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• How to import certificate for Apache + LDAPS?

  - by user101956

  I am trying to get ldaps to work through Apache 2.2.17 (Windows Server 2008). If I use ldap (plain text) my configuration works great. LDAPTrustedGlobalCert CA_DER C:/wamp/certs/Trusted_Root_Certificate.cer LDAPVerifyServerCert Off <Location /> AuthLDAPBindDN "CN=corpsvcatlas,OU=Service Accounts,OU=u00958,OU=00958,DC=hca,DC=corpad,DC=net" AuthLDAPBindPassword ..removed.. AuthLDAPURL "ldaps://gc-hca.corpad.net:3269/dc=hca,dc=corpad,dc=net?sAMAccountName?sub" AuthType Basic AuthName "USE YOUR WINDOWS ACCOUNT" AuthBasicProvider ldap AuthUserFile /dev/null require valid-user </Location> I also tried the other encryption choices besides CA_DER just to be safe, with no luck. Finally, I also needed this with Apache tomcat. For tomcat I used the tomcat JRE and ran a line like this: keytool -import -trustcacerts -keystore cacerts -storepass changeit -noprompt -alias mycert -file Trusted_Root_Certificate.cer After doing the above line ldaps worked greate via tomcat. This lets me know that my certificate is a-ok. Update: Both ldap modules are turned on, since using ldap instead of ldaps works fine. When I run a git clone this is the error returned: C:\Tempgit clone http://eqb9718@localhost/git/Liferay.git Cloning into Liferay... Password: error: The requested URL returned error: 500 while accessing http://eqb9718@loca lhost/git/Liferay.git/info/refs fatal: HTTP request failed access.log has this: 127.0.0.1 - eqb9718 [23/Nov/2011:18:25:12 -0600] "GET /git/Liferay.git/info/refs service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1" 500 535 127.0.0.1 - eqb9718 [23/Nov/2011:18:25:33 -0600] "GET /git/Liferay.git/info/refs HTTP/1.1" 500 535 apache_error.log has nothing. Is there any more verbose logging I can turn on or better tests to do?

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• Gmail: security warning icon

  - by Notetaker

  Hello, I just enabled some Gmail Labs programs in my Gmail account, and then I noticed the orange triangle icon with an exclamation mark in it at the end of the address bar of my Google Chrome browser. Clicking on it brought forth a "Security Information' dialog box, with the following messages: "--mail.google.com The identity of website has been verified by Thawlte SGC CA. --Your connection to mail.google.com is encrypted with 128-bit encryption. However, this page includes other resources which are not secure. These resources can be viewed by others while in transit, and can be modified by an attacker to change the look or behavior of the page." I then logged into two of my other Gmail accounts, one of which has no Gmail Labs programs enabled, and the other with 1 program enabled quite some time ago, both with the same result as above (i.e., with the appearance of the orange triangle warning sign in the address bar). I don't remember seeing the orange triangle before, but I'm not sure if it has ever appeared or not. I have "Always use https" enabled for my Gmail accounts. My questions are: Is there a way to identify and remove these un-secure "resources"? (Could enabling Gmail Labs programs have brought these on?) Meanwhile, are my Gmail accounts compromised and unsafe to use? If so, what should I being doing about that now? After this problem is solved, would I need to reset the password to my Gmail accounts, and/or take any other measures to restore their security? Many thanks for answering my questions!

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• Intel Wireless 4965AGN not achieving N throughput when connected to an Airport Express N network

  - by BenA

  I have an Intel Wireless WiFi Link 4965AGN adaptor in my laptop (HP Pavillion dv2000 series) which is connecting to a 5Ghz-only 802.11n network provided by an Apple Airport Express. The network is using WPA2 encryption. My desktop is also connected the Airport, via a Linksys WUSB600N USB adaptor. Both are running with the latest drivers, and the Airport is running the latest firmware. The Airport is also configured to use wide channels. The problem I have is that I never get throughput above 4MB/s when transferring files between the two machines. Even a pessimistic calculation shows a 270Mbps network as being capable of transfer rates at well above 10MB/s. I'm pretty sure I've isolated the issue to being the Intel adaptor, as wiring the desktop to the AP, and using the Linksys adaptor on the laptop immediately yielded speeds limited by the 100MB/s ethernet connection. I know that 802.11n is still a draft standard, and so mixing kit from different manufacturers can easily lead to poor results, but I was just wondering if anybody else out there has had success with this Intel adaptor on an N network? Or even better, connecting it to an Airport Express? Can anybody give me any advice on how to troubleshoot this issue? I should also mention that the Airport Express doesn't allow you to manually specify channels when running in N mode, and that I've been able to rule out interference from other Wireless LANs by scanning. There aren't any other 5GHz networks in my area. All ideas welcome! Update: A while later, I've just updated to the most recent drivers for both the Intel chip in the laptop, and the USB adaptor. Unfortunately this hasn't improved things :(. If anybody has any advice it would be be gratefully received.

