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  • Monitoring an audio line.

    - by Stefan Liebenberg
    I need to monitor my audio line-in in linux, and in the event that audio is played, the sound must be recorded and saved to a file. Similiar to how motion monitors the video feed. Is it possible to do this with bash? something along the lines of: #!/bin/bash # audio device device=/dev/audio-line-in # below this threshold audio will not be recorded. noise_threshold=10 # folder where recordings are stored storage_folder=~/recordings # run indefenitly, until Ctrl-C is pressed while true; do # noise_level() represents a function to determine # the noise level from device if noise_level( $device ) > $noise_threshold; then # stream from device to file, can be encoded to mp3 later. cat $device > $storage_folder/`date`.raw fi; done;

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  • What is the representation of the mac command key in the terminal?

    - by freethinker
    Like control key is represented by a '^' in the terminal, what is the equivalent for the command key (mac)? I am trying to remap my bash shortcuts using stty For eg stty eof ^D But instead of control, I want to use the command key. EDIT: Okay so the issue I was trying to solve was that I wanted to interchange command and control keys because I work on osx and linux and the different key combinations cause me a lot of pain. So I interchanged the modifier keys using osx preferences. But now all the bash shortcuts like Ctrl+C etc had become equivalent of using the key sequences 'cmd+c' - which is not acceptable. Thankfully iTerm2, supports remapping of modifier keys as well, so for iterm2 I reversed them again which means iTerm2 recognizes command as command and control as control. So problem solved for now.

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  • how to get files as they are added to a remote server

    - by Jordan
    I am using a bash script (below) on a remote server (so far using ssh to connect) to execute a python script that downloads a lot of pdf files one at a time (getting the download locations from a text file with the URL's) in a loop. I would like to move the files from the remote server to my local computer as they are downloaded, and then delete the file from the remote server. Is there a way that I can expand my bash script to do this? Or are there alternatives for completing this task? while read line; do python python_script.py -l $line; done < pdfURLs.txt

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  • How do I make a symlink to every directory in the current directory that has the same name but has u

    - by Jason Baker
    For instance, I suppose I have a directory that contains the following folders foo_bar baz What I would like to have is a bash command that will make a symlink foo-bar to foo_bar so it would look like this: foo-bar foo_bar baz I'm pretty sure I can write a Python script to do this, but I'm curious if there's a way to do this with bash. Here's where I'm stuck: ls -1 | grep _ | xargs -I {} ln -s {} `{} | sed 's/_/-/'` What I'm trying to do is run the command ln -s with the first argument being the directory name and the second argument being that name passed through sed s/_/-/. Is there another way to do this?

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  • How do I change my current directory from a python script?

    - by misterloogs
    I'm trying to implement my own version of the 'cd' command that presents the user with a list of hard-coded directories to choose from, and the user has to enter a number corresponding to an entry in the list. The program, named my_cd.py for now, should then effectively 'cd' the user to the chosen directory. Example of how this should work: /some/directory $ my_cd.py 1) ~ 2) /bin/ 3) /usr Enter menu selection, or q to quit: 2 /bin $ Currently, I'm trying to 'cd' using os.chdir('dir'). However, this doesn't work, probably because my_cd.py is kicked off in its own child process. I tried wrapping the call to my_cd.py in a sourced bash script named my_cd.sh: #! /bin/bash function my_cd() { /path/to/my_cd.py } /some/directory $ . my_cd.sh $ my_cd ... shows list of dirs, but doesn't 'cd' in the interactive shell Any ideas on how I can get this to work? Is it possible to change my interactive shell's current directory from a python script?

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  • How to properly match the following message id format in a case statement

    - by hsatterwhite
    I'm trying to get this regex pattern working in a case statement to match a particular type of ID, which could be passed to the script. I need to match the exact number of alphanumeric characters with the dashes to differentiate this message id from anything else, which may be passed to this bash script. An example of the message id format: c7c3e910-c9d2-71e1-0999-0aec446b0000 #!/bin/bash until [ -z "$1" ] do case "$1" in "") echo "No value passed" ;; [a-z0-9]\{8\}-[a-z0-9]\{4\}-[a-z0-9]\{4\}-[a-z0-9]\{4\}-[a-z0-9]\{12\}) echo "Found message ID: $1" ;; *) echo "Server $1" ;; esac shift done

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  • tools for creating user-friendly command-line prompt?

