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  • FTP upload via sockets

    - by java2009
    Hello, how can I upload a file with sockets to a ftp server? I am reading something with "STOR" in RFC...It is the same how i transfer a file between two computers?A sample code would be helpfuly...thanks

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  • Router Alert options on IGMPv2 packets

    - by Scakko
    I'm trying to forge an IGMPv2 Membership Request packet and send it on a RAW socket. The RFC 3376 states: IGMP messages are encapsulated in IPv4 datagrams, with an IP protocol number of 2. Every IGMP message described in this document is sent with an IP Time-to-Live of 1, IP Precedence of Internetwork Control (e.g., Type of Service 0xc0), and carries an IP Router Alert option [RFC-2113] in its IP header So the IP_ROUTER_ALERT flag must be set. I'm trying to forge the strict necessary of the packet (e.g. only the IGMP header & payload), so i'm using the setsockopt to edit the IP options. some useful variables: #define C_IP_MULTICAST_TTL 1 #define C_IP_ROUTER_ALERT 1 int sockfd = 0; int ecsockopt = 0; int bytes_num = 0; int ip_multicast_ttl = C_IP_MULTICAST_TTL; int ip_router_alert = C_IP_ROUTER_ALERT; Here's how I open the RAW socket: sock_domain = AF_INET; sock_type = SOCK_RAW; sock_proto = IPPROTO_IGMP; if ((ecsockopt = socket(sock_domain,sock_type,sock_proto)) < 0) { printf("Error %d: Can't open socket.\n", errno); return 1; } else { printf("** Socket opened.\n"); } sockfd = ecsockopt; Then I set the TTL and Router Alert option: // Set the sent packets TTL if((ecsockopt = setsockopt(sockfd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &ip_multicast_ttl, sizeof(ip_multicast_ttl))) < 0) { printf("Error %d: Can't set TTL.\n", ecsockopt); return 1; } else { printf("** TTL set.\n"); } // Set the Router Alert if((ecsockopt = setsockopt(sockfd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ROUTER_ALERT, &ip_router_alert, sizeof(ip_router_alert))) < 0) { printf("Error %d: Can't set Router Alert.\n", ecsockopt); return 1; } else { printf("** Router Alert set.\n"); } The setsockopt of IP_ROUTER_ALERT returns 0. After forging the packet, i send it with sendto in this way: // Send the packet if((bytes_num = sendto(sockfd, packet, packet_size, 0, (struct sockaddr*) &mgroup1_addr, sizeof(mgroup1_addr))) < 0) { printf("Error %d: Can't send Membership report message.\n", bytes_num); return 1; } else { printf("** Membership report message sent. (bytes=%d)\n",bytes_num); } The packet is sent, but the IP_ROUTER_ALERT option (checked with wireshark) is missing. Am i doing something wrong? is there some other methods to set the IP_ROUTER_ALERT option? Thanks in advance.

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  • Is there a standard way to run a x509 key server?

    - by chotchki
    Does anyone know of a project / product that has standardized how to access/download x509/SSL certificates over HTTP? I have seen RFC 4387 but haven't found anyone who implements it. Basically, I am trying to setup a key server for an internal application. So short of implementing my own, does anyone have any suggestions?

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  • OpenSwan IPSec phase #2 complications

