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  • Is creating a separate pool for each individual png image in the same class appropriate?

    - by Panzercrisis
    I'm still possibly a little green about object-pooling, and I want to make sure something like this is a sound design pattern before really embarking upon it. Take the following code (which uses the Starling framework in ActionScript 3): [Embed(source = "/../assets/images/game/misc/red_door.png")] private const RED_DOOR:Class; private const RED_DOOR_TEXTURE:Texture = Texture.fromBitmap(new RED_DOOR()); private const m_vRedDoorPool:Vector.<Image> = new Vector.<Image>(50, true); . . . public function produceRedDoor():Image { // get a Red Door image } public function retireRedDoor(pImage:Image):void { // retire a Red Door Image } Except that there are four colors: red, green, blue, and yellow. So now we have a separate pool for each color, a separate produce function for each color, and a separate retire function for each color. Additionally there are several items in the game that follow this 4-color pattern, so for each of them, we have four pools, four produce functions, and four retire functions. There are more colors involved in the images themselves than just their predominant one, so trying to throw all the doors, for instance, in a single pool, and then changing their color properties around isn't going to work. Also the nonexistence of the static keyword is due to its slowness in AS3. Is this the right way to do things?

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  • How can I use UML to model a relationship between two classes, where one has functions exposed as friend to the other?

    - by user1796528
    I have a two classes: ------------ --------------- X Y ------------ --------------- relation ------------ ------------------ --------------- A() C() B() D() E() ------------ --------------- I want to inherit just these two functions from X class, where they are defined with the friend access modifier. My class will be: --------------- Y --------------- --------------- C() A() D() --------------- Y class uses some functions of X class namely A and D. How can I model this relationship in a UML class diagram?

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  • Which are the best tools for Graphic Designing?

    - by Jen
    Hello, I want to take up Graphic Designing as my profession. I would be designing Logos, Icons, Stationery, Brochures, Handouts, Book Covers, etc. But I am thoroughly confused as to which tools are the best and which books/resources will help me learn these tools and graphic designing like a professional. I am ready to shell out money to purchase the resources. Please help me out! Thanks, Jen

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  • OO design - car rental

    - by gkid123
    AnHow would you implement the following car hierarchy along with the accessor functions and a CarRental class which contains the container to store them? A car rental company wants to keep track of its cars. Each vehicle has a license plate and a brand. Currently the company has SUV and Sedans. SUV have an optional third row seat, sedan’s have an optional sport package. Each car can be queried to inquire the number of passengers it can carry.

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  • Is factory method proper design for my problem?

    - by metdos
    Hello Everyone, here is my problem and I'm considering to use factory method in C++, what are your opinions ? There are a Base Class and a lot of Subclasses. I need to transfer objects on network via TCP. I will create objects in first side, and using this object I will create a byte array TCP message, and send it to other side. On the other side I will decompose TCP message, I will create object and I will add this object to a polymorphic queue.

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  • Class hierarchy problem (with generic's variance!)

    - by devoured elysium
    The problem: class StatesChain : IState, IHasStateList { private TasksChain tasks = new TasksChain(); ... public IList<IState> States { get { return _taskChain.Tasks; } } IList<ITask> IHasTasksCollection.Tasks { get { return _taskChain.Tasks; } <-- ERROR! You can't do this in C#! I want to return an IList<ITask> from an IList<IStates>. } } Assuming the IList returned will be read-only, I know that what I'm trying to achieve is safe (or is it not?). Is there any way I can accomplish what I'm trying? I wouldn't want to try to implement myself the TasksChain algorithm (again!), as it would be error prone and would lead to code duplication. Maybe I could just define an abstract Chain and then implement both TasksChain and StatesChain from there? Or maybe implementing a Chain<T> class? How would you approach this situation? The Details: I have defined an ITask interface: public interface ITask { bool Run(); ITask FailureTask { get; } } and a IState interface that inherits from ITask: public interface IState : ITask { IState FailureState { get; } } I have also defined an IHasTasksList interface: interface IHasTasksList { List<Tasks> Tasks { get; } } and an IHasStatesList: interface IHasTasksList { List<Tasks> States { get; } } Now, I have defined a TasksChain, that is a class that has some code logic that will manipulate a chain of tasks (beware that TasksChain is itself a kind of ITask!): class TasksChain : ITask, IHasTasksList { IList<ITask> tasks = new List<ITask>(); ... public List<ITask> Tasks { get { return _tasks; } } ... } I am implementing a State the following way: public class State : IState { private readonly TaskChain _taskChain = new TaskChain(); public State(Precondition precondition, Execution execution) { _taskChain.Tasks.Add(precondition); _taskChain.Tasks.Add(execution); } public bool Run() { return _taskChain.Run(); } public IState FailureState { get { return (IState)_taskChain.Tasks[0].FailureTask; } } ITask ITask.FailureTask { get { return FailureState; } } } which, as you can see, makes use of explicit interface implementations to "hide" FailureTask and instead show FailureState property. The problem comes from the fact that I also want to define a StatesChain, that inherits both from IState and IHasStateList (and that also imples ITask and IHasTaskList, implemented as explicit interfaces) and I want it to also hide IHasTaskList's Tasks and only show IHasStateList's States. (What is contained in "The problem" section should really be after this, but I thought puting it first would be way more reader friendly). (pff..long text) Thanks!