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• ubuntu 9.04 pptp broken after a power failure

  - by kevin42

  I have a small Ubuntu 9.04 router setup as a NAT box and a PPTP server. After a power failure everything except the PPTP server still works. A windows client gets to "registering your computer on the network" but then says Error 742: The remote computer does not support the required data encryption type. I did some research and I think the problem is with the ppp_mppe module. When I try to run 'modprobe ppp_mppe' it hangs indefinitely. What would cause this hang? Any ideas how I can troubleshoot this further? Thanks for the help! UPDATE: I am still having the problem, however I have found some more information. When the first user tries to connect to pptp, the process list shows modprobe sha1 running, and one instance of modprobe ppp_mppe for each connection attempt. If I killall modprobe at this point the next connection attempt works, and everything is fine until the next reboot. I'm planning to do a clean install at some point in the future but I'd really like to get to the real cause of this.

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• big speed difference on a network link with and without VPN tunnel

  - by xirtyllo

  Scenario: We have a network link between two offices. The link is provided by a third party company through a VLAN on their network, but to us it is totally transparent -as if we had a simple ethernet cable going from one location to the other-. We have one router at each side of the link, with 3 VPN tunnels in between the two. The test: When I test the speed of the network link with the routers in place, with one laptop directly connected to the router on each side, I consistently get ~30/35Mbps. But if I take out the routers and I test the link connecting the laptops directly to the ethernet cable at each side, I consistently get ~85/88Mbps. It's quite a big performance hit, and I would tend to think that the VPN tunnels are responsible for the slow down. Is it normal that this configuration (two routers with three VPN tunnels between them) takes away so much bandwidth? More info: The encryption algorithm used for the VPN tunnels is AES128. The routers model is Zyxel USG200 and Zyxel USG1000, and their CPU, memory, and storage use is well within normal limits. The nominal bandwidth of the network link is 100Mbps. The network link in question is supplied by a third party company (the building in between our two offices). Basically it passes through their network as a VLAN, but the VLAN is completely transparent to us (e.g. no configuration required on our side, just like one single cable from end to end). Unfortunately (or maybe fortunately) I cannot directly test different routers configurations as I'm not the person in charge of it.

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• mdadm+zfs vs mdadm+lvm

  - by Alex

  This may be a naive question since I'm new to this and I cannot find any results about mdadm+zfs, but after some testing it seems it might work: The use case is a server with RAID6 for some data that is backed-up somewhat infrequently. I think I'm well served by any of ZFS or RAID6. Platform is Linux. Performance is secondary. So the two setups I am considering are: A RAID6 array plus regular LVM and ext4 A RAID6 array plus ZFS (without redundancy). Is this second option that I don't see discussed at all. Why ZFS+RAID6? It's mainly because the inability of ZFS to grow a raidz2 with new disks. You can replace disks with larger ones, I know, but not add another disk. You can accomplish 2-disk redundancy and ZFS disk growth using mdadm as the redundancy layer. Besides that main point (otherwise I could go directly to raidz2 without RAID under it), these are the pros-cons that I see for each option: ZFS has snapshots without preallocated space. LVM requires preallocation (might be no longer true). ZFS has checksumming (very interested in this) and compression (nice bonus). LVM has online filesystem growth (ZFS can do it offline with export/mdadm --grow/import). LVM has encryption (ZFS-on-Linux has not). This is the only major con of this combo I see. I guess I could go RAID6+LVM+ZFS... seems too heavy, or not? So, to close with a proper question: 1) Is there anything that inherently discourages or precludes RAID6+ZFS? Anyone has experience with a setup like this? 2) Are there possibilities for checksumming and compression that would make ZFS unnecessary (maintaining the possibility of filesystem growth)? Because the RAID6+LVM combo seems the sanctioned, tested way.

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• Network corruption - corrupt downloads, corrupt streams, etc.