    - by XXL
    Phase #1 (IKE) succeeds without any problems (verified at the target host). Phase #2 (IPSec), however, is erroneous at some point (apparently due to misconfiguration on localhost). This should be an IPSec-only connection. I am using OpenSwan on Debian. The error log reads the following (the actual IP-addr. of the remote endpoint has been modified): pluto[30868]: "x" #2: initiating Quick Mode PSK+ENCRYPT+PFS+UP+IKEv2ALLOW+SAREFTRACK {using isakmp#1 msgid:5ece82ee proposal=AES(12)_256-SHA1(2)_160 pfsgroup=OAKLEY_GROUP_DH22} pluto[30868]: "x" #1: ignoring informational payload, type NO_PROPOSAL_CHOSEN msgid=00000000 pluto[30868]: "x" #1: received and ignored informational message pluto[30868]: "x" #1: the peer proposed: 0.0.0.0/0:0/0 - 0.0.0.0/0:0/0 pluto[30868]: "x" #3: responding to Quick Mode proposal {msgid:a4f5a81c} pluto[30868]: "x" #3: us: 192.168.1.76<192.168.1.76[+S=C] pluto[30868]: "x" #3: them: 222.222.222.222<222.222.222.222[+S=C]===10.196.0.0/17 pluto[30868]: "x" #3: transition from state STATE_QUICK_R0 to state STATE_QUICK_R1 pluto[30868]: "x" #3: STATE_QUICK_R1: sent QR1, inbound IPsec SA installed, expecting QI2 pluto[30868]: "x" #1: ignoring informational payload, type NO_PROPOSAL_CHOSEN msgid=00000000 pluto[30868]: "x" #1: received and ignored informational message pluto[30868]: "x" #3: next payload type of ISAKMP Hash Payload has an unknown value: 97 X pluto[30868]: "x" #3: malformed payload in packet pluto[30868]: | payload malformed after IV I am behind NAT and this is all coming from wlan2. Here are the details: default via 192.168.1.254 dev wlan2 proto static 169.254.0.0/16 dev wlan2 scope link metric 1000 192.168.1.0/24 dev wlan2 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.76 metric 2 Output of ipsec verify: Checking your system to see if IPsec got installed and started correctly: Version check and ipsec on-path [OK] Linux Openswan U2.6.37/K3.2.0-24-generic (netkey) Checking for IPsec support in kernel [OK] SAref kernel support [N/A] NETKEY: Testing XFRM related proc values [OK] [OK] [OK] Checking that pluto is running [OK] Pluto listening for IKE on udp 500 [OK] Pluto listening for NAT-T on udp 4500 [OK] Two or more interfaces found, checking IP forwarding [OK] Checking NAT and MASQUERADEing [OK] Checking for 'ip' command [OK] Checking /bin/sh is not /bin/dash [WARNING] Checking for 'iptables' command [OK] Opportunistic Encryption Support [DISABLED] This is what happens when I run ipsec auto --up x: 104 "x" #1: STATE_MAIN_I1: initiate 003 "x" #1: received Vendor ID payload [RFC 3947] method set to=109 106 "x" #1: STATE_MAIN_I2: sent MI2, expecting MR2 003 "x" #1: received Vendor ID payload [Cisco-Unity] 003 "x" #1: received Vendor ID payload [Dead Peer Detection] 003 "x" #1: ignoring unknown Vendor ID payload [502099ff84bd4373039074cf56649aad] 003 "x" #1: received Vendor ID payload [XAUTH] 003 "x" #1: NAT-Traversal: Result using RFC 3947 (NAT-Traversal): i am NATed 108 "x" #1: STATE_MAIN_I3: sent MI3, expecting MR3 004 "x" #1: STATE_MAIN_I4: ISAKMP SA established {auth=OAKLEY_PRESHARED_KEY cipher=aes_128 prf=oakley_sha group=modp1024} 117 "x" #2: STATE_QUICK_I1: initiate 010 "x" #2: STATE_QUICK_I1: retransmission; will wait 20s for response 010 "x" #2: STATE_QUICK_I1: retransmission; will wait 40s for response 031 "x" #2: max number of retransmissions (2) reached STATE_QUICK_I1. No acceptable response to our first Quick Mode message: perhaps peer likes no proposal 000 "x" #2: starting keying attempt 2 of at most 3, but releasing whack I have enabled NAT traversal in ipsec.conf accordingly. Here are the settings relative to the connection in question: version 2.0 config setup plutoopts="--perpeerlog" plutoopts="--interface=wlan2" dumpdir=/var/run/pluto/ nat_traversal=yes virtual_private=%v4:10.0.0.0/8,%v4:192.168.0.0/16,%v4:172.16.0.0/12 oe=off protostack=netkey conn x authby=secret pfs=yes auto=add phase2alg=aes256-sha1;dh22 keyingtries=3 ikelifetime=8h type=transport left=192.168.1.76 leftsubnet=192.168.1.0/24 leftprotoport=0/0 right=222.222.222.222 rightsubnet=10.196.0.0/17 rightprotoport=0/0 Here are the specs provided by the other end that must be met for Phase #2: encryption algorithm: AES (128 or 256 bit) hash algorithm: SHA local ident1 (addr/mask/prot/port): (10.196.0.0/255.255.128.0/0/0) local ident2 (addr/mask/prot/port): (10.241.0.0/255.255.0.0/0/0) remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (x.x.x.x/x.x.x.x/0/0) (internal network or localhost) Security association lifetime: 4608000 kilobytes/3600 seconds PFS: DH group2 So, finally, what might be the cause of the issue that I am experiencing? Thank you.

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  • Setting up VPN client: L2TP with IPsec

