a very general, anecdotal observation, mind you). Since the project is only specific to my Department, we have their own limits imposed. So the number of students can't exceed 100 and the number of preferences won't exceed 10. for student in a dictionary/list/whatever of students: where i = 0 take the (i)st student, (i+1)nd student for their ranks: allocate the projects and set local_weighting to be sum(student_i.alloc_proj_rank, student_i+1.alloc_proj_rank) these are the cases: if local_weighting is 2 (i.e. both ranks are 1): then i += 1 and and continue above if local weighting is = N>2 (i.e. one or more ranks are greater than 1): let temp_local_weighting be N: pick student with lowest rank and then move him to his next rank and pick the other student and reallocate his project after this if temp_local_weighting is < N: then allocate those projects to the students move student with lowest rank to the next rank and reallocate other if temp_local_weighting < previous_temp_allocation: let these be the new allocated projects try moving for the lowest rank and reallocate other else: if this weighting => previous_weighting let these be the allocated projects i += 1 and move on for the rest of the students So, questions: This is sort of a modification of simulated annealing, but any sort of comments on this would be appreciated. How would I keep track of which student is (i) and which student is (i+1) If my overall list of students is 100, then the thing would mess up on (i+1) = 101 since there is none. How can I circumvent that? Any immediate flaws that can be spotted? Extra info: My students dictionary is designed as such: students[student_id] = Student(student_id, student_name, alloc_proj, alloc_proj_rank, preferences) where preferences is in the form of a dictionary such that preferences[rank] = {project_id}

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  • Storing simulation results in a persistent manner for Python?

    - by Az
    Background: I'm running multiple simuations on a set of data. For each session, I'm allocating projects to students. The difference between each session is that I'm randomising the order of the students such that all the students get a shot at being assigned a project they want. I was writing out some of the allocations in a spreadsheet (i.e. Excel) and it basically looked like this (tiny snapshot, actual table extends to a few thousand sessions, roughly 100 students). | | Session 1 | Session 2 | Session 3 | |----------|-----------|-----------|-----------| |Stu1 |Proj_AA |Proj_AB |Proj_AB | |----------|-----------|-----------|-----------| |Stu2 |Proj_AB |Proj_AA |Proj_AC | |----------|-----------|-----------|-----------| |Stu3 |Proj_AC |Proj_AC |Proj_AA | |----------|-----------|-----------|-----------| Now, the code that deals with the allocation currently stores a session in an object. The next time the allocation is run, the object is over-written. Thus what I'd really like to do is to store all the allocation results. This is important since I later need to derive from the data, information such as: which project Stu1 got assigned to the most or perhaps how popular Proj_AC was (how many times it was assigned / number of sessions). Question(s): What methods can I possibly use to basically store such session information persistently? Basically, each session output needs to add itself to the repository after ending and before beginning the next allocation cycle. One solution that was suggested by a friend was mapping these results to a relational database using SQLAlchemy. I kind of like the idea since this does give me an opportunity to delve into databases. Now the database structure I was recommended was: |----------|-----------|-----------| |Session |Student |Project | |----------|-----------|-----------| |1 |Stu1 |Proj_AA | |----------|-----------|-----------| |1 |Stu2 |Proj_AB | |----------|-----------|-----------| |1 |Stu3 |Proj_AC | |----------|-----------|-----------| |2 |Stu1 |Proj_AB | |----------|-----------|-----------| |2 |Stu2 |Proj_AA | |----------|-----------|-----------| |2 |Stu3 |Proj_AC | |----------|-----------|-----------| |3 |Stu1 |Proj_AB | |----------|-----------|-----------| |3 |Stu2 |Proj_AC | |----------|-----------|-----------| |3 |Stu3 |Proj_AA | |----------|-----------|-----------| Here, it was suggested that I make the Session and Student columns a composite key. That way I can access a specific record for a particular student for a particular session. Or I can merely get the entire allocation run for a particular session. Questions: Is the idea a good one? How does one implement and query a composite key using SQLAlchemy? What happens to the database if a particular student is not assigned a project (happens if all projects that he wants are taken)? In the code, if a student is not assigned a project, instead of a proj_id he simply gets None for that field/object. I apologise for asking multiple questions but since these are closely-related, I thought I'd ask them in the same space.

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  • How can i query for null values in entity framework?

    - by AZ
    I want to execute a query like this var result = from entry in table where entry.something == null select entry; and get an IS NULL generated. Edited: After the first two answers i feel the need to clarify that I'm using Entity Framework and not Linq to SQL. The object.Equals() method does not seem to work in EF. Edit no.2: The above query works as intended. It correctly generates IS NULL. My production code however was var value = null; var result = from entry in table where entry.something == value select entry; and the generated SQL was something = @p; @p = NULL. It seems that EF correctly translates the constant expression but if a variable is involved it treats it just like a normal comparison. Makes sense actually. I'll close this question

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  • Map only certain parts of the class to a database using SQLAlchemy?

    - by Az
    When mapping an object using SQLAlchemy, is there a way to only map certain elements of a class to a database, or does it have to be a 1:1 mapping? Example: class User(object): def __init__(self, name, username, password, year_of_birth): self.name = name self.username = username self.password = password self.year_of_birth = year_of_birth Say, for whatever reason, I only wish to map the name, username and password to the database and leave out the year_of_birth. Is that possible and will this create problems? Edit - 25/03/2010 Additionally, say I want to map username and year_of_birth to a separate database. Will this database and the one above still be connected (via username)?

