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  • Alter Dilemma : How to use to set Primary and other attributes.

    - by Rachel
    I have following table in database AND I need to alter it to below mentioned schema. Initially I was drop the current database and creating new one using the create but I am not supposed to do that and use ALTER but am not sure as to how can I use ALTER to add primary key and other constraints. Any Suggestions !!! Code Current: CREATE TABLE `details` ( `KEY` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `ID` bigint(20) NOT NULL, `CODE` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `C_ID` bigint(20) NOT NULL, `C_CODE` varchar(64) NOT NULL, `CCODE` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `TCODE` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `LCODE` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `CAMCODE` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `OFCODE` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `OFNAME` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `PRIORITY` bigint(20) NOT NULL, `STDATE` datetime NOT NULL, `ENDATE` datetime NOT NULL, `INT` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `PHONE` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `TV` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `MTV` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `TYPE` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `CREATED` datetime NOT NULL, `MAIN` varchar(255) NOT NULL ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; Desired: CREATE TABLE `details` ( `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL, `code` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `cid` bigint(20) NOT NULL, `ccode` varchar(64) NOT NULL, `c_code` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `tcode` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `lcode` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `camcode` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `ofcode` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `ofname` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `priority` bigint(20) NOT NULL, `stdate` datetime NOT NULL, `enddate` datetime NOT NULL, `list` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `created` datetime NOT NULL, `date` datetime NOT NULL, `ofshn` int(20) NOT NULL, `ofcl` int(20) NOT NULL, `ofr` int(20) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`code`,`ccode`,`list`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; Thanks !!!

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  • Is it necessary to mysql real escape when using alter table?

    - by cgwebprojects
    I noticed the other day that I cannot bind variables when using PDO with ALTER TABLE for example the following example will not work, $q = $dbc -> prepare("ALTER TABLE emblems ADD ? TINYINT(1) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', ADD ? DATETIME NOT NULL"); $q -> execute(array($emblemDB, $emblemDB . 'Date')); So is it necessary to use mysql_real_escape string and do it like below, // ESCAPE NAME FOR MYSQL INSERTION $emblemDB = mysql_real_escape_string($emblemDB); // INSERT EMBLEM DETAILS INTO DATABASE $q = $dbc -> prepare("ALTER TABLE emblems ADD " . $emblemDB . " TINYINT(1) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', ADD " . $emblemDB . "Date DATETIME NOT NULL"); $q -> execute(); Or do I not need to add in mysql_real_escape_string? As the only thing the query can do is ADD columns? Thanks

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  • Alter a function as a parameter before evaluating it in R?

    - by Shane
    Is there any way, given a function passed as a parameter, to alter its input parameter string before evaluating it? Here's pseudo-code for what I'm hoping to achieve: test.func <- function(a, b) { # here I want to alter the b expression before evaluating it: b(..., val1=a) } Given the function call passed to b, I want to add in a as another parameter without needing to always specify ... in the b call. So the output from this test.func call should be: test.func(a="a", b=paste(1, 2)) "1" "2" "a" Edit: Another way I could see doing something like this would be if I could assign the additional parameter within the scope of the parent function (again, as pseudo-code); in this case a would be within the scope of t1 and hence t2, but not globally assigned: t2 <- function(...) { paste(a=a, ...) } t1 <- function(a, b) { local( { a <<- a; b } ) } t1(a="a", b=t2(1, 2)) This is somewhat akin to currying in that I'm nesting the parameter within the function itself. Edit 2: Just to add one more comment to this: I realize that one related approach could be to use "prototype-based programming" such that things would be inherited (which could be achieved with the proto package). But I was hoping for a easier way to simply alter the input parameters before evaluating in R.

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  • How do I get GNU screen not to start in my home directory in OS X?

    - by Benjamin Oakes
    GNU Screen (screen) behaves differently on OS X 10.5 (Leopard) and 10.6 (Snow Leopard) compared to Linux (at least Ubuntu, Red Hat, and Gentoo) and OS X 10.4 (Tiger). In 10.5 and 10.6, new screens (made with screen or ^A c) always places me in my home directory ~. In Linux and OS X Tiger, new screens have a pwd of wherever the screen was created originally. Made up examples to illustrate what I mean: Tiger: $ cd ~/foo $ pwd /Users/ben/foo $ screen $ pwd /Users/ben/foo $ screen # or ^A c $ pwd /Users/ben/foo Leopard, Snow Leopard: $ cd ~/foo $ pwd /Users/ben/foo $ screen $ pwd /Users/ben $ screen # or ^A c $ pwd /Users/ben How do I get Leopard and Snow Leopard to behave like Tiger used to?

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  • How do I alter/customize the GRUB boot menu for Ubuntu 12.10?

