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  • Equivalents to Z80 DJNZ instruction on other architectures?

    - by Justin Ethier
    First a little background. The z80 CPU has an instruction called DJNZ which can be used in a similar manner as a for loop. Basically DJNZ decrements the B register and jumps to a label if not zero. For example: ld b,96 ; erase all of the line disp_version_erase_loop: call _vputblank ; erase pixels at cursor (uses b reg) djnz disp_version_erase_loop ; loop Of course you can do the same thing using regular comparison and jump instructions, but often it is handy to use the single instruction. With that out of the way, my question is, do other CPU architectures include a similar control instruction?

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  • Character encoding issues when generating MD5 hash cross-platform

    - by rogueprocess
    This is a general question about character encoding when using MD5 libraries in various languages. My concern is: suppose I generate an MD5 hash using a native Python string object, like this: message = "hello world" m = md5() m.update(message) Then I take a hex version of that MD5 hash using: m.hexdigest() and send the message & MD5 hash via a network, let's say, a JMS message or a HTTP request. Now I get this message in a Java program in the form of a native Java string, along with the checksum. Then I generate an MD5 hash using Java, like this (using the Commons Codec library): String md5 = org.apache.commons.codec.digest.DigestUtils.DigestUtils.md5Hex(s) My feeling is that this is wrong because I have not specified character encodng at either end. So the original hash will be based on the bytes of the Python version of the string; the Java one will be based on the bytes of the Java version of the string , these two byte sequences will often not be the same - is that right? So really I need to specify "UTF-8" or whatever at both ends right? (I am actually getting an intermittent error in my code where the MD5 checksum fails, and I suspect this is the reason - but because it's intermittent, it's difficult to say if changing this fixes it or not. ) Thank you!

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  • x86 CMP Instruction Difference

    - by Pindatjuh
    Question What is the (non-trivial) difference between the following two x86 instructions? 39 /r CMP r/m32,r32 Compare r32 with r/m32 3B /r CMP r32,r/m32 Compare r/m32 with r32 Background I'm building a Java assembler, which will be used by my compiler's intermediate language to produce Windows-32 executables. Currently I have following code: final ModelBase mb = new ModelBase(); // create new memory model mb.addCode(new Compare(Register.ECX, Register.EAX)); // add code mb.addCode(new Compare(Register.EAX, Register.ECX)); // add code final FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("test.exe")); mb.writeToFile(fos); fos.close(); To output a valid executable file, which contains two CMP instruction in a TEXT-section. The executable outputted to "text.exe" will do nothing interesting, but that's not the point. The class Compare is a wrapper around the CMP instruction. The above code produces (inspecting with OllyDbg): Address Hex dump Command 0040101F |. 3BC8 CMP ECX,EAX 00401021 |. 3BC1 CMP EAX,ECX The difference is subtle: if I use the 39 byte-opcode: Address Hex dump Command 0040101F |. 39C1 CMP ECX,EAX 00401021 |. 39C8 CMP EAX,ECX Which makes me wonder about their synonymity and why this even exists.

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  • c# and linq: want {1,1,2,3} == {1,2,3,1} returns true but {1,1,2,3} == {1,2,3} returns false

    - by dFlat
    I have two sets, both IEnumerables, and I want to compare them. string[] names1 = { "tom", "dick", "harry" }; string[] names2 = { "tom", "dick", "harry", "harry"}; string[] names3 = { "tom", "dick", "harry", "sally" }; string[] names4 = { "dick", "harry", "tom" }; Want names1 == names4 to return true (and self == self returns true obviously) But all other combos return false. What is the most efficient way? These can be large sets of complex objects. I looked at doing: var a = name1.orderby<MyCustomType, string>(v => v.Name); var b = name4.orderby<MyCustomType, string>(v => v.Name); return a == b;

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  • set equal height on multiple divs

