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• Do i need a dedicated server for load balancing?

  - by Ben

  I'm completely new to the concept of load balancing so i hope this question isn't a "stupid question" because i've been searching around and im having a hard time understanding this. So to my understanding, in order to load balance, i need a separate machine with an ip address i can direct all traffic to. I initially thought i needed to rent 3 dedicated servers, one for load balancing and the other two as backend servers. Would a dedicated server be too much for a load balancer or do hosting companies have special types of computers for that process? Then i read somewhere else that i can install a load balance software in both of the two servers and configure it in a way that doesn't require me to rent another machine/dedicated server for load balancing. So im a bit confuse on how to actually implement a load balancer and whether or not i need a dedicated server for the sole purpose of acting as a load balancing machine. Also, i was recommended to use HAproxy so i'll be heading that direction for load balancing.

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• Load balancing Apache on a budget?

  - by Industrial

  Hi everyone, I am trying to get my head around the concept of load balancing to ensure availability and redundancy to keep users happy when things go wrong, rather than load balancing for the sake of offering blistering speed to millions of users. We're on a budget and trying to stick to the stuff where there's plenty of knowledge available, so running Apache on Ubuntu VPS's seems like the strategy until some famous search engine acquire us (Saturday irony included, please note). At least to me, it's a complete jungle of different solutions available. Apaches own mod_proxy & HAproxy are two that we found by a quick google search, but having zero experience of load balancing, I have no idea of what would be appropriate for our situation, or what we would look after while choosing a solution to solve our availability concerns. What is the best option for us? What should we do to get availability high whilst staying inside our budgets?

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• Is there a Windows or Linux equivalent of Soulver calculator application?

  - by Shevek

  I've just been shown a brilliant calculator app called Soulver which is only available on Mac OS X Maths on a Mac as it should be Soulver is a new kind of calculator application which uses a simple yet powerful word-processor style interface instead of the traditional "button" approach to doing math. Main Features No equals button - Soulver instantly calculates as you type. Multiple lines - Soulver lets you do math over multiple lines and edit previous expressions. Flexible to words - Soulver doesn't mind if you include words or labels between numbers. Basic functions - Soulver includes every standard calculator function, like sin(), cos() & tan() Clever English functions - Soulver includes some "English" math functions. For instance you can type "10% off $200" and get $180 Floating palettes - Soulver's answer & stats palettes will give you conversions and statistics on your work as your type Save your work - like a word processor, Soulver allows you to save and reopen your work This is a fantastic concept and I would really like to find it's equivalent for Windows and/or Linux. Any suggestions?

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• KVM Switch for multiple monitors possible?

  - by jasondavis

  I have been curious about this for YEARS! I have never used a KVM switch (keyboard, mouse, monitor) switch to allow you to use 1 keyboard, mouse, monitor to operate 2 or more computers however I understand the concept and what they are for, just never really had a huge need for 1 until now. Here is my issue though. If possible I need to have a KVM switch hooked up to 2 computers in my room. The catch, I have 2-3 monitors on the PC, so I am looking for a way to have a KVM switch that will support multiple monitors. So PC #1 can be using a mouse, keyboard, 2-3 monitors like normal. I then hit the switch and it makes my mouse, keyboard, and 2-3 monitors switch to PC #2. Has anyone ever heard of a KVM switch being able to support multiple monitors like I described? Or how I can achieve this goal? Please help.

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• what firefall linux distro applicance could track internet usage per device in my home?

  - by GregH

  Hello, Anyone know of a community edition/open source/free firewall/gateway software product that I could install onto an old PC to act as my firewall/gateway/proxy etc, BUT for which it has the power to track internet usage per device in my home. So: a) Mandatory - Track internet usage for devices on my home network on a per device basis (e.g. various PCs/Xbox etc) b) Mandatory - Report/graph would would give a breakdown of internet usage, per device (e.g. IP address), per day. c) Desirable - as in b) above but per hour d) Desirable - realtime graph (e.g. 5 minute measurement intervals or something) that shows current internet usage per device e) Mandatory - Handles all internal<=internet requests for all protocols (e.g. HTTP, HTTPS, xbox etc) f) Mandatory - No explicit settings in clients required - i.e. Transparent Monitoring concept (for both HTTP and non-HTTP traffic like xbox, skype etc) g) Mandatory - easy "appliance" like installation onto a dedicated low spec PC thanks in advance

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• what firefall linux distro applicance could track internet usage per device in my home?

