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  • Calling function using 'new' is less expensive than without it?

    - by Matthew Taylor
    Given this very familiar model of prototypal construction: function Rectangle(w,h) { this.width = w; this.height = h; } Rectangle.prototype.area = function() { return this.width * this.height; }; Can anyone explain why calling "new Rectangle(2,3)" is consistently 10x FASTER than calling "Rectangle(2,3)" without the 'new' keyword? I would have assumed that because new adds more complexity to the execution of a function by getting prototypes involved, it would be slower. Example: var myTime; function startTrack() { myTime = new Date(); } function stopTrack(str) { var diff = new Date().getTime() - myTime.getTime(); println(str + ' time in ms: ' + diff); } function trackFunction(desc, func, times) { var i; if (!times) times = 1; startTrack(); for (i=0; i<times; i++) { func(); } stopTrack('(' + times + ' times) ' + desc); } var TIMES = 1000000; trackFunction('new rect classic', function() { new Rectangle(2,3); }, TIMES); trackFunction('rect classic (without new)', function() { Rectangle(2,3); }, TIMES); Yields (in Chrome): (1000000 times) new rect classic time in ms: 33 (1000000 times) rect classic (without new) time in ms: 368 (1000000 times) new rect classic time in ms: 35 (1000000 times) rect classic (without new) time in ms: 374 (1000000 times) new rect classic time in ms: 31 (1000000 times) rect classic (without new) time in ms: 368

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  • C++ cin keeps skipping.....

    - by user69514
    I am having problems with my program. WHen I run it, it asks the user for the album, the title, but then it just exits the loop without asking for the price and the sale tax. Any ideas what's going on? This is a sample run Discounts effective for September 15, 2010 Classical 8% Country 4% International 17% Jazz 0% Rock 16% Show 12% Are there more transactions? Y/N y Enter Artist of CD: Sevendust Enter Title of CD: Self titled Enter Genre of CD: Rock enter price Are there more transactions? Y/N Thank you for shopping with us! Program code: #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int counter = 0; string discount_tiles[] = {"Classical", "Country", "International", "Jazz", "Rock", "Show"}; int discount_amounts[] = {8, 4, 17, 0, 16, 12, 14}; string date = "September 15, 2010"; // Array Declerations //Artist array char** artist = new char *[100]; //Title array char** title = new char *[100]; //Genres array char** genres = new char *[100]; //Price array double* price[100]; //Discount array double* tax[100]; // sale price array double* sale_price[100]; //sale tax array double* sale_tax[100]; //cash price array double* cash_price[100]; //Begin Prototypes char* getArtist(); char* getTitle(); char* getGenre(); double* getPrice(); double* getTax(); unsigned int* AssignDiscounts(); void ReadTransaction (char ** artist, char ** title, char ** genre, float ** cash, float & taxrate, int albumcount); void computesaleprice(); bool AreThereMore (); //End Prototypes bool areThereMore () { char answer; cout << "Are there more transactions? Y/N" << endl; cin >> answer; if (answer =='y' || answer =='Y') return true; else return false; } char* getArtist() { char * artist= new char [100]; cout << "Enter Artist of CD: " << endl; cin.getline(artist,100); cin.ignore(); return artist; } char* getTitle() { char * title= new char [100]; cout << "Enter Title of CD: " << endl; cin.getline(title,100); cin.ignore(); return title; } char* getGenre() { char * genre= new char [100]; cout << "Enter Genre of CD: " << endl; cin.getline(genre,100); cin.ignore(); return genre; } double* getPrice() { //double* price = new double(); //cout << "Enter Price of CD: " << endl; //cin >> *price; //return price; double p = 0.0; cout<< "enter price" << endl; cin >> p; cin.ignore(); double* pp = &p; return pp; } double* getTax() { double* tax= new double(); cout << "Enter local sales tax: " << endl; cin >> *tax; return tax; } int findDiscount(string str){ if(str.compare(discount_tiles[0]) == 0) return discount_amounts[0]; else if(str.compare(discount_tiles[0]) == 0) return discount_amounts[1]; else if(str.compare(discount_tiles[0]) == 0) return discount_amounts[2]; else if(str.compare(discount_tiles[0]) == 0) return discount_amounts[3]; else if(str.compare(discount_tiles[0]) == 0) return discount_amounts[4]; else if(str.compare(discount_tiles[0]) == 0) return discount_amounts[5]; else{ cout << "Error in findDiscount function" << endl; return 0; } } void computesaleprice() { /** fill in array for all purchases **/ for( int i=0; i<=counter; i++){ double temp = *price[i]; temp -= findDiscount(genres[i]); double* tmpPntr = new double(); tmpPntr = &temp; sale_price[i] = tmpPntr; delete(&temp); delete(tmpPntr); } } void printDailyDiscounts(){ cout << "Discounts effective for " << date << endl; for(int i=0; i < 6; i++){ cout << discount_tiles[i] << "\t" << discount_amounts[i] << "%" << endl; } } //Begin Main int main () { for( int i=0; i<100; i++){ artist[i]=new char [100]; title[i]=new char [100]; genres[i]=new char [100]; price[i] = new double(0.0); tax[i] = new double(0.0); } // End Array Decleration printDailyDiscounts(); bool flag = true; while(flag == true){ if(areThereMore() == true){ artist[counter] = getArtist(); title[counter] = getTitle(); genres[counter] = getGenre(); price[counter] = getPrice(); //tax[counter] = getTax(); //counter++; flag = true; } else { flag = false; } } //compute sale prices //computesaleprice(); cout << "Thank you for shopping with us!" << endl; return 0; } //End Main /** void ReadTransaction (char ** artist, char ** title, char ** genre, float ** cash, float & taxrate, int albumcount) { strcpy(artist[albumcount],getArtist()); strcpy(title[albumcount],getTitle()); strcpy(genre[albumcount],getGenre()); //cash[albumcount][0]=computesaleprice();??????? //taxrate=getTax;?????????????? } * * */ unsigned int * AssignDiscounts() { unsigned int * discount = new unsigned int [7]; cout << "Enter Classical Discount: " << endl; cin >> discount[0]; cout << "Enter Country Discount: " << endl; cin >> discount[1]; cout << "Enter International Discount: " << endl; cin >> discount[2]; cout << "Enter Jazz Discount: " << endl; cin >> discount[3]; cout << "Enter Pop Discount: " << endl; cin >> discount[4]; cout << "Enter Rock Discount: " << endl; cin >> discount[5]; cout << "Enter Show Discount: " << endl; cin >> discount[6]; return discount; } /** char ** AssignGenres () { char ** genres = new char * [7]; for (int x=0;x<7;x++) genres[x] = new char [20]; strcpy(genres [0], "Classical"); strcpy(genres [1], "Country"); strcpy(genres [2], "International"); strcpy(genres [3], "Jazz"); strcpy(genres [4], "Pop"); strcpy(genres [5], "Rock"); strcpy(genres [6], "Show"); return genres; } **/ float getTax(float taxrate) { cout << "Please enter store tax rate: " << endl; cin >> taxrate; return taxrate; }

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  • Is this a good job description? What title would you give this position?