    - by Greenie
    I need to set equal height on a series of divs inside another div wrapper. The problem is that I dont want the same height on all of them. The page kind of have 3 columns and the floating divs can be 1, 2 or 3 columns wide. The divs float left, so the following example will give me three rows of divs in my wrapper. How can I set equal height on the divs that are in the same row? In my example I want nr 1 and 2 to have equal height and 3, 4 and 5 another equal height? I cant know beforehand how many divs there is or how wide or high they are. Edit: They can be for instance 300, 600 or 900 px wide and the page width is 900px <div id="wrapper"> <div class="one-wide">nr1</div> <div class="two-wide">nr2</div> <div class="one-wide">nr3</div> <div class="one-wide">nr4</div> <div class="one-wide">nr5</div> <div class="three-wide">nr6</div> </div> Im thinking I somehow need to figure out when the added width of the divs is at the full page width and set equal height on those. Then do the same on the next divs. But I cant wrap my head around it. Currently im just using this to set the height on the children of the wrapper: $.fn.equalHeights = function(px) { $(this).each(function(){ var currentTallest = 0; $(this).children().each(function(i){ if ($(this).height() > currentTallest) { currentTallest = $(this).height(); } }); // for ie6, set height since min-height isn't supported if ($.browser.msie && $.browser.version == 6.0) { $(this).children().css({'height': currentTallest}); } $(this).children('div').css({'min-height': currentTallest}); }); return this; };

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  • Using ETS Select To Form An Intersection

    - by Ruhi
    i have the following ets structure: SomeTable = ets:new(sometable, [bag]). ets:insert(SomeTable, [ {set1,item1}, {set1,item2}, {set1,item3}, {set2,item1}, {set2,item2}, {set2,item4}]). i want to get intersection of set1 and set2 using ets:select and fun2ms, result will be [item1, item2]. i spent hours and hours trying to accomplist it with ets:select and fun2ms with no success. can you help me out using ets:select and fun2ms? thanks for all answers! ps: i know about sets module, but i have to use ets and this exact data structure.

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  • How do I make PHP's Magic __set work like a natural variable?

    - by Navarr
    Basically, what I want to do is create a class called Variables that uses sessions to store everything in it, allowing me to quickly get and store data that needs to be used throughout the entire site without working directly with sessions. Right now, my code looks like this: <?php class Variables { public function __construct() { if(session_id() === "") { session_start(); } } public function __set($name,$value) { $_SESSION["Variables"][$name] = $value; } public function __get($name) { return $_SESSION["Variables"][$name]; } public function __isset($name) { return isset($_SESSION["Variables"][$name]); } } However, when I try to use it like a natural variable, for example... $tpl = new Variables; $tpl->test[2] = Moo; echo($tpl->test[2]); I end up getting "o" instead of "Moo" as it sets test to be "Moo," completely ignoring the array. I know I can work around it by doing $tpl->test = array("Test","Test","Moo"); echo($tpl->test[2]); but I would like to be able to use it as if it was a natural variable. Is this possible?

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  • Parent Child Relationships with Fluent NHibernate?

    - by ElHaix
    I would like to create a cascading tree/list of N number of children for a given parent, where a child can also become a parent. Given the following data structure: CountryType=1; ColorType=3; StateType=5 6,7,8 = {Can, US, Mex} 10, 11, 12 = {Red, White, Blue} 20,21,22= {California, Florida, Alberta} TreeID ListTypeID ParentTreeID ListItemID 1 1 Null 6 (Canada is a Country) 2 1 Null 7 (US is a Country) 3 1 Null 8 (Mexico is a Country) 4 3 3 10 (Mexico has Red) 5 3 3 11 (Mexico has White) 6 5 1 22 (Alberta is in Canada) 7 5 7 20 (California is in US) 8 5 7 21 (Florida is in US) 9 3 6 10 (Alberta is Red) 10 3 6 12 (Alberta is Blue) 11 3 2 10 (US is Red) 12 3 2 11 (Us is Blue) How would this be represented in Fluent NHibernate classes? Some direction would be appreciated. Thanks.