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  • how to pass an id number string to this class

    - by Phil
    I'm very much a vb person, but have had to use this id number class in c#. I got it from http://www.codingsanity.com/idnumber.htm : using System; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; namespace Utilities.SouthAfrica { /// <summary> /// Represents a South African Identity Number. /// valid number = 7707215230080 /// invalid test number = 1234567891234 /// /// </summary> [Serializable()] public class IdentityNumber { #region Enumerations /// <summary> /// Indicates a gender. /// </summary> public enum PersonGender { Female = 0, Male = 5 } public enum PersonCitizenship { SouthAfrican = 0, Foreign = 1 } #endregion #region Declarations static Regex _expression; Match _match; const string _IDExpression = @"(?<Year>[0-9][0-9])(?<Month>([0][1-9])|([1][0-2]))(?<Day>([0-2][0-9])|([3][0-1]))(?<Gender>[0-9])(?<Series>[0-9]{3})(?<Citizenship>[0-9])(?<Uniform>[0-9])(?<Control>[0-9])"; #endregion #region Constuctors /// <summary> /// Sets up the shared objects for ID validation. /// </summary> static IdentityNumber() { _expression = new Regex(_IDExpression, RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Singleline); } /// <summary> /// Creates the ID number from a string. /// </summary> /// <param name="IDNumber">The string ID number.</param> public IdentityNumber(string IDNumber) { _match = _expression.Match(IDNumber.Trim()); } #endregion #region Properties /// <summary> /// Indicates the date of birth encoded in the ID Number. /// </summary> /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException">Thrown if the ID Number is not usable.</exception> public DateTime DateOfBirth { get { if(IsUsable == false) { throw new ArgumentException("ID Number is unusable!", "IDNumber"); } int year = int.Parse(_match.Groups["Year"].Value); // NOTE: Do not optimize by moving these to static, otherwise the calculation may be incorrect // over year changes, especially century changes. int currentCentury = int.Parse(DateTime.Now.Year.ToString().Substring(0, 2) + "00"); int lastCentury = currentCentury - 100; int currentYear = int.Parse(DateTime.Now.Year.ToString().Substring(2, 2)); // If the year is after or at the current YY, then add last century to it, otherwise add // this century. // TODO: YY -> YYYY logic needs thinking about if(year > currentYear) { year += lastCentury; } else { year += currentCentury; } return new DateTime(year, int.Parse(_match.Groups["Month"].Value), int.Parse(_match.Groups["Day"].Value)); } } /// <summary> /// Indicates the gender for the ID number. /// </summary> /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException">Thrown if the ID Number is not usable.</exception> public PersonGender Gender { get { if(IsUsable == false) { throw new ArgumentException("ID Number is unusable!", "IDNumber"); } int gender = int.Parse(_match.Groups["Gender"].Value); if(gender < (int) PersonGender.Male) { return PersonGender.Female; } else { return PersonGender.Male; } } } /// <summary> /// Indicates the citizenship for the ID number. /// </summary> /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException">Thrown if the ID Number is not usable.</exception> public PersonCitizenship Citizenship { get { if(IsUsable == false) { throw new ArgumentException("ID Number is unusable!", "IDNumber"); } return (PersonCitizenship) Enum.Parse(typeof(PersonCitizenship), _match.Groups["Citizenship"].Value); } } /// <summary> /// Indicates if the IDNumber is usable or not. /// </summary> public bool IsUsable { get { return _match.Success; } } /// <summary> /// Indicates if the IDNumber is valid or not. /// </summary> public bool IsValid { get { if(IsUsable == true) { // Calculate total A by adding the figures in the odd positions i.e. the first, third, fifth, // seventh, ninth and eleventh digits. int a = int.Parse(_match.Value.Substring(0, 1)) + int.Parse(_match.Value.Substring(2, 1)) + int.Parse(_match.Value.Substring(4, 1)) + int.Parse(_match.Value.Substring(6, 1)) + int.Parse(_match.Value.Substring(8, 1)) + int.Parse(_match.Value.Substring(10, 1)); // Calculate total B by taking the even figures of the number as a whole number, and then // multiplying that number by 2, and then add the individual figures together. int b = int.Parse(_match.Value.Substring(1, 1) + _match.Value.Substring(3, 1) + _match.Value.Substring(5, 1) + _match.Value.Substring(7, 1) + _match.Value.Substring(9, 1) + _match.Value.Substring(11, 1)); b *= 2; string bString = b.ToString(); b = 0; for(int index = 0; index < bString.Length; index++) { b += int.Parse(bString.Substring(index, 1)); } // Calculate total C by adding total A to total B. int c = a + b; // The control-figure can now be determined by subtracting the ones in figure C from 10. string cString = c.ToString() ; cString = cString.Substring(cString.Length - 1, 1) ; int control = 0; // Where the total C is a multiple of 10, the control figure will be 0. if(cString != "0") { control = 10 - int.Parse(cString.Substring(cString.Length - 1, 1)); } if(_match.Groups["Control"].Value == control.ToString()) { return true; } } return false; } } #endregion } } Here is the code from my default.aspx.cs page: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.UI; using System.Web.UI.WebControls; using Utilities.Southafrica; <- this is the one i added to public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page { protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { var someNumber = new IdentityNumber("123456"); <- gives error } } Can someone please tell the syntax for how I pass an id number to the class? Thanks