    - by davka
    I notice that some programs (e.g. sqlite, mysql client) provide a command-line prompt that is very similar in capabilities to the bash's, including: line editing with left and right arrows, delete, insert, ^K, etc. history browsing with up and down arrows ^R for reverse i-search in command history which make me think that they are using the same toolset for this. I'd like to create a prompt with similar capabilities in my program, which tools can I use? I prefer it to have the same functionality as in bash, so that the users would be familiar with it.

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  • I need to pad IP addresses with Zeroes for each octet

    - by Felipe Alvarez
    Starting with a string of an unspecified length, I need to make it exactly 43 characters long (front-padded with zeroes). It is going to contain IP addresses and port numbers. Something like: ### BEFORE # Unfortunately includes ':' colon 66.35.205.123.80-137.30.123.78.52172: ### AFTER # Colon removed. # Digits padded to three (3) and five (5) # characters (for IP address and port numbers, respectively) 066.035.05.123.00080-137.030.123.078.52172 This is similar to the output produced by tcpflow. Programming in Bash. I can provide copy of script if required. If it's at all possible, it would be nice to use a bash built-in, for speed. Is printf suitable for this type of thing?

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  • Changing the contents of a file with sed in Solaris 10

    - by ubersol
    Hello, I have a bash script that I want to change all occurrences of jdk1.5.0_14 with jdk1.6.0_20 in a file I have the following piece of code : #!/bin/bash myvar="jdk1.6.0_20" sed "s/jdk1.*/$myvar/g" answer_file.1 > answer_file.2 However I have the following information in answer_file.1 (pasting the relevant part): JDKSelection.directory.JDK_LIST=/usr/jdk/jdk1.5.0_14 (v. 1.5.0_14 by Sun Microsystems Inc.) JDKSelection.directory.HIDDEN_JDK=/usr/jdk/jdk1.5.0_14 The code above changes the occurence of jdk1.5.0_14 to jdk1.6.0_20 but also removes the information contained in paranthesis in the first line. So after the change, I need the answer_file.2 file look like this: JDKSelection.directory.JDK_LIST=/usr/jdk/jdk1.6.0_20 (v. 1.6.0_20 by Sun Microsystems Inc.) JDKSelection.directory.HIDDEN_JDK=/usr/jdk/jdk1.6.0_20 How can I achieve this? Thanks for your answers....

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  • How do I find the millionth number in the series: 2 3 4 6 9 13 19 28 42 63 ... ?

    - by HH
    It takes about minute to achieve 3000 in my comp but I need to know the millionth number in the series. The definition is recursive so I cannot see any shortcuts except to calculate everything before the millionth number. How can you fast calculate millionth number in the series? Series Def n_{i+1} = \floor{ 3/2 * n_{i} } and n_{0}=2. Interestingly, only one site list the series according to Google: this one. Too slow Bash code #!/bin/bash function series { n=$( echo "3/2*$n" | bc -l | tr '\n' ' ' | sed -e 's@\\@@g' -e 's@ @@g' ); # bc gives \ at very large numbers, sed-tr for it n=$( echo $n/1 | bc ) #DUMMY FLOOR func } n=2 nth=1 while [ true ]; #$nth -lt 500 ]; do series $n # n gets new value in the function through global value echo $nth $n nth=$( echo $nth + 1 | bc ) #n++ done

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  • Millionth number in the serie 2 3 4 6 9 13 19 28 42 63 ... ?

