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  • Operating systems theory -- using minimum number of semaphores

    - by stackuser
    This situation is prone to deadlock of processes in an operating system and I'd like to solve it with the minimum of semaphores. Basically there are three cooperating processes that all read data from the same input device. Each process, when it gets the input device, must read two consecutive data. I want to use mutual exclusion to do this. Semaphores should be used to synchronize: P1: P2: P3: input(a1,a2) input (b1,b2) input(c1,c2) Y=a1+c1 W=b2+c2 Z=a2+b1 Print (X) X=Z-Y+W The declaration and initialization that I think would work here are: semaphore s=1 sa1 = 0, sa2 = 0, sb1 = 0, sb2 = 0, sc1 = 0, sc2 = 0 I'm sure that any kernel programmers that happen on this can knock this out in a minute or 2. Diagram of cooperating Processes and one input device: It seems like P1 and P2 would start something like: wait(s) input (a1/b1, a2/b2) signal(s)

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  • Atmospheric Scattering

    - by Lawrence Kok
    I'm trying to implement atmospheric scattering based on Sean O`Neil algorithm that was published in GPU Gems 2. But I have some trouble getting the shader to work. My latest attempts resulted in: http://img253.imageshack.us/g/scattering01.png/ I've downloaded sample code of O`Neil from: http://http.download.nvidia.com/developer/GPU_Gems_2/CD/Index.html. Made minor adjustments to the shader 'SkyFromAtmosphere' that would allow it to run in AMD RenderMonkey. In the images it is see-able a form of banding occurs, getting an blueish tone. However it is only applied to one half of the sphere, the other half is completely black. Also the banding appears to occur at Zenith instead of Horizon, and for a reason I managed to get pac-man shape. I would appreciate it if somebody could show me what I'm doing wrong. Vertex Shader: uniform mat4 matView; uniform vec4 view_position; uniform vec3 v3LightPos; const int nSamples = 3; const float fSamples = 3.0; const vec3 Wavelength = vec3(0.650,0.570,0.475); const vec3 v3InvWavelength = 1.0f / vec3( Wavelength.x * Wavelength.x * Wavelength.x * Wavelength.x, Wavelength.y * Wavelength.y * Wavelength.y * Wavelength.y, Wavelength.z * Wavelength.z * Wavelength.z * Wavelength.z); const float fInnerRadius = 10; const float fOuterRadius = fInnerRadius * 1.025; const float fInnerRadius2 = fInnerRadius * fInnerRadius; const float fOuterRadius2 = fOuterRadius * fOuterRadius; const float fScale = 1.0 / (fOuterRadius - fInnerRadius); const float fScaleDepth = 0.25; const float fScaleOverScaleDepth = fScale / fScaleDepth; const vec3 v3CameraPos = vec3(0.0, fInnerRadius * 1.015, 0.0); const float fCameraHeight = length(v3CameraPos); const float fCameraHeight2 = fCameraHeight * fCameraHeight; const float fm_ESun = 150.0; const float fm_Kr = 0.0025; const float fm_Km = 0.0010; const float fKrESun = fm_Kr * fm_ESun; const float fKmESun = fm_Km * fm_ESun; const float fKr4PI = fm_Kr * 4 * 3.141592653; const float fKm4PI = fm_Km * 4 * 3.141592653; varying vec3 v3Direction; varying vec4 c0, c1; float scale(float fCos) { float x = 1.0 - fCos; return fScaleDepth * exp(-0.00287 + x*(0.459 + x*(3.83 + x*(-6.80 + x*5.25)))); } void main( void ) { // Get the ray from the camera to the vertex, and its length (which is the far point of the ray passing through the atmosphere) vec3 v3FrontColor = vec3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0); vec3 v3Pos = normalize(gl_Vertex.xyz) * fOuterRadius; vec3 v3Ray = v3CameraPos - v3Pos; float fFar = length(v3Ray); v3Ray = normalize(v3Ray); // Calculate the ray's starting position, then calculate its scattering offset vec3 v3Start = v3CameraPos; float fHeight = length(v3Start); float fDepth = exp(fScaleOverScaleDepth * (fInnerRadius - fCameraHeight)); float fStartAngle = dot(v3Ray, v3Start) / fHeight; float fStartOffset = fDepth*scale(fStartAngle); // Initialize the scattering loop variables float fSampleLength = fFar / fSamples; float fScaledLength = fSampleLength * fScale; vec3 v3SampleRay = v3Ray * fSampleLength; vec3 v3SamplePoint = v3Start + v3SampleRay * 0.5; // Now loop through the sample rays for(int i=0; i<nSamples; i++) { float fHeight = length(v3SamplePoint); float fDepth = exp(fScaleOverScaleDepth * (fInnerRadius - fHeight)); float fLightAngle = dot(normalize(v3LightPos), v3SamplePoint) / fHeight; float fCameraAngle = dot(normalize(v3Ray), v3SamplePoint) / fHeight; float fScatter = (-fStartOffset + fDepth*( scale(fLightAngle) - scale(fCameraAngle)))/* 0.25f*/; vec3 v3Attenuate = exp(-fScatter * (v3InvWavelength * fKr4PI + fKm4PI)); v3FrontColor += v3Attenuate * (fDepth * fScaledLength); v3SamplePoint += v3SampleRay; } // Finally, scale the Mie and Rayleigh colors and set up the varying variables for the pixel shader vec4 newPos = vec4( (gl_Vertex.xyz + view_position.xyz), 1.0); gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * vec4(newPos.xyz, 1.0); gl_Position.z = gl_Position.w * 0.99999; c1 = vec4(v3FrontColor * fKmESun, 1.0); c0 = vec4(v3FrontColor * (v3InvWavelength * fKrESun), 1.0); v3Direction = v3CameraPos - v3Pos; } Fragment Shader: uniform vec3 v3LightPos; varying vec3 v3Direction; varying vec4 c0; varying vec4 c1; const float g =-0.90f; const float g2 = g * g; const float Exposure =2; void main(void){ float fCos = dot(normalize(v3LightPos), v3Direction) / length(v3Direction); float fMiePhase = 1.5 * ((1.0 - g2) / (2.0 + g2)) * (1.0 + fCos*fCos) / pow(1.0 + g2 - 2.0*g*fCos, 1.5); gl_FragColor = c0 + fMiePhase * c1; gl_FragColor.a = 1.0; }