    - by Kyle Payne
    I use a shared computer, so I need to make it user friendly for my-less-than-computer-knowledgable friend currently have Ubuntu 12.10 installed I would like to change the GRUB menu so that Windows 7 is at the top of the list (thus allowing the automatic timeout to automatically select it on startup) and Ubuntu down below I've already used the information used at { How do I change the grub boot order? } and that didn't work.

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  • Do all mods simply alter game files? [on hold]

    - by Starkers
    When you install some mods you drag certain files into your game directory and replace the files. Other mods, though, come with an installer where you can set parameters first. Does the installer then go and automatically replace the certain files? At the end of the day, is that all the installation of any mod is? Is the installation of a mod simply the replacement of certain files inside the game's root directory? Do mods exist which don't fit the above statement? That install outside the game's root? Why do they do this? All the mods I can think of do just replace certain files inside the game's root. However, I know Team Fortress was spawned from a multiplayer halflife 1 mod. Do you reckon that mod installed files outside the root to enable multiplayer via a network for a single player game? How rare are these mods? Or do they not even exist? Do even extensive mods make all their changes inside the root?

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  • extensible database design: automatic ALTER TABLE or serialize() field BLOB ?

    - by mario
    I want an adaptable database scheme. But still use a simple table data gateway in my application, where I just pass an $data[] array for storing. The basic columns are settled in the initial table scheme. There will however arise a couple of meta fields later (ca 10-20). I want some flexibility there and not adapt the database manually each time, or -worse- change the application logic just because of new fields. So now there are two options which seem workable yet not overkill. But I'm not sure about the scalability or database drawbacks. (1) Automatic ALTER TABLE. Whenever the $data array is to be saved, the keys are compared against the current database columns. New columns get defined before the $data is INSERTed into the table. Actually seems simple enough in test code: function save($data, $table="forum") { // columns if ($new_fields = array_diff(array_keys($data), known_fields($table))) { extend_schema($table, $new_fields, $data); } // save $columns = implode("`, `", array_keys($data)); $qm = str_repeat(",?", count(array_keys($data)) - 1); echo ("INSERT INTO `$table` (`$columns`) VALUES (?$qm);"); function known_fields($table) { return unserialize(@file_get_contents("db:$table")) ?: array("id"); function extend_schema($table, $new_fields, $data) { foreach ($new_fields as $field) { echo("ALTER TABLE `$table` ADD COLUMN `$field` VARCHAR;"); Since it is mostly meta information fields, adding them just as VARCHAR seems sufficient. Nobody will query by them anyway. So the database is really just used as storage here. However, while I might want to add a lot of new $data fields on the go, they will not always be populated. (2) serialize() fields into BLOB. Any new/extraneous meta fields could be opaque to the database. Simply sorting out the virtual fields from the real database columns is simple. And the meta fields can just be serialize()d into a blob/text field then: function ext_save($data, $table="forum") { $db_fields = array("id", "content", "flags", "ext"); // disjoin foreach (array_diff(array_keys($data),$db_fields) as $key) { $data["ext"][$key] = $data[$key]; unset($data[$key]); } $data["ext"] = serialize($data["ext"]); Unserializing and unpacking this 'ext' column on read queries is a minor overhead. The advantage is that there won't be any sparsely filled columns in the database, so I guess it's compacter and faster than the AUTO ALTER TABLE approach. Of course, this method prevents ever using one of the new fields in a WHERE or GROUP BY clause. But I think none of the possible meta fields (user_agent, author_ip, author_img, votes, hits, last_modified, ..) would/should ever be used there anyway. So I currently prefer the 'ext' blob approach, even if it's a one-way ticket. How are such columns called usually? (looking for examples/doc) Would you use XML serialization for (very theoretical) in-database queries? The adapting table scheme seems a "cleaner" interface, even if most columns might remain empty then. How does that impact speed? How many such sparse VARCHAR fields can MySQL/innodb stomach? But most importantly: Is there any standard implementation for this? A pseudo ORM with automatic ALTER TABLE tricks? Storing a simple column list seems workable, but something like pdo::getColumnMeta would be more robust.

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  • If a table has two xml columns, will inserting records be a lot slower?