    - by zachar
    I've got to connect to vpn server. It works on Windows, but in Ubuntu 10.04 not. Number of options is confusing for me. There is the input that I have: IP Address of VPN Pre-shared key to authenticate Information that MS-CHAPv2 is used Login and Password to VPN I was trying to achive that with network manager and with L2TP IPsec VPN Manager 1.0.9 but at failed. There is some logged information from L2TP IPsec VPN Manager 1.0.9: Nov 09 15:21:46.854 ipsec_setup: Stopping Openswan IPsec... Nov 09 15:21:48.088 Stopping xl2tpd: xl2tpd. Nov 09 15:21:48.132 ipsec_setup: Starting Openswan IPsec U2.6.23/K2.6.32-49-generic... Nov 09 15:21:48.308 ipsec__plutorun: Starting Pluto subsystem... Nov 09 15:21:48.318 ipsec__plutorun: adjusting ipsec.d to /etc/ipsec.d Nov 09 15:21:48.338 ipsec__plutorun: 002 added connection description "my_vpn_name" Nov 09 15:21:48.348 ipsec__plutorun: 003 NAT-Traversal: Trying new style NAT-T Nov 09 15:21:48.348 ipsec__plutorun: 003 NAT-Traversal: ESPINUDP(1) setup failed for new style NAT-T family IPv4 (errno=19) Nov 09 15:21:48.349 ipsec__plutorun: 003 NAT-Traversal: Trying old style NAT-T Nov 09 15:21:48.994 104 "my_vpn_name" #1: STATE_MAIN_I1: initiate Nov 09 15:21:48.994 003 "my_vpn_name" #1: received Vendor ID payload [RFC 3947] method set to=109 Nov 09 15:21:48.994 003 "my_vpn_name" #1: received Vendor ID payload [Dead Peer Detection] Nov 09 15:21:48.994 106 "my_vpn_name" #1: STATE_MAIN_I2: sent MI2, expecting MR2 Nov 09 15:21:48.994 003 "my_vpn_name" #1: NAT-Traversal: Result using RFC 3947 (NAT-Traversal): i am NATed Nov 09 15:21:48.994 108 "my_vpn_name" #1: STATE_MAIN_I3: sent MI3, expecting MR3 Nov 09 15:21:48.994 004 "my_vpn_name" #1: STATE_MAIN_I4: ISAKMP SA established {auth=OAKLEY_PRESHARED_KEY cipher=oakley_3des_cbc_192 prf=oakley_sha group=modp1024} Nov 09 15:21:48.995 117 "my_vpn_name" #2: STATE_QUICK_I1: initiate Nov 09 15:21:48.995 004 "my_vpn_name" #2: STATE_QUICK_I2: sent QI2, IPsec SA established transport mode {ESP=>0x0c96795d <0x483e1a42 xfrm=AES_128-HMAC_SHA1 NATOA=none NATD=none DPD=none} Nov 09 15:21:49.996 [ERROR 210] Failed to open l2tp control file 'c my_vpn_name' and from syslog: Nov 9 15:21:46 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Opening client connection Nov 9 15:21:46 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Executing command ipsec setup stop Nov 9 15:21:46 o99 ipsec_setup: Stopping Openswan IPsec... Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 kernel: [ 4350.245171] NET: Unregistered protocol family 15 Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 ipsec_setup: ...Openswan IPsec stopped Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Command ipsec setup stop finished with exit code 0 Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Executing command invoke-rc.d xl2tpd stop Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Command invoke-rc.d xl2tpd stop finished with exit code 0 Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Opening client connection Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Closing client connection Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Executing command ipsec setup start Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 kernel: [ 4350.312483] NET: Registered protocol family 15 Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 ipsec_setup: Starting Openswan IPsec U2.6.23/K2.6.32-49-generic... Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 ipsec_setup: Using NETKEY(XFRM) stack Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 kernel: [ 4350.410774] Initializing XFRM netlink socket Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 kernel: [ 4350.413601] padlock: VIA PadLock not detected. Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 kernel: [ 4350.427311] padlock: VIA PadLock Hash Engine not detected. Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 kernel: [ 4350.441533] padlock: VIA PadLock not detected. Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 ipsec_setup: ...Openswan IPsec started Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Command ipsec setup start finished with exit code 0 Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Executing command invoke-rc.d xl2tpd start Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 ipsec__plutorun: adjusting ipsec.d to /etc/ipsec.d Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 pluto: adjusting ipsec.d to /etc/ipsec.d Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Command invoke-rc.d xl2tpd start finished with exit code 0 Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 ipsec__plutorun: 002 added connection description "my_vpn_name" Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Executing command ipsec auto --ready Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 ipsec__plutorun: 003 NAT-Traversal: Trying new style NAT-T Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 ipsec__plutorun: 003 NAT-Traversal: ESPINUDP(1) setup failed for new style NAT-T family IPv4 (errno=19) Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 ipsec__plutorun: 003 NAT-Traversal: Trying old style NAT-T Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Command ipsec auto --ready finished with exit code 0 Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Executing command ipsec auto --up my_vpn_name Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Command ipsec auto --up my_vpn_name finished with exit code 0 Nov 9 15:21:49 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Closing client connection Can anyone tell me something more about that? Where is the mistake?

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  • How to use Public IP in case of two ISP when two differs from each other