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  • Operating systems -- using minimum number of semaphores

    - by stackuser
    The three cooperating processes all read data from the same input device. Each process, when it gets the input device, must read two consecutive data. I want to use mutual exclusion to do this. The declaration and initialization that I think would work here are: semaphore s=1 sa1 = 0, sa2 = 0, sb1 = 0, sb2 = 0, sc1 = 0, sc2 = 0 I'd like to use semaphores to synchronize the following processes: P1: P2: P3: input(a1,a2) input (b1,b2) input(c1,c2) Y=a1+c1 W=b2+c2 Z=a2+b1 Print (X) X=Z-Y+W I'm wondering how to use the minimum number of semaphores to solve this. Diagram of cooperating Processes and one input device: It seems like P1 and P2 would start something like: wait(s) input (a1/b1, a2/b2) signal(s)

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  • PCF shadow shader math causing artifacts

    - by user2971069
    For a while now I used PCSS for my shadow technique of choice until I discovered a type of percentage closer filtering. This method creates really smooth shadows and with hopes of improving performance, with only a fraction of texture samples, I tried to implement PCF into my shader. This is the relevant code: float c0, c1, c2, c3; float f = blurFactor; float2 coord = ProjectedTexCoords; if (receiverDistance - tex2D(lightSampler, coord + float2(0, 0)).x > 0.0007) c0 = 1; if (receiverDistance - tex2D(lightSampler, coord + float2(f, 0)).x > 0.0007) c1 = 1; if (receiverDistance - tex2D(lightSampler, coord + float2(0, f)).x > 0.0007) c2 = 1; if (receiverDistance - tex2D(lightSampler, coord + float2(f, f)).x > 0.0007) c3 = 1; coord = (coord % f) / f; return 1 - (c0 * (1 - coord.x) * (1 - coord.y) + c1 * coord.x * (1 - coord.y) + c2 * (1 - coord.x) * coord.y + c3 * coord.x * coord.y); This is a very basic implementation. blurFactor is initialized with 1 / LightTextureSize. So the if statements fetch the occlusion values for the four adjacent texels. I now want to weight each value based on the actual position of the texture coordinate. If it's near the bottom-right pixel, that occlusion value should be preferred. The weighting itself is done with a simple bilinear interpolation function, however this function takes a 2d vector in the range [0..1] so I have to convert my texture coordinate to get the distance from my first pixel to the second one in range [0..1]. For that I used the mod operator to get it into [0..f] range and then divided by f. This code makes sense to me, and for specific blurFactors it works, producing really smooth one pixel wide shadows, but not for all blurFactors. Initially blurFactor is (1 / LightTextureSize) to sample the 4 adjacent texels. I now want to increase the blurFactor by factor x to get a smooth interpolation across maybe 4 or so pixels. But that is when weird artifacts show up. Here is an image: Using a 1x on blurFactor produces a good result, 0.5 is as expected not so smooth. 2x however doesn't work at all. I found that only a factor of 1/2^n produces an good result, every other factor produces artifacts. I'm pretty sure the error lies here: coord = (coord % f) / f; Maybe the modulo is not calculated correctly? I have no idea how to fix that. Is it even possible for pixel that are further than 1 pixel away?