    - by HH
    It takes about minute to achieve 3000 in my comp but I need to know the millionth number in the serie. The definition is recursive so I cannot see any shortcuts except to calculate everything before the millionth number. How can you fast calculate millionth number in the serie? Serie Def n_{i+1} = \floor{ 3/2 * n_{i} } and n_{0}=2. Interestingly, only one site list the serie according to Goolge: this one. Too slow Bash code #!/bin/bash function serie { n=$( echo "3/2*$n" | bc -l | tr '\n' ' ' | sed -e 's@\\@@g' -e 's@ @@g' ); # bc gives \ at very large numbers, sed-tr for it n=$( echo $n/1 | bc ) #DUMMY FLOOR func } n=2 nth=1 while [ true ]; #$nth -lt 500 ]; do serie $n # n gets new value in the function throught global value echo $nth $n nth=$( echo $nth + 1 | bc ) #n++ done

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  • How to get the number of files in a folder as a variable?

    - by Jason
    Using bash, how can one get the number of files in a folder, excluding directories from a shell script without the interpreter complaining? With the help of a friend, I've tried $files=$(find ../ -maxdepth 1 -type f | sort -n) $num=$("ls -l" | "grep ^-" | "wc -l") which returns from the command line: ../1-prefix_blended_fused.jpg: No such file or directory ls -l : command not found grep ^-: command not found wc -l: command not found respectively. These commands work on the command line, but NOT with a bash script. Given a file filled with image files formatted like 1-pano.jpg, I want to grab all the images in the directory to get the largest numbered file to tack onto the next image being processed. Why the discrepancy?

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  • SSH authentication working unless ran from script??

    - by awright418
    I have set up my server to allow key/pair authentication by following instructions similar to what is found in this post. As far as I can tell that is working correctly. If I do the following, for example, it works correctly: ssh [email protected] It will NOT prompt me for a password. This is what I want to happen. However if I write a small bash script like this: #!/bin/bash -x ssh [email protected] and execute with: sudo ./mytestscript.sh ...it will prompt me with: [email protected]'s password: What am I doing wrong? I need to be able to login from within my script without being prompted for a password!

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  • Does PHP have job control like bash does?

    - by Andrew
    Hello, does PHP support something like ampersand in bash (forking)? Let's say I wanted to use cURL on 2 web pages concurrently, so script doesn't have to wait before first cURL command finnishes, how could one achieve that in PHP? Something like this in bash: curl www.google.com & curl www.yahoo.com & wait

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  • how to invoke java.exe in bash under windows in cygwin with space in path

    - by Boris
    Hi, I tried to invoke java inside bash script on windows (Win XP) using cygwin. However path to java.exe contain spaces. only literaly putting in bash sometghing like this worked: /cygdrive/c/Program\ Files/Java/jdk1.5.0_10/bin/java -cp "$TOOL_HOME" DateParse "$DATE" "$FORMAT" My attemts to put java path to a variable failed: export JAVA_EXE="/cygdrive/c/Program\ Files/Java/jdk1.5.0_10/bin/java" $JAVA_EXE -cp "$TOOL_HOME" DateParse "$DATE" "$FORMAT" also different combination with cygpath, quotes, brackets did not work. I am not finding the the right combination

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  • Nagios plugin script not working as expected