    - by user1471995
    Please bare with my long explanation but this is important to explain the actual problem. Please also pardon my knowledge with PFsense as i am new to this. I have single PFSense box with 3 Ethernet adapter. Before moving to configuration for these, i want to let you know i have two Ethernet based Internet Leased Line Connectivity let's call them ISP A and ISP B. Then last inetrface is LAN which is connected to network switch. Typical network diagram ISP A ----- PFSense ----> Switch ---- > Servers ISP B ----- ISP A (Initially Purchased) WAN IP:- 113.193.X.X /29 Gateway IP :- 113.193.X.A and other 4 usable public IP in same subnet(So the gateway for those IP are also same). ISP B (Recently Purchased) WAN IP:- 115.115.X.X /30 Gateway IP :- 115.115.X.B and other 5 usable public IP in different subnet(So the gateway for those IP is different), for example if 115.119.X.X2 is one of the IP from that list then the gateway for this IP is 115.119.X.X1. Configuration for 3 Interfaces Interface : WAN Network Port : nfe0 Type : Static IP Address : 113.193.X.X /29 Gateway : 113.193.X.A Interface : LAN Network Port : vr0 Type : Static IP Address : 192.168.1.1 /24 Gateway : None Interface : RELWAN Network Port : rl0 Type : Static IP Address : 115.115.X.X /30 (I am not sure of the subnet) Gateway : 115.115.X.B To use Public IP from ISP A i have done following steps a) Created Virtual IP using either ARP or IP Alias. b) Using Firewall: NAT: Port Forward i have created specific natting from one public IP to my internal Lan private IP for example :- WAN TCP/UDP * * 113.193.X.X1 53 (DNS) 192.168.1.5 53 (DNS) WAN TCP/UDP * * 113.193.X.X1 80 (HTTP) 192.168.1.5 80 (HTTP) WAN TCP * * 113.193.X.X2 80 (HTTP) 192.168.1.7 80 (HTTP) etc., c) Current state for Firewall: NAT: Outbound is Manual and whatever default rule are defined for the WAN those are only present. d) If this section in relevant then for Firewall: Rules at WAN tab then following default rule has been generated. * RFC 1918 networks * * * * * Block private networks * Reserved/not assigned by IANA * * * * * * To use Public IP from ISP B i have done following steps a) Created Virtual IP using either ARP or IP Alias. b) Using Firewall: NAT: Port Forward i have created specific natting from one public IP to my internal Lan private IP for example :- RELWAN TCP/UDP * * 115.119.116.X.X1 80 (HTTP) 192.168.1.11 80 (HTTP) c) Current state for Firewall: NAT: Outbound is Manual and whatever default rule are defined for the RELWAN those are only present. d) If this section in relevant then for Firewall: Rules at RELWAN tab then following default rule has been generated. * RFC 1918 networks * * * * * * Reserved/not assigned by IANA * * * * * * Last thing before my actual query is to make you aware that to have multiple Wan setup i have done following steps a) Under System: Gateways at Groups Tab i have created new group as following MultipleGateway WANGW, RELWAN Tier 2,Tier 1 Multiple Gateway Test b) Then Under Firewall: Rules at LAN tab i have created a rule for internal traffic as follows * LAN net * * * MultipleGateway none c) This setup works if unplug first ISP traffic start routing using ISP 2 and vice-versa. Now my main query and problem is i am not able to use public IP address allocated by ISP B, i have tried many small tweaks but not successful in anyone. The notable difference between the two ISP is a) In case of ISP A there Public usable IP address are on same subnet so the gateway used for the WAN ip is same for the other public IP address. b) In case of ISP B there public usable IP address are on different subnet so the obvious the gateway IP for them is different from WAN gateway's IP. Please let me know how to use ISP B public usable IP address, in future also i am going to rely for more IPs from ISP B only.

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  • SPF Failure sending sms message to sms.mycricket.com

    - by CodeGurl
    I built an asp.net application that sends text messages to our employees using carrier-provided email to SMS gateways. The people on Cricket (sms.mycricket.com) are the only ones that are bouncing with a return message like this: Unknown address error SPF FAILURE/Sender has no SPF records: SEE RFC 4408 - FROM check failed: Received: from unknown (HELO servername.domainname.com) ([ipaddress]) by .... with ESMTP/TLS/DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA; 14 Nov 2012 06:22:56 -0600 From my research it looks like we may need to setup something in DNS for the Sender Policy Framework. I'm not in the networking group so I don't know much about this. How can this be done? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sender_Policy_Framework

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  • Modify SonicWALL Global VPN Client Encrypted RCF

    - by PaulWaldman
    Presently rolling out VPN to access to a small office. I am using a SonicWALL TZ-170 running SonicOS Enhanced 3.4.1.0-2e. I've created an encrypted RCF file for the clients to import into the SonicWALL Global VPN Client. Is there a way to provide friendly names for the "Connection Name" and "HostName" in the RCF file? If I create an unencrypted RFC file I can easily modify these values. Is there anyway to modify them in an encrypted RCF file? Thanks.

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  • Mail server responds with Error 500 line too long

    - by mawimawi
    I am occasionally receiving error messages from mail servers with the above message. It seems that at least one line in the e-mail has more than 999 characters and therefore the e-mail is bounced. Is this "by design"? in an RFC? Or some weird pseudo-spam-filter? Or just a bad mailserver? I googled around a bit but did not find a competent answer. Hopefully one of you guys can enlighten me.

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  • How do I receive email sent to postmaster?

    - by jonescb
    I have a VPS server that I would like to get an SSL certificate for, and the CA needs an email address to verify that I own the domain. The options are: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], and an address to @whoisguard.com. The server runs CentOS 5, and all I have set up for email is sendmail. I don't have POP3 or IMAP. According to this Wikipedia article on Postmaster, it says that all SMTP servers support postmaster and it cites RFC 5321. Does sendmail conform to this? I tried sending a test mail to [email protected], but I don't know how to receive it on my server. Do I need to open up any ports? I haven't gotten a message back saying that my test mail failed to send, so my server must have gotten it.

