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  • Clear data at serial port in Linux in C?

    - by ipkiss
    Hello guys, I am testing the sending and receiving programs with the code as The main() function is below: include include include include include include include "read_write.h" int fd; int initport(int fd) { struct termios options; // Get the current options for the port... tcgetattr(fd, &options); // Set the baud rates to 19200... cfsetispeed(&options, B9600); cfsetospeed(&options, B9600); // Enable the receiver and set local mode... options.c_cflag |= (CLOCAL | CREAD); options.c_cflag &= ~PARENB; options.c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB; options.c_cflag &= ~CSIZE; options.c_cflag |= CS8; // Set the new options for the port... tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &options); return 1; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { fd = open("/dev/pts/2", O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY | O_NDELAY); if (fd == -1) { perror("open_port: Unable to open /dev/pts/1 - "); return 1; } else { fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, 0); } printf("baud=%d\n", getbaud(fd)); initport(fd); printf("baud=%d\n", getbaud(fd)); char sCmd[254]; sCmd[0] = 0x41; sCmd[1] = 0x42; sCmd[2] = 0x43; sCmd[3] = 0x00; if (!writeport(fd, sCmd)) { printf("write failed\n"); close(fd); return 1; } printf("written:%s\n", sCmd); usleep(500000); char sResult[254]; fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, FNDELAY); if (!readport(fd,sResult)) { printf("read failed\n"); close(fd); return 1; } printf("readport=%s\n", sResult); close(fd); return 0; } read_write.h: #include <stdio.h> /* Standard input/output definitions */ include /* String function definitions */ include /* UNIX standard function definitions */ include /* File control definitions */ include /* Error number definitions */ include /* POSIX terminal control definitions */ int writeport(int fd, char *chars) { int len = strlen(chars); chars[len] = 0x0d; // stick a after the command chars[len+1] = 0x00; // terminate the string properly int n = write(fd, chars, strlen(chars)); if (n < 0) { fputs("write failed!\n", stderr); return 0; } return 1; } int readport(int fd, char *result) { int iIn = read(fd, result, 254); result[iIn-1] = 0x00; if (iIn < 0) { if (errno == EAGAIN) { printf("SERIAL EAGAIN ERROR\n"); return 0; } else { printf("SERIAL read error %d %s\n", errno, strerror(errno)); return 0; } } return 1; } and got the issue: In order to test with serial port, I used the socat (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/VirtualSerialPort ) to create a pair serial ports on Linux and test my program with these port. The first time the program sends the data and the program receives data is ok. However, if I read again or even re-write the new data into the serial port, the return data is always null until I stop the virtual serial port and start it again, then the write and read data is ok, but still, only one time. (In the real case, the sending part will be done by another device, I am just taking care of the reading data from the serial port. I wrote both parts just to test my reading code.) Does anyone have any ideas? Thanks a lot.

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  • initrd.lz is corrupted error occured while installing 11.10

    - by zubendra
    C:\ubuntu\install\boot\initrd.lz is corrupted. Error pop-up comes up every time i am trying to install ubuntu-11.10-desktop-i386 using wubi. error comes when the installation process is almost completed. can anyone suggest a solution for this problem. Its occurring regularly. 03-19 18:01 DEBUG TaskList: ## Running copy_installation_files... 03-19 18:01 DEBUG WindowsBackend: Copying C:\DOCUME~1\HP_OWN~1.YOU\LOCALS~1\Temp\pyl59.tmp\data\custom-installation -> C:\ubuntu\install\custom-installation 03-19 18:01 DEBUG WindowsBackend: Copying C:\DOCUME~1\HP_OWN~1.YOU\LOCALS~1\Temp\pyl59.tmp\winboot -> C:\ubuntu\winboot 03-19 18:01 DEBUG WindowsBackend: Copying C:\DOCUME~1\HP_OWN~1.YOU\LOCALS~1\Temp\pyl59.tmp\data\images\Ubuntu.ico -> C:\ubuntu\Ubuntu.ico 03-19 18:01 DEBUG TaskList: ## Finished copy_installation_files 03-19 18:01 DEBUG TaskList: ## Running get_iso... 03-19 18:01 DEBUG CommonBackend: Trying to use pre-specified ISO X:\ubuntu-11.10-desktop-i386.iso 03-19 18:01 DEBUG TaskList: New task is_valid_iso 03-19 18:01 DEBUG TaskList: ### Running is_valid_iso... 03-19 18:01 DEBUG Distro: checking Ubuntu ISO X:\ubuntu-11.10-desktop-i386.iso 03-19 18:01 INFO Distro: Found a valid iso for Ubuntu: X:\ubuntu-11.10-desktop-i386.iso 03-19 18:01 DEBUG TaskList: ### Finished is_valid_iso 03-19 18:01 DEBUG TaskList: New task check_iso 03-19 18:01 DEBUG TaskList: ### Running check_iso... 03-19 18:01 DEBUG CommonBackend: Checking X:\ubuntu-11.10-desktop-i386.iso 03-19 18:01 DEBUG Distro: checking Ubuntu ISO X:\ubuntu-11.10-desktop-i386.iso 03-19 18:01 INFO Distro: Found a valid iso for Ubuntu: X:\ubuntu-11.10-desktop-i386.iso 03-19 18:01 DEBUG CommonBackend: Using distro Ubuntu i386 instead of Ubuntu amd64 03-19 18:01 DEBUG TaskList: New task get_metalink 03-19 18:01 DEBUG TaskList: #### Running get_metalink... 03-19 18:01 DEBUG downloader: downloading http://releases.ubuntu.com/11.10/ubuntu-11.10-desktop-i386.metalink > C:\ubuntu\install 03-19 18:01 ERROR CommonBackend: Cannot download metalink file http://releases.ubuntu.com/11.10/ubuntu-11.10-desktop-i386.metalink err=[Errno 4] IOError: <urlopen error (7, 'getaddrinfo failed')> 03-19 18:01 DEBUG downloader: downloading http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/oneiric-desktop-i386.metalink > C:\ubuntu\install 03-19 18:01 ERROR CommonBackend: Cannot download metalink file2 http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/oneiric-desktop-i386.metalink err=[Errno 4] IOError: <urlopen error (7, 'getaddrinfo failed')> 03-19 18:01 DEBUG TaskList: #### Finished get_metalink 03-19 18:01 ERROR CommonBackend: ERROR: the metalink file is not available, cannot check the md5 for X:\ubuntu-11.10-desktop-i386.iso, ignoring 03-19 18:01 DEBUG TaskList: ### Finished check_iso 03-19 18:01 DEBUG TaskList: New task copy_file 03-19 18:01 DEBUG CommonBackend: Copying X:\ubuntu-11.10-desktop-i386.iso > C:\ubuntu\install\installation.iso 03-19 18:01 DEBUG TaskList: ### Running copy_file... 03-19 18:01 DEBUG TaskList: ### Finished copy_file 03-19 18:01 DEBUG TaskList: ## Finished get_iso 03-19 18:01 DEBUG TaskList: ## Running extract_kernel... 03-19 18:01 DEBUG CommonBackend: Extracting files from ISO C:\ubuntu\install\installation.iso 03-19 18:01 DEBUG WindowsBackend: extracting md5sum.txt from C:\ubuntu\install\installation.iso 03-19 18:01 DEBUG WindowsBackend: extracting casper\vmlinuz from C:\ubuntu\install\installation.iso 03-19 18:01 DEBUG WindowsBackend: extracting casper\initrd.lz from C:\ubuntu\install\installation.iso 03-19 18:01 DEBUG CommonBackend: Checking kernel, initrd and md5sums 03-19 18:01 DEBUG CommonBackend: checking C:\ubuntu\install\boot\vmlinuz 03-19 18:01 DEBUG CommonBackend: C:\ubuntu\install\boot\vmlinuz md5 = fde150f5c6fd2de66ed7876efbfcc4c7 == fde150f5c6fd2de66ed7876efbfcc4c7 03-19 18:01 DEBUG CommonBackend: checking C:\ubuntu\install\boot\initrd.lz 03-19 18:01 DEBUG CommonBackend: C:\ubuntu\install\boot\initrd.lz md5 = 8900200c764438c1b124dff5ae92c763 != d6baee1e11f1d6de6eba6bd43dbde352 03-19 18:01 ERROR TaskList: File C:\ubuntu\install\boot\initrd.lz is corrupted Traceback (most recent call last): File "\lib\wubi\backends\common\tasklist.py", line 197, in __call__ File "\lib\wubi\backends\common\backend.py", line 623, in extract_kernel Exception: File C:\ubuntu\install\boot\initrd.lz is corrupted 03-19 18:01 DEBUG TaskList: # Cancelling tasklist 03-19 18:01 ERROR root: File C:\ubuntu\install\boot\initrd.lz is corrupted Traceback (most recent call last): File "\lib\wubi\application.py", line 58, in run File "\lib\wubi\application.py", line 132, in select_task File "\lib\wubi\application.py", line 158, in run_installer File "\lib\wubi\backends\common\tasklist.py", line 197, in __call__ File "\lib\wubi\backends\common\backend.py", line 623, in extract_kernel Exception: File C:\ubuntu\install\boot\initrd.lz is corrupted 03-19 18:01 DEBUG TaskList: # Finished tasklist