  - by GregH

  Hello, Anyone know of a community edition/open source/free firewall/gateway software product that I could install onto an old PC to act as my firewall/gateway/proxy etc, BUT for which it has the power to track internet usage per device in my home. So: a) Mandatory - Track internet usage for devices on my home network on a per device basis (e.g. various PCs/Xbox etc) b) Mandatory - Report/graph would would give a breakdown of internet usage, per device (e.g. IP address), per day. c) Desirable - as in b) above but per hour d) Desirable - realtime graph (e.g. 5 minute measurement intervals or something) that shows current internet usage per device e) Mandatory - Handles all internal<=internet requests for all protocols (e.g. HTTP, HTTPS, xbox etc) f) Mandatory - No explicit settings in clients required - i.e. Transparent Monitoring concept (for both HTTP and non-HTTP traffic like xbox, skype etc) g) Mandatory - easy "appliance" like installation onto a dedicated low spec PC thanks in advance

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• Connecting to Exchange Server 2003 over POP using openssl s_client

  - by Andreas Jansson

  Hi, I'm trying to fetch emails programmatically from Exchange 2003 over POP. As a proof of concept I'm trying to connect using openssl s_client. I've started the POP service on my Exchange server. Trying to connect using openssl s_client -connect MYEXCHANGESERVER:995 returns 20303:error:140790E5:SSL routines:SSL23_WRITE:ssl handshake failure:s23_lib.c:188: Trying openssl s_client -connect MYEXCHANGESERVER:995 -starttls pop3 returns CONNECTED(00000003) write:errno=32 Forgive a newb - I'm basically shooting wildly in the dark with no idea on what I'm supposed to be doing. In the past I've read my GMail over openssl s_client, and setting up those certificates was easy and well documented. I would imagine I need to set up some sort of certificate here as well, and I've looked a bit at using a .pfx file. But like I said, I'm completely lost here. Thankful for any advice, Andreas

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• DNS servers via RA in IPv6

  - by glglgl

  Some time ago, RFC 6106 was created, which states how a router tells the clients about the DNS server to be used. It is a new standard, it has to be implemented, which needs time etc. I'm courious about the need for it: wouldn't have it been better to define a "globally valid" anycast address for DNS? Queries would be sent to this address and would be promoted along the default route until there is a host which claims to be responsible for it. In an enterprise network, that would be a central DNS server (or even more, on really big companies); in a SOHO network, it would either be the router or the DNS server of the ISP, in a root server hosting data center, it would be the DNS of the hoster, etc. What do I see wrong here? Do I have a wrong view of the anycast concept?

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• Creating a .bat file to execute mysql and other commands

  - by BCIT - JD

  I'm looking for a way to reduce the amount of typing I do to check mysql entries and other things. For example, I wanted to create a .bat file that will execute the following commands. mysql -u user -p *enter in the password* USE databasename SELCT * FROM table; The problem is after the initial mysql -u user -p the rest of the commands written down do not get executed. Is it possible to continue running commands after calling something like mysql or other programs, that seem to add its prefix(?) to the beginning of commands (mysql). I'm not very familiar with the terminology so forgive me if it sounds confusing. I'd like to use the same kind of concept for other things as well. Help is much appreciated, Thanks.

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• Where is the actual content in a TCP segment

  - by packetloss

  When I email something or download a program, or do anything else over a network, where in the segment is the actual content? If I am emailing a 20KB word document, and the maximum data field size in a segment is 1500 bytes, does that mean it takes about 14 segments to mail my document wherever it is going? I get, I think, the OSI model and I have a decent grasp of the IP protocol. I think I understand the concept of header wrapping of each successive layer in the protocol stack. What I can't get a definitive answer to is where does the actual content go in a TCP segment? Is that the datagram? Maybe the fact I am asking proves I have no clue... Many thanks.

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• Should you disable page file with SSD?

  - by Pyrolistical

  I've been reading this question, and it has a lot of great information. But assuming you have more than enough ram, I think page file should be disabled on SSD to extend the life time. I know you would lose the core dump on crash, but not many people need that information. From my understand without a page file as you reach the limit of your ram that might trigger thrashing on disk. But for SSDs there is no concept of thrashing, reads are fast. What do you guys think?

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• Agile sysadmin and devops - How to accomplish?

