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  • Can I set up two NICs bridged together and still SSH into the bridging machine?

    - by squinlan
    I have a ubuntu box setup with two NICs. I can bridge them together just fine, but I haven't been able to setup a way to SSH into the box once the connections are bridged together. Here's my /etc/network/interfaces: auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth1 iface eth1 inet manual auto eth0 iface eth0 inet manual auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 192.168.33.213 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.33.1 bridge_ports eth0 eth1 bridge_stp off bridge_fd 0 bridge_maxwait 0 This works just fine for bridging, but I'm not able to SSH into the box. I tried setting up another interface on one of the NICs: auto eth0:1 iface eth0:1 inet static address 192.168.33.215 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.33.1 But this really didn't help. Is it possible to ssh into a machine that has all of its NICs bridged? If it is, how?

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  • How do I set up a proxy server for home with bandwidth control, download limit options?

    - by Quakeboy
    3 room mates share a single 2 Mbps connection. Have a 40GB per month download limit beyond which speed drops to 256Kbps which is annoying. One of the roommates abuses the connection by downloading beyond his quota limit. I have a Netgear WNR1000v2 Wireless router + ADSL Modem to connect to the internet. We all access internet via Wireless router which connects to ADSL Modem. I need a free proxy solution which can help me set 40GB / 3 (13 GB) limit for each person (every person has 2 devices - a PC and a phone with Wifi) Uniform Bandwidth control - when 2 people browse the internet they should get 1 Mbps each, and when 3 people access, they should get 2Mbps divided by 3. After each person crosses their monthly download limit, they should be able to access the internet with 256Kbps speed only or lesser. Can I have a custom firmware on my wireless router do this (or) Do I need a proxy server ? Please point me to any relevant tutorials (for example with Squid).

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  • OpenVPN and brouting issue

    - by JavierMartinz
    I have a Guest XEN Machine in which I want to connect by OpenVPN to other network. But I have this problem: when I want to connect to that OpenVPN I get a lot of TLS handshake errors because I think that the packages did not come rightly. When, at the end, the guest machine achieve to connect (after several tries) I can't ping the other machines of the OpenVPN network. Except sometimes, where if I ping 20 times MAYBE i get ping-answer in 1-2 times. I think that this problem is related about how the HOST Xen machine 'filters' the packages to the bridge. I mean, I think that all the outgoing guest machines packages are good but the incoming traffic to the guests is not recognized well. How could I detect/solve the problem? Im using Debian Linux in both machines

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  • Internet Connectivity... Help please!

    - by James
    Hi. My Laptop is having trouble connecting to my wireless router. Other laptops are using the wireless, but it's not reached capacity. The laptop recognises (with a strong signal) that there is wireless internet, and I can connect via the router with a cable because this happens automatically. My problem is this... When I click "connect" (for example in the network and sharing centre), the dialogue box closes and nothing else happens - as though "connect" is being read as "exit". I am running Vista on a Toshiba Satellite Pro P300. Any help would be very much appreciated, Thanks

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  • Is this one network or two networks?

    - by colemik
    I have this simple question and really don't know the answer. Does the drawing below show one network or two networks? This is a question about the definition of a network from the OSI / TCP/IP model point of view: From one point of view, those are two L2 networks connected with a bridge. From another point of view, this is one L3 network, that can have a common L3 address space (like 10.1.1.0). PS If this question is too dumb, please move it to Superuser.

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  • unable to ping machine on WLAN

    - by N.M.
    I've started accepting remote desktop connections on one of my machines. If i connect the machine to my router using an Ethernet cable i am able to ping it and connect to it remotely (using RDP). However, if i connect the machine using wireless network i am unable to ping it (or access it using RDP). Although i can live with connecting that machine using an Ethernet cable i just wanted to know the reason why it doesn't work using wireless. Is the router not able to forward packets to that host if its connected using wireless? If yes, any solutions?