    - by Zack Peterson
    Department: Information Technology Reports To: Chief Information Officer Purpose: Company's ________________ is specifically engaged in the development of World Wide Web applications and distributed network applications. This person is concerned with all facets of the software development process and specializes in software product management. He or she contributes to projects in an application architect role and also performs individual programming tasks. Essential Duties & Responsibilities: This person is involved in all aspects of the software development process such as: Participation in software product definitions, including requirements analysis and specification Development and refinement of simulations or prototypes to confirm requirements Feasibility and cost-benefit analysis, including the choice of architecture and framework Application and database design Implementation (e.g. installation, configuration, customization, integration, data migration) Authoring of documentation needed by users and partners Testing, including defining/supporting acceptance testing and gathering feedback from pre-release testers Participation in software release and post-release activities, including support for product launch evangelism (e.g. developing demonstrations and/or samples) and subsequent product build/release cycles Maintenance Qualifications: Bachelor's degree in computer science or software engineering Several years of professional programming experience Proficiency in the general technology of the World Wide Web: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) JavaScript Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Proficiency in the following principles, practices, and techniques: Accessibility Interoperability Usability Security (especially prevention of SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks) Object-oriented programming (e.g. encapsulation, inheritance, modularity, polymorphism, etc.) Relational database design (e.g. normalization, orthogonality) Search engine optimization (SEO) Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX) Proficiency in the following specific technologies utilized by Company: C# or Visual Basic .NET ADO.NET (including ADO.NET Entity Framework) ASP.NET (including ASP.NET MVC Framework) Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) Language Integrated Query (LINQ) Extensible Application Markup Language (XAML) jQuery Transact-SQL (T-SQL) Microsoft Visual Studio Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) Microsoft SQL Server Adobe Photoshop

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  • Prototypal inheritance should save memory, right?

    - by Techpriester
    Hi Folks, I've been wondering: Using prototypes in JavaScript should be more memory efficient than attaching every member of an object directly to it for the following reasons: The prototype is just one single object. The instances hold only references to their prototype. Versus: Every instance holds a copy of all the members and methods that are defined by the constructor. I started a little experiment with this: var TestObjectFat = function() { this.number = 42; this.text = randomString(1000); } var TestObjectThin = function() { this.number = 42; } TestObjectThin.prototype.text = randomString(1000); randomString(x) just produces a, well, random String of length x. I then instantiated the objects in large quantities like this: var arr = new Array(); for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i++) { arr.push(new TestObjectFat()); // or new TestObjectThin() } ... and checked the memory usage of the browser process (Google Chrome). I know, that's not very exact... However, in both cases the memory usage went up significantly as expected (about 30MB for TestObjectFat), but the prototype variant used not much less memory (about 26MB for TestObjectThin). I also checked: The TestObjectThin instances contain the same string in their "text" property, so they are really using the property of the prototype. Now, I'm not so sure what to think about this. The prototyping doesn't seem to be the big memory saver at all. I know that prototyping is a great idea for many other reasons, but I'm specifically concerned with memory usage here. Any explanations why the prototype variant uses almost the same amount of memory? Am I missing something?

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  • Installing PIL on Cygwin

    - by Dustin
    I've been struggling all morning to get PIL installed on Cygwin. The errors I get are not consistent with common errors I find using Google. Perhaps a linux guru can see an obvious problem in this output: $ python setup.py install running install running build running build_py running build_ext building '_imaging' extension gcc -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -DHAVE_LIBZ -I/usr/include/freetype2 -IlibImaging -I/usr/include -I/usr/include/python2.5 -c _imaging.c -o build/temp.cygwin-1.7.2-i686-2.5/_imaging.o In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-cygwin/3.4.4/include/syslimits.h:7, from /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-cygwin/3.4.4/include/limits.h:11, from /usr/include/python2.5/Python.h:18, from _imaging.c:75: /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-cygwin/3.4.4/include/limits.h:122:61: limits.h: No such file or directory In file included from _imaging.c:75: /usr/include/python2.5/Python.h:32:19: stdio.h: No such file or directory /usr/include/python2.5/Python.h:34:5: #error "Python.h requires that stdio.h define NULL." /usr/include/python2.5/Python.h:37:20: string.h: No such file or directory /usr/include/python2.5/Python.h:39:19: errno.h: No such file or directory /usr/include/python2.5/Python.h:41:20: stdlib.h: No such file or directory /usr/include/python2.5/Python.h:43:20: unistd.h: No such file or directory /usr/include/python2.5/Python.h:55:20: assert.h: No such file or directory In file included from /usr/include/python2.5/Python.h:57, from _imaging.c:75: /usr/include/python2.5/pyport.h:7:20: stdint.h: No such file or directory In file included from /usr/include/python2.5/Python.h:57, from _imaging.c:75: /usr/include/python2.5/pyport.h:89: error: parse error before "Py_uintptr_t" /usr/include/python2.5/pyport.h:89: warning: type defaults to `int' in declaration of `Py_uintptr_t' /usr/include/python2.5/pyport.h:89: warning: data definition has no type or storage class /usr/include/python2.5/pyport.h:90: error: parse error before "Py_intptr_t" /usr/include/python2.5/pyport.h:90: warning: type defaults to `int' in declaration of `Py_intptr_t' ... more lines like this

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  • Alpha blending colors in .NET Compact Framwork 2.0

    - by Adam Haile
    In the Full .NET framework you can use the Color.FromArgb() method to create a new color with alpha blending, like this: Color blended = Color.FromArgb(alpha, color); or Color blended = Color.FromArgb(alpha, red, green , blue); However in the Compact Framework (2.0 specifically), neither of those prototypes are valid, you only get: Color.FromArgb(int red, int green, int blue); and Color.FromArgb(int val); The first one, obviously, doesn't even let you enter an alpha value, but the documentation for the latter shows that "val" is a 32bit ARGB value (as 0xAARRGGBB as opposed to the standard 24bit 0xRRGGBB), so it would make sense that you could just build the ARGB value and pass it to the function. I tried this with the following: private Color FromARGB(byte alpha, byte red, byte green, byte blue) { int val = (alpha << 24) | (red << 16) | (green << 8) | blue; return Color.FromArgb(val); } But no matter what I do, the alpha blending never works, the resulting color always as full opacity, even when setting the alpha value to 0. Has anyone gotten this to work on Compact Framework?