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  • Log centralization, display, transport and aggregation at scale v2

    - by Eric DANNIELOU
    This is a duplicate question of Log transport and aggregation at scale and http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1737693/whats-the-best-practice-for-centralised-logging, but the answers might differ now : The softwares described in 2009 may have changed since (for example Octopussy evolved from version 0.9 to 1.0.5). Rsyslog has become the default on most linux distro. Requirements have changed (security, software configuration management, ...). I'd like to ask the following questions : How do you centralize, display and archive system logs? How would you like to do it now if you had to? Most linux distro use rsyslog nowadays, which can provide reliable log transport. But some older unices, network devices and maybe windows box still use old udp rfc-style transport. How did you manage to get reliable transport? Storing logs for a few months can represent a huge amount of disk space. How do you store them? rdbms? Compressed and encrypted text files?

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  • DNS servers via RA in IPv6

    - by glglgl
    Some time ago, RFC 6106 was created, which states how a router tells the clients about the DNS server to be used. It is a new standard, it has to be implemented, which needs time etc. I'm courious about the need for it: wouldn't have it been better to define a "globally valid" anycast address for DNS? Queries would be sent to this address and would be promoted along the default route until there is a host which claims to be responsible for it. In an enterprise network, that would be a central DNS server (or even more, on really big companies); in a SOHO network, it would either be the router or the DNS server of the ISP, in a root server hosting data center, it would be the DNS of the hoster, etc. What do I see wrong here? Do I have a wrong view of the anycast concept?

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  • Is Gmail Modifying Message Headers - SMTP

    - by iamrohitbanga
    I sent a mail from my machine relayed through a public mail server to my gmail account using smtp on telnet. now when i select show original on for that mail in my gmail account. I see several headers just before the body of my mail. X-TM-AS-Product-Ver: X-TM-AS-Result: X-imss-scan-details: X-TM-AS-User-Approved-Sender: X-TM-AS-User-Blocked-Sender: Are these headers being added by gmail or my mail server. How do I find out. Is this because of the process described in Section 3.8.1 of this rfc.

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  • What tools exist for generating "ASCII Tables", if any?

    - by Billy ONeal
    Consider a block like the following: +-----------------------------------+--------------------------+ | In Baseline | Not in Baseline | +---------------+===================================+==========================+ | In Parent # Do Not Report | Mark ACE as AlwaysReport | +---------------+-----------------------------------+--------------------------+ | Not In Parent # Iff parent depth > baseline depth | Report Always | +---------------+-----------------------------------+--------------------------+ I have seen tables like this used quite frequently. For instance, in Requests for Comments (RFC) documents, the standard format of the document is the text format. Another common case is embedding a small table like this into comments of source code. Are there tools which can take a quick and dirty representation of this in Excel, or possibly some textual format, and format it as a table like this?

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  • Confusion about HSRP Groups

    - by Kyle Brandt
    If I have a router that has several LANs on it, and each of these LAN is attached to a second router, do I need to use different HSRP groups for each LAN? With this set up, each virtual gateway will be on a Layer 2 segment. And within a router, no interface will have multiple gateways. So, For example: Router 1: F0/0: ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 standby ip 192.168.1.1 F2/0: ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0 standby ip 192.168.2.1 Router 2: F0/0: ip address 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0 standby ip 192.168.1.1 F2/0: ip address 192.168.2.3 255.255.255.0 standby ip 192.168.2.1 Will this work, or do I need standby 1 ip 192.168.2.1 on the F2/0 interfaces? Since according to the RFC, the group number of the packet is in the HSRP multicast packets, my guess is that I don't need different groups, and that multiple groups are only needed when they are all on the same Layer 2 segment. However, I haven't been able to find this setup....

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  • DHCP: server behavior in a two server situation

    - by lang2
    This is a question w.r.t server behavior in the DHCP standard. I've read the RFC and it's still not clear to me. Situation is this: There are two DHCP servers on a network. My client initially get IP address from server A. At some stage, server A goes down. My poor client is sending REQUEST in RENEW and then REBIND state, with no response whatsoever. My questions is: in this situation, should server B response to the REQUEST in REBIND state, e.g. DHCPNAK? Thanks, lang2

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  • How can i control how much Authority RRs a DNS answer returns ?

    - by Benoît
    Hello, i quite don't understand Authority RRs. Using dig to resolve some random A records, my caching DNS server sometimes also return Authority RRs and sometimes not. The number and the type of the returned Authority RRs also vary a lot. What does control whether Authority RRs are returned or not on a standard client query ? Is it a client or server setting ? What does control how many Authoriy RRs are returned ? What does control of the type of the Authority RRs records returned ? Sometimes it's multiple NS, sometimes it's a SOA. It's also often comes with Additional RRs of type A about the Authority RRs NS returned. I'm really looking for a RFC or kind of describing this. Thanks.