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  • [Ruby] [gem] A GEM error shown during run the commend: gem update --system

    - by Alex
    I’m a freshman on Ruby and now trying to install ruby on my machine according to the Tutorial on http://wiki.openqa.org/display/WTR/Tutorial However, after I installed the ruby186-26, and run the command “gem update --system”, the following error occurred: C:\Documents and Settings\e482090\Desktopgem update --system c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/config_file.rb:51:in initialize': Inval id argument - <Not Set>/.gemrc (Errno::EINVAL) from c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/config_file.rb:51:inopen' from c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/config_file.rb:51:in initi alize' from c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/gem_runner.rb:36:innew' from c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/gem_runner.rb:36:in do_con figuration' from c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/gem_runner.rb:25:inrun' from c:/ruby/bin/gem:23 C:\Documents and Settings\e482090\Desktopgem install watir c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/config_file.rb:51:in initialize': Inval id argument - <Not Set>/.gemrc (Errno::EINVAL) from c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/config_file.rb:51:inopen' from c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/config_file.rb:51:in initi alize' from c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/gem_runner.rb:36:innew' from c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/gem_runner.rb:36:in do_con figuration' from c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/gem_runner.rb:25:inrun' from c:/ruby/bin/gem:23 Meanwhile, we have tried this on other machines and the result turned out ok. Thus, my question is why the error happened on my pc? Have you met this kind of error before?

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  • appstats broken filename in callstack

    - by Ray Yun
    When I visit appstats page and expand callstack, the file path has <path[N]> prefix. So click the file link then emit no such file or directory error. Stack: /google/appengine/datastore/datastore_rpc.py:951 make_rpc_call() /google/appengine/datastore/datastore_query.py:993 _make_query_result_rpc_call() /google/appengine/datastore/datastore_query.py:714 run_async() /google/appengine/datastore/datastore_query.py:685 run() /google/appengine/api/datastore.py:1281 GetBatcher() /google/appengine/api/datastore.py:1351 Get() /google/appengine/ext/db/init.py:1831 fetch() /google/appengine/ext/db/init.py:1778 get() /apps/fbapp/fbutil.py:232 oauth_load_fb_user() /apps/fbapp/fbutil.py:84 require_account() the error message for appengine source: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: u'/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/lib/ipaddr/google/appengine/datastore/datastore_rpc.py' the error message for my source: IOError [Errno 2] No such file or directory: u'/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/lib/antlr3/apps/fbapp/fbutil.py' I guess this was path problem and found some official comment from google. If your request handlers modify sys.path, you must make the same modifications to sys.path in appengine_config.py so the Appstats web interface can see all files. Actually I'm using appengine_django and two path was inserted to sys.path. I did it same again at appengine_django.py but also failed. Maybe some custom setting with appengine_config.py can solve this problem but doesn't figure out how to fix it. What can I do?

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  • A problem happened during install the ruby

    - by Alex
    I’m a freshman on Ruby and now trying to install ruby on my machine according to the Tutorial on http://wiki.openqa.org/display/WTR/Tutorial However, after I installed the ruby186-26, and run the command “gem update --system”, the following error occurred: C:\Documents and Settings\e482090\Desktopgem update --system c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/config_file.rb:51:in initialize': Inval id argument - <Not Set>/.gemrc (Errno::EINVAL) from c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/config_file.rb:51:inopen' from c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/config_file.rb:51:in initi alize' from c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/gem_runner.rb:36:innew' from c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/gem_runner.rb:36:in do_con figuration' from c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/gem_runner.rb:25:inrun' from c:/ruby/bin/gem:23 C:\Documents and Settings\e482090\Desktopgem install watir c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/config_file.rb:51:in initialize': Inval id argument - <Not Set>/.gemrc (Errno::EINVAL) from c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/config_file.rb:51:inopen' from c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/config_file.rb:51:in initi alize' from c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/gem_runner.rb:36:innew' from c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/gem_runner.rb:36:in do_con figuration' from c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/gem_runner.rb:25:inrun' from c:/ruby/bin/gem:23 Meanwhile, we have tried this on other machines and the result turned out ok. Thus, my question is why the error happened on my pc? Have you met this kind of error before?

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  • fsockopen soap request

    - by gosom
    I am trying to send a SOAP message to a service using php. I want to do it with fsockopen, here's is the code : <?php $fp = @fsockopen("ssl://xmlpropp.worldspan.com", 443, $errno, $errstr); if (!is_resource($fp)) { die('fsockopen call failed with error number ' . $errno . '.' . $errstr); } $soap_out = "POST /xmlts HTTP/1.1\r\n"; $soap_out .= "Host: 212.127.18.11:8800\r\n"; //$soap_out .= "User-Agent: MySOAPisOKGuys \r\n"; $soap_out .= "Content-Type: text/xml; charset='utf-8'\r\n"; $soap_out .= "Content-Length: 999\r\n\r\n"; $soap_put .= "Connection: close\r\n"; $soap_out .= "SOAPAction:\r\n"; $soap_out .= ' Worldspan This is a test '; if(!fputs($fp, $soap_out, strlen($soap_out))) echo "could not write"; echo "<xmp>".$soap_out."</xmp>"; echo "--------------------<br>"; while (!feof($fp)) { $soap_in .= fgets($fp, 100); } echo "<xmp>$soap_in</xmp>"; fclose($fp); echo "ok"; the above code just hangs . if i remove the while it types ok, so i suppose the problem is at $soap_in .= fgets($fp, 100) Any ideas of what is happening

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  • Locking semaphores in C problem sys/sem

    - by Vojtech R.
    Hi, I have problem with my functions. Sometimes two processes enter into critical section. I can't find problem in this after I spent 10 hours by debugging. On what I should aim? // lock semaphore static int P(int sem_id) { struct sembuf sem_b; sem_b.sem_num = 0; sem_b.sem_op = -1; /* P() */ sem_b.sem_flg = 0; if (semop(sem_id, &sem_b, 1) == -1) { print_error("semop in P", errno); return(0); } return(1); } // unlock semaphore static int V(int sem_id) { struct sembuf sem_b[1]; sem_b.sem_num = 0; sem_b.sem_op = 1; /* V() */ sem_b.sem_flg = 0; if (semop(sem_id, &sem_b, 1) == -1) { print_error("semop in V", errno); return(0); } return(1); } The action loop: int mutex; if ((mutex=semget(key, 1, 0666))>=0) { // semaphore exists } while(1) { P(mutex); assert(get_val(mutex)==0); (*action)++; V(mutex); } Many thanks

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  • Problem with python urllib

    - by mudder
    I'm getting an error when ever I try to pull down a web page with urllib.urlopen. I've disabled windows firewall and my AV so its not that. I can access the pages in my browser. I even reinstalled python to rule out it being a broken urllib. Any help would be greatly appreciated. >>> import urllib >>> h = urllib.urlopen("http://www.google.com").read() Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#1>", line 1, in <module> h = urllib.urlopen("http://www.google.com").read() File "C:\Python26\lib\urllib.py", line 86, in urlopen return opener.open(url) File "C:\Python26\lib\urllib.py", line 205, in open return getattr(self, name)(url) File "C:\Python26\lib\urllib.py", line 344, in open_http h.endheaders() File "C:\Python26\lib\httplib.py", line 904, in endheaders self._send_output() File "C:\Python26\lib\httplib.py", line 776, in _send_output self.send(msg) File "C:\Python26\lib\httplib.py", line 735, in send self.connect() File "C:\Python26\lib\httplib.py", line 716, in connect self.timeout) File "C:\Python26\lib\socket.py", line 514, in create_connection raise error, msg IOError: [Errno socket error] [Errno 10061] No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it >>>

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  • mprotect - how aligning to multiple of pagesize works?