  - by rfrankel

  I've been having some problems with my home LAN. Downloaded executables won't run, my remote desktop sessions keep getting interrupted due to encryption errors, flash video streams show visible corruption (both Hulu and YouTube), and I've had a couple downloads for which the md5 hashes don't match. The problem has even occurred with a couple images embedded in webpages, though that's rare enough (presumably because images are relatively smaller files). I've had this problem across two Windows machines and a Mac, so it's neither machine-specific nor at the app or OS level. Comcast claims it's nothing to do with them, and my Linksys/Cisco RV016 router is out of warranty, so I have no access to official support. When I log into my router, it shows no error packets or dropped packets received. I plugged a laptop directly into the router and was able to download a 5.5 MB file and verify its MD5 hash, which is not proof that the problem is downstream of the router, but makes it seem quite likely, since I failed to download the same file several times from two desktops (one Mac, one Windows). Could this be a wiring problem? If so, is there any way clever/elegant to determine which wiring is faulty with just software? If I can avoid tracing all the wires throughout my entire house it would make my life quite a bit easier.

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• Wifi network undetectable on a Lenovo G470

  - by Rex

  I have a WPA2 secured network with a visible SSID at home that works perfectly fine with a Dell laptop,a HP netbook and sundry mobile phones. When I try connecting my sister's Lenovo G470, it refuses to detect the wifi network no matter what, but shows up the neighbors' networks. The Lenovo also works correctly at her office. Both laptops run Windows 7. Already tried/checked the following: Manually configure wifi network settings (copied over from the Dell) Ensure there is no MAC address filtering on the router. Ensure router DHCP server is not running out of addresses to assign (I have set it to allocate upto 10). Reboot laptop, router etc. Is this a known problem, and is there anything else one could try? Update - The problematic Lenovo uses Windows 7 Home Basic while the Dell that works uses Home Premium and the HP netbook uses Starter edition - if that makes any difference. Further update - It is able to connect if I reboot into safe mode with networking. However in 'normal' mode it shows up the network sporadically, and then says there was an error connecting to it. All the network parameters, password, encryption, etc etc are EXACTLY the same as they are on the Dell.

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• Windows 7 - "A disk read error occured. Press Ctrl + Alt + Del to restart"

  - by Senthil

  Problem: When I switch on my PC, after BIOS POST, a cursor is blinking for about 5 seconds and then I am getting this error message: A disk read error occurred. Press Ctrl + Alt + Del to restart. I am able to go into BIOS. But Windows loader doesn't even start. This message is shown after my motherboard logo comes and goes. Symptoms: I DID notice my system freezing for minutes at a time for past two days. Also, in the past two days, it stopped half way through the Window booting process. I had to do hard reset couple of times to get it working. But since today morning, I only get this error message. Configuration: Operating System: Windows 7 Ultimate 32-bit only. Hard disk: 1 Physical Disk - 80GB SATA Partitions: Two (2) - C: and D: File System: NTFS No drive encryption or compression is turned on. After I searched on the net, I have found people mentioning these possible causes: Hard Disk is physically failing Corrupt MBR Bad Sector I am planning to buy a new hard disk, install Windows on it and continue. But I need data from the old hard disk. The data I want is in D: drive, outside any Windows user folder, is not encrypted or compressed or protected in anyway. I think if someone/something can get the disk working again and knows NTFS, the data can be hopefully read. What steps should I follow to recover files from the defective disk? Update: I bought a new disk, installed windows on it and added the defective one as a slave. Then I was able to read the data from the defective hard disk. Though chkdsk found lots of errors, the files I wanted were not affected and I got them back :) I am not using that hard disk anymore though it seems to be working at the moment.

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• Lost partition after restarting

  - by nxhoaf

  I have Window 7 Professional Service pack installed in my Laptop Lenovo Thinkpad t420. After formatting the disk, and install Window 7 (detailed as above), I went to Computer -- Manager -- Storage -- Disk Management to split my 300gb C partition into 2 partition: C (which is 162gb) E (which is 140gb) Is work fine for about 2 days. Today, when I turn on my computer, I'm very suprise that the E partition is disappear. I can surely confirm that I didn't do any stupid thing yesterday. And before I shut down my computer, everything was fine. In general, here is what I did during the last today (from the point that I formatted the disk, and installed Window) Format 300gb hard disk Install window 7 Install eclipse, db2, .... ( I'm a developer) Install some other tools (Open office, Skype...) Install PGP (http://www.symantec.com/encryption) <--- I'm forced to used that due to my company policy Use Computer -- Manager -- Storage -- Disk Management to split my 300gb C partition into 2 partition as described above. It worked quite well for two last days. Until day... Can you please help me to recover my lost partition ? Thank you! For more info, here is my partition info: You can also see the image here