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  • Basic Question on storing variables c# for use in other classes

    - by Calibre2010
    Ok guys I basically have a class which takes in 3 strings through the parameter of one of its method signatures. I've then tried to map these 3 strings to global variables as a way to store them. However, when I try to call these global variables from another class after instantiating this class they display as null values. this is the class which gets the 3 strings through the method setDate, and the mapping.. public class DateLogic { public string year1; public string month1; public string day1; public DateLogic() { } public void setDate(string year, string month, string day) { year1 = year; month1 = month; day1 = day; // getDate(); } public string getDate() { return year1 + " " + month1 + " " + day1; } } After this I try call this class from here public static string TimeLine2(this HtmlHelper helper, string myString2) { DateLogic g = new DateLogic(); string sday = g.day1; string smonth = g.month1; string syr = g.year1; } I've been debugging and the values make it all the way to the global variables but when called from this class here it doesnt show them, just shows null. Is this cause I'm creating a brand new instance, how do i resolve this?

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  • CLI include paths to run zend framework via cron

    - by summerg
    I wrote a command line utility using Zend Framework to do some nightly reporting. It uses a ton of the same functionality the accompanying site. It works great when I run it by hand, but when I run it on cron I have include path issues. Seems like it should be easily fixed with set_include_path, but maybe I'm missing something? My directory structure looks like this: /var/www/clientname/ application Globals.php commandline commandline_bootstrap.php public_html public_bootstrap.php library Zend In public_bootstrap.php I use set_include_path without a problem, relative to the current directory: set_include_path('../library' . PATH_SEPARATOR . get_include_path()); If I understand correctly, in commandline_bootstrap.php I need to put in the absolute path, so cron knows where everything is. My file starts like this: error_reporting(E_ALL); set_include_path('/var/www/clientname/library' . PATH_SEPARATOR . get_include_path()); require_once "../application/Globals.php"; But when I run it via cron I get the following error: PHP Fatal error: require_once(): Failed opening required '../application/Globals.php' (include_path='/var/www/clientname/library/') in /var/www/clientname/commandline/zfcli.php on line 11 I think PHP is accepting my new path, because when I run it command line and dump the phpinfo I can see: include_path = /var/www/clientname/library/:.:/usr/share/pear:/usr/share/php = .:/usr/share/pear:/usr/share/php I admit the syntax here looks a little strange, but I can’t figure out how to fix it. Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated. Thanks summer

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  • Ruby Inserting Key, Value elements in Hash.

    - by kokogyi
    I want to add elements to my Hash lists, which can have more than one value. Here is my code. I don't know how I can solve it! class dictionary def initialize(publisher) @publisher=publisher @list=Hash.new() end def []=(key,value) @list << key unless @list.has_key?(key) @list[key] = value end end dic = Dictionary.new dic["tall"] = ["long", "word-2", "word-3"] p dic Many thanks in advance. regards, koko

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  • Using a map with set_intersection

    - by Robin Welch
    Not used set_intersection before, but I believe it will work with maps. I wrote the following example code but it doesn't give me what I'd expect: #include <map> #include <string> #include <iostream> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; struct Money { double amount; string currency; bool operator< ( const Money& rhs ) const { if ( amount != rhs.amount ) return ( amount < rhs.amount ); return ( currency < rhs.currency ); } }; int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { Money mn[] = { { 2.32, "USD" }, { 2.76, "USD" }, { 4.30, "GBP" }, { 1.21, "GBP" }, { 1.37, "GBP" }, { 6.74, "GBP" }, { 2.55, "EUR" } }; typedef pair< int, Money > MoneyPair; typedef map< int, Money > MoneyMap; MoneyMap map1; map1.insert( MoneyPair( 1, mn[1] ) ); map1.insert( MoneyPair( 2, mn[2] ) ); map1.insert( MoneyPair( 3, mn[3] ) ); // (3) map1.insert( MoneyPair( 4, mn[4] ) ); // (4) MoneyMap map2; map1.insert( MoneyPair( 3, mn[3] ) ); // (3) map1.insert( MoneyPair( 4, mn[4] ) ); // (4) map1.insert( MoneyPair( 5, mn[5] ) ); map1.insert( MoneyPair( 6, mn[6] ) ); map1.insert( MoneyPair( 7, mn[7] ) ); MoneyMap out; MoneyMap::iterator out_itr( out.begin() ); set_intersection( map1.begin(), map1.end(), map2.begin(), map2.end(), inserter( out, out_itr ) ); cout << "intersection has " << out.size() << " elements." << endl; return 0; } Since the pair labelled (3) and (4) appear in both maps, I was expecting that I'd get 2 elements in the intersection, but no, I get: intersection has 0 elements. I'm sure this is something to do with the comparitor on the map / pair but can't figure it out.