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  • Help with copy and deepcopy in Python

    - by Az
    Hi there, I think I tried to ask for far too much in my previous question so apologies for that. Let me lay out my situation in as simple a manner as I can this time. Basically, I've got a bunch of dictionaries that reference my objects, which are in turn mapped using SQLAlchemy. All fine with me. However, I want to make iterative changes to the contents of those dictionaries. The problem is that doing so will change the objects they reference---and using copy.copy() does no good since it only copies the references contained within the dictionary. Thus even if copied something, when I try to, say print the contents of the dictionary, I'll only get the latest updated values for the object. This is why I wanted to use copy.deepcopy() but that does not work with SQLAlchemy. Now I'm in a dilemma since I need to copy certain attributes of my object before making said iterative changes. In summary, I need to use SQLAlchemy and at the same time make sure I can have a copy of my object attributes when making changes so I don't change the referenced object itself. Any advice, help, suggestions, etc.?

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  • How do I create a list or set object in a class in Python?

    - by Az
    For my project, the role of the Lecturer (defined as a class) is to offer projects to students. Project itself is also a class. I have some global dictionaries, keyed by the unique numeric id's for lecturers and projects that map to objects. Thus for the "lecturers" dictionary (currently): lecturer[id] = Lecturer(lec_name, lec_id, max_students) I'm currently reading in a white-space delimited text file that has been generated from a database. I have no direct access to the database so I haven't much say on how the file is formatted. Here's a fictionalised snippet that shows how the text file is structured. Please pardon the cheesiness. 0001 001 "Miyamoto, S." "Even Newer Super Mario Bros" 0002 001 "Miyamoto, S." "Legend of Zelda: Skies of Hyrule" 0003 002 "Molyneux, P." "Project Milo" 0004 002 "Molyneux, P." "Fable III" 0005 003 "Blow, J." "Ponytail" The structure of each line is basically proj_id, lec_id, lec_name, proj_name. Now, I'm currently reading the relevant data into the relevant objects. Thus, proj_id is stored in class Project whereas lec_name is a class Lecturer object, et al. The Lecturer and Project classes are not currently related. However, as I read in each line from the text file, for that line, I wish to read in the project offered by the lecturer into the Lecturer class; I'm already reading the proj_id into the Project class. I'd like to create an object in Lecturer called offered_proj which should be a set or list of the projects offered by that lecturer. Thus whenever, for a line, I read in a new project under the same lec_id, offered_proj will be updated with that project. If I wanted to get display a list of projects offered by a lecturer I'd ideally just want to use print lecturers[lec_id].offered_proj. My Python isn't great and I'd appreciate it if someone could show me a way to do that. I'm not sure if it's better as a set or a list, as well. Update After the advice from Alex Martelli and Oddthinking I went back and made some changes and tried to print the results. Here's the code snippet: for line in csv_file: proj_id = int(line[0]) lec_id = int(line[1]) lec_name = line[2] proj_name = line[3] projects[proj_id] = Project(proj_id, proj_name) lecturers[lec_id] = Lecturer(lec_id, lec_name) if lec_id in lecturers.keys(): lecturers[lec_id].offered_proj.add(proj_id) print lec_id, lecturers[lec_id].offered_proj The print lecturers[lec_id].offered_proj line prints the following output: 001 set([0001]) 001 set([0002]) 002 set([0003]) 002 set([0004]) 003 set([0005]) It basically feels like the set is being over-written or somesuch. So if I try to print for a specific lecturer print lec_id, lecturers[001].offered_proj all I get is the last the proj_id that has been read in.

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  • Trouble with copying dictionaries and using deepcopy on an SQLAlchemy ORM object

    - by Az
    Hi there, I'm doing a Simulated Annealing algorithm to optimise a given allocation of students and projects. This is language-agnostic pseudocode from Wikipedia: s ? s0; e ? E(s) // Initial state, energy. sbest ? s; ebest ? e // Initial "best" solution k ? 0 // Energy evaluation count. while k < kmax and e > emax // While time left & not good enough: snew ? neighbour(s) // Pick some neighbour. enew ? E(snew) // Compute its energy. if enew < ebest then // Is this a new best? sbest ? snew; ebest ? enew // Save 'new neighbour' to 'best found'. if P(e, enew, temp(k/kmax)) > random() then // Should we move to it? s ? snew; e ? enew // Yes, change state. k ? k + 1 // One more evaluation done return sbest // Return the best solution found. The following is an adaptation of the technique. My supervisor said the idea is fine in theory. First I pick up some allocation (i.e. an entire dictionary of students and their allocated projects, including the ranks for the projects) from entire set of randomised allocations, copy it and pass it to my function. Let's call this allocation aOld (it is a dictionary). aOld has a weight related to it called wOld. The weighting is described below. The function does the following: Let this allocation, aOld be the best_node From all the students, pick a random number of students and stick in a list Strip (DEALLOCATE) them of their projects ++ reflect the changes for projects (allocated parameter is now False) and lecturers (free up slots if one or more of their projects are no longer allocated) Randomise that list Try assigning (REALLOCATE) everyone in that list projects again Calculate the weight (add up ranks, rank 1 = 1, rank 2 = 2... and no project rank = 101) For this new allocation aNew, if the weight wNew is smaller than the allocation weight wOld I picked up at the beginning, then this is the best_node (as defined by the Simulated Annealing algorithm above). Apply the algorithm to aNew and continue. If wOld < wNew, then apply the algorithm to aOld again and continue. The allocations/data-points are expressed as "nodes" such that a node = (weight, allocation_dict, projects_dict, lecturers_dict) Right now, I can only perform this algorithm once, but I'll need to try for a number N (denoted by kmax in the Wikipedia snippet) and make sure I always have with me, the previous node and the best_node. So that I don't modify my original dictionaries (which I might want to reset to), I've done a shallow copy of the dictionaries. From what I've read in the docs, it seems that it only copies the references and since my dictionaries contain objects, changing the copied dictionary ends up changing the objects anyway. So I tried to use copy.deepcopy().These dictionaries refer to objects that have been mapped with SQLA. Questions: I've been given some solutions to the problems faced but due to my über green-ness with using Python, they all sound rather cryptic to me. Deepcopy isn't playing nicely with SQLA. I've been told thatdeepcopy on ORM objects probably has issues that prevent it from working as you'd expect. Apparently I'd be better off "building copy constructors, i.e. def copy(self): return FooBar(....)." Can someone please explain what that means? I checked and found out that deepcopy has issues because SQLAlchemy places extra information on your objects, i.e. an _sa_instance_state attribute, that I wouldn't want in the copy but is necessary for the object to have. I've been told: "There are ways to manually blow away the old _sa_instance_state and put a new one on the object, but the most straightforward is to make a new object with __init__() and set up the attributes that are significant, instead of doing a full deep copy." What exactly does that mean? Do I create a new, unmapped class similar to the old, mapped one? An alternate solution is that I'd have to "implement __deepcopy__() on your objects and ensure that a new _sa_instance_state is set up, there are functions in sqlalchemy.orm.attributes which can help with that." Once again this is beyond me so could someone kindly explain what it means? A more general question: given the above information are there any suggestions on how I can maintain the information/state for the best_node (which must always persist through my while loop) and the previous_node, if my actual objects (referenced by the dictionaries, therefore the nodes) are changing due to the deallocation/reallocation taking place? That is, without using copy?