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  • Bypass spam check for Auth users in postfix

    - by magiza83
    I would like to know if there is any option to "FILTER" auth users in postfix. Let me explain me better, I have the amavis and dspam services between postfix(25) and postfix(10026) but I would like to avoid this check if the users are authenticated. postfix(25)->policyd(10031)->amavis(10024)->postfix(10025)->dspam(dspam.sock)->postfix(10026)--->cyrus | /|\ |________auth users______________________________________________________________| my conf is: main.cf ... smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_sasl_path = smtpd smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination, check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10040, reject_invalid_hostname, reject_rbl_client multi.uribl.com, reject_rbl_client dsn.rfc-ignorant.org, reject_rbl_client dul.dnsbl.sorbs.net, reject_rbl_client list.dsbl.org, reject_rbl_client sbl-xbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net, reject_rbl_client dnsbl.sorbs.net, reject_rbl_client cbl.abuseat.org, reject_rbl_client ix.dnsbl.manitu.net, reject_rbl_client combined.rbl.msrbl.net, reject_rbl_client rabl.nuclearelephant.com, check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10031, permit_mynetworks, reject ... I would like something like "FILTER smtp:localhost:10026" in case they are authenticated, because in my actual configuration i'm only avoiding policyd, but not amavis and dspam. Thanks.

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  • Why does a browser dialog come up when an xmlhttprequest sends the wrong / no auth?

    - by Kyle
    How come the major browsers all bring up a login dialog when an xmlhttprequest does auth wrong or doesn't send it? I mean isn't this poor UI? Now a days it seems like a lot of people try http auth in jQuery, because theoretically it is quite easy - until the user fails to enter the correct data and is presented with the browsers dialog, which gets in their way, and they might have no idea what to do with it or why it's there? I don't know too much about these low level browser specifications but can someone bring this up with the RFC or webkit/gecko developers? jQuery digest auth could be powerful and user friendly if this was fixed. ** It seems like apache could also fix the problem on their side by not sending the header, but whichever one is the most secure way of doing this would be nice.

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  • FreeBSD high load loopback interface