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  • Swig C++ Lua Pass class by reference

    - by Jeremy
    I don't know why I'm having a hard time with this. All I want to do is this: class foo { public: foo(){} ~foo(){} float a,b; }; class foo2 { public: foo2(){} foo2(const foo &f){*this = f;} ~foo2(){} void operator=(const foo& f){ x = f.a; y = f.b; } float x,y; }; /* Usage(cpp): foo f; foo2 f2(f); //or using the = operator f2 = f; */ The problem I'm having is that, after swigging this code, I can't figure out how to make the lua script play nice. /* Usage(lua) f = example.foo() f2 = example.foo2(f) --error */ The error I get is "Wrong arguments for overloaded function 'new_Foo2'": Possible c/c++ prototypes are: foo2() foo2(foo const &) The same thing happens if I try and use do f2 = f. As I understand it everything is stored as a pointer so I did try adding an additional constructor that took a pointer to foo but to no avail.

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  • Compiling scipy on Windows 32-bit

    - by Sridhar Ratnakumar
    Has anyone tried compiling SciPy on Windows using numpy-1.3.0 that was built with the pre-built ATLAS libraries (atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2.zip) linked in the installation document. I get the following linker error, and have no ideas as to how to fix this issue. $ python setup.py config --compiler=mingw32 build --compiler=mingw32 install --root=i [...] creating build\temp.win32-2.6\Release creating build\temp.win32-2.6\Release\scipy creating build\temp.win32-2.6\Release\scipy\integrate compile options: '-DNO_ATLAS_INFO=2 -I"C:\Documents and Settings\apy\Application Data\Python\Python26\site-packages\numpy\core\inc lude" -IC:\Python26\include -IC:\Python26\PC -c' gcc -mno-cygwin -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -DNO_ATLAS_INFO=2 -I"C:\Documents and Settings\apy\Application Data\Python\Python26\ site-packages\numpy\core\include" -IC:\Python26\include -IC:\Python26\PC -c scipy\integrate\_odepackmo dule.c -o build\temp.win32-2.6\Release\scipy\integrate\_odepackmodule.o C:\MinGW\bin\g77.exe -g -Wall -mno-cygwin -g -Wall -mno-cygwin -shared build\temp.win32-2.6\Release\scipy\integrate\_odepackmodule .o -LC:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2 -LC:\MinGW\lib -LC:\MinGW\lib\gcc\mingw32\3.4.5 -LC:\Python26\libs -LC:\Act ivePython32Python26\PCbuild -Lbuild\temp.win32-2.6 -lodepack -llinpack_lite -lmach -latlas -lcblas -lf77blas -llapack -lpython26 - lg2c -o build\lib.win32-2.6\scipy\integrate\_odepack.pyd C:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2/libf77blas.a(ATL_F77wrap_daxpy.o):ATL_F77wrap_axpy.c:(.text+0x3c): undefined reference to `ATL _daxpy' C:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2/libf77blas.a(ATL_F77wrap_dscal.o):ATL_F77wrap_scal.c:(.text+0x26): undefined reference to `ATL _dscal' C:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2/libf77blas.a(ATL_F77wrap_dcopy.o):ATL_F77wrap_copy.c:(.text+0x3d): undefined reference to `ATL _dcopy' C:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2/libf77blas.a(ATL_F77wrap_idamax.o):ATL_F77wrap_amax.c:(.text+0x1e): undefined reference to `AT L_idamax' C:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2/libf77blas.a(ATL_F77wrap_ddot.o):ATL_F77wrap_dot.c:(.text+0x36): undefined reference to `ATL_d dot' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status error: Command "C:\MinGW\bin\g77.exe -g -Wall -mno-cygwin -g -Wall -mno-cygwin -shared build\temp.win32-2.6\Release\scipy\integrat e\_odepackmodule.o -LC:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2 -LC:\MinGW\lib -LC:\MinGW\lib\gcc\mingw32\3.4.5 -LC:\Python 26\libs -LC:\Python26\PCbuild -Lbuild\temp.win32-2.6 -lodepack -llinpack_lite -lmach -latlas -lcblas -lf77blas -llap ack -lpython26 -lg2c -o build\lib.win32-2.6\scipy\integrate\_odepack.pyd" failed with exit status 1 Does anyone know what could have gone wrong here?

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  • How do I use Core Data with the Cocoa Text Input system?

    - by the Joel
    Hobbyist Cocoa programmer here. Have been looking around all the usual places, but this seems relatively under-explained: I am writing something a little out of the ordinary. It is much simpler than, but similar to, a desktop publishing app. I want editable text boxes on a canvas, arbitrarily placed. This is document-based and I’d really like to use Core Data. Now, The cocoa text-handling system seems to deal with a four-class structure: NSTextStorage, NSLayoutManager, NSTextContainer and finally NSTextView. I have looked into these and know how to use them, sort of. Have been making some prototypes and it works for simple apps. The problem arrives when I get into persistency. I don't know how to, by way of Cocoa Bindings or something else, store the contents of NSTextStorage (= the actual text) in my managed object context. I have considered overriding methods pairs like -words, -setWords: in these objects. This would let me link the words to a String, which I know how to store in Core Data. However, I’d have to override any method that affects the text - and that seems a little much. Thankful for any insights.