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  • Portletfaces Bridge, Null pointer exception

    - by Moayad Abu Jaber
    I faced problem in Icefaces portlet using portletfaces bridge inside liferay. the problem is when I open the browser for the first time I got null pointer exception. for example i opened the portal through chrome browser then open firefox, my portlet I made in ICEfaces throw null pointer exception. below you will find full stack trace: java.lang.NullPointerException at org.icefaces.impl.push.servlet.ProxyHttpServletRequest.getCookies(ProxyHttpServletRequest.java:307) at org.icepush.PushContext.getBrowserIDFromCookie(PushContext.java:89) at org.icepush.PushContext.createPushId(PushContext.java:46) at org.icefaces.impl.push.servlet.ICEpushResourceHandler$ICEpushResourceHandlerImpl.beforePhase(ICEpushResourceHandler.java:172) at org.icefaces.impl.push.servlet.ICEpushResourceHandler.beforePhase(ICEpushResourceHandler.java:92) at com.sun.faces.lifecycle.Phase.handleBeforePhase(Phase.java:228) at com.sun.faces.lifecycle.Phase.doPhase(Phase.java:99) at com.sun.faces.lifecycle.RestoreViewPhase.doPhase(RestoreViewPhase.java:116) at com.sun.faces.lifecycle.LifecycleImpl.execute(LifecycleImpl.java:118) at org.portletfaces.bridge.BridgeImpl.doFacesRequest(BridgeImpl.java:391) at org.portletfaces.bridge.GenericFacesPortlet.doView(GenericFacesPortlet.java:181) at javax.portlet.GenericPortlet.doDispatch(GenericPortlet.java:328) at javax.portlet.GenericPortlet.render(GenericPortlet.java:233) at com.liferay.portlet.FilterChainImpl.doFilter(FilterChainImpl.java:101) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.portlet.PortletFilterUtil.doFilter(PortletFilterUtil.java:64) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.PortletServlet.service(PortletServlet.java:92) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:717) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.invoke(ApplicationDispatcher.java:646) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.doInclude(ApplicationDispatcher.java:551) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.include(ApplicationDispatcher.java:488) at com.liferay.portlet.InvokerPortletImpl.invoke(InvokerPortletImpl.java:638) at com.liferay.portlet.InvokerPortletImpl.invokeRender(InvokerPortletImpl.java:723) at com.liferay.portlet.InvokerPortletImpl.render(InvokerPortletImpl.java:425) at org.apache.jsp.html.portal.render_005fportlet_jsp._jspService(render_005fportlet_jsp.java:1440) at org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:70) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:717) at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:377) at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:313) at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:260) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:717) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.invoke(ApplicationDispatcher.java:646) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.doInclude(ApplicationDispatcher.java:551) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.include(ApplicationDispatcher.java:488) at com.liferay.portal.util.PortalImpl.renderPortlet(PortalImpl.java:3740) at com.liferay.portal.util.PortalUtil.renderPortlet(PortalUtil.java:1180) at com.liferay.portlet.layoutconfiguration.util.RuntimePortletUtil.processPortlet(RuntimePortletUtil.java:160) at com.liferay.portlet.layoutconfiguration.util.RuntimePortletUtil.processPortlet(RuntimePortletUtil.java:94) at com.liferay.portlet.layoutconfiguration.util.RuntimePortletUtil.processTemplate(RuntimePortletUtil.java:256) at com.liferay.portlet.layoutconfiguration.util.RuntimePortletUtil.processTemplate(RuntimePortletUtil.java:181) at org.apache.jsp.html.portal.layout.view.portlet_jsp._jspService(portlet_jsp.java:821) at org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:70) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:717) at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:377) at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:313) at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:260) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:717) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.invoke(ApplicationDispatcher.java:646) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.doInclude(ApplicationDispatcher.java:551) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.include(ApplicationDispatcher.java:488) at com.liferay.portal.action.LayoutAction.includeLayoutContent(LayoutAction.java:370) at com.liferay.portal.action.LayoutAction.processLayout(LayoutAction.java:629) at com.liferay.portal.action.LayoutAction.execute(LayoutAction.java:232) at org.apache.struts.action.RequestProcessor.processActionPerform(RequestProcessor.java:431) at org.apache.struts.action.RequestProcessor.process(RequestProcessor.java:236) at com.liferay.portal.struts.PortalRequestProcessor.process(PortalRequestProcessor.java:153) at org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet.process(ActionServlet.java:1196) at org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet.doGet(ActionServlet.java:414) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:617) at com.liferay.portal.servlet.MainServlet.callParentService(MainServlet.java:508) at com.liferay.portal.servlet.MainServlet.service(MainServlet.java:485) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:717) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.processFilter(BaseFilter.java:196) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:126) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.processFilter(BaseFilter.java:196) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:126) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.processFilter(BaseFilter.java:196) at