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  • djb2 Hash Function

    - by Jainish
    I am using the djb2 algorithm to generate the hash key for a string which is as follows hash(unsigned char *str) { unsigned long hash = 5381; int c; while (c = *str++) hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + c; /* hash * 33 + c */ return hash; } Now with every loop there is a multiplication with two big numbers, After some time with the 4th of 5th character of the string there is a overflow as the hash value becomes huge What is the correct way to refactor so that the hash value does not overflow and the hashing also happens correctly

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  • How do I translate this Matlab bsxfun call to R?

    - by claytontstanley
    I would also (fingers crossed) like the solution to work with R Sparse Matrices in the Matrix package. >> A = [1,2,3,4,5] A = 1 2 3 4 5 >> B = [1;2;3;4;5] B = 1 2 3 4 5 >> bsxfun(@times, A, B) ans = 1 2 3 4 5 2 4 6 8 10 3 6 9 12 15 4 8 12 16 20 5 10 15 20 25 >> EDIT: I would like to do a matrix multiplication of these sparse vectors, and return a sparse array: > class(NRowSums) [1] "dsparseVector" attr(,"package") [1] "Matrix" > class(NColSums) [1] "dsparseVector" attr(,"package") [1] "Matrix" > NRowSums * NColSums (I think) w/o using a non-sparse variable to temporarily store data.

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  • image scaling with C

    - by sa125
    Hi - I'm trying to read an image file and scale it by multiplying each byte by a scale its pixel levels by some absolute factor. I'm not sure I'm doing it right, though - void scale_file(char *infile, char *outfile, float scale) { // open files for reading FILE *infile_p = fopen(infile, 'r'); FILE *outfile_p = fopen(outfile, 'w'); // init data holders char *data; char *scaled_data; // read each byte, scale and write back while ( fread(&data, 1, 1, infile_p) != EOF ) { *scaled_data = (*data) * scale; fwrite(&scaled_data, 1, 1, outfile); } // close files fclose(infile_p); fclose(outfile_p); } What gets me is how to do each byte multiplication (scale is 0-1.0 float) - I'm pretty sure I'm either reading it wrong or missing something big. Also, data is assumed to be unsigned (0-255). Please don't judge my poor code :) thanks

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  • flex and bison: wrong output