    - by user299988
    Hi, I am not understanding the 'aligning allocated memory' part from the mprotect usage. I am referring to the code example given on http://linux.die.net/man/2/mprotect char *p; char c; /* Allocate a buffer; it will have the default protection of PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE. */ p = malloc(1024+PAGESIZE-1); if (!p) { perror("Couldn't malloc(1024)"); exit(errno); } /* Align to a multiple of PAGESIZE, assumed to be a power of two */ p = (char *)(((int) p + PAGESIZE-1) & ~(PAGESIZE-1)); c = p[666]; /* Read; ok */ p[666] = 42; /* Write; ok */ /* Mark the buffer read-only. */ if (mprotect(p, 1024, PROT_READ)) { perror("Couldn't mprotect"); exit(errno); } For my understanding, I tried using a PAGESIZE of 16, and 0010 as address of p. I ended up getting 0001 as the result of (((int) p + PAGESIZE-1) & ~(PAGESIZE-1)). Could you please clarify how this whole 'alignment' works? Thanks,

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  • how can exec change the behavior of exec'ed program

    - by R Samuel Klatchko
    I am trying to track down a very odd crash. What is so odd about it is a workaround that someone discovered and which I cannot explain. The workaround is this small program which I'll refer to as 'runner': #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <string.h> #include <errno.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { if (argc == 1) { fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s prog [args ...]\n", argv[0]); return 1; } execvp(argv[1], argv + 1); fprintf(stderr, "execv failed: %s\n", strerror(errno)); // If exec returns because the program is not found or we // don't have the appropriate permission return 255; } As you can see, all this program does is use execvp to replace itself with a different program. The program crashes when it is directly invoked from the command line: /path/to/prog args # this crashes but works fine when it is indirectly invoked via my runner shim: /path/to/runner /path/to/prog args # works successfully For the life of me, I can figure out how having an extra exec can change the behavior of the program being run (as you can see the program does not change the environment). Some background on the crash. The crash itself is happening in the C++ runtime. Specifically, when the program does a throw, the crashing version incorrectly thinks there is no matching catch (although there is) and calls terminate. When I invoke the program via runner, the exception is properly caught. My question is any idea why the extra exec changes the behavior of the exec'ed program?

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  • Why would fopen fail to open a file that exists?

    - by void
    I'm on Windows XP using Visual Studio 6 (yes I know it's old) building/maintaining a C++ DLL. I'm encountered a problem with fopen failing to open an existing file, it always returns NULL. I've tried: Checking errno and _doserrno by setting both to zero and then checking them again, both remain zero, and thus GetLastError() reports no errors. I know fopen isn't required to set errno when it encounters an error according to a C standard. Hardcoding the file path, which are not relative. Tried on another developers machine which the same result. The really strange thing is CreateFile works and the file can be read with ReadFile. We believe this works in a release build, however we are also seeing some very odd behaviour in other areas of the application and we're not sure if this is related. The code is below, I don't see anything odd it looks quite standard to me. The source file hasn't changed for just under half a year. HRESULT CDataHandler::LoadFile( CStdString szFilePath ) { //Code FILE* pFile; if ( NULL == ( pFile = fopen( szFilePath.c_str(), "rb") ) ) { return S_FALSE; } //More code }

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  • Running migration on server when deploying with capistrano

    - by Pandafox
    Hi, I'm trying to deploy my rails application with capistrano, but I'm having some trouble running my migrations. In my development environment I just use sqlite as my database, but on my production server I use MySQL. The problem is that I want the migrations to run from my server and not my local machine, as I am not able to connect to my database from a remote location. My server setup: A debian box running ngnix, passenger, mysql and a git repository. What is the easiest way to do this? update: Here's my deploy script: set :application, "example.com" set :domain, "example.com" set :scm, :git set :repository, "[email protected]:project.git" set :use_sudo, false set :deploy_to, "/var/www/example.com" role :web, domain role :app, domain role :db, "localhost", :primary = true after "deploy", "deploy:migrate" When I run cap deploy, everything is working fine until it tries to run the migration. Here's the error I'm getting: ** [deploy:update_code] exception while rolling back: Capistrano::ConnectionError, connection failed for: localhost (Errno::ECONNREFUSED: Connection refused - connect(2)) connection failed for: localhost (Errno::ECONNREFUSED: Connection refused - connect(2))) This is why I need to run the migration from the server and not from my local machine. Any ideas?

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  • Windows-1251 file inside UTF-8 site?