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  • SQLAlchemy unsupported type error - and table design issues?

    - by Az
    Hi there, back again with some more SQLAlchemy shenanigans. Let me step through this. My table is now set up as so: engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:', echo=False) metadata = MetaData() students_table = Table('studs', metadata, Column('sid', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('name', String), Column('preferences', Integer), Column('allocated_rank', Integer), Column('allocated_project', Integer) ) metadata.create_all(engine) mapper(Student, students_table) Fairly simple, and for the most part I've been enjoying the ability to query almost any bit of information I want provided I avoid the error cases below. The class it is mapped from is: class Student(object): def __init__(self, sid, name): self.sid = sid self.name = name self.preferences = collections.defaultdict(set) self.allocated_project = None self.allocated_rank = 0 def __repr__(self): return str(self) def __str__(self): return "%s %s" %(self.sid, self.name) Explanation: preferences is basically a set of all the projects the student would prefer to be assigned. When the allocation algorithm kicks in, a student's allocated_project emerges from this preference set. Now if I try to do this: for student in students.itervalues(): session.add(student) session.commit() It throws two errors, one for the allocated_project column (seen below) and a similar error for the preferences column: sqlalchemy.exc.InterfaceError: (InterfaceError) Error binding parameter 4 - probably unsupported type. u'INSERT INTO studs (sid, name, allocated_rank, allocated_project) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)' [1101, 'Muffett,M.', 1, 888 Human-spider relationships (Supervisor id: 123)] If I go back into my code I find that, when I'm copying the preferences from the given text files, it actually refers to the Project class which is mapped to a dictionary, using the unique project id's (pid) as keys. Thus, as I iterate through each student via their rank and to the preferences set, it adds not a project id, but the reference to the project id from the projects dictionary. students[sid].preferences[int(rank)].add(projects[int(pid)]) Now this is very useful to me since I can find out all I want to about a student's preferred projects without having to run another check to pull up information about the project id. The form you see in the error has the object print information passed as: return "%s %s (Supervisor id: %s)" %(self.proj_id, self.proj_name, self.proj_sup) My questions are: I'm trying to store an object in a database field aren't I? Would the correct way then, be copying the project information (project id, name, etc) into its own table, referenced by the unique project id? That way I can just have the project id field for one of the student tables just be an integer id and when I need more information, just join the tables? So and so forth for other tables? If the above makes sense, then how does one maintain the relationship with a column of information in one table which is a key index on another table? Does this boil down into a database design problem? Are there any other elegant ways of accomplishing this? Apologies if this is a very long-winded question. It's rather crucial for me to solve this, so I've tried to explain as much as I can, whilst attempting to show that I'm trying (key word here sadly) to understand what could be going wrong.

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  • Using Python to get a CSV output for the following example.

    - by Az
    Hi there, I'm back again with my ongoing saga of Student-Project Allocation questions. Thanks to Moron (who does not match his namesake) I've got a bit of direction for an evaluation portion of my project. Going with the idea of the Assignment Problem and Hungarian Algorithm I would like to express my data in the form of a .csv file which would end up looking like this in spreadsheet form. This is based on the structure I saw here. | | Project 1 | Project 2 | Project 3 | |----------|-----------|-----------|-----------| |Student1 | | 2 | 1 | |----------|-----------|-----------|-----------| |Student2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |----------|-----------|-----------|-----------| |Student3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | |----------|-----------|-----------|-----------| To make it less cryptic: the rows are the Students/Agents and the columns represent Projects/Task. Obviously ONE project can be assigned to ONE student. That, in short, is what my project is about. The fields represent the preference weights the students have placed upon the projects (ranging from 1 to 10). If blank, that student does not want that project and there's no chance of him/her being assigned such. Anyway, my data is stored within dictionaries. Specifically the students and projects dictionaries such that: students[student_id] = Student(student_id, student_name, alloc_proj, alloc_proj_rank, preferences) where preferences is in the form of a dictionary such that preferences[rank] = {project_id} and projects[project_id] = Project(project_id, project_name) I'm aware that sorted(students.keys()) will give me a sorted list of all the student IDs which will populate the row labels and sorted(projects.keys()) will give me the list I need to populate the column labels. Thus for each student, I'd go into their preferences dictionary and match the applicable projects to ranks. I can do that much. Where I'm failing is understanding how to create a .csv file. Any help, pointers or good tutorials will be highly appreciated.