    - by user1740915
    I have a problem with a FreeBSD server. There is a FreeBSD 9.0 amd64, two network cards em1 (internet), em0 (local network) configured firewall ipfw, natd, squid (not transparent), the server acts as a gateway for access to the Internet. Next problem: upload via squid is very low. At this moment I see next: natd, dhcpd load the cpu at that time when uploading through squid and there are a lot of traffic through the loopback interface. ipfw show output 0100 655389684 36707144666 allow ip from any to any via lo0 00200 0 0 deny ip from any to 127.0.0.0/8 00300 0 0 deny ip from 127.0.0.0/8 to any 00400 0 0 deny ip from any to ::1 00500 0 0 deny ip from ::1 to any 00600 4 292 allow ipv6-icmp from :: to ff02::/16 00700 0 0 allow ipv6-icmp from fe80::/10 to fe80::/10 00800 1 76 allow ipv6-icmp from fe80::/10 to ff02::/16 00900 0 0 allow ipv6-icmp from any to any ip6 icmp6types 1 01000 0 0 allow ipv6-icmp from any to any ip6 icmp6types 2,135,136 01100 1615 76160 deny ip from 192.168.1.1 to any in via em1 01200 0 0 deny ip from 199.69.99.11 to any in via em0 01300 46652 3705426 deny ip from any to 172.16.0.0/12 via em1 01400 3936404 345618870 deny ip from any to 192.168.0.0/16 via em1 01500 4 336 deny ip from any to 0.0.0.0/8 via em1 01600 4129 387621 deny ip from any to 169.254.0.0/16 via em1 01700 0 0 deny ip from any to 192.0.2.0/24 via em1 01800 917566 33777571 deny ip from any to 224.0.0.0/4 via em1 01900 147872 22029252 deny ip from any to 240.0.0.0/4 via em1 02000 1132194739 1190981955947 divert 8668 ip4 from any to any via em1 02100 3 248 deny ip from 172.16.0.0/12 to any via em1 02200 35925 2281289 deny ip from 192.168.0.0/16 to any via em1 02300 1808 122494 deny ip from 0.0.0.0/8 to any via em1 02400 3 174 deny ip from 169.254.0.0/16 to any via em1 02500 0 0 deny ip from 192.0.2.0/24 to any via em1 02600 0 0 deny ip from 224.0.0.0/4 to any via em1 02700 0 0 deny ip from 240.0.0.0/4 to any via em1 02800 960156249 1095316736582 allow tcp from any to any established 02900 64236062 8243196577 allow ip from any to any frag 03000 34 1756 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 25 setup 03100 193 11580 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 53 setup 03200 63 4222 allow udp from any to me dst-port 53 03300 64 8350 allow udp from me 53 to any 03400 417 24140 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 80 setup 03500 211 10472 allow ip from any to me dst-port 3389 setup 05300 77 4488 allow ip from any to me dst-port 1723 setup 05400 3 156 allow ip from any to me dst-port 8443 setup 05500 9882 590596 allow tcp from any to me dst-port 22 setup 05600 1 60 allow ip from any to me dst-port 2000 setup 05700 0 0 allow ip from any to me dst-port 2201 setup 07400 4241779 216690096 deny log logamount 1000 ip4 from any to any in via em1 setup proto tcp 07500 21135656 1048824936 allow tcp from any to any setup 07600 474447 35298081 allow udp from me to any dst-port 53 keep-state 07700 532 40612 allow udp from me to any dst-port 123 keep-state 65535 1990638432 1122305322718 allow ip from any to any systat -ifstat when uploading via squid Load Average ||| Interface Traffic Peak Total tun0 in 79.507 KB/s 232.479 KB/s 42.314 GB out 2.022 MB/s 2.424 MB/s 59.662 GB lo0 in 4.450 MB/s 4.450 MB/s 43.723 GB out 4.450 MB/s 4.450 MB/s 43.723 GB em1 in 2.629 MB/s 2.982 MB/s 464.533 GB out 2.493 MB/s 2.875 MB/s 484.673 GB em0 in 240.458 KB/s 296.941 KB/s 442.368 GB out 512.508 KB/s 850.857 KB/s 416.122 GB top output PID USERNAME THR PRI NICE SIZE RES STATE C TIME WCPU COMMAND 66885 root 1 92 0 26672K 2784K CPU3 3 528:43 65.48% natd 9160 dhcpd 1 45 0 31032K 9280K CPU1 1 7:40 32.96% dhcpd 66455 root 1 20 0 18344K 2856K select 1 119:27 1.37% openvpn 16043 squid 1 20 0 44404K 17884K kqread 2 0:22 0.29% squid squid.conf cat /usr/local/etc/squid/squid.conf # # Recommended minimum configuration: # acl manager proto cache_object acl localhost src 127.0.0.1/32 ::1 acl to_localhost dst 127.0.0.0/8 0.0.0.0/32 ::1 # Example rule allowing access from your local networks. # Adapt to list your (internal) IP networks from where browsing # should be allowed acl localnet src 10.0.0.0/8 # RFC1918 possible internal network acl localnet src 172.16.0.0/12 # RFC1918 possible internal network acl localnet src 192.168.0.0/16 # RFC1918 possible internal network acl localnet src fc00::/7 # RFC 4193 local private network range acl localnet src fe80::/10 # RFC 4291 link-local (directly plugged) machines acl SSL_ports port 443 acl Safe_ports port 80 # http acl Safe_ports port 21 # ftp acl Safe_ports port 443 # https acl Safe_ports port 70 # gopher acl Safe_ports port 210 # wais acl Safe_ports port 1025-65535 # unregistered ports acl Safe_ports port 280 # http-mgmt acl Safe_ports port 488 # gss-http acl Safe_ports port 591 # filemaker acl Safe_ports port 777 # multiling http acl CONNECT method CONNECT # # Recommended minimum Access Permission configuration: # # Only allow cachemgr access from localhost http_access allow manager localhost http_access deny manager # Deny requests to certain unsafe ports http_access deny !Safe_ports # Deny CONNECT to other than secure SSL ports http_access deny CONNECT !SSL_ports # We strongly recommend the following be uncommented to protect innocent # web applications running on the proxy server who think the only # one who can access services on "localhost" is a local user http_access deny to_localhost # # INSERT YOUR OWN RULE(S) HERE TO ALLOW ACCESS FROM YOUR CLIENTS # # Example rule allowing access from your local networks. # Adapt localnet in the ACL section to list your (internal) IP networks # from where browsing should be allowed http_access allow localnet http_access allow localhost # And finally deny all other access to this proxy http_access deny all # Squid normally listens to port 3128 http_port 192.168.1.1:3128 # Uncomment and adjust the following to add a disk cache directory. #cache_dir ufs /var/squid/cache 100 16 256 # Leave coredumps in the first cache dir coredump_dir /var/squid/cache I understand that the traffic passes through the SQUID several times. But can not find why.

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  • SPF include: too many IP addresses

    - by sprezzatura
    I've hit a snag with SPF. The SPF record for my domain will contain four or five entries, plus it will contain: include:sgizmo.com The SPF record for sgizmo.com contains eleven entries! This, plus mine, is way over the maximum ten allowed by the RFC (and probably by most servers). I realize that there has to be a limit in order to prevent DoS attacks. However, in the real world, it is probably not unreasonable for large companies to have many server addresses. Furthermore, must I know monitor my 'include:' counterparts for changes and additions? Must I check weekly, daily, to insure that some combination of changes doesn't suddenly put me over the top? It doesn't seem to me that SPF is suitable for prime time. Is there another way to do this?

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  • why do Vagrant docs suggest using public IP address 33.33.33.10 for local VMs?

    - by Gert
    I'm following a tutorial to set up vagrant (a tool to build and configure portable virtual machine images), and it seems that vagrant documentation suggests using IPv4 address 33.33.33.10 to configure a new box. That is a publicly routed IP adress, so I'm a bit confused why using this address is suggested. Since I don't own this network, I should not use an address from the 33.33.33.10/8 range. Am I correct in thinking that I should only use either a public address from a network I own, or an address from one of the private ranges as defined in RFC 1918? If so, why does Vagrant documentation suggest otherwise?