com.liferay.portal.servlet.filters.strip.StripFilter.processFilter(StripFilter.java:309) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:123) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.processFilter(BaseFilter.java:196) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:126) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.processFilter(BaseFilter.java:196) at com.liferay.portal.servlet.filters.gzip.GZipFilter.processFilter(GZipFilter.java:121) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:123) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.processFilter(BaseFilter.java:196) at com.liferay.portal.servlet.filters.secure.SecureFilter.processFilter(SecureFilter.java:182) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:123) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.processFilter(BaseFilter.java:196) at com.liferay.portal.servlet.filters.autologin.AutoLoginFilter.processFilter(AutoLoginFilter.java:254) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:123) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.invoke(ApplicationDispatcher.java:646) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.processRequest(ApplicationDispatcher.java:436) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.doForward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:374) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.forward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:302) at com.liferay.portal.servlet.FriendlyURLServlet.service(FriendlyURLServlet.java:134) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:717) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.processFilter(BaseFilter.java:196) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:126) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.processFilter(BaseFilter.java:196) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:126) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.processFilter(BaseFilter.java:196) at com.liferay.portal.servlet.filters.strip.StripFilter.processFilter(StripFilter.java:261) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:123) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.processFilter(BaseFilter.java:196) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:126) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.jav a:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.processFilter(BaseFilter.java:196) at com.liferay.portal.servlet.filters.gzip.GZipFilter.processFilter(GZipFilter.java:110) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:123) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.processFilter(BaseFilter.java:196) at com.liferay.portal.servlet.filters.secure.SecureFilter.processFilter(SecureFilter.java:182) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:123) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.processFilter(BaseFilter.java:196) at com.liferay.portal.servlet.filters.i18n.I18nFilter.processFilter(I18nFilter.java:222) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:123) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.processFilter(BaseFilter.java:196) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:126) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.processFilter(BaseFilter.java:196) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:126) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.processFilter(BaseFilter.java:196) at com.liferay.portal.servlet.filters.etag.ETagFilter.processFilter(ETagFilter.java:45) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:123) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.processFilter(BaseFilter.java:196) at com.liferay.portal.servlet.filters.autologin.AutoLoginFilter.processFilter(AutoLoginFilter.java:254) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:123) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.invoke(ApplicationDispatcher.java:646) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.processRequest(ApplicationDispatcher.java:436) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.doForward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:374) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.forward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:302) at com.liferay.portal.servlet.filters.virtualhost.VirtualHostFilter.processFilter(VirtualHostFilter.java:311) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:123) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.processFilter(BaseFilter.java:196) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:126) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.processFilter(BaseFilter.java:196) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:126) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.tuckey.web.filters.urlrewrite.UrlRewriteFilter.doFilter(UrlRewriteFilter.java:738) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.processFilter(BaseFilter.java:196) at com.liferay.portal.servlet.filters.threadlocal.ThreadLocalFilter.processFilter(ThreadLocalFilter.java:35) at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:123) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:233) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:191) at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:470) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:127) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:102) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:298) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:857) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11Protocol.java:588) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$Worker.run(JIoEndpoint.java:489) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619) I post this in portletfaces JIRA and their forum, no response so far. hope find the solution here, but I guess this bug in portletfaces! thanks