    - by user2972227
    I am doing a homework using flex and bison to make a complex number calculator. But my program cannot give a correct output. .lex file: %option noyywrap %{ #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include "complex_cal.h" #define YYSTYPE complex #include "complex_cal.tab.h" void RmWs(char* str); %} /* Add your Flex definitions here */ /* Some definitions are already provided to you*/ ws [ \t]+ digits [0-9] number (0|[1-9]+{digits}*)\.?{digits}* im [i] complexnum {ws}*[-]*{ws}*{number}{ws}*[+|-]{ws}*{number}{ws}*{im}{ws}* op [-+*/()] %% {complexnum} {RmWs(yytext); sscanf(yytext,"%lf %lf",&(yylval.real),&(yylval.img)); return CNUMBER;} {ws} /**/ {op} return *yytext; %% /* function provided to student to remove */ /* all the whitespaces from a string. */ void RmWs(char* str){ int i=0,j=0; char temp[strlen(str)+1]; strcpy(temp,str); while (temp[i]!='\0'){ while (temp[i]==' '){i++;} str[j]=temp[i]; i++; j++; } str[j]='\0'; } .y file: %{ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include "complex_cal.h" /* prototypes of the provided functions */ complex complex_add (complex, complex); complex complex_sub (complex, complex); complex complex_mul (complex, complex); complex complex_div (complex, complex); /* prototypes of the provided functions */ int yylex(void); int yyerror(const char*); %} %token CNUMBER %left '+' '-' %left '*' '/' %nonassoc '(' ')' %% /* start: Add your grammar rules and actions here */ complexexp: complexexp '+' complexexpmultidiv {$$=complex_add($1, $3);} | complexexp '-' complexexpmultidiv {$$=complex_sub($1, $3);} | complexexpmultidiv {$$.real=$1.real;$$.img=$1.img;} ; complexexpmultidiv: complexexpmultidiv '*' complexsimple {$$=complex_mul($1, $3);} | complexexpmultidiv '/' complexsimple {$$=complex_div($1, $3);} | complexsimple {$$.real=$1.real;$$.img=$1.img;} ; complexsimple: '(' complexexp ')' {$$.real=$2.real;$$.img=$2.img;} | '(' CNUMBER ')' {$$.real=$2.real;$$.img=$2.img;} ; /* end: Add your grammar rules and actions here */ %% int main(){ return yyparse(); } int yyerror(const char* s){ printf("%s\n", s); return 0; } /* function provided to do complex addition */ /* input : complex numbers c1, c2 */ /* output: nothing */ /* side effect : none */ /* return value: result of addition in c3 */ complex complex_add (complex c1, complex c2){ /* c1 + c2 */ complex c3; c3.real = c1.real + c2.real; c3.img = c1.img + c2.img; return c3; } /* function provided to do complex subtraction */ /* input : complex numbers c1, c2 */ /* output: nothing */ /* side effect : none */ /* return value: result of subtraction in c3 */ complex complex_sub (complex c1, complex c2){ /* c1 - c2 */ complex c3; c3.real = c1.real - c2.real; c3.img = c1.img - c2.img; return c3; } /* function provided to do complex multiplication */ /* input : complex numbers c1, c2 */ /* output: nothing */ /* side effect : none */ /* return value: result of multiplication in c3 */ complex complex_mul (complex c1, complex c2){ /* c1 * c2 */ complex c3; c3.real = c1.real*c2.real - c1.img*c2.img; c3.img = c1.img*c2.real + c1.real*c2.img; return c3; } /* function provided to do complex division */ /* input : complex numbers c1, c2 */ /* output: nothing */ /* side effect : none */ /* return value: result of c1/c2 in c3 */ complex complex_div (complex c1, complex c2){ /* c1 / c2 (i.e. c1 divided by c2 ) */ complex c3; double d; /*divisor calculation using the conjugate of c2*/ d = c2.real*c2.real + c2.img*c2.img; c3.real = (c1.real*c2.real + c1.img*c2.img)/d; c3.img = (c1.img*c2.real - c1.real*c2.img)/d; return c3; } .h file: #include <string.h> /* struct for holding a complex number */ typedef struct { double real; double img; } complex; /* define the return type of FLEX */ #define YYSTYPE complex Script for compiling the file: bison -d -v complex_cal.y flex -ocomplex_cal.lex.yy.c complex_cal.lex gcc -o complex_cal complex_cal.lex.yy.c complex_cal.tab.c ./complex_cal Some correct sample run of the program: input:(5+6i)*(6+1i) output:24.000000+41.000000i input:(7+8i)/(-3-4i)*(5+7i) output:-11.720000-14.040000i input:(7+8i)/((-3-4i)*(5+7i)) output:-0.128108+0.211351i But when I run this program, the program only give an output which is identical to my input. For example, when I input (5+6i)(6+1i), it just gives (5+6i)(6+1i). Even if I input any other things, for example, input "abc" it just gives "abc" and is not syntax error. I don't know where the problem is and I hope to know how to solve it.

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  • what is order notation f(n)=O(g(n))?

    - by Lopa
    2 questions: question 1: under what circumstances would this[O(f(n))=O(k.f(n))] be the most appropriate form of time-complexity analysis? question 2: working from mathematical definition of O notation, show that O(f(n))=O(k.f(n)), for positive constant k.? My view: For the first one I think it is average case and worst case form of time-complexity. am i right? and what else do i write in that? for the second one I think we need to define the function mathematically, so is the answer something like because the multiplication by a constant just corresponds to a readjustment of value of the arbitrary constant 'k' in definition of O.

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  • big O notation algorithm

    - by niggersak
    Use big-O notation to classify the traditional grade school algorithms for addition and multiplication. That is, if asked to add two numbers each having N digits, how many individual additions must be performed? If asked to multiply two N-digit numbers, how many individual multiplications are required? . Suppose f is a function that returns the result of reversing the string of symbols given as its input, and g is a function that returns the concatenation of the two strings given as its input. If x is the string hrwa, what is returned by g(f(x),x)? Explain your answer - don't just provide the result!

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  • What is a convenient base for a bignum library & primality testing algorithm?

    - by nn
    Hi, I am to program the Solovay-Strassen primality test presented in the original paper on RSA. Additionally I will need to write a small bignum library, and so when searching for a convenient representation for bignum I came across this [specification][1]: struct { int sign; int size; int *tab; } bignum; I will also be writing a multiplication routine using the Karatsuba method. So, for my question: What base would be convenient to store integer data in the bignum struct? Note: I am not allowed to use third party or built-in implementations for bignum such as GMP. Thank you.