    - by Spoonk
    Hello everyone Masters Of Web Delevopment :) I have a piece of PHP script that fetches last 10 played songs from my winamp. This script is inside file (lets call it "lastplayed.php") which is included in my site with php include function inside a "div". My site is on UTF-8 encoding. The problem is that some songs titles are in Windows-1251 encoding. And in my site they displays like "??????"... Is there any known way to tell to this div with included "lastplayed.php" in it, to be with windows-1251 encoding? Or any other suggestions? P.S: The file with fetching script a.k.a. "lastplayed.php", is converted to UTF-8. But if it is ANCII it's the same result. I try to put and meta tag with windows-1251 between head tag but nothing happens again. P.P.S: Script that fetches the Winamp's data (lastplayed.php): <?php /****** * You may use and/or modify this script as long as you: * 1. Keep my name & webpage mentioned * 2. Don't use it for commercial purposes * * If you want to use this script without complying to the rules above, please contact me first at: [email protected] * * Author: Martijn Korse * Website: http://devshed.excudo.net * * Date: 08-05-2006 ***/ /** * version 2.0 */ class Radio { var $fields = array(); var $fieldsDefaults = array("Server Status", "Stream Status", "Listener Peak", "Average Listen Time", "Stream Title", "Content Type", "Stream Genre", "Stream URL", "Current Song"); var $very_first_str; var $domain, $port, $path; var $errno, $errstr; var $trackLists = array(); var $isShoutcast; var $nonShoutcastData = array( "Server Status" => "n/a", "Stream Status" => "n/a", "Listener Peak" => "n/a", "Average Listen Time" => "n/a", "Stream Title" => "n/a", "Content Type" => "n/a", "Stream Genre" => "n/a", "Stream URL" => "n/a", "Stream AIM" => "n/a", "Stream IRC" => "n/a", "Current Song" => "n/a" ); var $altServer = False; function Radio($url) { $parsed_url = parse_url($url); $this->domain = isset($parsed_url['host']) ? $parsed_url['host'] : ""; $this->port = !isset($parsed_url['port']) || empty($parsed_url['port']) ? "80" : $parsed_url['port']; $this->path = empty($parsed_url['path']) ? "/" : $parsed_url['path']; if (empty($this->domain)) { $this->domain = $this->path; $this->path = ""; } $this->setOffset("Current Stream Information"); $this->setFields(); // setting default fields $this->setTableStart("<table border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=2>"); $this->setTableEnd("</table>"); } function setFields($array=False) { if (!$array) $this->fields = $this->fieldsDefaults; else $this->fields = $array; } function setOffset($string) { $this->very_first_str = $string; } function setTableStart($string) { $this->tableStart = $string; } function setTableEnd($string) { $this->tableEnd = $string; } function getHTML($page=False) { if (!$page) $page = $this->path; $contents = ""; $domain = (substr($this->domain, 0, 7) == "http://") ? substr($this->domain, 7) : $this->domain; if (@$fp = fsockopen($domain, $this->port, $this->errno, $this->errstr, 2)) { fputs($fp, "GET ".$page." HTTP/1.1\r\n". "User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows 98)\r\n". "Accept: */*\r\n". "Host: ".$domain."\r\n\r\n"); $c = 0; while (!feof($fp) && $c <= 20) { $contents .= fgets($fp, 4096); $c++; } fclose ($fp); preg_match("/(Content-Type:)(.*)/i", $contents, $matches); if (count($matches) > 0) { $contentType = trim($matches[2]); if ($contentType == "text/html") { $this->isShoutcast = True; return $contents; } else { $this->isShoutcast = False; $htmlContent = substr($contents, 0, strpos($contents, "\r\n\r\n")); $dataStr = str_replace("\r", "\n", str_replace("\r\n", "\n", $contents)); $lines = explode("\n", $dataStr); foreach ($lines AS $line) { if ($dp = strpos($line, ":")) { $key = substr($line, 0, $dp); $value = trim(substr($line, ($dp+1))); if (preg_match("/genre/i", $key)) $this->nonShoutcastData['Stream Genre'] = $value; if (preg_match("/name/i", $key)) $this->nonShoutcastData['Stream Title'] = $value; if (preg_match("/url/i", $key)) $this->nonShoutcastData['Stream URL'] = $value; if (preg_match("/content-type/i", $key)) $this->nonShoutcastData['Content Type'] = $value; if (preg_match("/icy-br/i", $key)) $this->nonShoutcastData['Stream Status'] = "Stream is up at ".$value."kbps"; if (preg_match("/icy-notice2/i", $key)) { $this->nonShoutcastData['Server Status'] = "This is <span style=\"color: red;\">not</span> a Shoutcast server!"; if (preg_match("/ultravox/i", $value)) $this->nonShoutcastData['Server Status'] .= " But an <a href=\"http://ultravox.aol.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Ultravox</a> Server"; $this->altServer = $value; } } } return nl2br($htmlContent); } } else return $contents; } else { return False; } } function getServerInfo($display_array=null, $very_first_str=null) { if (!isset($display_array)) $display_array = $this->fields; if (!isset($very_first_str)) $very_first_str = $this->very_first_str; if ($html = $this->getHTML()) { // parsing the contents $data = array(); foreach ($display_array AS $key => $item) { if ($this->isShoutcast) { $very_first_pos = stripos($html, $very_first_str); $first_pos = stripos($html, $item, $very_first_pos); $line_start = strpos($html, "<td>", $first_pos); $line_end = strpos($html, "</td>", $line_start) + 4; $difference = $line_end - $line_start; $line = substr($html, $line_start, $difference); $data[$key] = strip_tags($line); } else { $data[$key] = $this->nonShoutcastData[$item]; } } return $data; } else { return $this->errstr." (".$this->errno.")"; } } function createHistoryArray($page) { if (!in_array($page, $this->trackLists)) { $this->trackLists[] = $page; if ($html = $this->getHTML($page)) { $fromPos = stripos($html, $this->tableStart); $toPos = stripos($html, $this->tableEnd, $fromPos); $tableData = substr($html, $fromPos, ($toPos-$fromPos)); $lines = explode("</tr><tr>", $tableData); $tracks = array(); $c = 0; foreach ($lines AS $line) { $info = explode ("</td><td>", $line); $time = trim(strip_tags($info[0])); if (substr($time, 0, 9) != "Copyright" && !preg_match("/Tag Loomis, Tom Pepper and Justin Frankel/i", $info[1])) { $this->tracks[$c]['time'] = $time; $this->tracks[$c++]['track'] = trim(strip_tags($info[1])); } } if (count($this->tracks) > 0) { unset($this->tracks[0]); if (isset($this->tracks[1])) $this->tracks[1]['track'] = str_replace("Current Song", "", $this->tracks[1]['track']); } } else { $this->tracks[0] = array("time"=>$this->errno, "track"=>$this->errstr); } } } function getHistoryArray($page="/played.html") { if (!in_array($page, $this->trackLists)) $this->createHistoryArray($page); return $this->tracks; } function getHistoryTable($page="/played.html", $trackColText=False, $class=False) { $title_utf8 = mb_convert_encoding($trackArr ,"utf-8" ,"auto"); if (!in_array($page, $this->trackLists)) $this->createHistoryArray($page); if ($trackColText) $output .= " <div class='lastplayed_top'></div> <div".($class ? " class=\"".$class."\"" : "").">"; foreach ($this->tracks AS $title_utf8) $output .= "<div style='padding:2px 0;'>".$title_utf8['track']."</div>"; $output .= "</div><div class='lastplayed_bottom'></div> <div class='lastplayed_title'>".$trackColText."</div> \n"; return $output; } } // this is needed for those with a php version < 5 // the function is copied from the user comments @ php.net (http://nl3.php.net/stripos) if (!function_exists("stripos")) { function stripos($haystack, $needle, $offset=0) { return strpos(strtoupper($haystack), strtoupper($needle), $offset); } } ?> And the calling script outside the lastplayed.php: include "lastplayed.php"; $radio = new Radio($ip.":".$port); echo $radio->getHistoryTable("/played.html", "<b>Last played:</b>", "lastplayed_content");

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  • How to establish a socket connection from iPhone to a Apache server and communicate via PHP?

    - by candoyo
    Hi, I am working on an iPhone game which is depended on a LAMP server. I want to create a "event" based system where the apache server sends an event to the iphone. For this, I am thinking of using "CFStreamCreatePairWithSocketToHost" to connect to port 80 of the apache server. I am able to successfully connect to the server and open a read and write stream via the iPhone, but I am not sure how to send data to the iphone using PHP running from the LAMP server to the iPhone. I think I can use fsockopen in php to open a socket connection and write data to that socket. I tired running this code $fp = fsockopen("tcp://localhost", 80, $errno, $errstr); if (!$fp) { echo "ERROR: $errno - $errstr<br />\n"; } else { echo"writing to socket "; fwrite($fp, "wwqeqweqw eqwe qwe \n"); //echo fread($fp, 26); fclose($fp); echo "done"; } But, I dont see anything being read on the iphone.. Any idea what's going on, or how to accomplish this? Thanks!

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  • socket timeout and remove O_NONBLOCK option

    - by juxstapose
    Hello, I implemented a socket timeout and retry but in order to do it I had to set the socket as a non-blocking socket. However, I need the socket to block. This was my attempt at a solution to these two problems. This is not working. Subsequent send calls block but never send any data. When I connect without the select and the timeout, subsequent send calls work normally. References: C: socket connection timeout How to reset a socket back to blocking mode (after I set it to nonblocking mode)? Code: fd_set fdset; struct timeval tv; fcntl(dsock, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK); tv.tv_sec = theDeviceTimeout; tv.tv_usec = 0; int retries=0; logi(theLogOutput, LOG_INFO, "connecting to device socket num retrys: %i", theDeviceRetry); for(retries=0;retries<theDeviceRetry;retries++) { connect(dsock, (struct sockaddr *)&daddr, sizeof daddr); FD_ZERO(&fdset); FD_SET(dsock, &fdset); if (select(dsock + 1, NULL, &fdset, NULL, &tv) == 1) { int so_error; socklen_t slen = sizeof so_error; getsockopt(dsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, &so_error, &slen); if (so_error == 0) { logi(theLogOutput, LOG_INFO, "connected to socket on port %i on %s", theDevicePort, theDeviceIP); break; } else { logi(theLogOutput, LOG_WARN, "connect to %i failed on ip %s because %s retries %i", theDevicePort, theDeviceIP, strerror(errno), retries); logi(theLogOutput, LOG_WARN, "failed to connect to device %s", strerror(errno)); logi(theLogOutput, LOG_WARN, "error: %i %s", so_error, strerror(so_error)); continue; } } } int opts; opts = fcntl(dsock,F_GETFL); logi(theLogOutput, LOG_DEBUG, "clearing nonblock option %i retries %i", opts, retries); opts ^= O_NONBLOCK; fcntl(dsock, F_SETFL, opts);

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  • C: incompatible types in assignment

    - by The.Anti.9
    I'm writing a program to check to see if a port is open in C. One line in particular copies one of the arguments to a char array. However, when I try to compile, it says: error: incompatible types in assignment Heres the code. The error is on the assignment of addr #include <sys/socket.h> #include <sys/time.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <errno.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <netdb.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <unistd.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { u_short port; /* user specified port number */ char addr[1023]; /* will be a copy of the address entered by u */ struct sockaddr_in address; /* the libc network address data structure */ short int sock = -1; /* file descriptor for the network socket */ port = atoi(argv[1]); addr = strncpy(addr, argv[2], 1023); bzero((char *)&address, sizeof(address)); /* init addr struct */ address.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(addr); /* assign the address */ address.sin_port = htons(port); /* translate int2port num */ sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); if (connect(sock,(struct sockaddr *)&address,sizeof(address)) == 0) { printf("%i is open\n", port); } if (errno == 113) { fprintf(stderr, "Port not open!\n"); } close(sock); return 0; } I'm new to C, so I'm not sure why it would do this.