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  • I added some options to stop spam with Postfix, but now won't send email to remote domains

    - by willdanceforfun
    I had a working Postfix server, but added a few lines to my main.cf in a hope to block some common spam. Those lines I added were: smtpd_helo_required = yes smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_invalid_hostname, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination, reject_rbl_client multi.uribl.com, reject_rbl_client dsn.rfc-ignorant.org, reject_rbl_client dul.dnsbl.sorbs.net, reject_rbl_client list.dsbl.org, reject_rbl_client sbl-xbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net, reject_rbl_client dnsbl.sorbs.net, reject_rbl_client cbl.abuseat.org, reject_rbl_client ix.dnsbl.manitu.net, reject_rbl_client combined.rbl.msrbl.net, reject_rbl_client rabl.nuclearelephant.com, permit It appears my postfix is now receiving normal emails fine, and blocking spam emails. But when I now try to use this server myself to send to a remote domain (an email not on my server) I get bounced, with maillog saying something like this: Nov 12 06:19:36 srv postfix/smtpd[11756]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from unknown[xx.xx.x.xxx]: 450 4.1.2 <[email protected]>: Recipient address rejected: Domain not found; from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<[192.168.1.100]> Is that saying 'domain not found' for gmail.com? Why is that recipient address rejected? An output of my postconf-n is: alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix data_directory = /var/lib/postfix debug_peer_level = 2 html_directory = no inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = all mail_owner = postfix mailbox_size_limit = 0 mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix manpage_directory = /usr/share/man mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain mydomain = primarydomain.net myhostname = mail.primarydomain.net myorigin = $myhostname newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/README_FILES relay_domains = $mydestination, primarydomain.net, secondarydomain.org sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/samples sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix setgid_group = postdrop smtpd_client_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated smtpd_helo_required = yes smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_invalid_hostname, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination, reject_rbl_client multi.uribl.com, reject_rbl_client dsn.rfc-ignorant.org, reject_rbl_client dul.dnsbl.sorbs.net, reject_rbl_client list.dsbl.org, reject_rbl_client sbl-xbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net, reject_rbl_client dnsbl.sorbs.net, reject_rbl_client cbl.abuseat.org, reject_rbl_client ix.dnsbl.manitu.net, reject_rbl_client combined.rbl.msrbl.net, reject_rbl_client rabl.nuclearelephant.com, permit smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sender_restrictions = reject_unknown_sender_domain soft_bounce = no unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 virtual_alias_domains = mail.secondarydomain.org virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual Any insight greatly appreciated. Edit: here is the dig mx gmail.com from the server: ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.4 <<>> mx gmail.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 31766 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 5, AUTHORITY: 4, ADDITIONAL: 14 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;gmail.com. IN MX ;; ANSWER SECTION: gmail.com. 1207 IN MX 5 gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. gmail.com. 1207 IN MX 30 alt3.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. gmail.com. 1207 IN MX 20 alt2.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. gmail.com. 1207 IN MX 40 alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. gmail.com. 1207 IN MX 10 alt1.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: gmail.com. 109168 IN NS ns1.google.com. gmail.com. 109168 IN NS ns4.google.com. gmail.com. 109168 IN NS ns3.google.com. gmail.com. 109168 IN NS ns2.google.com. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: alt1.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. 207 IN A 173.194.70.27 alt1.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. 248 IN AAAA 2a00:1450:4001:c02::1b gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. 200 IN A 173.194.67.26 gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. 248 IN AAAA 2a00:1450:400c:c05::1b alt3.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. 207 IN A 74.125.143.27 alt3.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. 249 IN AAAA 2a00:1450:400c:c05::1b alt2.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. 207 IN A 173.194.69.27 alt2.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. 248 IN AAAA 2a00:1450:4008:c01::1b alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. 207 IN A 173.194.79.27 alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. 249 IN AAAA 2607:f8b0:400e:c01::1a ns2.google.com. 281970 IN A 216.239.34.10 ns3.google.com. 281970 IN A 216.239.36.10 ns4.google.com. 281970 IN A 216.239.38.10 ns1.google.com. 281970 IN A 216.239.32.10

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  • Meaning of tcp_delack_min

    - by Phi
    Hi, the current Linux Kernel (e.g. 2.6.36) uses Delayed Acknowledgments (delack). In /include/net/tcp.h it says: define TCP_DELACK_MIN ((unsigned)(HZ/25)) So, for a Kernel using a HZ value of 1000, an ACK should be delayed by a minimum of 40 ms. However, RFC 2581 says a TCP implementation should acknowledge every second full sized segment without further delay. Does anybody know whether the Linux Kernel follows that 'should' or whether the TCP_DELACK_MIN value means that even after a full sized segment was received, the ACK continues to be delayed until 40 ms have passed?

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