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  • Mapping Repeating Sequence Groups in BizTalk

    - by Paul Petrov
    Repeating sequence groups can often be seen in real life XML documents. It happens when certain sequence of elements repeats in the instance document. Here’s fairly abstract example of schema definition that contains sequence group: <xs:schemaxmlns:b="http://schemas.microsoft.com/BizTalk/2003"            xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"            xmlns="NS-Schema1"            targetNamespace="NS-Schema1" >  <xs:elementname="RepeatingSequenceGroups">     <xs:complexType>       <xs:sequencemaxOccurs="1"minOccurs="0">         <xs:sequencemaxOccurs="unbounded">           <xs:elementname="A"type="xs:string" />           <xs:elementname="B"type="xs:string" />           <xs:elementname="C"type="xs:string"minOccurs="0" />         </xs:sequence>       </xs:sequence>     </xs:complexType>  </xs:element> </xs:schema> And here’s corresponding XML instance document: <ns0:RepeatingSequenceGroupsxmlns:ns0="NS-Schema1">  <A>A1</A>  <B>B1</B>  <C>C1</C>  <A>A2</A>  <B>B2</B>  <A>A3</A>  <B>B3</B>  <C>C3</C> </ns0:RepeatingSequenceGroups> As you can see elements A, B, and C are children of anonymous xs:sequence element which in turn can be repeated N times. Let’s say we need do simple mapping to the schema with similar structure but with different element names: <ns0:Destinationxmlns:ns0="NS-Schema2">  <Alpha>A1</Alpha>  <Beta>B1</Beta>  <Gamma>C1</Gamma>  <Alpha>A2</Alpha>  <Beta>B2</Beta>  <Gamma>C2</Gamma> </ns0:Destination> The basic map for such typical task would look pretty straightforward: If we test this map without any modification it will produce following result: <ns0:Destinationxmlns:ns0="NS-Schema2">  <Alpha>A1</Alpha>  <Alpha>A2</Alpha>  <Alpha>A3</Alpha>  <Beta>B1</Beta>  <Beta>B2</Beta>  <Beta>B3</Beta>  <Gamma>C1</Gamma>  <Gamma>C3</Gamma> </ns0:Destination> The original order of the elements inside sequence is lost and that’s not what we want. Default behavior of the BizTalk 2009 and 2010 Map Editor is to generate compatible map with older versions that did not have ability to preserve sequence order. To enable this feature simply open map file (*.btm) in text/xml editor and find attribute PreserveSequenceOrder of the root <mapsource> element. Set its value to Yes and re-test the map: <ns0:Destinationxmlns:ns0="NS-Schema2">  <Alpha>A1</Alpha>  <Beta>B1</Beta>  <Gamma>C1</Gamma>  <Alpha>A2</Alpha>  <Beta>B2</Beta>  <Alpha>A3</Alpha>  <Beta>B3</Beta>  <Gamma>C3</Gamma> </ns0:Destination> The result is as expected – all corresponding elements are in the same order as in the source document. Under the hood it is achieved by using one common xsl:for-each statement that pulls all elements in original order (rather than using individual for-each statement per element name in default mode) and xsl:if statements to test current element in the loop:  <xsl:templatematch="/s0:RepeatingSequenceGroups">     <ns0:Destination>       <xsl:for-eachselect="A|B|C">         <xsl:iftest="local-name()='A'">           <Alpha>             <xsl:value-ofselect="./text()" />           </Alpha>         </xsl:if>         <xsl:iftest="local-name()='B'">           <Beta>             <xsl:value-ofselect="./text()" />           </Beta>         </xsl:if>         <xsl:iftest="local-name()='C'">           <Gamma>             <xsl:value-ofselect="./text()" />           </Gamma>         </xsl:if>       </xsl:for-each>     </ns0:Destination>  </xsl:template> BizTalk Map editor became smarter so learn and use this lesser known feature of XSLT 2.0 in your maps and XSL stylesheets.

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  • Using Microsoft.Office.Interop to save created file with C#