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  • How to generate graphs and statistics from SQLAlchemy tables [Python]?

    - by Az
    Hi all, After running a bunch of simulations I'm going to be outputting the results into a table created using SQLAlchemy. I plan to use this data to generatw statistics - mean and variance being key. These, in turn, will be used to generate some graphs - histograms/line graphs, pie-charts and box-and-whisker plots specifically. I'm aware of the Python graphing libraries like matplotlib. The thing is, I'm not sure how to have this integrate with the information contained within the database tables. Any suggestions on how to make these two play with each other? The main problem is that I'm not sure how to supply the information as "data sets" to the graphing library. Thanks in advance.

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  • WCF client using basic HTTP authentication

    - by AZ
    I'm trying to connect to a service that uses basic HTTP authentication. I've configured my binding like this <bindings> <basicHttpBinding> <binding name ="binding"> <security mode="TransportCredentialOnly"> <transport clientCredentialType="Basic"/> </security> </binding> </basicHttpBinding> </bindings> and i'm setting the credentials like this: client.ClientCredentials.UserName.UserName = Settings.UserName; client.ClientCredentials.UserName.Password = Settings.Password; Sill when i make a request i get a "The HTTP request is unauthorized with client authentication scheme 'Basic'" fault back. What am i doing wrong? (i don't have control over the service so all solutions must relate to the client configuration)

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  • Why doesn't this list comprehension do what I expect it to do?

    - by Az
    The original list project_keys = sorted(projects.keys()) is [101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110] where the following projects were deemed invalid this year: 108, 109, 110. Thus: for project in projects.itervalues(): # The projects dictionary is mapped to the Project class if project.invalid: # Where invalid is a Bool parameter in the Project class project_keys.remove(project.proj_id) print project_keys This will return a list of integers (which are project id's) as such: [101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107] Sweet. Now, I wanted it try the same thing using a list comprehension. project_keys = [project_keys.remove(project.proj_id) for project in projects.itervalues() if project.invalid print project_keys This returns: [None, None, None] So I'm populating a list with the same number as the removed elements but they're Nones? Can someone point out what I'm doing wrong? Additionally, why would I use a list comprehension over the for-if block at the top? Conciseness? Looks nicer?

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  • How can I "override" deepcopy in Python?

    - by Az
    Hi there, I'd like to override __deepcopy__ for a given SQLAlchemy-mapped class such that it ignores any SQLA attributes but deepcopies everything else that's part of the class. I'm not particularly familiar with overriding any of Python's built-in objects in particular but I've got some idea as to what I want. Let's just make a very simple class User that's mapped using SQLA. class User(object): def __init__(self, user_id, name): self.user_id = user_id self.name = name I've used dir() to see, before and after mapping, what SQLAlchemy-specific attributes there are and I've found _sa_class_manager and _sa_instance_state. Provided those are the only ones how would I ignore that when defining __deepcopy__? Also, are there any attributes the SQLA injects into the mapped object? (I asked this in a previous question (as an edit a few days after I selected an answer to the main question, though) but I think I missed the train there. Apologies for that.)

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  • Click a button on an MS Access form from C# using Access Interop

    - by Az
    Hi, I can connect to the access database and run functions etc from c#, I can even get a hold of the button I need to click, but I can't make it think it's been clicked. nonManagedDb.DoCmd.OpenForm("frmMaintenance", Access.AcFormView.acNormal, MissingVal, Access.AcFormOpenDataMode.acFormReadOnly, Access.AcWindowMode.acWindowNormal, MissingVal); var RunRep = (CommandButton)nonManagedDb.Forms["frmMaintenance"].Controls["btnDailySheetsReport"]; That's as afar as I've gotten with this, I've tried reflection to grab it's event and invoke it but it's classed as a COM object only so that's out.

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  • Use a foreign key mapping to get data from the other table using Python and SQLAlchemy.

    - by Az
    Hmm, the title was harder to formulate than I thought. Basically, I've got these simple classes mapped to tables, using SQLAlchemy. I know they're missing a few items but those aren't essential for highlighting the problem. class Customer(object): def __init__(self, uid, name, email): self.uid = uid self.name = name self.email = email def __repr__(self): return str(self) def __str__(self): return "Cust: %s, Name: %s (Email: %s)" %(self.uid, self.name, self.email) The above is basically a simple customer with an id, name and an email address. class Order(object): def __init__(self, item_id, item_name, customer): self.item_id = item_id self.item_name = item_name self.customer = None def __repr__(self): return str(self) def __str__(self): return "Item ID %s: %s, has been ordered by customer no. %s" %(self.item_id, self.item_name, self.customer) This is the Orders class that just holds the order information: an id, a name and a reference to a customer. It's initialised to None to indicate that this item doesn't have a customer yet. The code's job will assign the item a customer. The following code maps these classes to respective database tables. # SQLAlchemy database transmutation engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:', echo=False) metadata = MetaData() customers_table = Table('customers', metadata, Column('uid', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('name', String), Column('email', String) ) orders_table = Table('orders', metadata, Column('item_id', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('item_name', String), Column('customer', Integer, ForeignKey('customers.uid')) ) metadata.create_all(engine) mapper(Customer, customers_table) mapper(Orders, orders_table) Now if I do something like: for order in session.query(Order): print order I can get a list of orders in this form: Item ID 1001: MX4000 Laser Mouse, has been ordered by customer no. 12 What I want to do is find out customer 12's name and email address (which is why I used the ForeignKey into the Customer table). How would I go about it?