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  • New instruction sets in CPU

    - by Tomek Tarczynski
    Every new generation of CPU introduces some sets of new instruction, ie.: MMX,3DNOW,SSE and so on. I've got few general questions about them: 1) If some program uses for example SSE instruction can it be run on CPU that doesn't support SSE? 2) If yes , does it mean that those instuction will be changed to some greater number of simpler instuctions? 3) If not, does it mean that the real perfomance impact of such new instructions will be after few years when most CPU will support such technology (so there won't be any incompatibilities)? 4) When I compile a C++ program with optimizations does it mean that it'll use some of this new instructions? (I know that it depends on many factors, especcialy on the code, but I want some general answer) Or are they reserved mostly for programs written in asm?

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  • Perl latin-9? Unicode - need to add support

    - by Phill Pafford
    I have an application that is being expanded to the UK and I will need to add support for Latin-9 Unicode. I have done some Googling but found nothing solid as to what is involved in the process. Any tips? Here is some code (Just the bits for Unicode stuff) use Unicode::String qw(utf8 latin1 utf16); # How to call $encoded_txt = $self->unicode_encode($item->{value}); # Function part sub unicode_encode { shift() if ref($_[0]); my $toencode = shift(); return undef unless defined($toencode); Unicode::String->stringify_as("utf8"); my $unicode_str = Unicode::String->new(); # encode Perl UTF-8 string into latin1 Unicode::String # - currently only Basic Latin and Latin 1 Supplement # are supported here due to issues with Unicode::String . $unicode_str->latin1( $toencode ); ... Any help would be great and thanks.

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  • Java - Make an object collection friendly

    - by DutrowLLC
    If an object holds a unique primary key, what interfaces does it need to implement in order to be collection friendly especially in terms of being efficiently sortable, hashable, etc...? If the primary key is a string, how are these interfaces best implemented? Thanks!

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  • How can I find out if an data- attribute is set to an empty value?

    - by Stephan Wagner
    Is there a way to find out if an data- attribute is set to an empty value or if it is not set at all? See this fiddle example (Check the console when clicking on the elements): http://jsfiddle.net/StephanWagner/yy8qvwfp/ <div onclick="console.log($(this).attr('data-test'))">undefined</div> <div data-test="" onclick="console.log($(this).attr('data-test'))">empty</div> <!-- this one will also return an empty value --> <div data-test onclick="console.log($(this).attr('data-test'))">null</div> <div data-test="value" onclick="console.log($(this).attr('data-test'))">value</div> Im having the issue with the third example. I need to know if the attribute actually is set to an empty value or if it is not set at all. Is that actually possible? EDIT: The reason I'm asking is that I'm updating content with the attributes value, so data-test="" should update the content to an empty value, but data-test should do nothing at all

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  • php - track down premature headers leak

    - by user151841
    I'm using set_cookie() on a site. After adding some functionality, I'm getting Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by... error. The line number it references as to where the headers initiated from is the very line where set_cookie() is! And I checked, it's not being called twice. How can I track down these premature headers? I looked at the source code and didn't see any stray characters or anything before the error message starts ( I'm using xdebug, so the first thing is a , which I thought was me, but is actually the beginning of the xdebug message ). I've grepped my code for extra echo and so forth -- nothing. Can PHP tell me when and where the headers are starting? Or are they really starting on the set_cookie line, and if so, how have I gotten myself into this situation, and how do I get out?