    - by Lieven Cardoen
    Is it a bad thing to have two xml columns in one table? + How much slower are these xml columns in terms of updating/inserting/reading data? In profiler this kind of insert normally takes 0 ms, but sometimes it goes up to 160ms: declare @p8 xml set @p8=convert(xml,N'<interactions><interaction correct="false" score="0" id="0" gapid="0" x="61" y="225"><feedback/><element id="0" position="0" elementtype="1"><asset/></element></interaction><interaction correct="false" score="0" id="1" gapid="1" x="64" y="250"><feedback/><element id="0" position="0" elementtype="1"><asset/></element></interaction><interaction correct="false" score="0" id="2" gapid="2" x="131" y="250"><feedback/><element id="0" position="0" elementtype="1"><asset/></element></interaction></interactions>') declare @p14 xml set @p14=convert(xml,N'<contentinteractions/>') exec sp_executesql N'INSERT INTO [dbo].[PackageSessionNodes]([dbo].[PackageSessionNodes].[PackageSessionId], [dbo].[PackageSessionNodes].[TreeNodeId],[dbo].[PackageSessionNodes].[Duration], [dbo].[PackageSessionNodes].[Score],[dbo].[PackageSessionNodes].[ScoreMax], [dbo].[PackageSessionNodes].[Interactions],[dbo].[PackageSessionNodes].[BrainTeaser], [dbo].[PackageSessionNodes].[DateCreated], [dbo].[PackageSessionNodes].[CompletionStatus], [dbo].[PackageSessionNodes].[ReducedScore], [dbo].[PackageSessionNodes].[ReducedScoreMax], [dbo].[PackageSessionNodes].[ContentInteractions]) VALUES (@ins_dboPackageSessionNodesPackageSessionId, @ins_dboPackageSessionNodesTreeNodeId, @ins_dboPackageSessionNodesDuration, @ins_dboPackageSessionNodesScore, @ins_dboPackageSessionNodesScoreMax, @ins_dboPackageSessionNodesInteractions, @ins_dboPackageSessionNodesBrainTeaser, @ins_dboPackageSessionNodesDateCreated, @ins_dboPackageSessionNodesCompletionStatus, @ins_dboPackageSessionNodesReducedScore, @ins_dboPackageSessionNodesReducedScoreMax, @ins_dboPackageSessionNodesContentInteractions) ; SELECT SCOPE_IDENTITY() as new_id This is the table: CREATE TABLE [dbo].[PackageSessionNodes]( [PackageSessionNodeId] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [PackageSessionId] [int] NOT NULL, [TreeNodeId] [int] NOT NULL, [Duration] [int] NULL, [Score] [float] NOT NULL, [ScoreMax] [float] NOT NULL, [Interactions] [xml] NOT NULL, [BrainTeaser] [bit] NOT NULL, [DateCreated] [datetime] NULL, [CompletionStatus] [int] NOT NULL, [ReducedScore] [float] NOT NULL, [ReducedScoreMax] [float] NOT NULL, [ContentInteractions] [xml] NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_PackageSessionNodes] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [PackageSessionNodeId] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[PackageSessionNodes] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_PackageSessionNodes_PackageSessions] FOREIGN KEY([PackageSessionId]) REFERENCES [dbo].[PackageSessions] ([PackageSessionId]) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[PackageSessionNodes] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_PackageSessionNodes_PackageSessions] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[PackageSessionNodes] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_PackageSessionNodes_TreeNodes] FOREIGN KEY([TreeNodeId]) REFERENCES [dbo].[TreeNodes] ([TreeNodeId]) GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[PackageSessionNodes] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_PackageSessionNodes_TreeNodes] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[PackageSessionNodes] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_PackageSessionNodes_Score] DEFAULT ((-1)) FOR [Score] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[PackageSessionNodes] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_PackageSessionNodes_ScoreMax] DEFAULT ((-1)) FOR [ScoreMax] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[PackageSessionNodes] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_PackageSessionNodes_DateCreated] DEFAULT (getdate()) FOR [DateCreated] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[PackageSessionNodes] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_PackageSessionNodes_ReducedScore] DEFAULT ((-1)) FOR [ReducedScore] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[PackageSessionNodes] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_PackageSessionNodes_ReducedScoreMax] DEFAULT ((-1)) FOR [ReducedScoreMax] GO

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  • Cannot disable index during PL/SQL procedure

    - by nw
    I've written a PL/SQL procedure that would benefit if indexes were first disabled, then rebuilt upon completion. An existing thread suggests this approach: alter session set skip_unusable_indexes = true; alter index your_index unusable; [do import] alter index your_index rebuild; However, I get the following error on the first alter index statement: SQL Error: ORA-14048: a partition maintenance operation may not be combined with other operations ORA-06512: [...] 14048. 00000 - "a partition maintenance operation may not be combined with other operations" *Cause: ALTER TABLE or ALTER INDEX statement attempted to combine a partition maintenance operation (e.g. MOVE PARTITION) with some other operation (e.g. ADD PARTITION or PCTFREE which is illegal *Action: Ensure that a partition maintenance operation is the sole operation specified in ALTER TABLE or ALTER INDEX statement; operations other than those dealing with partitions, default attributes of partitioned tables/indices or specifying that a table be renamed (ALTER TABLE RENAME) may be combined at will The problem index is defined so: CREATE INDEX A11_IX1 ON STREETS ("SHAPE") INDEXTYPE IS "SDE"."ST_SPATIAL_INDEX" PARAMETERS ('ST_GRIDS=890,8010,72090 ST_SRID=2'); This is a custom index type from a 3rd-party vendor, and it causes chronic performance degradation during high-volume update/insert/delete operations. Any suggestions on how to work around this error? By the way, this error only occurs within a PL/SQL block.