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• Problems with OpenVPN setup

  - by user70617

  Hi, I'm trying to set up a VPN server using OpenVPN and I'm getting some errors while trying to connect the client to the server. I'm getting the following error: Sun Feb 13 14:54:16 2011 OpenVPN 2.1.4 i686-pc-linux-gnu [SSL] [LZO2] [EPOLL] built on Feb 5 2011 Sun Feb 13 14:54:16 2011 IMPORTANT: OpenVPN's default port number is now 1194, based on an official port number assignment by IANA. OpenVPN 2.0-beta16 and earlier used 5000 as the default port. Sun Feb 13 14:54:16 2011 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables Sun Feb 13 14:54:16 2011 ******* WARNING *******: all encryption and authentication features disabled -- all data will be tunnelled as cleartext Sun Feb 13 14:54:16 2011 RESOLVE: NOTE: localhost resolves to 2 addresses Sun Feb 13 14:54:16 2011 Note: Cannot ioctl TUNSETIFF tap0: Device or resource busy (errno=16) Sun Feb 13 14:54:16 2011 Note: Attempting fallback to kernel 2.2 TUN/TAP interface Sun Feb 13 14:54:16 2011 Cannot open TUN/TAP dev /dev/tap0: No such file or directory (errno=2) Sun Feb 13 14:54:16 2011 Exiting I have bridge-utils installed and tap0 shows up in ifconfig. Can anybody give me a hand? Thanks in advance.

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• Problem with wireless networking

  - by Rodnower

  Hello, I have atheros wifi hardware, intell chipset, gigabyte laptop and CentOS 5 installed. Now I try to use wireless network and get problems. First of all I want to say that I have 2 OS on my laptop, and when I load Windows XP I still may to access to the wireless network. First I try to get it on Linux was to make active wlan0 interface in: system - administration - network but I get: Determining IP information for wlan0... failed. Second I try also was unsuccessfully: [root 1 network-scripts]# ifup-wireless Error : unrecognised wireless request "off" This relevant output of iwconfig is: Warning: Driver for device wlan0 recommend version 21 of Wireless Extension, but has been compiled with version 20, therefore some driver features may not be available... wlan0 IEEE 802.11 ESSID:"" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.462 GHz Access Point: Not-Associated Tx-Power=27 dBm Retry min limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr=2352 B Encryption key:off Link Quality:0 Signal level:0 Noise level:0 Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0 {output not in the original format} The same things are happen even if I do: modprobe wlan0 (this not get error) Important to say that modprobe not succeed to find ath_pci, tharefor I decide to download latest version of the madwifi driver from http://madwifi-project.org. I extracted this, but when I make this, this is what I get: [root 1 madwifi-0.9.4]# make /bin/sh: line 0: cd: /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.el5/build: No such file or directory Makefile.inc:66: * /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.el5/build is missing, please set KERNELPATH. Stop. I tried to set KERNELPATH, but I think that it was incorrect: [root 1 madwifi-0.9.4]# make KERNELPATH=/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.el5/kernel/ /bin/sh: cc: command not found Makefile.inc:81: * Cannot detect kernel version - please check compiler and KERNELPATH. Stop. Some one have any ideas? Thank you very much for ahead.

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• Win Server 2k and Win 7 client

  - by Ray Kruse

  I have a Win Server 2000 system with AD configured. The network consists of an OKI printer, a network server, a wifi router a Win 2k client and the server. I'm trying to connect a Win 7 client. The purpose of the network, besides sharing equipment is to move files from client to client and scatter backups over more than 1 machine. The Win 7 client is configured for DHCP and does in fact receive it's IP and DNS configuration from the server and it sees the printer, wifi router and network drive, but does not see the Win 2k client nor the Win 2k server. I have tried the LAN Management Authentication Level set to 'Send LM & NTLM responses' with the 128 bit encryption removed. I've also done the registry hack on the key 'LmCompatibilityLevel'. Neither of these have helped. I have two questions: Is there a fix or is Win 2k totally incompatible? Is the best (or quickest/cheapest) fix to upgrade the server to Win 2k3 and not worry about the Win 2k client? Thanks for any help. Ray Kruse Buffalo, KY

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• Forward all traffic through an ssh tunnel