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  • Diving into OpenStack Network Architecture - Part 1

    - by Ronen Kofman
    v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} rkofman Normal rkofman 83 3045 2014-05-23T21:11:00Z 2014-05-27T06:58:00Z 3 1883 10739 Oracle Corporation 89 25 12597 12.00 140 Clean Clean false false false false EN-US X-NONE HE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;} Before we begin OpenStack networking has very powerful capabilities but at the same time it is quite complicated. In this blog series we will review an existing OpenStack setup using the Oracle OpenStack Tech Preview and explain the different network components through use cases and examples. The goal is to show how the different pieces come together and provide a bigger picture view of the network architecture in OpenStack. This can be very helpful to users making their first steps in OpenStack or anyone wishes to understand how networking works in this environment.  We will go through the basics first and build the examples as we go. According to the recent Icehouse user survey and the one before it, Neutron with Open vSwitch plug-in is the most widely used network setup both in production and in POCs (in terms of number of customers) and so in this blog series we will analyze this specific OpenStack networking setup. As we know there are many options to setup OpenStack networking and while Neturon + Open vSwitch is the most popular setup there is no claim that it is either best or the most efficient option. Neutron + Open vSwitch is an example, one which provides a good starting point for anyone interested in understanding OpenStack networking. Even if you are using different kind of network setup such as different Neutron plug-in or even not using Neutron at all this will still be a good starting point to understand the network architecture in OpenStack. The setup we are using for the examples is the one used in the Oracle OpenStack Tech Preview. Installing it is simple and it would be helpful to have it as reference. In this setup we use eth2 on all servers for VM network, all VM traffic will be flowing through this interface.The Oracle OpenStack Tech Preview is using VLANs for L2 isolation to provide tenant and network isolation. The following diagram shows how we have configured our deployment: This first post is a bit long and will focus on some basic concepts in OpenStack networking. The components we will be discussing are Open vSwitch, network namespaces, Linux bridge and veth pairs. Note that this is not meant to be a comprehensive review of these components, it is meant to describe the component as much as needed to understand OpenStack network architecture. All the components described here can be further explored using other resources. Open vSwitch (OVS) In the Oracle OpenStack Tech Preview OVS is used to connect virtual machines to the physical port (in our case eth2) as shown in the deployment diagram. OVS contains bridges and ports, the OVS bridges are different from the Linux bridge (controlled by the brctl command) which are also used in this setup. To get started let’s view the OVS structure, use the following command: # ovs-vsctl show 7ec51567-ab42-49e8-906d-b854309c9edf     Bridge br-int         Port br-int             Interface br-int type: internal         Port "int-br-eth2"             Interface "int-br-eth2"     Bridge "br-eth2"         Port "br-eth2"             Interface "br-eth2" type: internal         Port "eth2"             Interface "eth2"         Port "phy-br-eth2"             Interface "phy-br-eth2" ovs_version: "1.11.0" We see a standard post deployment OVS on a compute node with two bridges and several ports hanging off of each of them. The example above is a compute node without any VMs, we can see that the physical port eth2 is connected to a bridge called “br-eth2”. We also see two ports "int-br-eth2" and "phy-br-eth2" which are actually a veth pair and form virtual wire between the two bridges, veth pairs are discussed later in this post. When a virtual machine is created a port is created on one the br-int bridge and this port is eventually connected to the virtual machine (we will discuss the exact connectivity later in the series). Here is how OVS looks after a VM was launched: # ovs-vsctl show efd98c87-dc62-422d-8f73-a68c2a14e73d     Bridge br-int         Port "int-br-eth2"             Interface "int-br-eth2"         Port br-int             Interface br-int type: internal         Port "qvocb64ea96-9f" tag: 1             Interface "qvocb64ea96-9f"     Bridge "br-eth2"         Port "phy-br-eth2"             Interface "phy-br-eth2"         Port "br-eth2"             Interface "br-eth2" type: internal         Port "eth2"             Interface "eth2" ovs_version: "1.11.0" Bridge "br-int" now has a new port "qvocb64ea96-9f" which connects to the VM and tagged with VLAN 1. Every VM which will be launched will add a port on the “br-int” bridge for every network interface the VM has. Another useful command on OVS is dump-flows for example: # ovs-ofctl dump-flows br-int NXST_FLOW reply (xid=0x4): cookie=0x0, duration=735.544s, table=0, n_packets=70, n_bytes=9976, idle_age=17, priority=3,in_port=1,dl_vlan=1000 actions=mod_vlan_vid:1,NORMAL cookie=0x0, duration=76679.786s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, idle_age=65534, hard_age=65534, priority=2,in_port=1 actions=drop cookie=0x0, duration=76681.36s, table=0, n_packets=68, n_bytes=7950, idle_age=17, hard_age=65534, priority=1 actions=NORMAL As we see the port which is connected to the VM has the VLAN tag 1. However the port on the VM network (eth2) will be using tag 1000. OVS is modifying the vlan as the packet flow from the VM to the physical interface. In OpenStack the Open vSwitch agent takes care of programming the flows in Open vSwitch so the users do not have to deal with this at all. If you wish to learn more about how to program the Open vSwitch you can read more about it at http://openvswitch.org looking at the documentation describing the ovs-ofctl command. Network Namespaces (netns) Network namespaces is a very cool Linux feature can be used for many purposes and is heavily used in OpenStack networking. Network