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  • Mysql - Help me alter this search query involving multiple joins and conditions to get the desired r

    - by sandeepan-nath
    About the system - We are following tags based search. Tutors create packs - tag relations for tutors stored in tutors_tag_relations and those for packs stored in learning_packs_tag_relations. All tags are stored in tags table. The system has 6 tables - tutors, Users (linked to tutor_details), learning_packs, learning_packs_tag_relations, tutors_tag_relations and tags Please run the following fresh queries to setup the system :- CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS learning_packs_tag_relations ( id_tag int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', id_tutor int(10) DEFAULT NULL, id_lp int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, KEY Learning_Packs_Tag_Relations_FKIndex1 (id_tag), KEY id_lp (id_lp), KEY id_tag (id_tag) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS learning_packs ( id_lp int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, id_status int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '2', id_author int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', name varchar(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', PRIMARY KEY (id_lp) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=21 ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tutors_tag_relations ( id_tag int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', id_tutor int(10) DEFAULT NULL, KEY Tutors_Tag_Relations (id_tag), KEY id_tutor (id_tutor), KEY id_tag (id_tag) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users ( id_user int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, name varchar(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', surname varchar(155) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', PRIMARY KEY (id_user) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=52 ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tutor_details ( id_tutor int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, id_user int(10) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id_tutor) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=60 ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tags ( id_tag int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, tag varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id_tag), UNIQUE KEY tag (tag) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=5 ; ALTER TABLE learning_packs_tag_relations ADD CONSTRAINT Learning_Packs_Tag_Relations_ibfk_1 FOREIGN KEY (id_tag) REFERENCES tags (id_tag) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION; ALTER TABLE learning_packs ADD CONSTRAINT Learning_Packs_ibfk_2 FOREIGN KEY (id_author) REFERENCES users (id_user) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION; ALTER TABLE tutors_tag_relations ADD CONSTRAINT Tutors_Tag_Relations_ibfk_1 FOREIGN KEY (id_tag) REFERENCES tags (id_tag) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION; INSERT INTO test.users ( id_user , name , surname ) VALUES ( NULL , 'Vivian', 'Richards' ), ( NULL , 'Sachin', 'Tendulkar' ); INSERT INTO test.users ( id_user , name , surname ) VALUES ( NULL , 'Don', 'Bradman' ); INSERT INTO test.tutor_details ( id_tutor , id_user ) VALUES ( NULL , '52' ), ( NULL , '53' ); INSERT INTO test.tutor_details ( id_tutor , id_user ) VALUES ( NULL , '54' ); INSERT INTO test.tags ( id_tag , tag ) VALUES ( 1 , 'Vivian' ), ( 2 , 'Richards' ); INSERT INTO test.tags (id_tag, tag) VALUES (3, 'Sachin'), (4, 'Tendulkar'); INSERT INTO test.tags (id_tag, tag) VALUES (5, 'Don'), (6, 'Bradman'); INSERT INTO test.learning_packs (id_lp, id_status, id_author, name) VALUES ('1', '1', '52', 'Cricket 1'), ('2', '2', '52', 'Cricket 2'); INSERT INTO test.tags (id_tag, tag) VALUES ('7', 'Cricket'), ('8', '1'); INSERT INTO test.tags (id_tag, tag) VALUES ('9', '2'); INSERT INTO test.learning_packs_tag_relations (id_tag, id_tutor, id_lp) VALUES ('7', '52', '1'), ('8', '52', '1'); INSERT INTO test.learning_packs_tag_relations (id_tag, id_tutor, id_lp) VALUES ('7', '52', '2'), ('9', '52', '2'); =================================================================================== Requirement Now I want to search learning_packs, with the same AND logic. Help me modify the following query so that searching pack name or tutor's name, surname results all active packs (either directly those packs or packs created by those tutors). ================================================================================== select lp.* from Learning_Packs AS lp LEFT JOIN Learning_Packs_Tag_Relations AS lptagrels ON lp.id_lp = lptagrels.id_lp LEFT JOIN Tutors_Tag_Relations as ttagrels ON lp.id_author = ttagrels.id_tutor LEFT JOIN Tutor_Details AS td ON ttagrels.id_tutor = td.id_tutor LEFT JOIN Users as u on td.id_user = u.id_user JOIN Tags as t on (t.id_tag = lptagrels.id_tag) or (t.id_tag = ttagrels.id_tag) where lp.id_status = 1 AND ( t.tag LIKE "%Vivian%" OR t.tag LIKE "%Richards%" ) group by lp.id_lp HAVING count(lp.id_lp) 1 limit 0,20 As you can see, searching "Cricket 1" returns that pack but searching Vivian Richards does not return the same pack. Please help