  - by Marco Ramos

  Nowadays, agile systems adminitration and devops are some of the most trending topics regarding systems administration and operations. Both these concepts are mainly focused on bridging the gap between operations/sysadmins and the projects (developers, business, etc). Even if you never heard of the devops concept, I'm sure that this topic is your concern too. So, what tools and techniques do you use to accomplish devops in you companies? I'm particularly interested in topics like change management, continous integration and automatization, but not only. Please share your thoughts. I'm looking forward to read your answers/opinions :)

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• A clear understanding about Mozilla Firefox web applications

  - by Girish Mony

  I have seen lately a concept of installing open web applications in Firefox and Google Chrome just like extensions here . While the site says it as a installable websites. It looks very similar to bookmarks to me. When you click either bookmarks or this installed applications, it opens new tab and the site or application can be viewed. My question is what is the main difference between normal web application like Gmail, or Super user or Facebook and these installable websites? Also what is the advantage in using this installable web apps from normal web applications which we can access by entering url in the browser address bar? I hope this is the right place to post this question. If not please guide me accordingly.

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• Changing default shortcut for Spaces on a Macbook Pro with Snow Leapord?

  - by Mahmoud Abdelkader

  I'm primarily a Linux user but my main home PC is a Macbook Pro with Snow Leopard. The concept of "Spaces" in a Mac is extremely important to how I utilize my development environments and I use this feature on Linux all the time. I use Compiz Manager for Ubuntu which allows me to "Desktop Switch" and navigate all desktops using the Ctrl+Alt+Arrow keys to a particular desktop. On a Mac, the process is similar, however, you're only given 3 non-customizable short-cuts: Option+Arrow, Ctrl+Arrow, and Alt+Arrow. How can I change the keyboard shortcut to take Ctrl+Option? The keys would then fit my working style and it won't feel awkward to remember two sets of keyboard shortcuts. Thanks! Mahmoud

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• Should you disable page file with SSD?

  - by Pyrolistical

  I've been reading http://serverfault.com/questions/23621/any-benefit-or-detriment-from-removing-a-pagefile-on-an-8gb-ram-machine, and it has a lot of great information. But assuming you have more than enough ram, I think page file should be disabled on SSD to extend the life time. I know you would lose the core dump on crash, but not many people need that information. From my understand without a page file as you reach the limit of your ram that might trigger thrashing on disk. But for SSDs there is no concept of thrashing, reads are fast. What do you guys think?

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• Is there a way to bridge two outgoing TCP connections in order to bypass firewalls and NAT?

  - by TK Kocheran

  We're all familiar with the problem of port-forwarding and NAT: if you want to expose something to accepting an incoming connection, you need to configure port-forwarding on the router or conjure up some other black magickery to "punch holes" in the firewall using UDP or something. I'm fairly new to the whole "hole-punching" concept so could someone explain how it works? Essentially, I'd like to understand how hole-punching would work and the theory behind it, as well as if two TCP connections could be bridged via a third party. Since there's no issue with outgoing TCP connections since it's handled with NAT, could a third party bridge the connections so that the two parties are still connected but without the bandwidth cost of traffic going through the third party?

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• Does Lapping a CPU / Heatsink actually drop the temp?

  - by Pure.Krome

  Hi folks, i've been watching some YouTube vids about Lapping a CPU. I've never heard of this modding technique before and, though extreame, I was wondering if it acutally works? Assuming you lap your cpu and/or heatsink correctly, will the temps drop? When I say drop, at least a 1 degree drop is success (for the debate of this topic). To keep this topic clean, please refrain from anyone commenting on the overkill of labour, just for a 1 degree (worst case) drop, etc. This is a discussion about the theory and concept, not personal opionion of wether to lap or not.

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• Can I pin a cmd/batch file to command prompt on the Windows 7 taskbar?

  - by eidylon

  Hey all, just wanted to ask quick if anyone knows how to do this. If not I'll post it on connect.microsoft.com as a suggestion. With Explorer pinned to the taskbar you can pin folders to Explorer, so they are in the jumplist for the explorer shortcut. I have a shortcut to CMD pinned to my taskbar and would like to be able to do the same concept, ... that is to be able to pin a bat/cmd file to the CMD shortcut, so in the CMD jumplist, I could have quick access to a couple batch files I use routinely. Anyone know a way to do this? I tried just dragging the batch file to the CMD shortcut on the taskbar like how you do with folders and Explorer, but that did not work.

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• create new subdomain or buy new domain? seo costs [migrated]

  - by greek_no_money

  If I am targeting the same audience, but the new sub-site has different concept from the existing site, should I create a new sub-domain or create a new domain? What are the seo advantages and disadvantages of creating a new sub-domain? For example Stack Exchange with Alexa rank 1.474 right now, has sub-domains such as programmers.stackexchange.com and other domains such us serverfault.com with rank 3.515 and stackoverflow.com with rank 109. So why didn't Stack Exchange put, for example, Stack Overflow in a sub-domain to create a better ranking?