    - by Eyla
    I have the this code that will create excel file and work sheet then insert same values. The problem I'm facing that I'm not able to save the file with name giving ten colse it. I used SaveAs but did not work: wb.SaveAs(@"C:\mymytest.xlsx", missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlExclusive, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing); this line of code would give me this error: Microsoft Office Excel cannot access the file 'C:\A3195000'. There are several possible reasons: • The file name or path does not exist. • The file is being used by another program. • The workbook you are trying to save has the same name as a currently open workbook. please advice to solve this problem. here is my code: private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application xlApp = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application(); if (xlApp == null) { MessageBox.Show("EXCEL could not be started. Check that your office installation and project references are correct."); return; } xlApp.Visible = true; Workbook wb = xlApp.Workbooks.Add(XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet); Worksheet ws = (Worksheet)wb.Worksheets[1]; if (ws == null) { MessageBox.Show("Worksheet could not be created. Check that your office installation and project references are correct."); } // Select the Excel cells, in the range c1 to c7 in the worksheet. Range aRange = ws.get_Range("C1", "C7"); if (aRange == null) { MessageBox.Show("Could not get a range. Check to be sure you have the correct versions of the office DLLs."); } // Fill the cells in the C1 to C7 range of the worksheet with the number 6. Object[] args = new Object[1]; args[0] = 6; aRange.GetType().InvokeMember("Value", BindingFlags.SetProperty, null, aRange, args); // Change the cells in the C1 to C7 range of the worksheet to the number 8. aRange.Value2 = 8; // object missing = Type.Missing; // wb.SaveAs(@"C:\mymytest.xlsx", missing, missing, missing, missing, //missing, XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlExclusive, missing, missing, missing, missing, //missing); }

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  • Doubts in ada language

    - by maddy
    HI all, I am a beginner in the ada language.I have an short piece of code.Can anyone please tel me what does it mean? type Myarr_Type is array (Character) of Character; Myarr : Myarr_Type; C1 : character := character'first; C2 : character := character'last; My question is 1)What does C1 and C2 contain according to the above code? Please do excuse if this is really silly.I dont have an ada compiler to check the contents of this variable Regards Maddy

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  • Managing the layout of a Java MainFrame of Canvas3d

    - by John N
    Hi, Im trying to organise the layout of four canvas3d objects in a single MainFrame. Iv tried using some layout managers but none are working (or im doing it wrong). Can anyone give me advice or point me to a way to get this to display the four canvas's as a grid of four? Thanks, John public class Main { public static void Main(){ Window win = new Window(); } } import javax.media.j3d.BranchGroup; import javax.media.j3d.Canvas3D; import javax.media.j3d.Locale; import javax.media.j3d.PhysicalBody; import javax.media.j3d.PhysicalEnvironment; import javax.media.j3d.Transform3D; import javax.media.j3d.TransformGroup; import javax.media.j3d.View; import javax.media.j3d.ViewPlatform; import javax.media.j3d.VirtualUniverse; import javax.vecmath.Vector3f; import com.sun.j3d.utils.picking.PickCanvas; public class Universe { boolean camera = true; Canvas3D canvas1, canvas2, canvas3, canvas4; VirtualUniverse universe; Locale locale; TransformGroup vpTrans1, vpTransRight, vpTransFront, vpTransPers; TransformGroup mouseTransform = null; View view1, view2, view3, view4; BranchGroup scene; PickCanvas pickCanvas1 = null; PickCanvas pickCanvas2 = null; PickCanvas pickCanvas3 = null; PickCanvas pickCanvas4 = null; BranchGroup obj = new BranchGroup(); // Create a BranchGroup node for the view platform BranchGroup vpRoot = new BranchGroup(); //Temp vars for cam movement public Universe(Canvas3D c1, Canvas3D c2, Canvas3D c3, Canvas3D c4, BranchGroup scene) { this.canvas1 = c1; this.canvas2 = c2; this.canvas3 = c3; this.canvas4 = c4; this.scene = scene; // Establish a virtual universe that has a single // hi-res Locale universe = new VirtualUniverse(); locale = new Locale(universe); // Create a PhysicalBody and PhysicalEnvironment object PhysicalBody body = new PhysicalBody(); PhysicalEnvironment environment = new PhysicalEnvironment(); // Create a View and attach the Canvas3D and the physical // body and environment to the view. view1 = new View(); view1.addCanvas3D(c1); view1.addCanvas3D(c2); view1.addCanvas3D(c3); view1.addCanvas3D(c4); view1.setPhysicalBody(body); view1.setPhysicalEnvironment(environment); // Create a BranchGroup node for the view platform BranchGroup vpRoot = new BranchGroup(); // Create a ViewPlatform object, and its associated // TransformGroup object, and attach it to the root of the // subgraph. Attach the view to the view platform. Transform3D t = new Transform3D(); t.set(new Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f)); ViewPlatform vp = new ViewPlatform(); vpTrans1 = new TransformGroup(t); vpTrans1.addChild(vp); vpRoot.addChild(vpTrans1); vpRoot.addChild(scene); view1.attachViewPlatform(vp); // Attach the branch graph to the universe, via the // Locale. The scene graph is now live! locale.addBranchGraph(vpRoot); } } import javax.media.j3d.BranchGroup; import javax.media.j3d.Canvas3D; import javax.media.j3d.Locale; import javax.media.j3d.PhysicalBody; import javax.media.j3d.PhysicalEnvironment; import javax.media.j3d.Transform3D; import javax.media.j3d.TransformGroup; import javax.media.j3d.View; import javax.media.j3d.ViewPlatform; import javax.media.j3d.VirtualUniverse; import javax.vecmath.Vector3f; import com.sun.j3d.utils.picking.PickCanvas; public class Universe { boolean camera = true; Canvas3D canvas1, canvas2, canvas3, canvas4; VirtualUniverse universe; Locale locale; TransformGroup vpTrans1, vpTransRight, vpTransFront, vpTransPers; TransformGroup mouseTransform = null; View view1, view2, view3, view4; BranchGroup scene; PickCanvas pickCanvas1 = null; PickCanvas pickCanvas2 = null; PickCanvas pickCanvas3 = null; PickCanvas pickCanvas4 = null; BranchGroup obj = new BranchGroup(); // Create a BranchGroup node for the view platform BranchGroup vpRoot = new BranchGroup(); //Temp vars for cam movement public Universe(Canvas3D c1, Canvas3D c2, Canvas3D c3, Canvas3D c4, BranchGroup scene) { this.canvas1 = c1; this.canvas2 = c2; this.canvas3 = c3; this.canvas4 = c4; this.scene = scene; // Establish a virtual universe that has a single // hi-res Locale universe = new VirtualUniverse(); locale = new Locale(universe); // Create a PhysicalBody and PhysicalEnvironment object PhysicalBody body = new PhysicalBody(); PhysicalEnvironment environment = new PhysicalEnvironment(); // Create a View and attach the Canvas3D and the physical // body and environment to the view. view1 = new View(); view1.addCanvas3D(c1); view1.addCanvas3D(c2); view1.addCanvas3D(c3); view1.addCanvas3D(c4); view1.setPhysicalBody(body); view1.setPhysicalEnvironment(environment); // Create a BranchGroup node for the view platform BranchGroup vpRoot = new BranchGroup(); // Create a ViewPlatform object, and its associated // TransformGroup object, and attach it to the root of the // subgraph. Attach the view to the view platform. Transform3D t = new Transform3D(); t.set(new Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f)); ViewPlatform vp = new ViewPlatform(); vpTrans1 = new TransformGroup(t); vpTrans1.addChild(vp); vpRoot.addChild(vpTrans1); vpRoot.addChild(scene); view1.attachViewPlatform(vp); // Attach the branch graph to the universe, via the // Locale. The scene graph is now live! locale.addBranchGraph(vpRoot); } }