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  • MySQL Privileges required to GRANT EVENT, EXECUTE, LOCK TABLES, and TRIGGER

    - by Brad
    I have an account, user_a, and I would like to grant all available permissions on some_db to user_b. I have tried the following query: GRANT ALTER, ALTER ROUTINE, CREATE, CREATE ROUTINE, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, CREATE VIEW, DELETE, DROP, EVENT, EXECUTE, INDEX, INSERT, LOCK TABLES, REFERENCES, SELECT, SHOW VIEW, TRIGGER, UPDATE ON `some_db`.* TO 'user_b'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION The result: Access denied for user 'user_a'@'%' to database 'some_db' Some experimentation has shown me that the only permissions my account (user_a) is unable to grant are EVENT, EXECUTE, LOCK TABLES, and TRIGGER. What privileges are required for my account to GRANT these privileges to another user? If I run SHOW GRANTS, I get this output: "GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, REFERENCES, INDEX, ALTER, SHOW DATABASES, SUPER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW, CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE, CREATE USER ON *.* TO 'user_a'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '1234567890abcdef' WITH GRANT OPTION" "GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, EXECUTE ON `some_other_unrelated_db`.* TO 'user_a'@'%'" "GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, REFERENCES, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES, EXECUTE, CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE ON `another_unrelated_db`.* TO 'user_a'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION"

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  • How do I stop and repair a RAID 5 array that has failed and has I/O pending?

    - by Ben Hymers
    The short version: I have a failed RAID 5 array which has a bunch of processes hung waiting on I/O operations on it; how can I recover from this? The long version: Yesterday I noticed Samba access was being very sporadic; accessing the server's shares from Windows would randomly lock up explorer completely after clicking on one or two directories. I assumed it was Windows being a pain and left it. Today the problem is the same, so I did a little digging; the first thing I noticed was that running ps aux | grep smbd gives a lot of lines like this: ben 969 0.0 0.2 96088 4128 ? D 18:21 0:00 smbd -F root 1708 0.0 0.2 93468 4748 ? Ss 18:44 0:00 smbd -F root 1711 0.0 0.0 93468 1364 ? S 18:44 0:00 smbd -F ben 3148 0.0 0.2 96052 4160 ? D Mar07 0:00 smbd -F ... There are a lot of processes stuck in the "D" state. Running ps aux | grep " D" shows up some other processes including my nightly backup script, all of which need to access the volume mounted on my RAID array at some point. After some googling, I found that it might be down to the RAID array failing, so I checked /proc/mdstat, which shows this: ben@jack:~$ cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid5 sdb1[3](F) sdc1[1] sdd1[2] 2930271872 blocks level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/2] [_UU] unused devices: <none> And running mdadm --detail /dev/md0 gives this: ben@jack:~$ sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Sat Oct 31 20:53:10 2009 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 2930271872 (2794.53 GiB 3000.60 GB) Used Dev Size : 1465135936 (1397.26 GiB 1500.30 GB) Raid Devices : 3 Total Devices : 3 Preferred Minor : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Mon Mar 7 03:06:35 2011 State : active, degraded Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 64K UUID : f114711a:c770de54:c8276759:b34deaa0 Events : 0.208245 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 3 8 17 0 faulty spare rebuilding /dev/sdb1 1 8 33 1 active sync /dev/sdc1 2 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd1 I believe this says that sdb1 has failed, and so the array is running with two drives out of three 'up'. Some advice I found said to check /var/log/messages for notices of failures, and sure enough there are plenty: ben@jack:~$ grep sdb /var/log/messages ... Mar 7 03:06:35 jack kernel: [4525155.384937] md/raid:md0: read error NOT corrected!! (sector 400644912 on sdb1). Mar 7 03:06:35 jack kernel: [4525155.389686] md/raid:md0: read error not correctable (sector 400644920 on sdb1). Mar 7 03:06:35 jack kernel: [4525155.389686] md/raid:md0: read error not correctable (sector 400644928 on sdb1). Mar 7 03:06:35 jack kernel: [4525155.389688] md/raid:md0: read error not correctable (sector 400644936 on sdb1). Mar 7 03:06:56 jack kernel: [4525176.231603] sd 0:0:1:0: [sdb] Unhandled sense code Mar 7 03:06:56 jack kernel: [4525176.231605] sd 0:0:1:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE Mar 7 03:06:56 jack kernel: [4525176.231608] sd 0:0:1:0: [sdb] Sense Key : Medium Error [current] [descriptor] Mar 7 03:06:56 jack kernel: [4525176.231623] sd 0:0:1:0: [sdb] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed Mar 7 03:06:56 jack kernel: [4525176.231627] sd 0:0:1:0: [sdb] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 17 e1 5f bf 00 01 00 00 To me it is clear that device sdb has failed, and I need to stop the array, shutdown, replace it, reboot, then repair the array, bring it back up and mount the filesystem. I cannot hot-swap a replacement drive in, and don't want to leave the array running in a degraded state. I believe I am supposed to unmount the filesystem before stopping the array, but that is failing, and that is where I'm stuck now: ben@jack:~$ sudo umount /storage umount: /storage: device is busy. (In some cases useful info about processes that use the device is found by lsof(8) or fuser(1)) It is indeed busy; there are some 30 or 40 processes waiting on I/O. What should I do? Should I kill all these processes and try again? Is that a wise move when they are 'uninterruptable'? What would happen if I tried to reboot? Please let me know what you think I should do. And please ask if you need any extra information to diagnose the problem or to help!