    - by Linker3000
    I have modified an off-the-shelf Nagios plugin perl script to (in theory) return a one or zero according to the existence, or not, of a file on a remote linux server. The script runs a remote ssh session and logs in as the nagios user. The remote linux servers have private keys setup for that user, and on the bash command line the script works as expected, but when run as a plugin it always returns '1' (true) even if the file does not exist. Some help with the logic or a comment on why things are not working as expected within Nagios would be appreciated. I'd prefer to use this ssh login method rather than having to install nrpe on all the linux servers. To run from a command line (assuming remote server has a user called nagios with a valid private key): ./check_reboot_required -e ssh -H remote-servers-ip-addr -p 'filename-to-check' -v Ta. #! /usr/bin/perl -w # # # License Information: # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. # ############################################################################ use POSIX; use strict; use Getopt::Long; use lib "/usr/lib/nagios/plugins" ; use vars qw($host $opt_V $opt_h $opt_v $verbose $PROGNAME $pattern $opt_p $mmin $opt_e $opt_t $opt_H $status $state $msg $msg_q $MAILQ $SHELL $device $used $avail $percent $fs $blocks $CMD $RMTOS); use utils qw(%ERRORS &print_revision &support &usage ); sub print_help (); sub print_usage (); sub process_arguments (); $ENV{'PATH'}=''; $ENV{'BASH_ENV'}=''; $ENV{'ENV'}=''; $PROGNAME = "check_reboot_required"; Getopt::Long::Configure('bundling'); $status = process_arguments(); if ($status){ print "ERROR: processing arguments\n"; exit $ERRORS{'UNKNOWN'}; } $SIG{'ALRM'} = sub { print ("ERROR: timed out waiting for $CMD on $host\n"); exit $ERRORS{'WARNING'}; }; $host = $opt_H; $pattern = $opt_p; print "Pattern >" . $pattern . "< " if $verbose; alarm($opt_t); #$CMD = "/usr/bin/find " . $pattern . " -type f 2>/dev/null| /usr/bin/wc -l"; $CMD = "[ -f " . $pattern . " ] && echo 1 || echo 0"; alarm($opt_t); ## get cmd output from remote system if (! open (OUTPUT, "$SHELL $host $CMD|" ) ) { print "ERROR: could not open $CMD on $host\n"; exit $ERRORS{'UNKNOWN'}; } my $perfdata = ""; my $state = "3"; my $msg = "Indeterminate result"; # only first line is relevant in this iteration. while (<OUTPUT>) { my $result = chomp($_); $msg = $result; print "Shell returned >" . $result . "< length is " . length($result) . " " if $verbose; if ( $result == 1 ) { $msg = "Reboot required (NB: Result still not accurate)" . $result ; $state = $ERRORS{'WARNING'}; last; } elsif ( $result == 0 ) { $msg = "No reboot required (NB: Result still not accurate) " . $result ; $state = $ERRORS{'OK'}; last; } else { $msg = "Output received, but it was neither a 1 nor a 0" ; last; } } close (OUTPUT); print "$msg | $perfdata\n"; exit $state; ##################################### #### subs sub process_arguments(){ GetOptions ("V" => \$opt_V, "version" => \$opt_V, "v" => \$opt_v, "verbose" => \$opt_v, "h" => \$opt_h, "help" => \$opt_h, "e=s" => \$opt_e, "shell=s" => \$opt_e, "p=s" => \$opt_p, "pattern=s" => \$opt_p, "t=i" => \$opt_t, "timeout=i" => \$opt_t, "H=s" => \$opt_H, "hostname=s" => \$opt_H ); if ($opt_V) { print_revision($PROGNAME,'$Revision: 1.0 $ '); exit $ERRORS{'OK'}; } if ($opt_h) { print_help(); exit $ERRORS{'OK'}; } if (defined $opt_v ){ $verbose = $opt_v; } if (defined $opt_e ){ if ( $opt_e eq "ssh" ) { if (-x "/usr/local/bin/ssh") { $SHELL = "/usr/local/bin/ssh"; } elsif ( -x "/usr/bin/ssh" ) { $SHELL = "/usr/bin/ssh"; } else { print_usage(); exit $ERRORS{'UNKNOWN'}; } } elsif ( $opt_e eq "rsh" ) { $SHELL = "/usr/bin/rsh"; } else { print_usage(); exit $ERRORS{'UNKNOWN'}; } } else { print_usage(); exit $ERRORS{'UNKNOWN'}; } unless (defined $opt_t) { $opt_t = $utils::TIMEOUT ; # default timeout } unless (defined $opt_H) { print_usage(); exit $ERRORS{'UNKNOWN'}; } return $ERRORS{'OK'}; } sub print_usage () { print "Usage: $PROGNAME -e <shell> -H <hostname> -p <directory/file pattern> [-t <timeout>] [-v verbose]\n"; } sub print_help () { print_revision($PROGNAME,'$Revision: 0.1 $'); print "\n"; print_usage(); print "\n"; print " Checks for the presence of a 'reboot-required' file on a remote host via SSH or RSH\n"; print "-e (--shell) = ssh or rsh (required)\n"; print "-H (--hostname) = remote server name (required)"; print "-p (--pattern) = File pattern for find command (default = /var/run/reboot-required)\n"; print "-t (--timeout) = Plugin timeout in seconds (default = $utils::TIMEOUT)\n"; print "-h (--help)\n"; print "-V (--version)\n"; print "-v (--verbose) = debugging output\n"; print "\n\n"; support(); }