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  • Optimize code performance when odd/even threads are doing different things in CUDA

    - by Orion Nebula
    Hi all! I have two large vectors, I am trying to do some sort of element multiplication, where an even-numbered element in the first vector is multiplied by the next odd-numbered element in the second vector .... and where the odd-numbered element in the first vector is multiplied by the preceding even-numbered element in the second vector Ex. vector 1 is V1(1) V1(2) V1(3) V1(4) vector 2 is V2(1) V2(2) V2(3) V2(4) V1(1) * V2(2) V1(3) * V2(4) V1(2) * V2(1) V1(4) * V2(3) I have written a Cuda code to do this: (Pds has the elements of the first vector in shared memory, Nds the second Vector) //instead of using %2 .. i check for the first bit to decide if number is odd/even -- faster if ((tx & 0x0001) == 0x0000) Nds[tx+1] = Pds[tx] * Nds[tx+1]; else Nds[tx-1] = Pds[tx] * Nds[tx-1]; __syncthreads(); Is there anyway to further accelerate this code or avoid divergence ? Thanks

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  • Optimize code perfromance when odd/even threads are doing different things in CUDA

    - by Ashraf
    Hi all! I have two large vectors, I am trying to do some sort of element multiplication, where an even-numbered element in the first vector is multiplied by the next odd-numbered element in the second vector .... and where the odd-numbered element in the first vector is multiplied by the preceding even-numbered element in the second vector Ex. vector 1 is V1(1) V1(2) V1(3) V1(4) vector 2 is V2(1) V2(2) V2(3) V2(4) V1(1) * V2(2) V1(3) * V2(4) V1(2) * V2(1) V1(4) * V2(3) I have written a Cuda code to do this: (Pds has the elements of the first vector in shared memory, Nds the second Vector) //instead of using %2 .. i check for the first bit to decide if number is odd/even -- faster if ((tx & 0x0001) == 0x0000) Nds[tx+1] = Pds[tx] * Nds[tx+1]; else Nds[tx-1] = Pds[tx] * Nds[tx-1]; __syncthreads(); Is there anyway to further accelerate this code or avoid divergence .. Thanks

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  • C++ double division by 0.0 versus DBL_MIN

    - by wonsungi
    When finding the inverse square root of a double, is it better to clamp invalid non-positive inputs at 0.0 or MIN_DBL? (In my example below double b may end up being negative due to floating point rounding errors and because the laws of physics are slightly slightly fudged in the game.) Both division by 0.0 and MIN_DBL produce the same outcome in the game because 1/0.0 and 1/DBL_MIN are effectively infinity. My intuition says MIN_DBL is the better choice, but would there be any case for using 0.0? Like perhaps sqrt(0.0), 1/0.0 and multiplication by 1.#INF000000000000 execute faster because they are special cases. double b = 1 - v.length_squared()/(c*c); #ifdef CLAMP_BY_0 if (b < 0.0) b = 0.0; #endif #ifdef CLAMP_BY_DBL_MIN if (b <= 0.0) b = DBL_MIN; #endif double lorentz_factor = 1/sqrt(b); double division in MSVC: 1/0.0 = 1.#INF000000000000 1/DBL_MIN = 4.4942328371557898e+307

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  • Using Python tuples as vectors

    - by Etaoin
    I need to represent immutable vectors in Python ("vectors" as in linear algebra, not as in programming). The tuple seems like an obvious choice. The trouble is when I need to implement things like addition and scalar multiplication. If a and b are vectors, and c is a number, the best I can think of is this: tuple(map(lambda x,y: x + y, a, b)) # add vectors 'a' and 'b' tuple(map(lambda x: x * c, a)) # multiply vector 'a' by scalar 'c' which seems inelegant; there should be a clearer, simpler way to get this done -- not to mention avoiding the call to tuple, since map returns a list. Is there a better option?

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  • Django QuerySet ordering by expression

    - by Andrew
    How can i use order_by like order_by('field1'*'field2') For example i have items with price listed in different currencies, so to order items - i have to make currency conversion. class Currency(models.Model): code = models.CharField(max_length=3, primary_key=True) rateToUSD = models.DecimalField(max_digits=20,decimal_places=10) class Item(models.Model): priceRT = models.DecimalField(max_digits=15, decimal_places=2, default=0) cur = models.ForeignKey(Currency) I would like to have something like: Item.objects.all().order_by(F('priceRT')*F('cur__rateToUSD')) But unfortunately it doesnt work, i also faild with annotate. How can i permorm QuerySet ordering by result of value multiplication of 2 model's fields.