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• MongoDB ReplicaSet Elections when some nodes are down

  - by SecondThought

  I'm trying to get into ReplicaSet concept, and found something weird in mongoDB Documentation: For a node to be elected primary, it must receive a majority of votes. This is a majority of all votes in the set: if you have a 5-member set and 4 members are down, a majority of the set is still 3 members (floor(5/2)+1). Each member of the set receives a single vote and knows the total number of available votes. If no node can reach a majority, then no primary can be elected and no data can be written to that replica set (although reads to secondaries are still possible). (taken from here) So, If I got that right, in the 5-member case mentioned there the one node that's still standing WILL NOT be chosen as primary and the whole set will not get any writes? and that's even if this single node was the last primary before the elections? If it's true there can be many less-radical cases which will end up with a degenerated set. How can we avoid this?

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• Understanding the Linux Root

  - by Zac

  I've been using Linux (Ubuntu) for about 2 weeks now and am still struggling with some basic concept surrounding the root user: (1) Some terminal operations (such as making subdirectories inside a FHS directory such as /opt) require me to prefix the command with sudo - why? I guess what I'm choking on is: if I'm already logged in as a valid system user, why do I have to be a superuser/root in order to modify things that the sysadmin has already deemed me worthy of accessing? (2) Is there a GUI (Gnome, KDE) equivalent to sudo? Is there a way to assume a superuser role through a graphical context, rather than from inside a new shell? (3) I can't access the /root directory logged in as myself... but I installed the system to begin with and was never asked to create a root account! How do I log in as root and gain access to /root?!? Thanks for all feedback & input!

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• Understanding the Linux Root

  - by Zac

  I've been using Linux (Ubuntu) for about 2 weeks now and am still struggling with some basic concept surrounding the root user: (1) Some terminal operations (such as making subdirectories inside a FHS directory such as /opt) require me to prefix the command with sudo - why? I guess what I'm choking on is: if I'm already logged in as a valid system user, why do I have to be a superuser/root in order to modify things that the sysadmin has already deemed me worthy of accessing? (2) Is there a GUI (Gnome, KDE) equivalent to sudo? Is there a way to assume a superuser role through a graphical context, rather than from inside a new shell? (3) I can't access the /root directory logged in as myself... but I installed the system to begin with and was never asked to create a root account! How do I log in as root and gain access to /root?!? Thanks for all feedback & input!

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• Drawbacks of installing linux on usb stick?

  - by Znarkus

  I am setting up a router/nas/http/whatever server based on an ION mini-ITX board. I've installed Ubuntu Server on an old 160 GB drive, but it generates a lot more heat and vibrates more than my other new drive (storage). It just doesn't fit the concept, and worse: it takes up a SATA port. As SSD's are crazy expensive I'm thinking of buying an extra 4 GB USB stick, and raid0 it. From my point of view, these are the pros/cons: Pros Low power consumption No vibrations No heat Smaller Get to buy new, larger USB stick (:D) Cons Shorter life time Slower Raid 0 More work maintaing/installing? I think the pros overweighs the cons. Shorter life time and raid 0 is countered by regular backups of the configs/settings. Slower is partially countered by raid 0, and I don't know about the last one. What do You think? Experience? Another solution?

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• Unable to configure DD-WRT SNMP monitoring with Zabbix

  - by Jien Wai

  Installed Zabbix on Ubuntu but not sure what setting I missed. Base on my concept, I would like to using SNMP to monitoring DD-WRT router which it using SNMP service. I did enable to SNMP service at DD-WRT router page. And also created a host at Zabbix with included DD-WRT template. After I done it I still unable to get any connection/information at Zabbix which mean the router doesn't communicate with Zabbix. The above picture is my DD-WRT's SNMP configuration. http://img13.imageshack.us/img13/2228/rhj2.png Also this is the Zabbix configuration which I have created the service to monitoring my DD-WRT router. http://imageshack.us/a/img853/7311/hlpr.png

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• 2 Virtual instances for RSA and X509 authentication on IIS web server

  - by VKumar

  I am new to this concept. Actually, we have RSA SecureID login and normal login for our application. Recently, i have implemented X509 authentication. Now, the requirement is to create 2 instances for RSA access and X509 authentication on the same IIS webserver. If X509 authentication fails, the user should be redirected to RSA login page which should be on the same Webserver. Can you please help me out with some ideas? Thank you in advance.

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