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  • What are modern and old compilers written in?

    - by ulum
    As a compiler, other than an interpreter, only needs to translate the input and not run it the performance of itself should be not that problematic as with an interpreter. Therefore, you wouldn't write an interpreter in, let's say Ruby or PHP because it would be far too slow. However, what about compilers? If you would write a compiler in a scripting language maybe even featuring rapid development you could possibly cut the source code and initial development time by halv, at least I think so. To be sure: With scripting language I mean interpreted languages having typical features that make programming faster, easier and more enjoyable for the programmer, usually at least. Examples: PHP, Ruby, Python, maybe JavaScript though that may be an odd choice for a compiler What are compilers normally written in? As I suppose you will respond with something low-level like C, C++ or even Assembler, why? Are there compilers written in scripting languages? What are the (dis)advantages of using low or high level programming languages for compiler writing?

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  • How to make an application scriptable in Linux

    - by arx
    I've written an application in C++ that takes a complex binary file format and translates it into human-readable text. Having edited the text you can recompile it back into the binary file format. This would be more useful if the application's internal object model was scriptable. On Windows I'd expose the objects using COM or .Net but I want this to work on Linux. I could embed a scripting language but that's a fair bit of work, and limits users to the scripting language I choose. Ideally, I'm looking for some way of exposing a scriptable DOM from my application that is: Widely support in scripting languages (without writing language-specific wrappers) Cross-platform (but Linux support is most important) In-process (but this isn't essential)

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  • Fork bomb protection not working : Amount of processes not limited

    - by d_inevitable
    I just came to realize that my system is not limiting the amount of processes per user properly thus not preventing a user from dring a fork-bomb and crashing the entire system: user@thebe:~$ cat /etc/security/limits.conf | grep user user hard nproc 512 user@thebe:~$ ulimit -u 1024 user@thebe:~$ :(){ :|:& };: [1] 2559 user@thebe:~$ ht-bash: fork: Cannot allocate memory -bash: fork: Cannot allocate memory -bash: fork: Cannot allocate memory -bash: fork: Cannot allocate memory -bash: fork: Cannot allocate memory -bash: fork: Cannot allocate memory -bash: fork: Cannot allocate memory -bash: fork: Cannot allocate memory ... Connection to thebe closed by remote host. Is this a bug or why is it ignoring the limit in limits.conf and why is not applying the limit that ulimit -n claims it to be? PS: I really don't think the memory limit is hit before the process limit. This machine has 8GB ram and it was using only 4% of it at the time when I dropped the fork bomb.

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  • Interactive command to let user change directory in bash

    - by Rich
    I am looking for a CURSES-based way (bash, c, doesn't really matter) of letting a user choose a folder or even a file in roughly the same way that they would do using Midnight Commander. I envisage using up/down for moving the cursor, esc to cancel, and enter to select the item under the cursor. If the item is a file, then return the full path to that file, if the item is a folder, change into that folder. Does anyone know of one that exists? If not, how would I go about writing one? I'm mainly a Java programmer, so I could use JavaCurses, but it feels a bit like overkill.