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  • Specify More "case" in switch parameters

    - by Sophie Mackeral
    I have the following code: $ErrorType = null; switch ($ErrNo){ case 256,1: $ErrorType = "Error"; break; case 512,2: $ErrorType = "Warning"; break; case 1024,8: $ErrorType = "Notice"; break; case 2048: $ErrorType = "Strict Warning"; break; case 8192: $ErrorType = "Depreciated"; break; } But the problem is, I'm going from the pre-defined constants for an error handling software solution.. I cannot specify more than one "case" for the dedicated error categories, example: switch ($ErrNo){ case 1: $ErrorType = "Error"; break; case 256: $ErrorType = "Error"; } That's a repeat of code.. Whereas with a solution like my first example, it would be beneficial as two integers fall under the same category.. Instead, i'm returned with the following: Parse error: syntax error, unexpected ',' in Action_Error.php on line 37

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  • Garbage data from serial port.

    - by sasayins
    Hi I wrote a code in Linux platform that read the data in serial port, my code below: int fd; char *rbuff=NULL; struct termios new_opt, old_opt; int ret; fd = open("/dev/ttyS0", O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY); if( fd == -1 ) { printf("Can't open file: %s\n", strerror(errno)); return -1; } tcgetattr(fd, &old_opt); new_opt.c_cflag = B115200 | CS8 | CLOCAL | CREAD; new_opt.c_iflag = IGNPAR /*| ICRNL*/; new_opt.c_oflag = 0; new_opt.c_lflag = ICANON; tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &new_opt); rbuff = malloc(NBUFF); printf("reading..\n"); memset(rbuff,0x00,NBUFF); ret = read(fd, rbuff, NBUFF); printf("value:%s",rbuff); if(ret == -1) { printf("Read error:%s\n",strerror(errno)); return -1; } tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &old_opt); close(fd); My problem is the code above doesn't read the first data that was transmitted, then the second transmission the data is garbage, then the third is the normal data. Did I missed a setting in the serial port? Thanks.

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  • Checking if a file is a directory or just a file.

    - by Jookia
    I'm writing a program to check if something is a file or is a directory. Is there a better way to do it than this? #include <stdio.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <dirent.h> #include <errno.h> int isFile(const char* name) { DIR* directory = opendir(name); if(directory != NULL) { closedir(directory); return 0; } if(errno == ENOTDIR) { return 1; } return -1; } int main(void) { const char* file = "./testFile"; const char* directory = "./"; printf("Is %s a file? %s.\n", file, ((isFile(file) == 1) ? "Yes" : "No")); printf("Is %s a directory? %s.\n", directory, ((isFile(directory) == 0) ? "Yes" : "No")); return 0; }

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  • PHP Infine Loope Problem

    - by Ashwin
    function httpGet( $url, $followRedirects=true ) { global $final_url; $url_parsed = parse_url($url); if ( empty($url_parsed['scheme']) ) { $url_parsed = parse_url('http://'.$url); } $final_url = $url_parsed; $port = $url_parsed["port"]; if ( !$port ) { $port = 80; } $rtn['url']['port'] = $port; $path = $url_parsed["path"]; if ( empty($path) ) { $path="/"; } if ( !empty($url_parsed["query"]) ) { $path .= "?".$url_parsed["query"]; } $rtn['url']['path'] = $path; $host = $url_parsed["host"]; $foundBody = false; $out = "GET $path HTTP/1.0\r\n"; $out .= "Host: $host\r\n"; $out .= "User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1) Gecko/20061010 Firefox/2.0\r\n"; $out .= "Connection: Close\r\n\r\n"; if ( !$fp = @fsockopen($host, $port, $errno, $errstr, 30) ) { $rtn['errornumber'] = $errno; $rtn['errorstring'] = $errstr; } fwrite($fp, $out); while (!@feof($fp)) { $s = @fgets($fp, 128); if ( $s == "\r\n" ) { $foundBody = true; continue; } if ( $foundBody ) { $body .= $s; } else { if ( ($followRedirects) && (stristr($s, "location:") != false) ) { $redirect = preg_replace("/location:/i", "", $s); return httpGet( trim($redirect) ); } $header .= $s; } } fclose($fp); return(trim($body)); } This code sometimes go infinite loop. What's wrong here?

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  • Using the read function to read in a file.

    - by robUK
    Hello, gcc 4.4.1 I am using the read function to read in a wave file. However, when it gets to the read function. Execution seems to stop and freezes. I am wondering if I am doing anything wrong with this. The file size test-short.wave is: 514K. What I am aiming for is to read the file into the memory buffer chunks at a time. Currently I just testing this. Many thanks for any suggestions, #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <errno.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <string.h> #include <unistd.h> int main(void) { char buff = malloc(10240); int32_t fd = 0; int32_t bytes_read = 0; char *filename = "test-short.wav"; /* open wave file */ if((fd = (open(filename, O_RDWR)) == -1)) { fprintf(stderr, "open [ %s ]\n", strerror(errno)); return 1; } printf("Opened file [ %s ]\n", filename); printf("sizeof(buff) [ %d ]\n", sizeof(buff)); printf("strlen(buff) [ %d ]\n", strlen(buff)); bytes_read = read(fd, buff, sizeof(buff)); printf("Bytes read [ %d ]\n", bytes_read); return 0; }

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  • PHP Infine Loop Problem

    - by Ashwin
    function httpGet( $url, $followRedirects=true ) { global $final_url; $url_parsed = parse_url($url); if ( empty($url_parsed['scheme']) ) { $url_parsed = parse_url('http://'.$url); } $final_url = $url_parsed; $port = $url_parsed["port"]; if ( !$port ) { $port = 80; } $rtn['url']['port'] = $port; $path = $url_parsed["path"]; if ( empty($path) ) { $path="/"; } if ( !empty($url_parsed["query"]) ) { $path .= "?".$url_parsed["query"]; } $rtn['url']['path'] = $path; $host = $url_parsed["host"]; $foundBody = false; $out = "GET $path HTTP/1.0\r\n"; $out .= "Host: $host\r\n"; $out .= "User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1) Gecko/20061010 Firefox/2.0\r\n"; $out .= "Connection: Close\r\n\r\n"; if ( !$fp = @fsockopen($host, $port, $errno, $errstr, 30) ) { $rtn['errornumber'] = $errno; $rtn['errorstring'] = $errstr; } fwrite($fp, $out); while (!@feof($fp)) { $s = @fgets($fp, 128); if ( $s == "\r\n" ) { $foundBody = true; continue; } if ( $foundBody ) { $body .= $s; } else { if ( ($followRedirects) && (stristr($s, "location:") != false) ) { $redirect = preg_replace("/location:/i", "", $s); return httpGet( trim($redirect) ); } $header .= $s; } } fclose($fp); return(trim($body)); } This code sometimes go infinite loop. What's wrong here?

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  • Why should main() be short?