namespaces are isolated containers which can hold a network configuration and is not seen from outside of the namespace. A network namespace can be used to encapsulate specific network functionality or provide a network service in isolation as well as simply help to organize a complicated network setup. Using the Oracle OpenStack Tech Preview we are using the latest Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel R3 (UEK3), this kernel provides a complete support for netns. Let's see how namespaces work through couple of examples to control network namespaces we use the ip netns command: Defining a new namespace: # ip netns add my-ns # ip netns list my-ns As mentioned the namespace is an isolated container, we can perform all the normal actions in the namespace context using the exec command for example running the ifconfig command: # ip netns exec my-ns ifconfig -a lo        Link encap:Local Loopback           LOOPBACK  MTU:16436 Metric:1           RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0           RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b) We can run every command in the namespace context, this is especially useful for debug using tcpdump command, we can ping or ssh or define iptables all within the namespace. Connecting the namespace to the outside world: There are various ways to connect into a namespaces and between namespaces we will focus on how this is done in OpenStack. OpenStack uses a combination of Open vSwitch and network namespaces. OVS defines the interfaces and then we can add those interfaces to namespace. So first let's add a bridge to OVS: # ovs-vsctl add-br my-bridge Now let's add a port on the OVS and make it internal: # ovs-vsctl add-port my-bridge my-port # ovs-vsctl set Interface my-port type=internal And let's connect it into the namespace: # ip link set my-port netns my-ns Looking inside the namespace: # ip netns exec my-ns ifconfig -a lo        Link encap:Local Loopback           LOOPBACK  MTU:65536 Metric:1           RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0           RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b) my-port   Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 22:04:45:E2:85:21           BROADCAST  MTU:1500 Metric:1           RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0           RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b) Now we can add more ports to the OVS bridge and connect it to other namespaces or other device like physical interfaces. Neutron is using network namespaces to implement network services such as DCHP, routing, gateway, firewall, load balance and more. In the next post we will go into this in further details. Linux Bridge and veth pairs Linux bridge is used to connect the port from OVS to the VM. Every port goes from the OVS bridge to a Linux bridge and from there to the VM. The reason for using regular Linux bridges is for security groups’ enforcement. Security groups are implemented using iptables and iptables can only be applied to Linux bridges and not to OVS bridges. Veth pairs are used extensively throughout the network setup in OpenStack and are also a good tool to debug a network problem. Veth pairs are simply a virtual wire and so veths always come in pairs. Typically one side of the veth pair will connect to a bridge and the other side to another bridge or simply left as a usable interface. In this example we will create some veth pairs, connect them to bridges and test connectivity. This example is using regular Linux server and not an OpenStack node: Creating a veth pair, note that we define names for both ends: # ip link add veth0 type veth peer name veth1 # ifconfig -a . . veth0     Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 5E:2C:E6:03:D0:17           BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500 Metric:1           RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000           RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b) veth1     Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr E6:B6:E2:6D:42:B8           BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500 Metric:1           RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000           RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b) . . To make the example more meaningful this we will create the following setup: veth0 => veth1 => br-eth3 => eth3 ======> eth2 on another Linux server br-eth3 – a regular Linux bridge which will be connected to veth1 and eth3 eth3 – a physical interface with no IP on it, connected to a private network eth2 – a physical interface on the remote Linux box connected to the private network and configured with the IP of 50.50.50.1 Once we create the setup we will ping 50.50.50.1 (the remote IP) through veth0 to test that the connection is up: # brctl addbr br-eth3 # brctl addif br-eth3 eth3 # brctl addif br-eth3 veth1 # brctl show bridge name     bridge id               STP enabled     interfaces br-eth3         8000.00505682e7f6       no              eth3                                                         veth1 # ifconfig veth0 50.50.50.50 # ping -I veth0 50.50.50.51 PING 50.50.50.51 (50.50.50.51) from 50.50.50.50 veth0: 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 50.50.50.51: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.454 ms 64 bytes from 50.50.50.51: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.298 ms When the naming is not as obvious as the previous example and we don't know who are the paired veth interfaces we can use the ethtool command to figure this out. The ethtool command returns an index we can look up using ip link command, for example: # ethtool -S veth1 NIC statistics: peer_ifindex: 12 # ip link . . 12: veth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 Summary That’s all for now, we quickly reviewed OVS, network namespaces, Linux bridges and veth pairs. These components are heavily used in the OpenStack network architecture we are exploring and understanding them well will be very useful when reviewing the different use cases. In the next post we will look at how the OpenStack network is laid out connecting the virtual machines to each other and to the external world. @RonenKofman