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  • Just 2 free months 2 learn or improve my skills

    - by microspino
    On the 30 of June I will leave my every day work to start as freelance developer. I'd like to set a period of 2 months apart to improve my dev skills. At work I code in C# and during my spare time I enjoyed building Ruby on Rails web applications and creating some Arduino prototypes. I'm something more than junior but I don't feel really a senior developer because I never had a big corporate project built and designed by me with help of other juniors (although I don't think this is really a good definiton of a "senior", It helps describing my feelings). Using a scale from 0 (ignorant) to 10 (proficient like a "samurai") the list below describes my skills that I would like to improve with just 2 months. I've already bought some nice and updated books on all the subjects hereunder: The order doesn't matter C = 1 C# & .Net = 6 Arduino & Processing = 2 Ruby = 5 Rails = 5 HTML/XHTML/CSS = 9 Javascript = 6 Objective-C/iPhone dev = 2 Python = 4 Django = 4 Desing Patterns = 3 Algorythms = 3 Git = 5 I haven't included SQL or Databases in general nor Networking because I spent 10 years working in the past with them and I feel pretty solid for now. As an aside, I've made up some interest in Redis, Node.js, HTML5 reading about them on the web. After two months, since I have to pay my bills, I could go searching for some new job. If learning and developing were really good maybe I could also invest on something I gave birth during them. Can You give me some piece of advice on which you think It's better to improve or develop a learning project on (something like a "summer of code" thing)? The all point Is to see my weeknesses and work on them.

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  • error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'g_App'

    - by numerical25
    I wish c++, was a little more specific on the messages they give. The following error is being thrown in the document below main.h #ifndef main_h #define main_h //includes #include <windows.h> #include <commctrl.h> #include <d3d9.h> #include <fstream> #include "capplication.h" //constants #define TITLE "D3D Tut 01: Create Window" #define WINDOW_X 350 #define WINDOW_Y 320 //Button ID's #define ID_START 1 #define ID_CANCEL 2 //globals extern CApplication g_App; //function prototypes LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProcedure(HWND,UINT,WPARAM,LPARAM); #endif The only header file that could possible throw this error is the capplication.h. given below capplication.h #ifndef capplication_h #define capplication_h #include"main.h" class CApplication { public: CApplication(void); ~CApplication(void); void InitWindow(void); void SaveSettings(void); void LoadSettings(void); void KillWindow(void); inline bool GetWindowStatus(void) { return m_bRunningWindow; } inline HWND GetWindowHandle(void) { return m_hWindow; } inline void SetWindowStatus(bool bRunningWindow) { m_bRunningWindow = bRunningWindow; } private: bool m_bRunningWindow; HWND m_hWindow, m_hBtnStart, m_hBtnCancel, m_hLblResolution, m_hCbResolution, m_hLblBackBuffer, m_hCbBackBuffer, m_hLblDepthStencil, m_hCbDepthStencil, m_hLblVertexProcessing, m_hCbVertexProcessing, m_hLblMultiSampling, m_hCbMultiSampling, m_hLblAnisotropy, m_hCbAnisotropy; DWORD m_dwWidth, m_dwHeight, m_dwVertexProcessing, m_dwAnisotropy; D3DFORMAT m_ColorFormat, m_DepthStencilFormat; D3DMULTISAMPLE_TYPE m_MultiSampling; }; #endif Besides that, the only suspicious thing I see is fstream given in the first code. I did have it as fstream.h But VC++ was not recognizing it so I was told to remove the h and I did. now I am down to this error. and I have no clue what it could be. Possibly something obvious

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  • Javascript Getting Objects to Fallback to One Another

    - by Ian
    Here's a ugly bit of Javascript it would be nice to find a workaround. Javascript has no classes, and that is a good thing. But it implements fallback between objects in a rather ugly way. The foundational construct should be to have one object that, when a property fails to be found, it falls back to another object. So if we want a to fall back to b we would want to do something like: a = {sun:1}; b = {dock:2}; a.__fallback__ = b; then a.dock == 2; But, Javascript instead provides a new operator and prototypes. So we do the far less elegant: function A(sun) { this.sun = sun; }; A.prototype.dock = 2; a = new A(1); a.dock == 2; But aside from elegance, this is also strictly less powerful, because it means that anything created with A gets the same fallback object. What I would like to do is liberate Javascript from this artificial limitation and have the ability to give any individual object any other individual object as its fallback. That way I could keep the current behavior when it makes sense, but use object-level inheritance when that makes sense. My initial approach is to create a dummy constructor function: function setFallback(from_obj, to_obj) { from_obj.constructor = function () {}; from_obj.constructor.prototype = to_obj; } a = {sun:1}; b = {dock:2}; setFallback(a, b); But unfortunately: a.dock == undefined; Any ideas why this doesn't work, or any solutions for an implementation of setFallback? (I'm running on V8, via node.js, in case this is platform dependent)

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  • Solved: Help with this compile error

    - by Scott
    I just picked up an old project and I'm not sure what the following error could mean. g++ -o BufferedReader.o -c -g -Wall -std=c++0x -I/usr/include/xmms2 -Ijsoncpp/include/json/ -fopenmp -I/usr/include/ImageMagick -I/usr/include/xmms2 -I/usr/include/libvisual-0.4 -D_GNU_SOURCE=1 -D_REENTRANT -I/usr/include/SDL -DQT_CORE_LIB -DQT_GUI_LIB -DQT_SCRIPT_LIB -DQT_SHARED -I/usr/include/QtCore -I/usr/include/QtGui -I/usr/include/QtScript BufferedReader.cpp In file included from BufferedReader.cpp:23: /usr/include/string.h:36:42: error: missing binary operator before token "(" In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/i686-redhat-linux/4.4.3/../../../../include/c++/4.4.3/cwchar:47, from /usr/lib/gcc/i686-redhat-linux/4.4.3/../../../../include/c++/4.4.3/bits/postypes.h:42, from /usr/lib/gcc/i686-redhat-linux/4.4.3/../../../../include/c++/4.4.3/iosfwd:42, from /usr/lib/gcc/i686-redhat-linux/4.4.3/../../../../include/c++/4.4.3/ios:39, from /usr/lib/gcc/i686-redhat-linux/4.4.3/../../../../include/c++/4.4.3/istream:40, from /usr/lib/gcc/i686-redhat-linux/4.4.3/../../../../include/c++/4.4.3/sstream:39, from BufferedReader.cpp:24: At line 24 of BufferedReader.cpp is #include <string.h>. I've tried it with just <string> but get the same thing. Any clue? Here's the snippet of code from string.h /* Tell the caller that we provide correct C++ prototypes. */ #if defined __cplusplus && __GNUC_PREREQ (4, 4) //line 36 # define __CORRECT_ISO_CPP_STRING_H_PROTO #endif Does that mean __GNUC_PREREQ isn't defined? Edit: Changing -Ijsoncpp/include/json/ to Ijsoncpp/include stopped the errors. I noticed I was including <json/json.h>. I'm about to switch to JsonGlib though, which is the reason I pulled the project up again. So it's all good. :)

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  • Enumeration trouble: redeclared as different kind of symbol