    - by Stargazer712
    I've been programming for over 9 years, and according to the advice of my first programming teacher, I always keep my main() function extremely short. At first I had no idea why. I just obeyed without understanding, much to the delight of my professors. After gaining experience, I realized that if I designed my code correctly, having a short main() function just sortof happened. Writing modularized code and following the single responsibility principle allowed my code to be designed in "bunches", and main() served as nothing more than a catalyst to get the program running. Fast forward to a few weeks ago, I was looking at Python's souce code, and I found the main() function: /* Minimal main program -- everything is loaded from the library */ ... int main(int argc, char **argv) { ... return Py_Main(argc, argv); } Yay Python. Short main() function == Good code. Programming teachers were right. Wanting to look deeper, I took a look at Py_Main. In its entirety, it is defined as follows: /* Main program */ int Py_Main(int argc, char **argv) { int c; int sts; char *command = NULL; char *filename = NULL; char *module = NULL; FILE *fp = stdin; char *p; int unbuffered = 0; int skipfirstline = 0; int stdin_is_interactive = 0; int help = 0; int version = 0; int saw_unbuffered_flag = 0; PyCompilerFlags cf; cf.cf_flags = 0; orig_argc = argc; /* For Py_GetArgcArgv() */ orig_argv = argv; #ifdef RISCOS Py_RISCOSWimpFlag = 0; #endif PySys_ResetWarnOptions(); while ((c = _PyOS_GetOpt(argc, argv, PROGRAM_OPTS)) != EOF) { if (c == 'c') { /* -c is the last option; following arguments that look like options are left for the command to interpret. */ command = (char *)malloc(strlen(_PyOS_optarg) + 2); if (command == NULL) Py_FatalError( "not enough memory to copy -c argument"); strcpy(command, _PyOS_optarg); strcat(command, "\n"); break; } if (c == 'm') { /* -m is the last option; following arguments that look like options are left for the module to interpret. */ module = (char *)malloc(strlen(_PyOS_optarg) + 2); if (module == NULL) Py_FatalError( "not enough memory to copy -m argument"); strcpy(module, _PyOS_optarg); break; } switch (c) { case 'b': Py_BytesWarningFlag++; break; case 'd': Py_DebugFlag++; break; case '3': Py_Py3kWarningFlag++; if (!Py_DivisionWarningFlag) Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 1; break; case 'Q': if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "old") == 0) { Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 0; break; } if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "warn") == 0) { Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 1; break; } if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "warnall") == 0) { Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 2; break; } if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "new") == 0) { /* This only affects __main__ */ cf.cf_flags |= CO_FUTURE_DIVISION; /* And this tells the eval loop to treat BINARY_DIVIDE as BINARY_TRUE_DIVIDE */ _Py_QnewFlag = 1; break; } fprintf(stderr, "-Q option should be `-Qold', " "`-Qwarn', `-Qwarnall', or `-Qnew' only\n"); return usage(2, argv[0]); /* NOTREACHED */ case 'i': Py_InspectFlag++; Py_InteractiveFlag++; break; /* case 'J': reserved for Jython */ case 'O': Py_OptimizeFlag++; break; case 'B': Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag++; break; case 's': Py_NoUserSiteDirectory++; break; case 'S': Py_NoSiteFlag++; break; case 'E': Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag++; break; case 't': Py_TabcheckFlag++; break; case 'u': unbuffered++; saw_unbuffered_flag = 1; break; case 'v': Py_VerboseFlag++; break; #ifdef RISCOS case 'w': Py_RISCOSWimpFlag = 1; break; #endif case 'x': skipfirstline = 1; break; /* case 'X': reserved for implementation-specific arguments */ case 'U': Py_UnicodeFlag++; break; case 'h': case '?': help++; break; case 'V': version++; break; case 'W': PySys_AddWarnOption(_PyOS_optarg); break; /* This space reserved for other options */ default: return usage(2, argv[0]); /*NOTREACHED*/ } } if (help) return usage(0, argv[0]); if (version) { fprintf(stderr, "Python %s\n", PY_VERSION); return 0; } if (Py_Py3kWarningFlag && !Py_TabcheckFlag) /* -3 implies -t (but not -tt) */ Py_TabcheckFlag = 1; if (!Py_InspectFlag && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONINSPECT")) && *p != '\0') Py_InspectFlag = 1; if (!saw_unbuffered_flag && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONUNBUFFERED")) && *p != '\0') unbuffered = 1; if (!Py_NoUserSiteDirectory && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONNOUSERSITE")) && *p != '\0') Py_NoUserSiteDirectory = 1; if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONWARNINGS")) && *p != '\0') { char *buf, *warning; buf = (char *)malloc(strlen(p) + 1); if (buf == NULL) Py_FatalError( "not enough memory to copy PYTHONWARNINGS"); strcpy(buf, p); for (warning = strtok(buf, ","); warning != NULL; warning = strtok(NULL, ",")) PySys_AddWarnOption(warning); free(buf); } if (command == NULL && module == NULL && _PyOS_optind < argc && strcmp(argv[_PyOS_optind], "-") != 0) { #ifdef __VMS filename = decc$translate_vms(argv[_PyOS_optind]); if (filename == (char *)0 || filename == (char *)-1) filename = argv[_PyOS_optind]; #else filename = argv[_PyOS_optind]; #endif } stdin_is_interactive = Py_FdIsInteractive(stdin, (char *)0); if (unbuffered) { #if defined(MS_WINDOWS) || defined(__CYGWIN__) _setmode(fileno(stdin), O_BINARY); _setmode(fileno(stdout), O_BINARY); #endif #ifdef HAVE_SETVBUF setvbuf(stdin, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); setvbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); setvbuf(stderr, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); #else /* !HAVE_SETVBUF */ setbuf(stdin, (char *)NULL); setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL); setbuf(stderr, (char *)NULL); #endif /* !HAVE_SETVBUF */ } else if (Py_InteractiveFlag) { #ifdef MS_WINDOWS /* Doesn't have to have line-buffered -- use unbuffered */ /* Any set[v]buf(stdin, ...) screws up Tkinter :-( */ setvbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); #else /* !MS_WINDOWS */ #ifdef HAVE_SETVBUF setvbuf(stdin, (char *)NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ); setvbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ); #endif /* HAVE_SETVBUF */ #endif /* !MS_WINDOWS */ /* Leave stderr alone - it should be unbuffered anyway. */ } #ifdef __VMS else { setvbuf (stdout, (char *)NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ); } #endif /* __VMS */ #ifdef __APPLE__ /* On MacOS X, when the Python interpreter is embedded in an application bundle, it gets executed by a bootstrapping script that does os.execve() with an argv[0] that's different from the actual Python executable. This is needed to keep the Finder happy, or rather, to work around Apple's overly strict requirements of the process name. However, we still need a usable sys.executable, so the actual executable path is passed in an environment variable. See Lib/plat-mac/bundlebuiler.py for details about the bootstrap script. */ if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONEXECUTABLE")) && *p != '\0') Py_SetProgramName(p); else Py_SetProgramName(argv[0]); #else Py_SetProgramName(argv[0]); #endif Py_Initialize(); if (Py_VerboseFlag || (command == NULL && filename == NULL && module == NULL && stdin_is_interactive)) { fprintf(stderr, "Python %s on %s\n", Py_GetVersion(), Py_GetPlatform()); if (!Py_NoSiteFlag) fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", COPYRIGHT); } if (command != NULL) { /* Backup _PyOS_optind and force sys.argv[0] = '-c' */ _PyOS_optind--; argv[_PyOS_optind] = "-c"; } if (module != NULL) { /* Backup _PyOS_optind and force sys.argv[0] = '-c' so that PySys_SetArgv correctly sets sys.path[0] to '' rather than looking for a file called "-m". See tracker issue #8202 for details. */ _PyOS_optind--; argv[_PyOS_optind] = "-c"; } PySys_SetArgv(argc-_PyOS_optind, argv+_PyOS_optind); if ((Py_InspectFlag || (command == NULL && filename == NULL && module == NULL)) && isatty(fileno(stdin))) { PyObject *v; v = PyImport_ImportModule("readline"); if (v == NULL) PyErr_Clear(); else Py_DECREF(v); } if (command) { sts = PyRun_SimpleStringFlags(command, &cf) != 0; free(command); } else if (module) { sts = RunModule(module, 1); free(module); } else { if (filename == NULL && stdin_is_interactive) { Py_InspectFlag = 0; /* do exit on SystemExit */ RunStartupFile(&cf); } /* XXX */ sts = -1; /* keep track of whether we've already run __main__ */ if (filename != NULL) { sts = RunMainFromImporter(filename); } if (sts==-1 && filename!=NULL) { if ((fp = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: can't open file '%s': [Errno %d] %s\n", argv[0], filename, errno, strerror(errno)); return 2; } else if (skipfirstline) { int ch; /* Push back first newline so line numbers remain the same */ while ((ch = getc(fp)) != EOF) { if (ch == '\n') { (void)ungetc(ch, fp); break; } } } { /* XXX: does this work on Win/Win64? (see posix_fstat) */ struct stat sb; if (fstat(fileno(fp), &sb) == 0 && S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: '%s' is a directory, cannot continue\n", argv[0], filename); fclose(fp); return 1; } } } if (sts==-1) { /* call pending calls like signal handlers (SIGINT) */ if (Py_MakePendingCalls() == -1) { PyErr_Print(); sts = 1; } else { sts = PyRun_AnyFileExFlags( fp, filename == NULL ? "<stdin>" : filename, filename != NULL, &cf) != 0; } } } /* Check this environment variable at the end, to give programs the * opportunity to set it from Python. */ if (!Py_InspectFlag && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONINSPECT")) && *p != '\0') { Py_InspectFlag = 1; } if (Py_InspectFlag && stdin_is_interactive && (filename != NULL || command != NULL || module != NULL)) { Py_InspectFlag = 0; /* XXX */ sts = PyRun_AnyFileFlags(stdin, "<stdin>", &cf) != 0; } Py_Finalize(); #ifdef RISCOS if (Py_RISCOSWimpFlag) fprintf(stderr, "\x0cq\x0c"); /* make frontend quit */ #endif #ifdef __INSURE__ /* Insure++ is a memory analysis tool that aids in discovering * memory leaks and other memory problems. On Python exit, the * interned string dictionary is flagged as being in use at exit * (which it is). Under normal circumstances, this is fine because * the memory will be automatically reclaimed by the system. Under * memory debugging, it's a huge source of useless noise, so we * trade off slower shutdown for less distraction in the memory * reports. -baw */ _Py_ReleaseInternedStrings(); #endif /* __INSURE__ */ return sts; } Good God Almighty...it is big enough to sink the Titanic. It seems as though Python did the "Intro to Programming 101" trick and just moved all of main()'s code to a different function called it something very similar to "main". Here's my question: Is this code terribly written, or are there other reasons reasons to have a short main function? As it stands right now, I see absolutely no difference between doing this and just moving the code in Py_Main() back into main(). Am I wrong in thinking this?