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  • How to connect devices behind Comcast router/modem with devices behind wireless router

    - by deeperDATA
    I know this is going to seem like a simple solution but I have been unable to find a clear answer through Google. Simple office setup: I have a Comcast modem/router that has 4 hard wired ports. In one of those ports I have a Cisco wireless router which also has 4 of its own ports. What is the method for getting devices behind the modem/router to ping/communicate with devices behind the wireless router? They are all on the same subnet but the IP ranges differ. The router produces 192.168.1.1 by default while the Comcast modem/router produces 10.1.10.1 by default. I think what I'm attempting to do might be considered "extending" the modem/router's network but I'm not sure. Thank you in advance for your assistance.

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  • Wired and Wireless USB Network Adapter

    - by Evan M.
    Does anyone know if there are any USB network adapters out there that have both wired and wireless networking capability? Far-fetched, I know, but thought I'd ask. Background: Some of our users have locked down laptops that we also include unlocked virtual machines running on VMware Player. Sometimes the users have a need for network connectivity with their VMs where NAT and bridged networking from the host won't work. To supplement this, we want to supply them with adapters that they can use VMware USB pass through capabilities to provide appropriate connectivity. They will need both wired and wireless capability. Rather than carrying around 2 adapters, was hoping we could get a combination unit so that we can reduce it to 1. Thanks

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  • Linux box acting as wireless access point to share the internet connection

    - by Suresh
    A linux machine is connected to internet over two interfaces ppp0 and ppp1 using two modems. Also this machine acts as wireless access point through an interface say, eth0 with ip address 192.168.1.1 and acts as gateway for the connected devices through this network with subnet mask 255.255.255.0 Now is it possible to achieve the following: When any of the connected devices through wireless AP needs internet connection linux machine has to use ppp1 interface for internet. If any of the applications on the linux machine needs internet connection linux machine should use ppp0 interface for the internet. Can this be achieved by adding rules to chains in filter/nat tables? If the kernel routing table has a default rule to route the default traffic through interface ppp0, wil kernel completely ignore ppp1 for internet? PS: new to networking and routing concepts, If the question is not clear leave a comment, will try to give more information.

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  • afp/smb transfers caps at 2 megabytes/sec, wireless N

    - by CQM
    I wanted to transfer files between two mac computers. The network is wireless-N and both computers have wireless-N modules in them. The problem is that when I transfer files between them, via file sharing (afp) the network speed caps at 2 megabytes/sec. Just downloading files from the internet I can get faster speeds, so this isn't a constriction of my wifi bandwidth, it appears to be a constriction of the protocol being used. My wifi-n is set to 130mbits, so I should see real world transfer speeds around 12-16 megabytes/sec I did this command on both computers sudo sysctl -w net.inet.tcp.delayed_ack=0 which is supposed to lower tcp overhead, but this did not affect it. How can I get the speed I am expecting?