    - by Matt
    Hello all. I am writing a program that is supposed to help me learn about enumeration data types in C++. The current trouble is that the compiler doesn't like my enum usage when trying to use the new data type as I would other data types. I am getting the error "redeclared as different kind of symbol" when compiling my trangleShape function. Take a look at the relevant code. Any insight is appreciated! Thanks! (All functions are their own .cpp files.) header file #ifndef HEADER_H_INCLUDED #define HEADER_H_INCLUDED #include <iostream> #include <iomanip> using namespace std; enum triangleType {noTriangle, scalene, isoceles, equilateral}; //prototypes void extern input(float&, float&, float&); triangleType extern triangleShape(float, float, float); /*void extern output (float, float, float);*/ void extern myLabel(const char *, const char *); #endif // HEADER_H_INCLUDED main function //8.1 main // this progam... #include "header.h" int main() { float sideLength1, sideLength2, sideLength3; char response; do //main loop { input (sideLength1, sideLength2, sideLength3); triangleShape (sideLength1, sideLength2, sideLength3); //output (sideLength1, sideLength2, sideLength3); cout << "\nAny more triangles to analyze? (y,n) "; cin >> response; } while (response == 'Y' || response == 'y'); myLabel ("8.1", "2/11/2011"); return 0; } triangleShape shape # include "header.h" triangleType triangleShape(sideLenght1, sideLength2, sideLength3) { triangleType triangle; return triangle; }

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  • Help with this compile error

    - by Scott
    I just picked up an old project and I'm not sure what the following error could mean. g++ -o BufferedReader.o -c -g -Wall -std=c++0x -I/usr/include/xmms2 -Ijsoncpp/include/json/ -fopenmp -I/usr/include/ImageMagick -I/usr/include/xmms2 -I/usr/include/libvisual-0.4 -D_GNU_SOURCE=1 -D_REENTRANT -I/usr/include/SDL -DQT_CORE_LIB -DQT_GUI_LIB -DQT_SCRIPT_LIB -DQT_SHARED -I/usr/include/QtCore -I/usr/include/QtGui -I/usr/include/QtScript BufferedReader.cpp In file included from BufferedReader.cpp:23: /usr/include/string.h:36:42: error: missing binary operator before token "(" In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/i686-redhat-linux/4.4.3/../../../../include/c++/4.4.3/cwchar:47, from /usr/lib/gcc/i686-redhat-linux/4.4.3/../../../../include/c++/4.4.3/bits/postypes.h:42, from /usr/lib/gcc/i686-redhat-linux/4.4.3/../../../../include/c++/4.4.3/iosfwd:42, from /usr/lib/gcc/i686-redhat-linux/4.4.3/../../../../include/c++/4.4.3/ios:39, from /usr/lib/gcc/i686-redhat-linux/4.4.3/../../../../include/c++/4.4.3/istream:40, from /usr/lib/gcc/i686-redhat-linux/4.4.3/../../../../include/c++/4.4.3/sstream:39, from BufferedReader.cpp:24: At line 24 of BufferedReader.cpp is #include <string.h>. I've tried it with just <string> but get the same thing. Any clue? Here's the snippet of code from string.h /* Tell the caller that we provide correct C++ prototypes. */ #if defined __cplusplus && __GNUC_PREREQ (4, 4) //line 36 # define __CORRECT_ISO_CPP_STRING_H_PROTO #endif Does that mean __GNUC_PREREQ isn't defined?

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  • Just 2 free months to learn or improve my skills

    - by microspino
    On the 30 of June I will leave my every day work to start as freelance developer. I'd like to set a period of 2 months apart to improve my dev skills. At work I code in C# and during my spare time I enjoyed building Ruby on Rails web applications and creating some Arduino prototypes. I'm something more than junior but I don't feel really a senior developer because I never had a big corporate project built and designed by me with help of other juniors (although I don't think this is really a good definiton of a "senior", It helps describing my feelings). Using a scale from 0 (ignorant) to 10 (proficient like a "samurai") the list below describes my skills that I would like to improve with just 2 months. I've already bought some nice and updated books on all the subjects hereunder: The order doesn't matter C = 1 C# & .Net = 6 Arduino & Processing = 2 Ruby = 5 Rails = 5 HTML/XHTML/CSS = 9 Javascript = 6 Objective-C/iPhone dev = 2 Python = 4 Django = 4 Desing Patterns = 3 Algorythms = 3 Git = 5 I haven't included SQL or Databases in general nor Networking because I spent 10 years working in the past with them and I feel pretty solid for now. As an aside, I've made up some interest in Redis, Node.js, HTML5 reading about them on the web. After two months, since I have to pay my bills, I could go searching for some new job. If learning and developing were really good maybe I could also invest on something I gave birth during them. Can You give me some piece of advice on which you think It's better to improve or develop a learning project on (something like a "summer of code" thing)? The all point Is to see my weaknesses and work on them.

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  • Grouping Categorized Data In WPF.

    - by VoidDweller
    Here is what I am trying to do. Dynamic Category: Columns can be 0 or more. Must contain 1 or more Type Columns. Will only be displayed if any row contains Type Column data associated with it. Data Rows: Will be added Asynchronously. Will be grouped by a Common Category column. Will add a Dynamic Category if it does not yet exist. Will add a Type Column if it does not yet exist within its appropriate Dynamic Category. Platform Info: WPF .Net 3.5 sp1 C# MVVM I have a few partially functional prototypes, but each has it's own major set of problems. Can any of you give me some guidance on this? Envision this nicely styled. :-) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |[ Common Category ]|[ Dynamic Category 0 ]|[ Dynamic Category N ]| -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |[Header 1]|[Header 2]|[ Type 0 ]|[ Type N ]|[ Type 0 ]|[ Type N ]| -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |[Data 2 Group] | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Data A | Data 2 || Null | Data 1 || Data 0 | Data 1 || | Data B | Data 2 || Data 0 | Null || Data 0 | Data 1 || -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |[Data 1 Group] | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Data C | Data 1 || Null | Data 1 || Data 0 | Data 1 || | Data D | Data 1 || Null | Null || Data 0 | Null || -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Edit: Sorting and Paging is not necessary. I have looked at nested ListViews and DataGrids, dynamically building a Grid. Dynamically building a Grid and leveraging the SharedSizeGroup property seems the most promising strategy, but I am concerned about performance. Would a better approach be to consider this a dynamic report? If so, what should I be looking at? Thanks for your help.