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  • Algorithm to split an array into N groups based on item index (should be something simple)

    - by serg
    I feel that it should be something very simple and obvious but just stuck on this for the last half an hour and can't move on. All I need is to split an array of elements into N groups based on element index. For example we have an array of 30 elements [e1,e2,...e30], that has to be divided into N=3 groups like this: group1: [e1, ..., e10] group2: [e11, ..., e20] group3: [e21, ..., e30] I came up with nasty mess like this for N=3 (pseudo language, I left multiplication on 0 and 1 just for clarification): for(i=0;i<array_size;i++) { if(i>=0*(array_size/3) && i<1*(array_size/3) { print "group1"; } else if(i>=1*(array_size/3) && i<2*(array_size/3) { print "group2"; } else if(i>=2*(array_size/3) && i<3*(array_size/3) print "group3"; } } But what would be the proper general solution? Thanks.

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  • Is there any valid reason radians are used as the inputs to trig function in many modern languages?

    - by johnmortal
    Is there any pressing reason trig functions should use radian inputs in modern programming languages? As far as I know radians are typically ugly to deal with except in three cases: (1) You want to compute an arc length and you know the angle of the arc and (2) You need to do symbolic calculus with trig functions (3) certain infinite series expansion look prettier if the input is in radians. None of these scenarios seem like a worthy justification for every programming language I am familiar with using radian inputs for Sin, Cos, Tangent, etc... The third one sounds good because it might mean one gets faster computations using radians (very slightly faster- the cost of one additional floating point multiplication ) , but I am dubious even of that because most commonly the developer had to take an extra step to put the angle in radians in the first place. The other two are ridiculous justifications for all the added obscurity.

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  • Why might different computers calculate different arithmetic results in VB.NET?

    - by Eyal
    I have some software written in VB.NET that performs a lot of calculations, mostly extracting jpegs to bitmaps and computing calculations on the pixels like convolutions and matrix multiplication. Different computers are giving me different results despite having identical inputs. What might be the reason? Edit: I can't provide the algorithm because it's proprietary but I can provide all the relevant operations: ULong \ ULong (Turuncating division) Bitmap.Load("filename.bmp') (Load a bitmap into memory) Bitmap.GetPixel(Integer, Integer) (Get a pixel's brightness) Double + Double Double * Double Math.Sqrt(Double) Math.PI Math.Cos(Double) ULong - ULong ULong * ULong ULong << ULong List.OrderBy(Of Double)(Func) Hmm... Is it possible that OrderBy is using a non-stable QuickSort and that QuickSort is using a random pivot? Edit: Just tested, nope. The sort is stable.

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  • How much difference you find between scrollview offset and contentview offset of table?

    - by neha
    Hi all, In my application, I want to detect the end of the entire table with scrollview. Since there're no sections in my scrollview, I'm using noOfRows*rowHeight to reach the end. I'm using scrollview.contentOffset.y to detect the y offset, but this contentOffset isn't matching the multiplication result i.e. I have 20 rows and with height as 250. So it comes as 5000, but my scrollview.offset.y at the end of last cell is nearly about 4650. What's this difference? Thanx in advance.

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  • How can I copy from the browser and paste to vim without unicode problems

    - by dsummersl
    This happens to me all the time: I copy something from a rich text screen (usually a browser) and then paste it into vim. Usually its a code block and then when I go to compile or run or what have you I get all kind of bazaar errors. I scratch my head, and then spend half an hour trying to figure out what is wrong before I realize I've copied some non ASCII characters: dashes, left and right quotes, long underscores, multiplication signs in place of x's, etc. So I ask you: how can I copy non-ASCII into my VIM session without error? Is there a paste mode that automatically 'down samples' unicode to ASCII? Is there a quick/dirty search for non ASCII characters in a file?

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  • How do I use compiler intrinsic __fmul_?

    - by Eric Thoma
    I am writing a massively parallel GPU application. I have been optimizing it by hand. I received a 20% performance increase with _fdividef(x, y), and according to The Cuda C Programming Guide (section C.2.1), using similar functions for multiplication and adding is also beneficial. The function is stated as this: "_fmulrn,rz,ru,rd". __fdividef(x,y) was not stated with the arguments in brackets. I was wondering, what are those brackets? If I run the simple code: int t = __fmul_(5,4); I a compiler error about how _fmul is undefined. I have the CUDA runtime included, so I don't think it is a setup thing; rather it is something to do with those square brackets. How do I correctly use this function? Thank you.