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  • Write XML using best way(Linq To XML or other)

    - by Pankaj
    Hello All I want to write my xml with following format. How can i do it?I am using c# <map borderColor='c5e5b8' fillColor='6a9057' numberSuffix=' Mill.' includeValueInLabels='0' labelSepChar=': ' baseFontSize='9' showFCMenuItem='0' hoverColor='c2bc23' showTitle='0' type='0' showCanvasBorder='0' bgAlpha='0,0' hoveronEmpty='1' includeNameInLabels='0' showLabels='1'> <!--toolText='Alaska'imageSave='1' imageSaveURL='Path/FusionChartsSave.aspx or FusionChartsSave.php'--> <data> <entity id='AL' value='AL' link="JavaScript:FilterClientProjectList('AL');" fontBold='1' showLabel='0' /> <entity id='AK' value='AK' link="JavaScript:FilterClientProjectList('AK');" fontBold='1' hoverColor='6a9057'/> <entity id='AZ' value='AZ' link="JavaScript:FilterClientProjectList('AZ');" fontBold='1'/> </data> <styles> <definition> <style name='MyFirstFontStyle' type='font' face='Verdana' size='11' color='0372AB' bold='1' bgColor='FFFFFF' /> </definition> <application> <apply toObject='Labels' styles='' /> </application> </styles> </map> Thanks in advance..

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  • MacOSX: remove write-protect flag from file in Terminal

    - by Albert
    Hi, I have a file on a FAT32 volume which is shown as write-protected in Finder (so I cannot move it). Removing that write-protected flag in the information dialog works just fine. However, I have many more such files and I thus want to do it via Terminal. I already tried via 'chmod +w' but that didn't worked. 'ls -la' showed me that they are already just fine ("-rwxrwxrwx 1 az az " where az is my user account). Then I thought this might be stored in some xattr properties but 'xattr -l' didn't gave me any entry. Then I thought this might be some ACL setting (whereby I thought they would be stored as xattr but let's try it anyway) - and some Google search returned me something with 'chmod -a' or 'chmod -i' or so. All these tries only give me chmod: No ACL currently associated with file" or chmod: Failed to set ACL on file...: Operation not permitted". But I definitly have no write access to the file because I cannot move it or do any other change to it (in Terminal). Removing the write-access flag in Finder solves that.

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  • How to simplify my country select menu PHP/mysql

    - by user342391
    I have a select menu that displays countries. It looks at the DB and judging by the value in the db shows the option as selected. Is there a simpler way off doing this than: if ($country == 'AG') {echo '<option value="AG" selected="selected">Antigua</option>';} else {echo '<option value="AG">Antigua</option>';}; if ($country == 'AR') {echo '<option value="AR" selected="selected">Argentina</option>';} else {echo '<option value="AR">Argentina</option>';}; if ($country == 'AM') {echo '<option value="AM" selected="selected">Armenia</option>';} else {echo '<option value="AM">Armenia</option>';}; if ($country == 'AW') {echo '<option value="AW" selected="selected">Aruba</option>';} else {echo '<option value="AW">Aruba</option>';}; if ($country == 'AU') {echo '<option value="AU" selected="selected">Australia</option>';} else {echo '<option value="AU">Australia</option >';}; if ($country == 'AT') {echo '<option value="AT" selected="selected">Austria</option>';} else {echo '<option value="AT">Austria</option>';}; if ($country == 'AZ') {echo '<option value="AZ" selected="selected">Azerbaijan</option>';} else {echo '<option value="AZ">Azerbaijan</option>';}; if ($country == 'BS') {echo '<option value="BS" selected="selected">Bahamas</option>';} else {echo '<option value="BS">Bahamas</option>';}; if ($country == 'BH') {echo '<option value="BH" selected="selected">Bahrain</option>';} else {echo '<option value="BH">Bahrain</option>';}; There are a lot of countries and doing this would be madness wouldn't it????

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  • compile Boost as static Universal binary lib

    - by Albert
    I want to have a static Universal binary lib of Boost. (Preferable the latest stable version, that is 1.43.0, or newer.) I found many Google hits with similar problems and possible solutions. However, most of them seems outdated. Also none of them really worked. Right now, I am trying sudo ./bjam --toolset=darwin --link=static --threading=multi \ --architecture=combined --address-model=32_64 \ --macosx-version=10.4 --macosx-version-min=10.4 \ install That compiles and install fine. However, the produced binaries seems broken. az@ip245 47 (openlierox) %file /usr/local/lib/libboost_signals.a /usr/local/lib/libboost_signals.a: current ar archive random library az@ip245 49 (openlierox) %lipo -info /usr/local/lib/libboost_signals.a input file /usr/local/lib/libboost_signals.a is not a fat file Non-fat file: /usr/local/lib/libboost_signals.a is architecture: x86_64 az@ip245 48 (openlierox) %otool -hv /usr/local/lib/libboost_signals.a Archive : /usr/local/lib/libboost_signals.a /usr/local/lib/libboost_signals.a(trackable.o): Mach header magic cputype cpusubtype caps filetype ncmds sizeofcmds flags MH_MAGIC_64 X86_64 ALL 0x00 OBJECT 3 1536 SUBSECTIONS_VIA_SYMBOLS /usr/local/lib/libboost_signals.a(connection.o): Mach header magic cputype cpusubtype caps filetype ncmds sizeofcmds flags MH_MAGIC_64 X86_64 ALL 0x00 OBJECT 3 1776 SUBSECTIONS_VIA_SYMBOLS /usr/local/lib/libboost_signals.a(named_slot_map.o): Mach header magic cputype cpusubtype caps filetype ncmds sizeofcmds flags MH_MAGIC_64 X86_64 ALL 0x00 OBJECT 3 1856 SUBSECTIONS_VIA_SYMBOLS /usr/local/lib/libboost_signals.a(signal_base.o): Mach header magic cputype cpusubtype caps filetype ncmds sizeofcmds flags MH_MAGIC_64 X86_64 ALL 0x00 OBJECT 3 1776 SUBSECTIONS_VIA_SYMBOLS /usr/local/lib/libboost_signals.a(slot.o): Mach header magic cputype cpusubtype caps filetype ncmds sizeofcmds flags MH_MAGIC_64 X86_64 ALL 0x00 OBJECT 3 1616 SUBSECTIONS_VIA_SYMBOLS Any suggestion how to get that correct?