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  • Should I be using Expression Blend to design really dynamic UIs?

    - by Robert Rossney
    My company's product is, at its core, a framework for developing metadata-driven UIs. I don't know how to characterize it less succinctly than that, and hope I won't need to for purposes of this question, but we'll see. I've been trying to come up to speed on WPF, and have been building UI prototypes here and there, and recently I decided to see if I could use Expression Blend to help with the design of these UIs. And I'm pretty mystified at this point. It appears to me as though Expresssion Blend is designed with the expectation that you already know all of the objects that are going to be present in the UI at design time. But our program generates these object dynamically at runtime. For instance, a data row might be presented in a horizontal StackPanel containing alternating TextBlocks (for captions) and TextBoxes (for data fields). The number of these objects depends on metadata about the number of columns in the data row. I can, pretty readily, write code that runs through a metadata record and populates a StackPanel dynamically, setting up the binding of all of the controls to properties in either the data or metadata. (A TextBox's Width might be bound to metadata, while its Text is bound to data.) But I can't even begin to figure out how to do something like this in Expression Blend. I can manually create all these controls, so that I have a set of controls that I can apply styles to and work out the visual design of the app, but it's really a pain to do this. I can write code that goes through my data model and emits XAML for all these controls, I suppose, and then copy and paste it. But I'm going to feel really stupid if it turns out there a way to do this sort of thing in Expression Blend and I've dropped back and punted because I'm too dim to figure out the right way to think of it. Is this enough information for someone to try formulating an answer?

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  • Javascript Namespace Help

    - by Jason
    Hi, I have a pretty big Javascript script with loads of global variables & functions in it. Then a piece of code that calls one function from this js file: myfunc(); Ok, now I have cloned this script and modified some functionality, all function prototypes and variables are named the same in both scripts. So now I have two scripts loaded and one call to myfunc(), now we have a clash because there are loads of global variables with the same names and two myfunc()s. What I want to do is wrap this cloned script in a namespace, so that I can modify the original call to: clone.myfunc() which will call the new function, but I also want myfunc() to just refer to the original script. In other words I can't touch the original script (no permissions) and I want to be able to use both the clone and the original at runtime. This is the script im cloning: http://pastebin.com/6KR5T3Ah Javascript namespaces seem quite tricky this seems a nice namespace method: var namespace = { foo: function() { } bar: function() { } } ... namespace.foo(); } However that requires using an object, and the script (as posted above) is humongous at nearly 4000 lines, too much to objectize I think? Anyone know a better solution to avoid namespace pollution, with one script I cant touch and one being a clone of that script. Just so I can call myfunc() and clone.myfunc() and all global variables will behave in their respected scope. It's either that, or I go through and modify everything to have unique names, which may take a lifetime This is a Mozilla addon if it helps context wise. Thanks.

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  • [C++] Trouble declaring and recognizing global functions

    - by Sarah
    I've created some mathematical functions that will be used in main() and by member functions in multiple host classes. I was thinking it would be easiest to make these math functions global in scope, but I'm not sure how to do this. I've currently put all the functions in a file called Rdraws.cpp, with the prototypes in Rdraws.h. Even with all the #includes and externs, I'm getting a "symbol not found" error at the first function call in main(). Here's what I have: // Rdraws.cpp #include <cstdlib> using namespace std; #include <cmath> #include "Rdraws.h" #include "rng.h" extern RNG rgen // this is the PRNG used in the simulation; global scope void rmultinom( double p_trans[], int numTrials, int numTrans, int numEachTrans[] ) { // function 1 def } void rmultinom( const double p_trans[], const int numTrials, int numTrans, int numEachTrans[]) { // function 2 def } int rbinom( int nTrials, double pLeaving ) { // function 3 def } // Rdraws.h #ifndef RDRAWS #define RDRAWS void rmultinom( double[], int, int, int[] ); void rmultinom( const double[], const int, int, int[] ); int rbinom( int, double ); #endif // main.cpp ... #include "Rdraws.h" ... extern void rmultinom(double p_trans[], int numTrials, int numTrans, int numEachTrans[]); extern void rmultinom(const double p_trans[], const int numTrials, int numTrans, int numEachTrans[]); extern int rbinom( int n, double p ); ... int main() { ... } I'm pretty new to programming. If there's a dramatically smarter way to do this, I'd love to know.

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  • Receiving "expected expression before" Error When Using A Struct

    - by Zach Dziura
    I'm in the process of creating a simple 2D game engine in C with a group of friends at school. I'd like to write this engine in an Object-Oriented way, using structs as classes, function pointers as methods, etc. To emulate standard OOP syntax, I created a create() function which allocates space in memory for the object. I'm in the process of testing it out, and I'm receiving an error. Here is my code for two files that I'm using to test: test.c: #include <stdio.h> int main() { typedef struct { int i; } Class; Class *test = (Class*) create(Class); test->i = 1; printf("The value of \"test\" is: %i\n", test->i); return 0; } utils.c: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include "utils.h" void* create(const void* class) { void *obj = (void*) malloc(sizeof(class)); if (obj == 0) { printf("Error allocating memory.\n"); return (int*) -1; } else { return obj; } } void destroy(void* object) { free(object); } The utils.h file simply holds prototypes for the create() and destroy() functions. When I execute gcc test.c utils.c -o test, I'm receiving this error message: test.c: In function 'main': test.c:10:32: error: expected expression before 'Class' I know it has something to do with my typedef at the beginning, and how I'm probably not using proper syntax. But I have no idea what that proper syntax is. Can anyone help?

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  • PulseAudio on Cygwin: Failed to create secure directory: Unknown error 13