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  • SQL SERVER – Disabled Index and Update Statistics

    - by pinaldave
    When we try to update the statistics, it throws an error as if the clustered index is disabled. Now let us enable the clustered index only and attempt to update the statistics of the table right after that. Have you ever come across the situation where a conversation never gets over and it continues even though original point of discussion has passed. I am facing the same situation in the case of Disabled Index. Here is the link to original conversations. SQL SERVER – Disable Clustered Index and Data Insert – Reader had a issue here with Disabled Index SQL SERVER – Understanding ALTER INDEX ALL REBUILD with Disabled Clustered Index – Reader asked the effect of Rebuilding Indexes The same reader asked me today – “I understood what the disabled indexes do; what is their effect on statistics. Is it true that even though indexes are disabled, they continue updating the statistics?“ The answer is very interesting: If you have disabled clustered index, you will be not able to update the statistics at all for any index. If you have enabled clustered index and disabled non clustered index when you update the statistics of the table, it automatically updates the statistics of the ALL (disabled and enabled – both) the indexes on the table. If you are not satisfied with the answer, let us go over a simple example. I have written necessary comments in the code itself to have a clear idea. USE tempdb GO -- Drop Table if Exists IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE OBJECT_ID = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[TableName]') AND type IN (N'U')) DROP TABLE [dbo].[TableName] GO -- Create Table CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TableName]( [ID] [int] NOT NULL, [FirstCol] [varchar](50) NULL ) GO -- Insert Some data INSERT INTO TableName SELECT 1, 'First' UNION ALL SELECT 2, 'Second' UNION ALL SELECT 3, 'Third' UNION ALL SELECT 4, 'Fourth' UNION ALL SELECT 5, 'Five' GO -- Create Clustered Index ALTER TABLE [TableName] ADD CONSTRAINT [PK_TableName] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([ID] ASC) GO -- Create Nonclustered Index CREATE UNIQUE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [IX_NonClustered_TableName] ON [dbo].[TableName] ([FirstCol] ASC) GO -- Check that all the indexes are enabled SELECT OBJECT_NAME(OBJECT_ID), Name, type_desc, is_disabled FROM sys.indexes WHERE OBJECT_NAME(OBJECT_ID) = 'TableName' GO Now let us update the statistics of the table and check the statistics update date. -- Update the stats of table UPDATE STATISTICS TableName WITH FULLSCAN GO -- Check Statistics Last Updated Datetime SELECT name AS index_name, STATS_DATE(OBJECT_ID, index_id) AS StatsUpdated FROM sys.indexes WHERE OBJECT_ID = OBJECT_ID('TableName') GO Now let us disable the indexes and check if they are disabled using sys.indexes. -- Disable Indexes -- Disable Nonclustered Index ALTER INDEX [IX_NonClustered_TableName] ON [dbo].[TableName] DISABLE GO -- Disable Clustered Index ALTER INDEX [PK_TableName] ON [dbo].[TableName] DISABLE GO -- Check that all the indexes are disabled SELECT OBJECT_NAME(OBJECT_ID), Name, type_desc, is_disabled FROM sys.indexes WHERE OBJECT_NAME(OBJECT_ID) = 'TableName' GO Let us try to update the statistics of the table. -- Update the stats of table UPDATE STATISTICS TableName WITH FULLSCAN GO /* -- Above operation should thrown following error Msg 1974, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 Cannot perform the specified operation on table 'TableName' because its clustered index 'PK_TableName' is disabled. */ When we try to update the statistics it throws an error as it clustered index is disabled. Now let us enable the clustered index only and attempt to update the statistics of the table right after that. -- Now let us rebuild clustered index only ALTER INDEX [PK_TableName] ON [dbo].