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  • Unique elements of list within list in python

    - by user2901061
    We are given a list of animals in different zoos and need to find which zoos have animals that are not in any others. The animals of each zoo are separated by spaces, and each zoo is originally separated by a comma. I am currently enumerating over all of the zoos to split each animal and create lists within lists for different zoos as such: for i, zoo in enumerate(zoos): zoos[i] = zoo.split() However, I then do not know how to tell and count how many of the zoos have unique animals. I figure it is something else with enumerate and possibly sets, but cannot get it down exactly. Any help is greatly appreciated. Thanks

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  • Unwanted behaviour from dict.fromkeys

    - by Anthony Labarre
    Hi there, I'd like to initialise a dictionary of sets (in Python 2.6) using dict.fromkeys, but the resulting structure behaves strangely. More specifically: >>>> x = {}.fromkeys(range(10), set([])) >>>> x {0: set([]), 1: set([]), 2: set([]), 3: set([]), 4: set([]), 5: set([]), 6: set([]), 7: set([]), 8: set([]), 9: set([])} >>>> x[5].add(3) >>>> x {0: set([3]), 1: set([3]), 2: set([3]), 3: set([3]), 4: set([3]), 5: set([3]), 6: set([3]), 7: set([3]), 8: set([3]), 9: set([3])} I obviously don't want to add 3 to all sets, only to the set that corresponds to x[5]. Of course, I can avoid the problem by initialising x without fromkeys, but I'd like to understand what I'm missing here.

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  • Cannot use String.Empty as a default value for an optional parameter in C# - then what's the point?

    - by Mikeyg36
    I am reading Effective C# by Bill Wagner. In Item 14 - Minimize Duplicate Initialization Logic, he shows the following example of using the new optional parameters feature in a constructor: public MyClass(int initialCount = 0, string name = "") Notice that he used "" instead of string.Empty. He comments: You'll note [in an example above] that the second constructor specified "" for the default value on the name parameter, rather than the more customary string.Empty. That's because string.Empty is not a compile-time constant. It is a static property defined in the string class. Because it is not a compile constant, you cannot use it for the default value for a parameter. If we cannot use the string.Empty static in all situations, then doesn't that defeat the purpose of it? I thought that we would use it to be sure that we have a system-independent means of referring to the empty string. Is my understanding wrong? Thanks.

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  • Sorted sets and comparators

    - by Jack
    Hello, I'm working with a TreeSetthat is meant to store pathfind locations used during the execution of a A* algorithm. Basically until there are "open" elements (still to be exhaustively visited) the neighbours of every open element are taken into consideration and added to a SortedSetthat keeps them ordered by their cost and heuristic cost. This means that I have a class like: public class PathTileInfo implements Comparable<PathTileInfo> { int cost; int hCost; final int x, y; @Override public int compareTo(PathTileInfo t2) { int c = cost + hCost; int c2 = t2.cost + t2.hCost; int costComp = c < c2 ? -1 : (c > c2 ? 1: 0); return costComp != 0 ? costComp : (x < t2.x || y < t2.y ? -1 : (x > t2.x || y > t2.y ? 1 : 0)); } @Override public boolean equals(Object o2) { if (o2 instanceof PathTileInfo) { PathTileInfo i = (PathTileInfo)o2; return i.cost + i.hCost == cost + hCost && x == i.x && y == i.y; } return false; } } In this way first the total cost is considered, then, since a total ordering is needed (consistency with equals) a ordering according to the x,y coordinate is taken into account. This should work but simply it doesn't, if I iterate over the TreeSet during the algorithm execution like in for (PathTileInfo t : openSet) System.out.print("("+t.x+","+t.y+","+(t.cost+t.hCost)+") "); I get results in which the right ordering is not kept, eg: (7,7,6) (7,6,7) (6,8,6) (6,6,7) (5,8,7) (5,7,7) (6,7,6) (6,6,7) (6,5,7) (5,7,7) (5,5,8) (4,7,7) (4,6,8) (4,5,8) is there something subtle I am missing? Thanks!

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