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  • Calculating CPU frequency in C with RDTSC always returns 0

    - by Nazgulled
    Hi, The following piece of code was given to us from our instructor so we could measure some algorithms performance: #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> static unsigned cyc_hi = 0, cyc_lo = 0; static void access_counter(unsigned *hi, unsigned *lo) { asm("rdtsc; movl %%edx,%0; movl %%eax,%1" : "=r" (*hi), "=r" (*lo) : /* No input */ : "%edx", "%eax"); } void start_counter() { access_counter(&cyc_hi, &cyc_lo); } double get_counter() { unsigned ncyc_hi, ncyc_lo, hi, lo, borrow; double result; access_counter(&ncyc_hi, &ncyc_lo); lo = ncyc_lo - cyc_lo; borrow = lo > ncyc_lo; hi = ncyc_hi - cyc_hi - borrow; result = (double) hi * (1 << 30) * 4 + lo; return result; } However, I need this code to be portable to machines with different CPU frequencies. For that, I'm trying to calculate the CPU frequency of the machine where the code is being run like this: int main(void) { double c1, c2; start_counter(); c1 = get_counter(); sleep(1); c2 = get_counter(); printf("CPU Frequency: %.1f MHz\n", (c2-c1)/1E6); printf("CPU Frequency: %.1f GHz\n", (c2-c1)/1E9); return 0; } The problem is that the result is always 0 and I can't understand why. I'm running Linux (Arch) as guest on VMware. On a friend's machine (MacBook) it is working to some extent; I mean, the result is bigger than 0 but it's variable because the CPU frequency is not fixed (we tried to fix it but for some reason we are not able to do it). He has a different machine which is running Linux (Ubuntu) as host and it also reports 0. This rules out the problem being on the virtual machine, which I thought it was the issue at first. Any ideas why this is happening and how can I fix it?