[TableName] REBUILD GO -- Check that all the indexes status SELECT OBJECT_NAME(OBJECT_ID), Name, type_desc, is_disabled FROM sys.indexes WHERE OBJECT_NAME(OBJECT_ID) = 'TableName' GO -- Check Statistics Last Updated Datetime SELECT name AS index_name, STATS_DATE(OBJECT_ID, index_id) AS StatsUpdated FROM sys.indexes WHERE OBJECT_ID = OBJECT_ID('TableName') GO -- Update the stats of table UPDATE STATISTICS TableName WITH FULLSCAN GO -- Check Statistics Last Updated Datetime SELECT name AS index_name, STATS_DATE(OBJECT_ID, index_id) AS StatsUpdated FROM sys.indexes WHERE OBJECT_ID = OBJECT_ID('TableName') GO We can clearly see that even though the nonclustered index is disabled it is also updated. If you do not need a nonclustered index, I suggest you to drop it as keeping them disabled is an overhead on your system. This is because every time the statistics are updated for system all the statistics for disabled indexesare also updated. -- Clean up DROP TABLE [TableName] GO The complete script is given below for easy reference. USE tempdb GO -- Drop Table if Exists IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE OBJECT_ID = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[TableName]') AND type IN (N'U')) DROP TABLE [dbo].[TableName] GO -- Create Table CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TableName]( [ID] [int] NOT NULL, [FirstCol] [varchar](50) NULL ) GO -- Insert Some data INSERT INTO TableName SELECT 1, 'First' UNION ALL SELECT 2, 'Second' UNION ALL SELECT 3, 'Third' UNION ALL SELECT 4, 'Fourth' UNION ALL SELECT 5, 'Five' GO -- Create Clustered Index ALTER TABLE [TableName] ADD CONSTRAINT [PK_TableName] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([ID] ASC) GO -- Create Nonclustered Index CREATE UNIQUE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [IX_NonClustered_TableName] ON [dbo].[TableName] ([FirstCol] ASC) GO -- Check that all the indexes are enabled SELECT OBJECT_NAME(OBJECT_ID), Name, type_desc, is_disabled FROM sys.indexes WHERE OBJECT_NAME(OBJECT_ID) = 'TableName' GO -- Update the stats of table UPDATE STATISTICS TableName WITH FULLSCAN GO -- Check Statistics Last Updated Datetime SELECT name AS index_name, STATS_DATE(OBJECT_ID, index_id) AS StatsUpdated FROM sys.indexes WHERE OBJECT_ID = OBJECT_ID('TableName') GO -- Disable Indexes -- Disable Nonclustered Index ALTER INDEX [IX_NonClustered_TableName] ON [dbo].[TableName] DISABLE GO -- Disable Clustered Index ALTER INDEX [PK_TableName] ON [dbo].[TableName] DISABLE GO -- Check that all the indexes are disabled SELECT OBJECT_NAME(OBJECT_ID), Name, type_desc, is_disabled FROM sys.indexes WHERE OBJECT_NAME(OBJECT_ID) = 'TableName' GO -- Update the stats of table UPDATE STATISTICS TableName WITH FULLSCAN GO /* -- Above operation should thrown following error Msg 1974, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 Cannot perform the specified operation on table 'TableName' because its clustered index 'PK_TableName' is disabled. */ -- Now let us rebuild clustered index only ALTER INDEX [PK_TableName] ON [dbo].[TableName] REBUILD GO -- Check that all the indexes status SELECT OBJECT_NAME(OBJECT_ID), Name, type_desc, is_disabled FROM sys.indexes WHERE OBJECT_NAME(OBJECT_ID) = 'TableName' GO -- Check Statistics Last Updated Datetime SELECT name AS index_name, STATS_DATE(OBJECT_ID, index_id) AS StatsUpdated FROM sys.indexes WHERE OBJECT_ID = OBJECT_ID('TableName') GO -- Update the stats of table UPDATE STATISTICS TableName WITH FULLSCAN GO -- Check Statistics Last Updated Datetime SELECT name AS index_name, STATS_DATE(OBJECT_ID, index_id) AS StatsUpdated FROM sys.indexes WHERE OBJECT_ID = OBJECT_ID('TableName') GO -- Clean up DROP TABLE [TableName] GO Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Index, SQL Optimization, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology Tagged: SQL Statistics