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  • How should I prepare the design of a web page for a web developer?

    - by jackal
    What techniques, software or practices do you use to prepare a description of a web page for further development? I am doing some research (with little luck) in how to create description for web developers - what should be included on the web page (inputs widths, font sizes, images placement, etc). Right now I use a combination of Excel and Word documents. In complex cases this is inefficient. Any other suggestions?

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  • Where can I ask web design questions of a more amateur nature?

    - by Warren van Rooyen
    I don't want to bother pro web designers with simple questions as I see most of the questions here are quite technical. An example would be, 'I have a template I've downloaded. The folder contains a css folder and PHP files. How would I bring this into Dreamweaver?' It's unfortunately in a space between what I'd be able to find on Google and asking here without feeling like a hinderance for those who don't want to answer such simple questions. Thanks, Warren.

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  • When should a method of a class return the same instance after modifying itself?

    - by modiX
    I have a class that has three methods A(), B() and C(). Those methods modify the own instance. While the methods have to return an instance when the instance is a separate copy (just as Clone()), I got a free choice to return void or the same instance (return this;) when modifying the same instance in the method and not returning any other value. When deciding for returning the same modified instance, I can do neat method chains like obj.A().B().C();. Would this be the only reason for doing so? Is it even okay to modify the own instance and return it, too? Or should it only return a copy and leave the original object as before? Because when returning the same modified instance the user would maybe admit the returned value is a copy, otherwise it would not be returned? If it's okay, what's the best way to clarify such things on the method?

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  • What are the design decisions involved in choosing how to expose a Java web application?

    - by Gary Rowe
    There are many ways to expose a Java web application to the consumer: application container (JBoss etc), servlet container (Tomcat etc), OSGi (Knopflerfish etc), self-executable WAR (Winstone etc) and so on. Are there any clear considerations where one approach should be favoured over another? As an example, could a collection of self-executable WARs running as raw Unix processes outperform the same applications deployed within Tomcat taking into account administration and scalability concerns?

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  • What is the best way to design a table with an arbitrary id?