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  • Select distinct from multiple fields using sql

    - by Bryan
    I have 5 columns corresponding to answers in a trivia game database - right, wrong1, wrong2, wrong3, wrong4 I want to return all possible answers without duplicates. I was hoping to accomplish this without using a temp table. Is it possible to use something similar to this?: select c1, c2, count(*) from t group by c1, c2 But this returns 3 columns. I would like one column of distinct answers. Thanks for your time

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  • C/C++ packing signed char into int

    - by aaa
    hello I have need to pack four signed bytes into 32-bit integral type. this is what I came up to: int byte(char c) { return (unsigned char)c; } int pack(char c0, char c1, ...) { return byte(c0) | byte(c1) << 8 | ...; } is this a good solution? Is it portable? is there a ready-made solution, perhaps boost? Thanks

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  • Dependency injection: Scoping by region (Guice, Spring, Whatever)

    - by Itay
    Here's a simplified version of my needs. I have a program where every B object has its own C and D object, injected through Guice. In addition an A object is injected into every C and D objects. What I want: that for each B object, its C and D objects will be injected with the same A object. Specifically, I want the output of the program (below) to be: Created C0 with [A0] Created D0 with [A0] Created B0 with [C0, D0] Created C1 with [A1] Created D1 with [A1] Created B1 with [C1, D1] Where it currently produces the following output: Created C0 with [A0] Created D0 with [A1] <-- Should be A0 Created B0 with [C0, D0] Created C1 with [A2] <-- Should be A1 Created D1 with [A3] <-- Should be A1 Created B1 with [C1, D1] I am expecting DI containers to allow this kind of customization but so far I had no luck in finding a solution. Below is my Guice-based code, but a Spring-based (or other DI containers-based) solution is welcome. import java.util.Arrays; import com.google.inject.*; public class Main { public static class Super { private static Map<Class<?>,Integer> map = new HashMap<Class<?>,Integer>(); private Integer value; public Super(Object... args) { value = map.get(getClass()); value = value == null ? 0 : ++value; map.put(getClass(), value); if(args.length > 0) System.out.println("Created " + this + " with " + Arrays.toString(args)); } @Override public final String toString() { return "" + getClass().getSimpleName().charAt(0) + value; } } public interface A { } public static class AImpl extends Super implements A { } public interface B { } public static class BImpl extends Super implements B { @Inject public BImpl(C c, D d) { super(c,d); } } public interface C { } public static class CImpl extends Super implements C { @Inject public CImpl(A a) { super(a); } } public interface D { } public static class DImpl extends Super implements D { @Inject public DImpl(A a) { super(a); } } public static class MyModule extends AbstractModule { @Override protected void configure() { bind(A.class).to(AImpl.class); bind(B.class).to(BImpl.class); bind(C.class).to(CImpl.class); bind(D.class).to(DImpl.class); } } public static void main(String[] args) { Injector inj = Guice.createInjector(new MyModule()); inj.getInstance(B.class); inj.getInstance(B.class); } }

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  • bash script variable inside variable

    - by user316100
    x=1 c1=string1 c2=string2 c3=string3 echo $c1 string1 I'd like to have the output be string1 by using something like: echo $(c($x)) So later in the script I can increment the value of x and have it output string1, then string2 and string3. Can anyone point me in the right direction?

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  • How to mix two arrays in Java?

    - by roddik
    Hello. I have some String[] arrays, for example: ['a1', 'a2'] ['b1', 'b2', 'b3', 'b4'] ['c1'] How can I mix them, so that I get ['a1', 'b1', 'c1', 'a2', 'b2', 'b3', 'b4'] (0 element of a, then b, c, 1 element of a, b, c and so on)? Thanks

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  • (mySQL) Unable to query 2 tables properly for data

    - by Devner
    I have 2 tables. One is 'page_links' and the other is 'rpp'. Table page_links is the superset of table rpp. The following is the schema of my tables: -- Table structure for table `page_links` -- CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `page_links` ( `page` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `page_link` varchar(100) NOT NULL, `heading_id` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`page`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; -- -- Dumping data for table `page_links` -- INSERT INTO `page_links` (`page`, `page_link`, `heading_id`) VALUES ('a1.php', 'A1', 8), ('b1.php', 'B1', 8), ('c1.php', 'C1', 5), ('d1.php', 'D1', 5), ('e1.php', 'E1', 8), ('f1.php', 'F1', 8), ('g1.php', 'G1', 8), ('h1.php', 'H1', 1), ('i1.php', 'I1', 1), ('j1.php', 'J1', 8), ('k1.php', 'K1', 8), ('l1.php', 'L1', 8), ('m1.php', 'M1', 8), ('n1.php', 'N1', 8), ('o1.php', 'O1', 8), ('p1.php', 'P1', 4), ('q1.php', 'Q1', 5), ('r1.php', 'R1', 4); -- Table structure for table `rpp` -- CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `rpp` ( `role_id` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL, `page` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `is_allowed` tinyint(1) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`role_id`,`page`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; -- -- Dumping data for table `rpp` -- INSERT INTO `rpp` (`role_id`, `page`, `is_allowed`) VALUES (3, 'a1.php', 1), (3, 'b1.php', 1), (3, 'c1.php', 1), (3, 'd1.php', 1), (3, 'e1.php', 1), (3, 'f1.php', 1), (3, 'h1.php', 1), (3, 'i1.php', 1), (3, 'l1.php', 1), (3, 'm1.php', 1), (3, 'n1.php', 1), (4, 'a1.php', 1), (4, 'b1.php', 1), (4, 'q1.php', 1), (5, 'r1.php', 1); WHAT I AM TRYING TO DO: I am trying to query both the above tables (in a single query) in such a way that all the pages from page_links are displayed along with the is_allowed value from rpp for a particular role. For example, I want to get the is_allowed value of all the pages from rpp for role_id = 3 and at the same time, list all the available pages from page_links. A clear example of my expected result would be: page is_allowed role_id ---------------------------------------- a1.php 1 3 b1.php 1 3 c1.php 1 3 d1.php 1 3 e1.php 1 3 f1.php 1 3 g1.php NULL NULL h1.php 1 3 i1.php 1 3 j1.php NULL NULL k1.php NULL NULL l1.php 1 3 m1.php 1 3 n1.php 1 3 o1.php NULL NULL p1.php NULL NULL q1.php NULL NULL r1.php NULL NULL One more example of my desired result could be achieved by doing a LEFT JOIN rpp ON page_links.page = rpp.page but we need to omit using role_id = 3 (or any value) to be able to get that. But I do want to specify the role_id as well and get the results. I need the query to be able to get this result. I would appreciate any replies that could help me with this. If you can suggest me any changes as well to the table(s) design to be able to achieve the desired result, that's good as well. Thanks in advance.