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  • where is the best place to place a javascript snippet to alter the DOM of a page before it renders

    - by icepack
    I have a few dynamic pages and I want to alter certain elements before the page has fully rendered. My snippet is something like document.body.getElementById("change").innerHTML = "<img src..."; I do not have access to change the content server side. Where is the best place to put the snippet to have the code run before the page it has rendered? Rather, is putting the javascript in either the HEAD (inside the window.onload event?) or before the closing BODY(not inside an event listener) optimal?

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  • How to Not alter font in webpage after opening a file (pdf or jpg) in ASP.NET C#? [closed]

    - by Victor
    Possible Duplicate: How to not alter font in webpage after opening a pdf in ASP.NET C#? Previously I posted this question: How to open files from a specific route in ASP-NET c#? in fact, I have already asked this however it was only a minor question so I guess it wasn't that important in the previous post, so I will ask here. Whenever I open a pdf with: Response.Write("<script>window.open('FilePath');</script>"); All of the font in the page is altered, example, the letter's size increases and some of the letter's colors are switched to black instead of the font that I assigned. Is there a way that I can work around that?? http://imageshack.us/a/img838/5145/beforeja.png http://imageshack.us/a/img546/4760/afterw.png Oh and I noticed that this also happens when you open images like jpg

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  • referencing part of the composite primary key

    - by Zavael
    I have problems with setting the reference on database table. I have following structure: CREATE TABLE club( id INTEGER NOT NULL, name_short VARCHAR(30), name_full VARCHAR(70) NOT NULL ); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX club_uix ON club(id); ALTER TABLE club ADD CONSTRAINT club_pk PRIMARY KEY (id); CREATE TABLE team( id INTEGER NOT NULL, club_id INTEGER NOT NULL, team_name VARCHAR(30) ); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX team_uix ON team(id, club_id); ALTER TABLE team ADD CONSTRAINT team_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, club_id); ALTER TABLE team ADD FOREIGN KEY (club_id) REFERENCES club(id); CREATE TABLE person( id INTEGER NOT NULL, first_name VARCHAR(20), last_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL ); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX person_uix ON person(id); ALTER TABLE person ADD PRIMARY KEY (id); CREATE TABLE contract( person_id INTEGER NOT NULL, club_id INTEGER NOT NULL, wage INTEGER ); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX contract_uix on contract(person_id); ALTER TABLE contract ADD CONSTRAINT contract_pk PRIMARY KEY (person_id); ALTER TABLE contract ADD FOREIGN KEY (club_id) REFERENCES club(id); ALTER TABLE contract ADD FOREIGN KEY (person_id) REFERENCES person(id); CREATE TABLE player( person_id INTEGER NOT NULL, team_id INTEGER, height SMALLINT, weight SMALLINT ); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX player_uix on player(person_id); ALTER TABLE player ADD CONSTRAINT player_pk PRIMARY KEY (person_id); ALTER TABLE player ADD FOREIGN KEY (person_id) REFERENCES person(id); -- ALTER TABLE player ADD FOREIGN KEY (team_id) REFERENCES team(id); --this is not working It gives me this error: Error code -5529, SQL state 42529: a UNIQUE constraint does not exist on referenced columns: TEAM in statement [ALTER TABLE player ADD FOREIGN KEY (team_id) REFERENCES team(id)] As you can see, team table has composite primary key (club_id + id), the person references club through contract. Person has some common attributes for player and other staff types. One club can have multiple teams. Employed person has to have a contract with a club. Player (is the specification of person) - if emplyed - can be assigned to one of the club's teams. Is there better way to design my structure? I thought about excluding the club_id from team's primary key, but I would like to know if this is the only way. Thanks. UPDATE 1 I would like to have the id as team identification only within the club, so multiple teams can have equal id as long as they belong to different clubs. Is it possible? UPDATE 2 updated the naming convention as adviced by philip Some business rules to better understand the structure: One club can have 1..n teams (Main squad, Reserve squad, Youth squad or Team A, Team B... only team can play match, not club) One team belongs to one club only A player is type of person (other types (staff) are scouts, coaches etc so they do not need to belong to specific team, just to the club, if employed) Person can have 0..1 contract with 1 club (that means he is employed or unemployed) Player (if employed) belongs to one team of the club Now thinking about it - moving team_id from player to contract would solve my problem, and it could hold the condition "Player (if employed) belongs to one team of the club", but it would be redundant for other staff types. What do you think?

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  • How can I alter an external variable from inside my AJAX?

    - by tmedge
    I keep on having these same two problems. I have been trying to use Remy Sharp's wonderful tagSuggest plugin, and it works great. Until I try to use an AJAX call to get tags from my database. My setGlobalTags() works great, with my defined myTagList at the top of the function. What I want to do is set myTagList equal to the result from my AJAX. My problem is that I can neither call setGlobalTags() from inside my success or error functions, nor actually alter the original myTagList. Also, I keep on having this other issue as well. I keep this code in my Master page, and my AJAX returns 'success' on almost every page. I only (and always) get the error alert when I navigate to a page that actually contains something of id="ParentTags". I don't see why this is happening, because my $('#ParentTags').tagSuggest(); is definitely after my AJAX call. I realize that this is probably just some dumb conventions error, but I am new to this and I'm here to learn from you guys. Thanks in advance! $(function() { var myTagList = ['test', 'testMore', 'testALot']; $.ajax({ type: "POST", url: 'Admin/GetTagList', dataType: 'json', success: function(resultTags) { myTagList = resultTags; alert(myTagList[0]); setGlobalTags(myTagList); }, error: function() { alert('Error'); setGlobalTags(myTagList); } }); setGlobalTags(myTagList); $('#ParentTags').tagSuggest(); });

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