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  • SOHO NETGEAR wireless router disconnects when downloading torrents

    - by Lirik
    I have a NETGEAR WGT624 wireless router at home which dies when there is a heavy torrent load. I open up my torrent client and it downloads for about 5 to 10 minutes and it continues to increase the number of seeds (goes up to 70-80 seeds), but after that the router simply fails and I have to restart it in order to get an internet connection again. When I connect directly via an ethernet cable the router and open up the torrent client, then it seems to be doing fine, but when I go wireless then the router stops working properly (although all the lights are still blinking as normal). Is there any way that I can fix this? New router firmware? Change some router options? Feed it a cookie? Anything?

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  • wireless access point

    - by Warren Bullock III
    I'm hoping to get some suggestions for possible Wireless Access point/router models which will allow us to have two separate networks. We run an internal network on 10.x.x.x IP range where we have shares and other network resources for which we would like to have our regular users access. However, we would also like to offer a separate wireless network for guests which ideally would be on 192.168.x.x and these users would not be able to see any of the resources sitting on the 10.x.x.x network. Anyone have any recommendations on single devices that might be able to get the job done? I was looking at the Linksys E4200 and it seems to support what I'm looking to do... any others? Thanks in advance for any suggestions.

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  • Wireless printer going offline upon entering power save mode

    - by Regmi
    I recently bought a printer, Samsung ML1865W, a wireless laser printer. It works very well, wirelessly until after a while, it goes to power save mode when the printer goes offline. I then cannot connect to the printer (pinging the ip and various ports associated with it do not give any response) until I power cycle the printer. I have checked my wireless settings and my router, I have installed the printer software in WinXP, Win2000 and in Mac and the printer behaves just the same. Any ideas if the printer hardware itself is broken or that its something on my network/application side that's the culprit. If you own the printer, have you had any trouble like that at any time?

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  • disable RADIUS for Cisco 2500 wireless controller

    - by Tim Vaughan
    I have a Cisco 2500 wireless controller and four lightweight access points. I want to use the controller to manage a wireless network secured by WPA only, without using RADIUS or anything else. We'll handle the authentication using a captive portal behind the access points. However, it seems like the controller's default security policy requires a RADIUS server and I can't find out how to switch the policy off. The documentation assumes I'm in an environment which needs heavy-duty security and the use case is actually a small charity/business with much less stringent security requirements. How do I disable the complicated security policy and instead run a simple one that just uses WPA?

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  • No internet connection for some programmes after installing ad hoc wireless network

    - by Michael
    After installing a wireless network (through the program iPhoneModem) several programmes have stopped working when connected to the Internet using another wireless connection. Working programmes: Firefox (browser) uTorrent (p2p) FileZilla (ftp) etc. Programmes that are not working: Chrome (browser) Digsby (IM client) etc. I'm running Windows 7. I have tried to disable Windows Firewall entirely as well as AVG anti virus, with no effect. I've tried to run the FixIt program from Microsoft adressing a corrupt TCP/IP stack. This too had no effect. Any suggestions?

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  • afp/smb transfers caps at 2 megabytes/sec, wireless N

    - by RD.
    I wanted to transfer files between two mac computers. The network is wireless-N and both computers have wireless-N modules in them. The problem is that when I transfer files between them, via file sharing (afp) the network speed caps at 2 megabytes/sec. Just downloading files from the internet I can get faster speeds, so this isn't a constriction of my wifi bandwidth, it appears to be a constriction of the protocol being used. My wifi-n is set to 130mbits, so I should see real world transfer speeds around 12-16 megabytes/sec I did this command on both computers sudo sysctl -w net.inet.tcp.delayed_ack=0 which is supposed to lower tcp overhead, but this did not affect it. How can I get the speed I am expecting?

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  • Microsoft Wireless Keyboard 3000 v2.0 not working, but paired Wireless Mouse 5000 on same receiver does?