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  • Accelerometer gravity components

    - by Dvd
    Hi, I know this question is definitely solved somewhere many times already, please enlighten me if you know of their existence, thanks. Quick rundown: I want to compute from a 3 axis accelerometer the gravity component on each of these 3 axes. I have used 2 axes free body diagrams to work out the accelerometer's gravity component in the world X-Z, Y-Z and X-Y axes. But the solution seems slightly off, it's acceptable for extreme cases when only 1 accelerometer axis is exposed to gravity, but for a pitch and roll of both 45 degrees, the combined total magnitude is greater than gravity (obtained by Xa^2+Ya^2+Za^2=g^2; Xa, Ya and Za are accelerometer readings in its X, Y and Z axis). More detail: The device is a Nexus One, and have a magnetic field sensor for azimuth, pitch and roll in addition to the 3-axis accelerometer. In the world's axis (with Z in the same direction as gravity, and either X or Y points to the north pole, don't think this matters much?), I assumed my device has a pitch (P) on the Y-Z axis, and a roll (R) on the X-Z axis. With that I used simple trig to get: Sin(R)=Ax/Gxz Cos(R)=Az/Gxz Tan(R)=Ax/Az There is another set for pitch, P. Now I defined gravity to have 3 components in the world's axis, a Gxz that is measurable only in the X-Z axis, a Gyz for Y-Z, and a Gxy for X-Y axis. Gxz^2+Gyz^2+Gxy^2=2*G^2 the 2G is because gravity is effectively included twice in this definition. Oh and the X-Y axis produce something more exotic... I'll explain if required later. From these equations I obtained a formula for Az, and removed the tan operations because I don't know how to handle tan90 calculations (it's infinity?). So my question is, anyone know whether I did this right/wrong or able to point me to the right direction? Thanks! Dvd

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  • How to change image through click - javascript