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  • Problems with validates_inclusion_of, acts_as_tree and rspec

    - by Jens Fahnenbruck
    I have problems to get rspec running properly to test validates_inclusion_of my migration looks like this: class CreateCategories < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table :categories do |t| t.string :name t.integer :parent_id t.timestamps end end def self.down drop_table :categories end end my model looks like this: class Category < ActiveRecord::Base acts_as_tree validates_presence_of :name validates_uniqueness_of :name validates_inclusion_of :parent_id, :in => Category.all.map(&:id), :unless => Proc.new { |c| c.parent_id.blank? } end my factories: Factory.define :category do |c| c.name "Category One" end Factory.define :category_2, :class => Category do |c| c.name "Category Two" end my model spec looks like this: require 'spec_helper' describe Category do before(:each) do @valid_attributes = { :name => "Category" } end it "should create a new instance given valid attributes" do Category.create!(@valid_attributes) end it "should have a name and it shouldn't be empty" do c = Category.new :name => nil c.should be_invalid c.name = "" c.should be_invalid end it "should not create a duplicate names" do Category.create!(@valid_attributes) Category.new(@valid_attributes).should be_invalid end it "should not save with invalid parent" do parent = Factory(:category) child = Category.new @valid_attributes child.parent_id = parent.id + 100 child.should be_invalid end it "should save with valid parent" do child = Factory.build(:category_2) child.parent = Factory(:category) # FIXME: make it pass, it works on cosole, but I don't know why the test is failing child.should be_valid end end I get the following error: 'Category should save with valid parent' FAILED Expected #<Category id: nil, name: "Category Two", parent_id: 5, created_at: nil, updated_at: nil to be valid, but it was not Errors: Parent is missing On console everything seems to be fine and work as expected: c1 = Category.new :name => "Parent Category" c1.valid? #=> true c1.save #=> true c1.id #=> 1 c2 = Category.new :name => "Child Category" c2.valid? #=> true c2.parent_id = 100 c2.valid? #=> false c2.parent_id = 1 c2.valid? #=> true I'm running rails 2.3.5, rspec 1.3.0 and rspec-rails 1.3.2 Anybody, any idea?

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  • Basic data alignment question

    - by Broken Logic
    I've been playing around to see how my computer works under the hood. What I'm interested in is seeing is what happens on the stack inside a function. To do this I've written the following toy program: #include <stdio.h> void __cdecl Test1(char a, unsigned long long b, char c) { char c1; unsigned long long b1; char a1; c1 = 'b'; b1 = 4; a1 = 'r'; printf("%d %d - %d - %d %d Total: %d\n", (long)&b1 - (long)&a1, (long)&c1 - (long)&b1, (long)&a - (long)&c1, (long)&b - (long)&a, (long)&c - (long)&b, (long)&c - (long)&a1 ); }; struct TestStruct { char a; unsigned long long b; char c; }; void __cdecl Test2(char a, unsigned long long b, char c) { TestStruct locals; locals.a = 'b'; locals.b = 4; locals.c = 'r'; printf("%d %d - %d - %d %d Total: %d\n", (long)&locals.b - (long)&locals.a, (long)&locals.c - (long)&locals.b, (long)&a - (long)&locals.c, (long)&b - (long)&a, (long)&c - (long)&b, (long)&c - (long)&locals.a ); }; int main() { Test1('f', 0, 'o'); Test2('f', 0, 'o'); return 0; } And this spits out the following: 9 19 - 13 - 4 8 Total: 53 8 8 - 24 - 4 8 Total: 52 The function args are well behaved but as the calling convention is specified, I'd expect this. But the local variables are a bit wonky. My question is, why wouldn't these be the same? The second call seems to produce a more compact and better aligned stack. Looking at the ASM is unenlightening (at least to me), as the variable addresses are still aliased there. So I guess this is really a question about the assembler itself allocates the stack to local variables. I realise that any specific answer is likely to be platform specific. I'm more interested in a general explanation unless this quirk really is platform specific. For the record though, I'm compiling with VS2010 on a 64bit Intel machine.