    - by Nithin
    I am unable to run PulseAudio on Cygwin. Operating System: Windows 8 Pro 64 bit Cygwin Setup.exe Version: 2.831 (64 bit) PulseAudio Version: 2.1-1 When I run: pulseaudio -vv this is the output: D: [(null)] core-util.c: setpriority() worked. I: [(null)] core-util.c: Successfully gained nice level -11. I: [(null)] main.c: This is PulseAudio 2.1 D: [(null)] main.c: Compilation host: x86_64-unknown-cygwin D: [(null)] main.c: Compilation CFLAGS: -ggdb -O2 -pipe -fdebug-prefix-map=/usr/src/ports/pulseaudio/pulseaudio-2.1-1/build=/usr/src/debug/pulseaudio-2.1-1 -fdebug-prefix-map=/usr/src/ports/pulseaudio/pulseaudio-2.1-1/src/pulseaudio-2.1=/usr/src/debug/pulseaudio-2.1-1 -Wall -W -Wextra -Wno-long-long -Wvla -Wno-overlength-strings -Wunsafe-loop-optimizations -Wundef -Wformat=2 -Wlogical-op -Wsign-compare -Wformat-security -Wmissing-include-dirs -Wformat-nonliteral -Wpointer-arith -Winit-self -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wfloat-equal -Wmissing-prototypes -Wredundant-decls -Wmissing-declarations -Wmissing-noreturn -Wshadow -Wendif-labels -Wcast-align -Wstrict-aliasing -Wwrite-strings -Wno-unused-parameter -ffast-math -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fno-common -fdiagnostics-show-option D: [(null)] main.c: Running on host: CYGWIN_NT-6.2 x86_64 1.7.25(0.270/5/3) 2013-08-31 20:37 D: [(null)] main.c: Found 4 CPUs. I: [(null)] main.c: Page size is 65536 bytes D: [(null)] main.c: Compiled with Valgrind support: no D: [(null)] main.c: Running in valgrind mode: no D: [(null)] main.c: Running in VM: no D: [(null)] main.c: Optimized build: yes D: [(null)] main.c: FASTPATH defined, only fast path asserts disabled. I: [(null)] main.c: Machine ID is 5d8bd07cb924c67197184e42527f2603. E: [(null)] core-util.c: Failed to create secure directory: Unknown error 13 When I instead run pulseaudio -vv --start the output is this: E: [autospawn] core-util.c: Failed to create secure directory: Unknown error 13 W: [autospawn] lock-autospawn.c: Cannot access autospawn lock. E: [(null)] main.c: Failed to acquire autospawn lock When I ran strace pulseaudio -vv, the red-colored lines in the output were: 28 1637050 [main] pulseaudio 5104 fhandler_pty_slave::write: (669): pty output_mutex(0xBC) released 26 1637076 [main] pulseaudio 5104 write: 7 = write(2, 0x3FE171079, 7) 42 1637118 [main] pulseaudio 5104 fhandler_pty_slave::write: pty0, write(0x60003BB40, 51) 27 1637145 [main] pulseaudio 5104 fhandler_pty_slave::write: (654): pty output_mutex (0xBC): waiting -1 ms 23 1637168 [main] pulseaudio 5104 fhandler_pty_slave::write: (654): pty output_mutex: acquired Failed to create secure directory: Unknown error 13 21 1637189 [main] pulseaudio 5104 fhandler_pty_slave::write: (669): pty output_mutex(0xBC) released 29 1637218 [main] pulseaudio 5104 write: 51 = write(2, 0x60003BB40, 51) 46 1637264 [main] pulseaudio 5104 fhandler_pty_slave::write: pty0, write(0x3FE17106F, 4) 24 1637288 [main] pulseaudio 5104 fhandler_pty_slave::write: (654): pty output_mutex (0xBC): waiting -1 ms 24 1637312 [main] pulseaudio 5104 fhandler_pty_slave::write: (654): pty output_mutex: acquired Please can someone help me?

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  • Error installing scipy on Mountain Lion with Xcode 4.5.1

    - by Xster
    Environment: Mountain Lion 10.8.2, Xcode 4.5.1 command line tools, Python 2.7.3, virtualenv 1.8.2 and numpy 1.6.2 When installing scipy with pip install -e "git+https://github.com/scipy/scipy#egg=scipy-dev" on a fresh virtualenv. llvm-gcc: scipy/sparse/linalg/eigen/arpack/ARPACK/FWRAPPERS/veclib_cabi_c.c In file included from /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vecLib.h:43, from /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Headers/Accelerate.h:20, from scipy/sparse/linalg/eigen/arpack/ARPACK/FWRAPPERS/veclib_cabi_c.c:2: /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vfp.h:51:23: error: immintrin.h: No such file or directory In file included from /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vecLib.h:43, from /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Headers/Accelerate.h:20, from scipy/sparse/linalg/eigen/arpack/ARPACK/FWRAPPERS/veclib_cabi_c.c:2: /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vfp.h: In function ‘vceilf’: /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vfp.h:53: error: incompatible types in return /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vfp.h: In function ‘vfloorf’: /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vfp.h:54: error: incompatible types in return /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vfp.h: In function ‘vintf’: /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vfp.h:55: error: ‘_MM_FROUND_TRUNC’ undeclared (first use in this function) /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vfp.h:55: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vfp.h:55: error: for each function it appears in.) /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vfp.h:55: error: incompatible types in return /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vfp.h: In function ‘vnintf’: /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vfp.h:56: error: ‘_MM_FROUND_NINT’ undeclared (first use in this function) /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vfp.h:56: error: incompatible types in return In file included from /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vecLib.h:43, from /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Headers/Accelerate.h:20, from scipy/sparse/linalg/eigen/arpack/ARPACK/FWRAPPERS/veclib_cabi_c.c:2: /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vfp.h:51:23: error: immintrin.h: No such file or directory In file included from /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vecLib.h:43, from /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Headers/Accelerate.h:20, from scipy/sparse/linalg/eigen/arpack/ARPACK/FWRAPPERS/veclib_cabi_c.c:2: /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vfp.h: In function ‘vceilf’: /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vfp.h:53: error: incompatible types in return /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vfp.h: In function ‘vfloorf’: /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vfp.h:54: error: incompatible types in return /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vfp.h: In function ‘vintf’: /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vfp.h:55: error: ‘_MM_FROUND_TRUNC’ undeclared (first use in this function) /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vfp.h:55: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vfp.h:55: error: for each function it appears in.) /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vfp.h:55: error: incompatible types in return /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vfp.h: In function ‘vnintf’: /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vfp.h:56: error: ‘_MM_FROUND_NINT’ undeclared (first use in this function) /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/vfp.h:56: error: incompatible types in return error: Command "/usr/bin/llvm-gcc -fno-strict-aliasing -Os -w -pipe -march=core2 -msse4 -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Iscipy/sparse/linalg/eigen/arpack/ARPACK/SRC -I/Users/xiao/.virtualenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include -c scipy/sparse/linalg/eigen/arpack/ARPACK/FWRAPPERS/veclib_cabi_c.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.4-x86_64-2.7/scipy/sparse/linalg/eigen/arpack/ARPACK/FWRAPPERS/veclib_cabi_c.o" failed with exit status 1 Is it supposed to be looking for headers from my system frameworks? Is the development version of scipy no longer good for the latest version of Mountain Lion/Xcode?