    - by John Straka
    I have a Microsoft Wireless Keyboard 3000 v2.0 that was bought paired with a Microsoft Wireless Mouse 5000. They're both Bluetooth and use the same receiver. The keyboard no longer works. The receiver is fine, as the mouse still works. The keyboard is still detected by Windows when the receiver is plugged in. The batteries have been replaced. There are no on/off switches on the keyboard or mouse, and no re-sync button on them or the receiver. Results are the same when using the receiver in a different USB port, or on a different machine. Anything else I might try to fix this, or should I hold a funeral for the keyboard?

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  • Turnkeylinux lampp guest doesn't have internet connection

    - by dave08
    I've set up a turnkeylinux lampp server in virtualbox with two network bridged connections, one for when I'm plugged in to my router, and one for when I'm using a wireless connection. This allowed me to pull up the turnkey control panel on the host machine's browser, but when I try going into the command prompt in the guest and run an apt-get update, it doesn't seem to have an internet connection, even though it seems to have a connection with the host. What could be wrong? Thank you very much in advance for any answers...!

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  • Bridged network on OS X only gets UDP broadcast traffic

    - by a paid nerd
    I've created a bridged network Mac OS X 10.8.5 using ifconfig and TUNTAP for OS X to bridge my wireless connection, en0, with a virtual interface, tap0, which I can use for guest VMs: $ sudo sysctl -w net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 $ sudo sysctl -w net.link.ether.inet.proxyall=1 $ sudo sysctl -w net.inet.ip.fw.enable=1 $ sudo ifconfig bridge0 create $ sudo ifconfig bridge0 addm en0 addm tap0 $ sudo ifconfig bridge0 up $ ifconfig en0: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether 28:cf:xx:xx:xx:xx inet6 xxxx::xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx%en0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4 inet 192.168.100.64 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.100.1 media: autoselect status: active bridge0: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether ac:de:xx:xx:xx:xx Configuration: priority 0 hellotime 0 fwddelay 0 maxage 0 ipfilter disabled flags 0x2 member: en0 flags=3<LEARNING,DISCOVER> port 4 priority 0 path cost 0 member: tap0 flags=3<LEARNING,DISCOVER> port 8 priority 0 path cost 0 tap0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether ca:3d:xx:xx:xx:xx open (pid 88244) However, if I tcpdump -i tap0, I only see broadcast traffic. Shouldn't I see a mirror of everything on en0? (192.168.100.33, the host doing the broadcasting, is another unrelate, noisy server on my LAN.) (I asked a similar question here and will probably close it.)

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  • Instabilities with Bridged and bonded interfaces

    - by Henry-Nicolas Tourneur
    I did post yesterday to get a working setup with several bridged interfaces used for virtual machines (KVM/libvirt). One of the bridged interface is just using eth3 as its ports while the second one (public traffic) is using an ethernet bonded interface. That setup is working but not all the time ! I can start a download from a vm, then it will stop and freeze! So I don't know if my bridge parameters are correct, could you check the below config ? iface eth3 inet manual auto bond0 iface bond0 inet manual slaves eth1 eth2 pre-up ip link set bond0 up down ip link set bond0 down auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 10.160.0.7 netmask 255.255.255.128 bridge_ports eth3 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp on auto br0:1 iface br0:1 inet static address 10.160.0.9 netmask 255.255.255.255 auto br0:2 iface br0:2 inet static address 10.160.0.10 netmask 255.255.255.255 auto br1 iface br1 inet static address 217.4.40.242 netmask 255.255.255.240 gateway 217.4.40.241 pre-up /etc/network/firewall start bridge_ports bond0 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp on auto br1:1 iface br1:1 inet static address 217.4.40.252 netmask 255.255.255.255 auto br1:2 iface br1:2 inet static address 217.4.40.253 netmask 255.255.255.255 And yes, it also sometimes speaks about martian on the host: kernel: [249146.055172] martian source 10.160.0.17 from 10.160.0.10, on dev vnet2 kernel: [249146.073122] ll header: ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:54:52:00:76:c3:5c:08:06

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