    - by Elmir Kouliev
    I have a toolbar that has 5 table cells. The first cell looks clear, and the other 4 have a shade over them. I want to make it so that clicking on the table cell will also change the image so that the shade will also change in respect to the current table cell that is selected. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <title>X?B?RL?R V? HADIS?L?R</title> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="N&SAz.css" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../../Images/favicon.ico" /> <script type="text/javascript"> var switchTo5x = true; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://w.sharethis.com/button/buttons.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> stLight.options({ publisher: "581d0c30-ee9d-4c94-9b6f-a55e8ae3f4ae" }); </script> <script src="../../jquery-1.7.2.min.js" type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { $(".fade").css("display", "none"); $(".fade").fadeIn(20); $("a.transition").click(function (event) { event.preventDefault(); linkLocation = this.href; $("body").fadeOut(500, redirectPage); }); function redirectPage() { window.location = linkLocation; } }); $(document).ready(function () { $('.preview').hide(); $('#link_1').click(function () { $('#latest_story_preview1').hide(); $('#latest_story_preview2').hide(); $('#latest_story_preview3').hide(); $('#latest_story_preview4').hide(); $('#latest_story_main').fadeIn(800); }); $('#link_2').click(function () { $('#latest_story_main').hide(); $('#latest_story_preview2').hide(); $('#latest_story_preview3').hide(); $('#latest_story_preview4').hide(); $('#latest_story_preview1').fadeIn(800); }); $('#link_3').click(function () { $('#latest_story_main').hide(); $('#latest_story_preview1').hide(); $('#latest_story_preview3').hide(); $('#latest_story_preview4').hide(); $('#latest_story_preview2').fadeIn(800); }); $('#link_4').click(function () { $('#latest_story_main').hide(); $('#latest_story_preview1').hide(); $('#latest_story_preview2').hide(); $('#latest_story_preview4').hide(); $('#latest_story_preview3').fadeIn(800); }); $('#link_5').click(function () { $('#latest_story_main').hide(); $('#latest_story_preview1').hide(); $('#latest_story_preview2').hide(); $('#latest_story_preview3').hide(); $('#latest_story_preview4').fadeIn(800); }); $(".fade").css("display", "none"); $(".fade").fadeIn(1200); $("a.transition").click(function (event) { event.preventDefault(); linkLocation = this.href; $("body").fadeOut(500, redirectPage); }); }); </script> </head> <body id="body" style="background-color:#FFF;" onload="document"> <div style="margin:0px auto;width:1000px;" id="all_content"> <div id="top_content" style="background-color:transparent;"> <ul id="translation_list"> <li> <a href=""> AZ </a> </li> <li> <a href="#"> RUS </a> </li> <li> <a href="#"> ENG </a> </li> </ul> <div id="share_buttons"> <span class='st_facebook' displayText='' title="Facebook"></span> <span class='st_twitter' displayText='' title="Twitter"></span> <span class='st_linkedin' displayText='' title="Linkedin"></span> <span class='st_googleplus' displayText='' title="Google +"></span> <span class='st_email' displayText='' title="Email"></span> </div> <img src="../../Images/RasulGuliyev.png" width="330" height="80" id="top_logo"> <br /> <br /> <div class="fade" id="navigation"> <ul> <font face="Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif"> <li> <a href="../../index.html"> ANA S?HIF? </a> </li> <li> <a href="../biographyAZ.html"> BIOQRAFIYA </a> </li> <li style="background-color:#9C1A35;"> <a href="#"> X?B?RL?R V? HADIS?L?R </a> </li> <li> <a> PROQRAM </a> </li> <li> <a> SEÇICIL?R </a> </li> <li> <a> ?LAQ?L?R</a> </li> </font> </ul> </div> <font face="Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif"> <br /> <div id="navigation2"> <ul> <a> <li><i> HADIS?L?R </i></li> </a> <a> <li><i>VIDEOLAR</i> </li> </a> </ul> </div> <div id="news_section" style="background-color:#FFF;"> <h3 style="font-weight:100; font-size:22px; font-style:normal; color:#7C7C7C;">Son X?b?rl?r</h3> <div class="fade" id="Latest-Stories"> <table id="stories-preview" width="330" height="598" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td> <a id="link_1" href="#"><img src="../../Images/N&EImages/images/Article-Nav-Bar1_01.gif" width="330" height="114" alt=""></a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a id="link_2" href="#"> <img src="../../Images/N&EImages/images/Article-Nav-Bar1_02.gif" width="330" height="109" alt=""> </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a id="link_3" href="#"> <img src="../../Images/N&EImages/images/Article-Nav-Bar1_03.gif" width="330" height="132" alt=""></a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a id="link_4" href="#"><img src="../../Images/N&EImages/images/Article-Nav-Bar1_04.gif" width="330" height="124" alt=""></a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a id="link_5" href="#"><img src="../../Images/N&EImages/images/Article-Nav-Bar1_05.gif" width="330" height="119" alt=""></a> </td> </tr> </table> <div class="fade" id="latest_story_main"> <!--START--> <img src="../../Images/N&EImages/GuliyevFace.jpeg" style="padding:4px; margin-top:6px; border-style:groove; border-width:thin; margin-left:90px;" /> <a href="#"> <h2 style="font-weight:100; font-style:normal;"> "Bizim V?zif?miz Az?rbaycan Xalqinin T?zyiq? M?ruz Qalmamasini T?min Etm?kdir" </h2> </a> <h5 style="font-weight:100; font-size:12px; color:#888; opacity:.9;"> <img src="../../Images/ClockImage.png" />IYUN 19, 2012 BY RASUL GULIYEV - R?SUL QULIYEV</h5> <p style="font-size:14px; font-style:normal;">ACP-nin v? Müqavim?t H?r?katinin lideri, eks-spiker R?sul Quliyev "Yeni Müsavat"a müsahib? verib. O, son vaxtlar ACP-d? bas ver?n kadr d?yisiklikl?ri, bar?sind? dolasan söz-söhb?tl?r v? dig?r m?s?l?l?r? aydinliq g?tirib. Müsahib?ni t?qdim edirik. – Az?rbaycanda siyasi günd?mi ?hat? ed?n m?s?l?l?rd?n biri d? Sülh?ddin ?kb?rin ACP-y? s?dr g?tirilm?sidir. Ideya v? t?s?bbüs kimin idi? – ?vv?ll?r d? qeyd <a href="#"> [...]