    - by P.Brian.Mackey
    I have the need to create a table with a unique id as the PK. The ID is a surrogate key. Originally, I had a natural key, but requirement changes have undermined this idea. Then, I considered adding an auto incrementing identity. But, this presents problems. A. I can't specify my own ID. B. The ID's are difficult to reset. Both of these together make it difficult to copy over this table with new data or move the table across domains, e.g. Dev to QA. I need to refer to these ID's from the front end, JavaScript...so they must not change. So, the only way I am aware of to meet all these challenges is to make a GUID ID. This way, I can overwrite the ID's when I need to or I can generate a new one without concern for order (E.G. an int based id would require I know the last inserted ID). Is a GUID the best way to accomplish my goals? Considering that a GUID is a string and joining on a string is an expensive task, is there a better way?

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  • How can I refactor client side functionality to create a product line-like generic design?

    - by Nupul
    Assume the following situation similar to that of Stack Overflow: I have a system with a front-end that can perform various manipulations on the data (by sending messages to REST back-end): Posting Editing and deleting Adding labels and tags Now in the first version we created it well modularized but the need as of now for 'evolving' the system similar to Stack Overflow. My question is how best to separate the commonality and how to incorporate the variability with respect to the following: Commonality: The above 'functionalities' and sending/receiving the data from the server Look and feel (also a variability as explained below) HTTP verbs associated with the above actions Variability: The RESTful URLs where the requests are sent The text/style of the UI (the commonality is analogous to Stack Overflow - the functionality of upvotes, posting a question remains the same, but the words, the icons, the look and feel is still different across sites) I think this is entirely a client-side code organization/refactoring issue. I'm heavily using jQuery, javascript and backbone for front-end development. My question is how best should I isolate the same to be able to create multiple such aspects to the tool we are currently working on?

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  • What is the typical example of old school website design ?

    - by Pierre 303
    I want to build a website for a retro thing that was popular in the mid 90s (beginning of the commercial internet). So I want use old designs that was very popular at that time. The first thing that comes to my mind was those "under construction" animated gifs. People often put animated gifs everywhere. But also those awful repeating backgrounds. So yes, I want my website to look exactly like in the mid nineties ;) (please suggest practical and usable features, I guess an Java Applet menu would not work today, or saying on the bottom that this website is optimized for Netscape 3) EDIT: for those that wants to see the result: Retrology

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  • Is it normal to think about a design problem for days with no code written? [closed]

    - by Kim Jong Woo
    Sometimes I stare blankly into space or sketch ideas and write some pseudo codes on paper. Then I scratch it out and start again, then when I think I have the correct solution for the problem I begin writing the code. Is it normal to think for days without writing any code? Is this a sign that I am approaching the problem entirely wrong? It makes me nervous to not getting any tangible code written in my IDE.

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  • What is the typical example of old school website design?

    - by Pierre 303
    I want to build a website for a retro thing that was popular in the mid 90s (beginning of the commercial internet). So I want use old designs that was very popular at that time. The first thing that comes to my mind was those "under construction" animated gifs. People often put animated gifs everywhere. But also those awful repeating backgrounds. So yes, I want my website to look exactly like in the mid nineties ;) (please suggest practical and usable features, I guess an Java Applet menu would not work today, or saying on the bottom that this website is optimized for Netscape 3) EDIT: for those that wants to see the result: Retrology

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  • Where can I get resources to design a website like this? [closed]

    - by Jhon Andrew
    I have a project. To make a CMS for an online game. Can anyone suggest me where I can get resources that I can use like vintage borders, seamless old papers or any vintage like patterns, etc. I would like to come up with something like this website for example: http://www.gamezaion.com/ I hope someone would suggest and/or give me ideas, inspirations, and examples how I can come up to something like it. P.S.: I am getting a hard time designing, because I define my self as a developer not a designer.. Lol.

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  • RESTful API design - should a PUT return related data?

    - by alexmcroberts
    I have an API which allows a user to update their system status; and a separate call to retrieve system status updates from other users. Would it make sense to unify them under a PUT request where a user would request a PUT update with their own status update, and they would receive the status updates of other users? My solution would allow the PUT request to call the GET request method internally. The reason behind this is that when a user updates their system status they should be informed of other users status immediately, and I don't feel that having 2 seperate requests is necessary - and should be optional. I intend to keep the GET request for other users status as a status update for a user is not necessarily required in order to retrieve other users status', but once they update their own status is it vital that they get information about other users.

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  • What is a good design pattern / lib for iOS 5 to synchronize with a web service?