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  • Why should main() be short?

    - by Stargazer712
    I've been programming for over 9 years, and according to the advice of my first programming teacher, I always keep my main() function extremely short. At first I had no idea why. I just obeyed without understanding, much to the delight of my professors. After gaining experience, I realized that if I designed my code correctly, having a short main() function just sortof happened. Writing modularized code and following the single responsibility principle allowed my code to be designed in "bunches", and main() served as nothing more than a catalyst to get the program running. Fast forward to a few weeks ago, I was looking at Python's souce code, and I found the main() function: /* Minimal main program -- everything is loaded from the library */ ... int main(int argc, char **argv) { ... return Py_Main(argc, argv); } Yay python. Short main() function == Good code. Programming teachers were right. Wanting to look deeper, I took a look at Py_Main. In its entirety, it is defined as follows: /* Main program */ int Py_Main(int argc, char **argv) { int c; int sts; char *command = NULL; char *filename = NULL; char *module = NULL; FILE *fp = stdin; char *p; int unbuffered = 0; int skipfirstline = 0; int stdin_is_interactive = 0; int help = 0; int version = 0; int saw_unbuffered_flag = 0; PyCompilerFlags cf; cf.cf_flags = 0; orig_argc = argc; /* For Py_GetArgcArgv() */ orig_argv = argv; #ifdef RISCOS Py_RISCOSWimpFlag = 0; #endif PySys_ResetWarnOptions(); while ((c = _PyOS_GetOpt(argc, argv, PROGRAM_OPTS)) != EOF) { if (c == 'c') { /* -c is the last option; following arguments that look like options are left for the command to interpret. */ command = (char *)malloc(strlen(_PyOS_optarg) + 2); if (command == NULL) Py_FatalError( "not enough memory to copy -c argument"); strcpy(command, _PyOS_optarg); strcat(command, "\n"); break; } if (c == 'm') { /* -m is the last option; following arguments that look like options are left for the module to interpret. */ module = (char *)malloc(strlen(_PyOS_optarg) + 2); if (module == NULL) Py_FatalError( "not enough memory to copy -m argument"); strcpy(module, _PyOS_optarg); break; } switch (c) { case 'b': Py_BytesWarningFlag++; break; case 'd': Py_DebugFlag++; break; case '3': Py_Py3kWarningFlag++; if (!Py_DivisionWarningFlag) Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 1; break; case 'Q': if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "old") == 0) { Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 0; break; } if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "warn") == 0) { Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 1; break; } if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "warnall") == 0) { Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 2; break; } if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "new") == 0) { /* This only affects __main__ */ cf.cf_flags |= CO_FUTURE_DIVISION; /* And this tells the eval loop to treat BINARY_DIVIDE as BINARY_TRUE_DIVIDE */ _Py_QnewFlag = 1; break; } fprintf(stderr, "-Q option should be `-Qold', " "`-Qwarn', `-Qwarnall', or `-Qnew' only\n"); return usage(2, argv[0]); /* NOTREACHED */ case 'i': Py_InspectFlag++; Py_InteractiveFlag++; break; /* case 'J': reserved for Jython */ case 'O': Py_OptimizeFlag++; break; case 'B': Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag++; break; case 's': Py_NoUserSiteDirectory++; break; case 'S': Py_NoSiteFlag++; break; case 'E': Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag++; break; case 't': Py_TabcheckFlag++; break; case 'u': unbuffered++; saw_unbuffered_flag = 1; break; case 'v': Py_VerboseFlag++; break; #ifdef RISCOS case 'w': Py_RISCOSWimpFlag = 1; break; #endif case 'x': skipfirstline = 1; break; /* case 'X': reserved for implementation-specific arguments */ case 'U': Py_UnicodeFlag++; break; case 'h': case '?': help++; break; case 'V': version++; break; case 'W': PySys_AddWarnOption(_PyOS_optarg); break; /* This space reserved for other options */ default: return usage(2, argv[0]); /*NOTREACHED*/ } } if (help) return usage(0, argv[0]); if (version) { fprintf(stderr, "Python %s\n", PY_VERSION); return 0; } if (Py_Py3kWarningFlag && !Py_TabcheckFlag) /* -3 implies -t (but not -tt) */ Py_TabcheckFlag = 1; if (!Py_InspectFlag && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONINSPECT")) && *p != '\0') Py_InspectFlag = 1; if (!saw_unbuffered_flag && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONUNBUFFERED")) && *p != '\0') unbuffered = 1; if (!Py_NoUserSiteDirectory && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONNOUSERSITE")) && *p != '\0') Py_NoUserSiteDirectory = 1; if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONWARNINGS")) && *p != '\0') { char *buf, *warning; buf = (char *)malloc(strlen(p) + 1); if (buf == NULL) Py_FatalError( "not enough memory to copy PYTHONWARNINGS"); strcpy(buf, p); for (warning = strtok(buf, ","); warning != NULL; warning = strtok(NULL, ",")) PySys_AddWarnOption(warning); free(buf); } if (command == NULL && module == NULL && _PyOS_optind < argc && strcmp(argv[_PyOS_optind], "-") != 0) { #ifdef __VMS filename = decc$translate_vms(argv[_PyOS_optind]); if (filename == (char *)0 || filename == (char *)-1) filename = argv[_PyOS_optind]; #else filename = argv[_PyOS_optind]; #endif } stdin_is_interactive = Py_FdIsInteractive(stdin, (char *)0); if (unbuffered) { #if defined(MS_WINDOWS) || defined(__CYGWIN__) _setmode(fileno(stdin), O_BINARY); _setmode(fileno(stdout), O_BINARY); #endif #ifdef HAVE_SETVBUF setvbuf(stdin, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); setvbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); setvbuf(stderr, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); #else /* !HAVE_SETVBUF */ setbuf(stdin, (char *)NULL); setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL); setbuf(stderr, (char *)NULL); #endif /* !HAVE_SETVBUF */ } else if (Py_InteractiveFlag) { #ifdef MS_WINDOWS /* Doesn't have to have line-buffered -- use unbuffered */ /* Any set[v]buf(stdin, ...) screws up Tkinter :-( */ setvbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); #else /* !MS_WINDOWS */ #ifdef HAVE_SETVBUF setvbuf(stdin, (char *)NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ); setvbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ); #endif /* HAVE_SETVBUF */ #endif /* !MS_WINDOWS */ /* Leave stderr alone - it should be unbuffered anyway. */ } #ifdef __VMS else { setvbuf (stdout, (char *)NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ); } #endif /* __VMS */ #ifdef __APPLE__ /* On MacOS X, when the Python interpreter is embedded in an application bundle, it gets executed by a bootstrapping script that does os.execve() with an argv[0] that's different from the actual Python executable. This is needed to keep the Finder happy, or rather, to work around Apple's overly strict requirements of the process name. However, we still need a usable sys.executable, so the actual executable path is passed in an environment variable. See Lib/plat-mac/bundlebuiler.py for details about the bootstrap script. */ if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONEXECUTABLE")) && *p != '\0') Py_SetProgramName(p); else Py_SetProgramName(argv[0]); #else Py_SetProgramName(argv[0]); #endif Py_Initialize(); if (Py_VerboseFlag || (command == NULL && filename == NULL && module == NULL && stdin_is_interactive)) { fprintf(stderr, "Python %s on %s\n", Py_GetVersion(), Py_GetPlatform()); if (!Py_NoSiteFlag) fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", COPYRIGHT); } if (command != NULL) { /* Backup _PyOS_optind and force sys.argv[0] = '-c' */ _PyOS_optind--; argv[_PyOS_optind] = "-c"; } if (module != NULL) { /* Backup _PyOS_optind and force sys.argv[0] = '-c' so that PySys_SetArgv correctly sets sys.path[0] to '' rather than looking for a file called "-m". See tracker issue #8202 for details. */ _PyOS_optind--; argv[_PyOS_optind] = "-c"; } PySys_SetArgv(argc-_PyOS_optind, argv+_PyOS_optind); if ((Py_InspectFlag || (command == NULL && filename == NULL && module == NULL)) && isatty(fileno(stdin))) { PyObject *v; v = PyImport_ImportModule("readline"); if (v == NULL) PyErr_Clear(); else Py_DECREF(v); } if (command) { sts = PyRun_SimpleStringFlags(command, &cf) != 0; free(command); } else if (module) { sts = RunModule(module, 1); free(module); } else { if (filename == NULL && stdin_is_interactive) { Py_InspectFlag = 0; /* do exit on SystemExit */ RunStartupFile(&cf); } /* XXX */ sts = -1; /* keep track of whether we've already run __main__ */ if (filename != NULL) { sts = RunMainFromImporter(filename); } if (sts==-1 && filename!=NULL) { if ((fp = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: can't open file '%s': [Errno %d] %s\n", argv[0], filename, errno, strerror(errno)); return 2; } else if (skipfirstline) { int ch; /* Push back first newline so line numbers remain the same */ while ((ch = getc(fp)) != EOF) { if (ch == '\n') { (void)ungetc(ch, fp); break; } } } { /* XXX: does this work on Win/Win64? (see posix_fstat) */ struct stat sb; if (fstat(fileno(fp), &sb) == 0 && S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: '%s' is a directory, cannot continue\n", argv[0], filename); fclose(fp); return 1; } } } if (sts==-1) { /* call pending calls like signal handlers (SIGINT) */ if (Py_MakePendingCalls() == -1) { PyErr_Print(); sts = 1; } else { sts = PyRun_AnyFileExFlags( fp, filename == NULL ? "<stdin>" : filename, filename != NULL, &cf) != 0; } } } /* Check this environment variable at the end, to give programs the * opportunity to set it from Python. */ if (!Py_InspectFlag && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONINSPECT")) && *p != '\0') { Py_InspectFlag = 1; } if (Py_InspectFlag && stdin_is_interactive && (filename != NULL || command != NULL || module != NULL)) { Py_InspectFlag = 0; /* XXX */ sts = PyRun_AnyFileFlags(stdin, "<stdin>", &cf) != 0; } Py_Finalize(); #ifdef RISCOS if (Py_RISCOSWimpFlag) fprintf(stderr, "\x0cq\x0c"); /* make frontend quit */ #endif #ifdef __INSURE__ /* Insure++ is a memory analysis tool that aids in discovering * memory leaks and other memory problems. On Python exit, the * interned string dictionary is flagged as being in use at exit * (which it is). Under normal circumstances, this is fine because * the memory will be automatically reclaimed by the system. Under * memory debugging, it's a huge source of useless noise, so we * trade off slower shutdown for less distraction in the memory * reports. -baw */ _Py_ReleaseInternedStrings(); #endif /* __INSURE__ */ return sts; } Good God Almighty...it is big enough to sink the Titanic. It seems as though Python did the "Intro to Programming 101" trick and just moved all of main()'s code to a different function called it something very similar to "main". Here's my question: Is this code terribly written, or are there other reasons to have a short main function? As it stands right now, I see absolutely no difference between doing this and just moving the code in Py_Main() back into main(). Am I wrong in thinking this?