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  • Potential problems porting to different architectures

    - by Brendan Long
    I'm writing a Linux program that currently compiles and works fine on x86 and x86_64, and now I'm wondering if there's anything special I'll need to do to make it work on other architectures. What I've heard is that for cross platform code I should: Don't assume anything about the size of a pointer, int or size_t Don't make assumptions about byte order (I don't do any bit shifting -- I assume gcc will optimize my power of two multiplication/division for me) Don't use assembly blocks (obvious) Make sure your libraries work (I'm using SQLite, libcurl and Boost, which all seem pretty cross-platform) Is there anything else I need to worry about? I'm not currently targeting any other architectures, but I expect to support ARM at some point, and I figure I might as well make it work on any architecture if I can. Also, regarding my second point about byte order, do I need to do anything special with text input? I read files with getline(), so it seems like that should be done automatically as well.

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  • Division inaccurate in Javascript?

    - by Nate
    If I perform the following operation in Javascript: 0.06120*400 The result is 24.48. However, if I do this: 24.48/400 The result is: 0.061200000000000004 JSFiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/zcDH7/ So it appears that Javascript rounds things differently when doing division and multiplication? Using my calculator, the operation 24.48/400 results in the correct answer of 0.0612. How should I deal with Javascript's inaccurate division? I can't simply round the number off, because I will be dealing with numbers of varying precision. Thanks for your advice.

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  • Code Golf: All +-*/ Combinations for 3 integers

    - by Flash84x
    Write a program that takes 3 integers separated by spaces and perform every single combination of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division operations possible and display the result with the operation combination used. Example: $./solution 1 2 3 Results in the following output 1+2+3 = 6 1-2-3 = -4 1*2*3 = 6 1/2/3 = 0 (integer answers only, round up at .5) 1*2-3 = -1 3*1+2 = 5 etc... Order of operation rules apply, assume there will be no parenthesis used i.e. (3-1)*2 = 4 is not a combination, although you could implement this for "extra credit" For results where a divide by 0 occurs simply return NaN

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  • Matlab - Propagate unit vectors on to the edge of shape boundaries

    - by Graham
    Hi I have a set of unit vectors which I want to propagate on to the edge of shape boundary defined by a binary image. The shape boundary is defined by a 1px wide white edge. I also have the coordinates of these points stored in a 2 row by n column matrix. The shape forms a concave boundary with no holes within itself made of around 2500 points. What would be the best method to do this? Are there some sort of ray tracing algorithms that could be used? Or would it be a case of taking the unit vector and multiplying it by a scalar and testing after multiplication if the end point of the vector is outside the shape boundary. When the end point of the unit vector is outside the shape, just find the point of intersection? Thank you very much in advance for any help!

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  • sloving Algorithm notation

    - by neednewname
    Use big-O notation to classify the traditional grade school algorithms for addition and multiplication. That is, if asked to add two numbers each having N digits, how many individual additions must be performed? If asked to multiply two N-digit numbers, how many individual multiplications are required Suppose f is a function that returns the result of reversing the string of symbols given as its input, and g is a function that returns the concatenation of the two strings given as its input. If x is the string hrwa, what is returned by g(f(x),x)? Explain your answer - don't just provide the result!

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  • How can I rewrite Verilog code to remove extra reg?

    - by EquinoX
    How can I rewrite the code below so that I don't need to have an extra reg mul. I just wanted to take the 32 bits of the resulting 32 * 32 bit multiplication and put it into Result input signed[31:0] Reg1; input signed[31:0] Reg2; output[31:0] Result; reg signed[31:0] Result; reg[63:0] mul; mul = Reg1 * Reg2; Result = mul[31:0];

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  • Efficiently draw a grid in Windows Forms

    - by Joel
    I'm writing an implementation of Conway's Game of Life in C#. This is the code I'm using to draw the grid, it's in my panel_Paint event. g is the graphics context. for (int y = 0; y < numOfCells * cellSize; y += cellSize) { for (int x = 0; x < numOfCells * cellSize; x += cellSize) { g.DrawLine(p, x, 0, x, y + numOfCells * cellSize); g.DrawLine(p, 0, x, y + size * drawnGrid, x); } } When I run my program, it is unresponsive until it finishes drawing the grid, which takes a few seconds at numOfCells = 100 & cellSize = 10. Removing all the multiplication makes it faster, but not by very much. Is there a better/more efficient way to draw my grid? Thanks

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