</a> </p> <!--FIRST STORY END --> </div> <div class="preview" id="latest_story_preview1"> <!--START--> <img src="../../Images/N&EImages/GuliyevFace2.jpeg" style="padding:4px; margin-top:6px; border-style:groove; border-width:thin; margin-left:90px;" /> <a href="#"> <h2 style="font-weight:100; font-style:normal;"> "S?xsiyy?ti Alçaldilan Insanlarin Qisasi Amansiz Olur" </h2></a> <h5 style="font-weight:100; font-size:12px; color:#888; opacity:.9;"> <img src="../../Images/ClockImage.png" />IYUN 12, 2012 BY RASUL GULIYEV - R?SUL QULIYEV</h5> <p style="font-size:14px; font-style:normal;">R?sul Quliyev: "Az?rbaycanda müxalif?tin görün?n f?aliyy?ti ?halinin hökum?td?n naraziliq potensialini ifad? etmir" Eks-spiker Avropa görüsl?rinin yekunlarini s?rh etdi ACP lideri R?sul Quliyevin Avropa görüsl?ri basa çatib. S?f?rin yekunlari bar?d? R?sul Quliyev eksklüziv olaraq "Yeni Müsavat"a açiqlama verib. Norveçd? keçiril?n görüsl?rd? Açiq C?miyy?t v? Liberal Demokrat partiyalarinin s?drl?ri Sülh?ddin ?kb?r, Fuad ?liyev v? Müqavim?t H?r?kati Avropa <a href="#"> [...]</a> </p> <!--SECOND STORY END --> </div> <div class="preview" id="latest_story_preview2"> <!--START--> <img src="../../Images/N&EImages/GuliyevFace3.jpeg" style="padding:4px; margin-top:6px; border-style:groove; border-width:thin; margin-left:90px;" /> <a href="#"> <h2 style="font-weight:100; font-style:normal;"> R?sul Quliyevin Iyunun 4, 2012-ci ild? Bryusseld?ki Görüsl?rl? ?laq?dar Çixisi </h2></a> <h5 style="font-weight:100; font-size:12px; color:#888; opacity:.9;"> <img src="../../Images/ClockImage.png" />IYUN 4, 2012 BY RASUL GULIYEV - R?SUL QULIYEV</h5> <p style="font-size:14px; font-style:normal;">Brüssel görüsl?ri – Az?rbaycanda xalqin malini ogurlayan korrupsioner Höküm?t liderl?rinin xarici banklarda olan qara pullari v? ?mlaklarinin dondurulmasina çox qalmayib. Camaatin hüquqlarini pozan polis, prokuratura v? m?hk?m? isçil?rin? v? onlarin r?hb?rl?rin? viza m?hdudiyy?tl?ri qoymaqda reallasacaq. R?sul Quliyevin Iyunun 4, 2012-ci ild? Bryusseld?ki Görüsl?rl? ?laq?dar Çixisi Rasul Guliyev's Speech on June 4, 2012 about Brussels Meetings <a href="#">[...]</a> </p> <!--THIRD STORY END --> </div> <div class="preview" id="latest_story_preview3"> <!--START--> <img src="../../Images/N&EImages/GuliyevGroup1.jpeg" style="padding:4px; margin-top:6px; border-style:groove; border-width:thin; margin-left:90px;" /> <a href="#"> <h2 style="font-weight:100; font-style:normal;"> R?sul Quliyevin Avropa Parlamentind? v? Hakimiyy?t Qurumlarinda Görüsl?ri Baslamisdir </h2></a> <h5 style="font-weight:100; font-size:12px; color:#888; opacity:.9;"> <img src="../../Images/ClockImage.png" />MAY 31, 2012 BY RASUL GULIYEV - R?SUL QULIYEV</h5> <p style="font-size:14px; font-style:normal;">Aciq C?miyy?t Partiyasinin lideri, eks-spiker R?sul Quliyev Avropa Parlamentind? görüsl?rini davam etdirir. Bu haqda "Yeni Müsavat"a R.Quliyev özü m?lumat verib. O bildirib ki, görüsl?rd? Liberal Demokrat Partiyasinin s?dri Fuad ?liyev v? R.Quliyevin Skandinaviya ölk?l?ri üzr? müsaviri Rauf K?rimov da istirak edirl?r. Eks-spiker deyib ki, bu görüsl?r 2013-cü ild? keçiril?c?k prezident seçkil?rind? saxtalasdirmanin qarsisini almaq planinin [...]</p> <!--FOURTH STORY END --> </div> <div class="preview" id="latest_story_preview4"> <!--START--> <img src="../../Images/N&EImages/GuliyevGroup2.jpeg" style="padding:4px; margin-top:6px; border-style:groove; border-width:thin; margin-left:90px;" /> <a href="#"> <h2 style="font-weight:100; font-style:normal;"> Norveçin Oslo S?h?rind? Parlament Üzvl?ri il? v? Xarici Isl?r Nazirliyind? Görüsl?r </h2></a> <h5 style="font-weight:100; font-size:12px; color:#888; opacity:.9;"> <img src="../../Images/ClockImage.png" />MAY 30, 2012 BY RASUL GULIYEV - R?SUL QULIYEV</h5> <p style="font-size:14px; font-style:normal;">R?sul Quliyev Norveçin Oslo s?h?rind? Parlament üzvl?ri v? Xarici isl?r nazirliyind? görüsl?r keçirmisdir. Bu görüsl?rd? Az?rbaycandan Liberal Demokrat Partiyasinin s?dri Fuad ?liyev, Avro-Atlantik Surasinin s?dri Sülh?ddin ?kb?r v? Milli Müqavim?t H?r?katinin Skandinaviya ölk?l?ri üzr? nümay?nd?si Rauf K?rimov istirak etmisdir. Siyasil?r ilk ?vv?l mayin 22-d? Norveç Parlamentinin Avropa Surasinda t?msil ed?n nümay?nd? hey?tinin üzvül?ri Karin S. [...]</a> </p> <!--FIFTH STORY END --> </div> <hr /> </div> <!--LATEST STORIES --> <div class="fade" id="article-section"> <h3 style="font-weight:100; font-size:22px; font-style:normal; color:#7C7C7C;">Çecin X?b?rl?r</h3> <div class="older-article"> <img src="../../Images/N&EImages/GuliyevGroup2.jpeg" style="padding:4px; margin-top:6px; border-style:groove; border-width:thin; margin-left:90px;" /> <a href="#"> <h2 style="font-weight:100; font-style:normal;"> Norveçin Oslo S?h?rind? Parlament Üzvl?ri il? v? Xarici Isl?r Nazirliyind? Görüsl?r </h2></a> <h5 style="font-weight:100; font-size:12px; color:#888; opacity:.9;"> <img src="../../Images/ClockImage.png" />MAY 30, 2012 BY RASUL GULIYEV - R?SUL QULIYEV</h5> <p style="font-size:14px; font-style:normal;">R?sul Quliyev Norveçin Oslo s?h?rind? Parlament üzvl?ri v? Xarici isl?r nazirliyind? görüsl?r keçirmisdir. Bu görüsl?rd? Az?rbaycandan Liberal Demokrat Partiyasinin s?dri Fuad ?liyev, Avro-Atlantik Surasinin s?dri Sülh?ddin ?kb?r v? Milli Müqavim?t H?r?katinin Skandinaviya ölk?l?ri üzr? nümay?nd?si Rauf K?rimov istirak etmisdir. Siyasil?r ilk ?vv?l mayin 22-d? Norveç Parlamentinin Avropa Surasinda t?msil ed?n nümay?nd? hey?tinin üzvül?ri Karin S. [...]</a> </p> </div> <hr /> </div> <!--NEWS SECTION--> </font> <h3 class="fade" id="footer">Rasul Guliyev 2012</h3> </div> </body> </head> </html>

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