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  • Monitoring slow nginx/unicorn requests

    - by injekt
    I'm currently using Nginx to proxy requests to a Unicorn server running a Sinatra application. The application only has a couple of routes defined, those of which make fairly simple (non costly) queries to a PostgreSQL database, and finally return data in JSON format, these services are being monitored by God. I'm currently experiencing extremely slow response times from this application server. I have another two Unicorn servers being proxied via Nginx, and these are responding perfectly fine, so I think I can rule out any wrong doing from Nginx. Here is my God configuration: # God configuration APP_ROOT = File.expand_path '../', File.dirname(__FILE__) God.watch do |w| w.name = "app_name" w.interval = 30.seconds # default w.start = "cd #{APP_ROOT} && unicorn -c #{APP_ROOT}/config/unicorn.rb -D" # -QUIT = graceful shutdown, waits for workers to finish their current request before finishing w.stop = "kill -QUIT `cat #{APP_ROOT}/tmp/unicorn.pid`" w.restart = "kill -USR2 `cat #{APP_ROOT}/tmp/unicorn.pid`" w.start_grace = 10.seconds w.restart_grace = 10.seconds w.pid_file = "#{APP_ROOT}/tmp/unicorn.pid" # User under which to run the process w.uid = 'web' w.gid = 'web' # Cleanup the pid file (this is needed for processes running as a daemon) w.behavior(:clean_pid_file) # Conditions under which to start the process w.start_if do |start| start.condition(:process_running) do |c| c.interval = 5.seconds c.running = false end end # Conditions under which to restart the process w.restart_if do |restart| restart.condition(:memory_usage) do |c| c.above = 150.megabytes c.times = [3, 5] # 3 out of 5 intervals end restart.condition(:cpu_usage) do |c| c.above = 50.percent c.times = 5 end end w.lifecycle do |on| on.condition(:flapping) do |c| c.to_state = [:start, :restart] c.times = 5 c.within = 5.minute c.transition = :unmonitored c.retry_in = 10.minutes c.retry_times = 5 c.retry_within = 2.hours end end end Here is my Unicorn configuration: # Unicorn configuration file APP_ROOT = File.expand_path '../', File.dirname(__FILE__) worker_processes 8 preload_app true pid "#{APP_ROOT}/tmp/unicorn.pid" listen 8001 stderr_path "#{APP_ROOT}/log/unicorn.stderr.log" stdout_path "#{APP_ROOT}/log/unicorn.stdout.log" before_fork do |server, worker| old_pid = "#{APP_ROOT}/tmp/unicorn.pid.oldbin" if File.exists?(old_pid) && server.pid != old_pid begin Process.kill("QUIT", File.read(old_pid).to_i) rescue Errno::ENOENT, Errno::ESRCH # someone else did our job for us end end end I have checked God status logs but it appears CPU and Memory Usage are never out of bounds. I also have something to kill high memory workers, which can be found on the GitHub blog page here. When running a tail -f on the Unicorn logs I see some requests, but they're far and few between, when I was at around 60-100 a second before this trouble seemed to have arrived. This log also shows workers being reaped and started as expected. So my question is, how would I go about debugging this? What are the next steps I should be taking? I'm extremely baffled that the server will sometimes respond quickly, but at others time it's very slow, for long periods of time (which may or may not be peak traffic times). Any advice is much appreciated.

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