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  • Start a software company offshore

    - by Mascarpone
    Hello Everybody, I own a small, very young, EU based (Italy) company, and among other things, we sell IT solutions. I have a degree in applied mathematics, and I mainly deal with user interfaces, embedded systems, automation and web applications. You can say that I'm an enlightened entrepreneur because I work only with open source software (OS, IDE, I release under BSD , ... everything is free as in freedom), I give high importance to post sales services and customer satisfaction, plus I think I'm the best boss someone could desire (LOL), as I have google in mind when I think about IT workers rights. But the most beautiful thing is that, although everybody advised us not to use open source, is that we are quite profitable!!! (for the sixth trimester in a row). Now I offshore most of the work to an Indian company. I divide the work in modules and I outsource the longer or more trivial ones. I spend a lot of time defining the specifications and I leave the hard work to them. Using productivity bonuses, a lot of prototypes and third-party audits I think that my software has reached a very good quality level. I would like to start my own software development company, in order to improve control over process and cut costs. Obviously I can't afford the cost of labor in the EU, so I thought about opening a company in Asia. What I need Is: 1) Cheap labor - I can afford to give productivity bonuses and higher than average wages and stay profitable just because labor is cheap. 2) Many talents - I need a good level of tertiary education, and a good number of graduates, so I can hire junior developers and train and teach them according to my needs and philosophies (e.g.: open source mind) 3) Good infrastructure - buildings, transport, internet, .... everything that a company might need. I thought about 3 possible candidates: 1) India - I already work with indian people, I know that they are realiable and speak a good english. Big cities are too expensive, but maybe a small city like lucknow http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucknow could suits my needs. 2) China - They say it's cheaper than India, but I everytime I worked with a chineese company the language was a big barrier. They work hard, are somewhat skilled and cheap but maybe it's a risky path. Plus I feel a little uncofortable with their lack of human rights. 3) Philippines - Same as china: cheaper than india, but maybe less educated. Where do you think it's the best place to start a software company? Any reading or book to advise? thank you very much

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  • Enable Automatic Code First Migrations On SQL Database in Azure Web Sites

    - by Steve Michelotti
    Now that Azure supports .NET Framework 4.5, you can use all the latest and greatest available features. A common scenario is to be able to use Entity Framework Code First Migrations with a SQL Database in Azure. Prior to Code First Migrations, Entity Framework provided database initializers. While convenient for demos and prototypes, database initializers weren’t useful for much beyond that because, if you delete and re-create your entire database when the schema changes, you lose all of your operational data. This is the void that Migrations are meant to fill. For example, if you add a column to your model, Migrations will alter the database to add the column rather than blowing away the entire database and re-creating it from scratch. Azure is becoming increasingly easier to use – especially with features like Azure Web Sites. Being able to use Entity Framework Migrations in Azure makes deployment easier than ever. In this blog post, I’ll walk through enabling Automatic Code First Migrations on Azure. I’ll use the Simple Membership provider for my example. First, we’ll create a new Azure Web site called “migrationstest” including creating a new SQL Database along with it:   Next we’ll go to the web site and download the publish profile:   In the meantime, we’ve created a new MVC 4 website in Visual Studio 2012 using the “Internet Application” template. This template is automatically configured to use the Simple Membership provider. We’ll do our initial Publish to Azure by right-clicking our project and selecting “Publish…”. From the “Publish Web” dialog, we’ll import the publish profile that we downloaded in the previous step:   Once the site is published, we’ll just click the “Register” link from the default site. Since the AccountController is decorated with the [InitializeSimpleMembership] attribute, the initializer will be called and the initial database is created.   We can verify this by connecting to our SQL Database on Azure with SQL Management Studio (after making sure that our local IP address is added to the list of Allowed IP Addresses in Azure): One interesting note is that these tables got created with the default Entity Framework initializer – which is to create the database if it doesn’t already exist. However, our database did already exist! This is because there is a new feature of Entity Framework 5 where Code First will add tables to an existing database as long as the target database doesn’t contain any of the tables from the model. At this point, it’s time to enable Migrations. We’ll open the Package Manger Console and execute the command: PM> Enable-Migrations -EnableAutomaticMigrations This will enable automatic migrations for our project. Because we used the "-EnableAutomaticMigrations” switch, it will create our Configuration class with a constructor that sets the AutomaticMigrationsEnabled property set to true: 1: public Configuration() 2: { 3: AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true; 4: } We’ll now add our initial migration: PM> Add-Migration Initial This will create a migration class call “Initial” that contains the entire model. But we need to remove all of this code because our database already exists so we are just left with empty Up() and Down() methods. 1: public partial class Initial : DbMigration 2: { 3: public override void Up() 4: { 5: } 6: 7: public override void Down() 8: { 9: } 10: } If we don’t remove this code, we’ll get an exception the first time we attempt to run migrations that tells us: “There is already an object named 'UserProfile' in the database”. This blog post by Julie Lerman fully describes this scenario (i.e., enabling migrations on an existing database). Our next step is to add the Entity Framework initializer that will automatically use Migrations to update the database to the latest version. We will add these 2 lines of code to the Application_Start of the Global.asax: 1: Database.SetInitializer(new MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion<UsersContext, Configuration>()); 2: new UsersContext().Database.Initialize(false); Note the Initialize() call will force the initializer to run if it has not been run before. At this point, we can publish again to make sure everything is still working as we are expecting. This time we’re going to specify in our publish profile that Code First Migrations should be executed:   Once we have re-published we can once again navigate to the Register page. At this point the database has not been changed but Migrations is now enabled on our SQL Database in Azure. We can now customize our model. Let’s add 2 new properties to the UserProfile class – Email and DateOfBirth: 1: [Table("UserProfile")] 2: public class UserProfile 3: { 4: [Key] 5: [DatabaseGeneratedAttribute(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity)] 6: public int UserId { get; set; } 7: public string UserName { get; set; } 8: public string Email { get; set; } 9: public DateTime DateOfBirth { get; set; } 10: } At this point all we need to do is simply re-publish. We’ll once again navigate to the Registration page and, because we had Automatic Migrations enabled, the database has been altered (*not* recreated) to add our 2 new columns. We can verify this by once again looking at SQL Management Studio:   Automatic Migrations provide a quick and easy way to keep your database in sync with your model without the worry of having to re-create your entire database and lose data. With Azure Web Sites you can set up automatic deployment with Git or TFS and automate the entire process to make it dead simple.

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