    - by Junto
    We are developing an iOS application that needs to synchronize with a remote server using web services. The existing web services have an "operations" style rather than REST (implemented in WCF but exposing JSON HTTP endpoints). We are unsure of how to structure the web services to best fit with iOS and would love some advice. We are also interested in how to manage the synchronization process within iOS. Without going into detailed specifics, the application allows the user to estimate repair costs at a remote site. These costs are broken down by room and item. If the user has an internet connection this data can be sent back to the server. Multiple photographs can be taken of each item, but they will be held in a separate queue, which sends when the connection is optimal (ideally wifi). Our backend application controls the unique ids for each room and item. Thus, each time we send these costs to the server, the server echoes the central database ids back, thus, that they can be synchronized in the mobile app. I have simplified this a little, since the operations contract is actually much larger, but I just want to illustrate the basic requirements without complicating matters. Firstly, the web service architecture: We currently have two operations: GetCosts and UpdateCosts. My assumption is that if we used a strict REST architecture we would need to break our single web service operations into multiple smaller services. This would make the services much more chatty and we would also have to guarantee a delivery order from the app. For example, we need to make sure that containing rooms are added before the item. Although this seems much more RESTful, our perception is that these extra calls are expensive connections (security checks, database calls, etc). Does the type of web api (operation over service focus) determine chunky vs chatty? Since this is mobile (3G), are we better handling lots of smaller messages, or a few large ones? Secondly, the iOS side. What is the current advice on how to manage data synchronization within the iOS (5) app itself. We need multiple queues and we need to guarantee delivery order in each queue (and technically, ordering between queues). The server needs to control unique ids and other properties and echo them back to the application. The application then needs to update an internal database and when re-updating, make sure the correct ids are available in the update message (essentially multiple inserts and updates in one call). Our backend has a ton of business logic operating on these cost estimates. We don't want any of this in the app itself. Currently the iOS app sends the cost data, and then the server echoes that data back with populated ids (and other data). The existing cost data is deleted and the echoed response data is added to the client database on the device. This is causing us problems, because any photos might not have been sent, but the original entity tree has been removed and replaced. Obviously updating the costs tree rather than replacing it would remove this problem, but I'm not sure if there are any nice xcode libraries out there to do such things. I welcome any advice you might have.

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  • What is the best practice for website design and markup now that mobile browsers are common?

    - by Jonathan Drain
    Back in 2008, smartphones were a small market and it was commonplace for sites to be designed for a fixed width - say, 900px or 960px - with the page centered if the browser window was larger. Many designers said fluid width was better, but since user screens typically varied between 1024x768 and 1920x1080, fluid width allowed longer line length than is optimal for ease of reading, and so many sites (including Stack Exchange) use fixed width. Now that mobile devices are common, what is the the best approach to support both desktop and mobile browsers? Establish a separate mobile site (e.g: mobile.example.com) Serve a different CSS to mobile devices; if so how? Server-side browser sniffing, or a @media rule? Use Javascript or something to adapt the website dynamically to the client? Should all websites be expected to be responsive? Some kind of fluid layout Something else?

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  • Language Design: Are languages like phyton and coffescript really more comprehendable?

    - by kittensatplay
    the "Verbally Readable !== Quicker Comprehension" arguement on http://ryanflorence.com/2011/case-against-coffeescript/ is really potent and interesting. i and im sure other would be very interested in evidence arguing against this. there's clear evidence for this and i believe it. ppl naturally think in images, not words, so we should be designing languages dissimilar to human language like english, french, whatever. being "readable" is quicker comprehension. most articles on wikipedia are not readable as they are long, boring, dry, sluggish, very very wordy, and because wikipedia documents a ton of info, is not especially helpful when compared to much more helpful sites with more practical, useful, and relevant info. but languages like phyton and coffescript are "verbally readable" in that they are closer to the english language syntax, and programming firstly and mainly in python, im not so sure this is really a good thing. the second interesting argument is that coffeescript is an intermediator so thereby another step between to ends, which may increase chances of bugs. while coffeescript has other practical benefits, this question is focused specifically on evidence showing support for the counter-case of language "readability"

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  • Is there really anything to gain with complex design? [duplicate]