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  • mongodb insert and return id with REST API

    - by abhi
    New to Mongodb,trying to get _id after mongodb insert without a round trip. $.ajax( { url: "https://api.mongolab.com/api/1/databases/xxx/collections/xx?apiKey=xxx", data: JSON.stringify( [ { "x" : 2,"c1" : 34,"c2" : getUrlVars()["c2"]} ] ), type: "POST", contentType: "application/json" } ); Thanks edit: Solved buy removing square bracers JSON.stringify( { "x" : 2,"c1" : 34,"c2" : getUrlVars()["c2"]} )

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  • How to merge two test into one RSpec

    - by thefonso
    Both the last two test work individually...but when both are set to run (non pending) I get problems. question: can I create a test that merges the two into one? How would this look?(yes, I am new to rspec) require_relative '../spec_helper' # the universe is vast and infinite....and...it is empty describe "tic tac toe game" do context "the game class" do before (:each) do player_h = Player.new("X") player_c = Player.new("O") @game = Game.new(player_h, player_c) end it "method drawgrid must return a 3x3 game grid" do @game.drawgrid.should eq("\na #{$thegrid[:a1]}|#{$thegrid[:a2]}|#{$thegrid[:a3]} \n----------\nb #{$thegrid[:b1]}|#{$thegrid[:b2]}|#{$thegrid[:b3]} \n----------\nc #{$thegrid[:c1]}|#{$thegrid[:c2]}|#{$thegrid[:c3]} \n----------\n 1 2 3 \n") @game.drawgrid end #FIXME - last two test here - how to merge into one? it "play method must display 3x3 game grid" do STDOUT.should_receive(:puts).and_return("\na #{$thegrid[:a1]}|#{$thegrid[:a2]}|#{$thegrid[:a3]} \n----------\nb #{$thegrid[:b1]}|#{$thegrid[:b2]}|#{$thegrid[:b3]} \n----------\nc #{$thegrid[:c1]}|#{$thegrid[:c2]}|#{$thegrid[:c3]} \n----------\n 1 2 3 \n").with("computer move") @game.play end it "play method must display 3x3 game grid" do STDOUT.should_receive(:puts).with("computer move") @game.play end end end just for info here is the code containing the play method require_relative "player" # #Just a Tic Tac Toe game class class Game #create players def initialize(player_h, player_c) #bring into existence the board and the players @player_h = player_h @player_c = player_c #value hash for the grid lives here $thegrid = { :a1=>" ", :a2=>" ", :a3=>" ", :b1=>" ", :b2=>" ", :b3=>" ", :c1=>" ", :c2=>" ", :c3=>" " } #make a global var for drawgrid which is used by external player class $gamegrid = drawgrid end #display grid on console def drawgrid board = "\n" board << "a #{$thegrid[:a1]}|#{$thegrid[:a2]}|#{$thegrid[:a3]} \n" board << "----------\n" board << "b #{$thegrid[:b1]}|#{$thegrid[:b2]}|#{$thegrid[:b3]} \n" board << "----------\n" board << "c #{$thegrid[:c1]}|#{$thegrid[:c2]}|#{$thegrid[:c3]} \n" board << "----------\n" board << " 1 2 3 \n" return board end #start the game def play #draw the board puts drawgrid #external call to player class @player = @player_c.move_computer("O") end end player_h = Player.new("X") player_c = Player.new("O") game = Game.new(player_h, player_c) game.play

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  • SQL Syntax for testing objects before creating views & functions

    - by Scott Weinstein
    I'm trying to figure out the syntax for creating a view (or function) but only if a dependent CLR assembly exits. I've tried both IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sys.assemblies WHERE name = 'MyCLRAssembly') begin create view dbo.MyView as select GETDATE() as C1 end and IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sys.assemblies WHERE name = 'MyCLRAssembly') create view dbo.MyView as select GETDATE() as C1 go Neither work. I get Msg 156, Level 15, State 1, Line 2 Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'view'. How can this be done?

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