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  • Lost Linux root password - Recovery mode and init=/bin/bash fail

    - by Albeit
    I lost/forgot the root password to a server sitting beside me and am trying to reset it. I would rather not have to wipe and re-install or use a Live CD (server is running Ubuntu Server 12.04). What I've tried so far... 1) Boot into "Recovery mode" from Grub2 boot menu then drop into root shell prompt. I am prompted to "Give root password for maintenance". No-go. 2) Change the boot parameters for the main boot option to include "rw" and "init=/bin/bash". When I then boot with Ctrl-X, the screen goes black, and nothing happens (I've waited five minutes). init=/bin/sh and init=/bin/static-sh both do the same thing, while init=/sbin/init boots as normal. Is there anything else I can try to reset the root password? Thank you!

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  • Msysgit bash is horrendously slow in Windows 7

    - by Kevin L.
    I love git and use it on OS X pretty much constantly at home. At work, we use svn on Windows, but want to migrate to git as soon as the tools have fully matured (not just TortoiseGit, but also something akin the really nice Visual Studio integration provided by VisualSVN). But I digress... I recently installed msysgit on my Windows 7 machine, and when using the included version of bash, it is horrendously slow. And not just the git operations; clear takes about five seconds. AAAAH! Has anyone experienced a similar issue? Edit: It appears that msysgit is not playing nicely with UAC and might just be a tiny design oversight resulting from developing on XP or running Vista or 7 with UAC disabled; starting Git Bash using Run as administrator results in the lightning speed I see with OS X (or on 7 after starting Git Bash w/o a network connection - see @Gauthier answer). Edit 2: AH HA! See my answer.

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  • Find Port Number and Domain Name to connect to Hive Table

    - by user1419563
    I am new to Hive, MapReduce and Hadoop. I am using Putty to connect to hive table and access records in the tables. So what I did is- I opened Putty and in the host name I typed- ares-ingest.vip.host.com and then I click Open. And then I entered my username and password and then few commands to get to Hive sql. Below is the list what I did $ bash bash-3.00$ hive Hive history file=/tmp/rjamal/hive_job_log_rjamal_201207010451_1212680168.txt hive> set mapred.job.queue.name=hdmi-technology; hive> select * from table LIMIT 1; So my question is- I was trying to connect to Hive Tables using Squirrel SQL Client, so in that my Connection URL is- jdbc:hive://ares-ingest.vip.host.com:10000/default. So whenever I try to connect with these attributes, I always get Hive: Could not establish connection to ares-ingest.vip.host.com:10000/default: java.net.ConnectException: Connection timed out: connect. It might be possible I am using wrong port number or domain name here. Is there any way from the command prompt I can find out these two things, like what Domain Name and Port Number(where Hive server is running) should I use to connect to Hive table from Squirrel SQL Client. As I know host and port are determined by where the hive server is running

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  • Safe way to set computed environment variables

    - by sfink
    I have a bash script that I am modifying to accept key=value pairs from stdin. (It is spawned by xinetd.) How can I safely convert those key=value pairs into environment variables for subprocesses? I plan to only allow keys that begin with a predefined prefix "CMK_", to avoid IFS or any other "dangerous" variable getting set. But the simplistic approach function import () { local IFS="=" while read key val; do case "$key" in CMK_*) eval "$key=$val";; esac done } is horribly insecure because $val could contain all sorts of nasty stuff. This seems like it would work: shopt -s extglob function import () { NORMAL_IFS="$IFS" local IFS="=" while read key val; do case "$key" in CMK_*([a-zA-Z_]) ) IFS="$NORMAL_IFS" eval $key='$val' IFS="=" ;; esac done } but (1) it uses the funky extglob thing that I've never used before, and (2) it's complicated enough that I can't be comfortable that it's secure. My goal, to be specific, is to allow key=value settings to pass through the bash script into the environment of called processes. It is up to the subprocesses to deal with potentially hostile values getting set. I am modifying someone else's script, so I don't want to just convert it to Perl and be done with it. I would also rather not change it around to invoke the subprocesses differently, something like #!/bin/sh ...start of script... perl -nle '($k,$v)=split(/=/,$_,2); $ENV{$k}=$v if $k =~ /^CMK_/; END { exec("subprocess") }' ...end of script...

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