    - by SB2055
    This question already has an answer here: What is enterprise software, exactly? 8 answers I've been working for a consulting firm for some time, with clients of various sizes, and I've seen web applications ranging in complexity from really simple: MVC Service Layer EF DB To really complex: MVC UoW DI / IoC Repository Service UI Tests Unit Tests Integration Tests But on both ends of the spectrum, the quality requirements are about the same. In simple projects, new devs / consultants can hop on, make changes, and contribute immediately, without having to wade through 6 layers of abstraction to understand what's going on, or risking misunderstanding some complex abstraction and costing down the line. In all cases, there was never a need to actually make code swappable or reusable - and the tests were never actually maintained past the first iteration because requirements changed, it was too time-consuming, deadlines, business pressure, etc etc. So if - in the end - testing and interfaces aren't used rapid development (read: cost-savings) is a priority the project's requirements will be changing a lot while in development ...would it be wrong to recommend a super-simple architecture, even to solve a complex problem, for an enterprise client? Is it complexity that defines enterprise solutions, or is it the reliability, # concurrent users, ease-of-maintenance, or all of the above? I know this is a very vague question, and any answer wouldn't apply to all cases, but I'm interested in hearing from devs / consultants that have been in the business for a while and that have worked with these varying degrees of complexity, to hear if the cool-but-expensive abstractions are worth the overall cost, at least while the project is in development.

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  • In an online questionnaire, what is a best way to design a database for keeping track of users all attempts?

    - by user1990525
    We have a web app where users can take online exams. Exam admin will create a questionnaire. A questionnaire can have many Questions. Each question is a multiple choice question (MCQ). Lets say an admin creates a questionnaire with 10 questions. Users attempt those questions. Now, unlike real exams users can attempt single questionnaire multiple times. And we have to keep track of his all attempts. e.g. User_id Questionnaire_id question_id answer attempt_date attempt_no 1 1 1 a 1 June 2013 1 1 1 2 b 1 June 2013 1 1 1 1 c 2 June 2013 2 1 1 2 d 2 June 2013 2 Now it can also happen that after user has attempted same questionnare twice, admin can delete a question from same questionnaire, but users attempt history should still have reference to that so that user can see his that question in his attempt history in spite of admin deleting that question. If user now attempts this changed questionnaire he should see only 1 question. User_id Questionnaire_id question_id answer attempt_date attempt_no 1 1 1 a 3 June 2013 3 Also, after this user modified some part of question, users attempt history should show question before modification while any new attempt should show modified question. How do we manage this at the database level? My first gut feeling was that, For deletes, do not do physical delete, just make a question inactive so that history can still keep track of users attempt. For modifications, create versions for questions and each new attempt refres to latest version of each question and history keeping reference to version of question at attempt time.

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  • Should library classes be wrapped before using them in unit testing?

    - by Songo
    I'm doing unit testing and in one of my classes I need to send a mail from one of the methods, so using constructor injection I inject an instance of Zend_Mail class which is in Zend framework. Example: class Logger{ private $mailer; function __construct(Zend_Mail $mail){ $this->mail=$mail; } function toBeTestedFunction(){ //Some code $this->mail->setTo('some value'); $this->mail->setSubject('some value'); $this->mail->setBody('some value'); $this->mail->send(); //Some } } However, Unit testing demands that I test one component at a time, so I need to mock the Zend_Mail class. In addition I'm violating the Dependency Inversion principle as my Logger class now depends on concretion not abstraction. Does that mean that I can never use a library class directly and must always wrap it in a class of my own? Example: interface Mailer{ public function setTo($to); public function setSubject($subject); public function setBody($body); public function send(); } class MyMailer implements Mailer{ private $mailer; function __construct(){ $this->mail=new Zend_Mail; //The class isn't injected this time } function setTo($to){ $this->mailer->setTo($to); } //implement the rest of the interface functions similarly } And now my Logger class can be happy :D class Logger{ private $mailer; function __construct(Mailer $mail){ $this->mail=$mail; } //rest of the code unchanged } Questions: Although I solved the mocking problem by introducing an interface, I have created a totally new class Mailer that now needs to be unit tested although it only wraps Zend_Mail which is already unit tested by the Zend team. Is there a better approach to all this? Zend_Mail's send() function could actually have a Zend_Transport object when called (i.e. public function send($transport = null)). Does this make the idea of a wrapper class more appealing? The code is in PHP, but answers doesn't have to be. This is more of a design issue than a language specific feature

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