  - by Eamorr

  I hope someone can follow this and I'll explain as best I can. I'm trying to forward all traffic from port 6999 on x.x.x.224, through an ssh tunnel, and onto port 7000 on x.x.x.218. Here is some ASCII art: |browser|-----|Squid on x.x.x.224|------|ssh tunnel|------<satellite link>-----|Squid on x.x.x.218|-----|www| 3128 6999 7000 80 When I remove the ssh tunnel, everything works fine. The idea is to turn off encryption on the ssh tunnel (to save bandwidth) and turn on maximum compression (to save more bandwidth). This is because it's a satellite link. Here's the ssh tunnel I've been using: ssh -C -f -C -o CompressionLevel=9 -o Cipher=none [email protected] -L 7000:172.16.1.224:6999 -N The trouble is, I don't know how to get data from Squid on x.x.x.224 into the ssh tunnel? Am I going about this the wrong way? Should I create an ssh tunnel on x.x.x.218? I use iptables to stop squid on x.x.x.224 from reading port 80, but to feed from port 6999 instead (i.e. via the ssh tunnel). Do I need another iptables rule? Any comments greatly appreciated. Many thanks in advance,

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• Variable directory names over SCP

  - by nedm

  We have a backup routine that previously ran from one disk to another on the same server, but have recently moved the source data to a remote server and are trying to replicate the job via scp. We need to run the script on the target server, and we've set up key-based scp (no username/password required) between the two servers. Using scp to copy specific files and directories works perfectly: scp -r -p -B [email protected]:/mnt/disk1/bsource/filename.txt /mnt/disk2/btarget/ However, our previous routine iterates through directories on the source disk to determine which files to copy, then runs them individually through gpg encryption. Is there any way to do this only by using scp? Again, this script needs to run from the target server, and the user the job runs under only has scp (no ssh) access to the target system. The old job would look something like this: #Change to source dir cd /mnt/disk1 #Create variable to store # directories named by date YYYYMMDD j="20000101/" #Iterate though directories in the current dir # to get the most recent folder name for i in $(ls -d */); do if [ "$j" \< "$i" ]; then j=${i%/*} fi done #Encrypt individual files from $j to target directory cd ./${j%%}/bsource/ for k in $(ls -p | grep -v /$); do sudo /usr/bin/gpg -e -r "Backup Key" --batch --no-tty -o "/mnt/disk2/btarget/$k.gpg" "$/mnt/disk1/$j/bsource/$k" done Can anyone suggest how to do this via scp from the target system? Thanks in advance.

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• Advice needed for a home network setup (hardware & software) to handle many clients and potentially heavy traffic

  - by posdef

  I have recently decided to re-structure the home network of our flatshare here. Here's a quick outline of the situation. I envision to have the following 4 devices connected to the router via cable: Xbox 360 IP phone Printer QNAP server (Web, File and Multimedia) We are three people living here, so on top of that there will be to 5-6 computers/mobile devices connecting as wireless clients. My goal is to be able to transfer files (when needed) between the computer and the Multimedia server, which I can reach via 360 and play on the TV. I also would like to keep a high level of security; right now I have the encryption on WPA2 and MAC filtering. I don't believe the web server will get heavy traffic, though I would like to have it responsive. Likewise, I don't have a habit of downloading via torrent etc, but I greatly appreciate my network being responsive and fast, especially when I am browsing or streaming high quality media. Now my questions are: is this setup feasible? smart? efficient? can this be improved somehow? my current router (D-Link DI624) and the previous one (DI-524) used to have spontaneous drops in network, which I find highly irritating. I don't believe in my router, especially now that it completely crashed when I was test-running the setup by transferring a large media file to server while xbox was playing music from the server, and two computers browsing the net. Do I need to get new hardware, if so, any recommendations for a reliable and fast router?

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• Configuring WPA WiFi in Ubuntu 10.10

  - by sma

  I am trying to configure my wireless network on my laptop running Ubuntu 10.10 and am having a bit of difficulty. I am a complete Linux newb, but want to learn it, hence the reason I'm trying to set this up. Here's the vitals: It is a Gateway 600 YG2 laptop. It was previously running Windows XP, but I installed Ubuntu 10.10 in place of it (not a dual boot, I removed XP altogether). I have an old wireless card that I'm trying to resurrect. I haven't really used the card in a couple years, but it seems to still work, I just can't connect to my home's wireless network. The card is a Linksys WPC11 v2.5. When I plug it in, Ubuntu recognizes the network, but won't connect to it. My home network uses WPA encryption and the only connection type that Ubuntu's network manager is giving me is WEP and then it asks for a key -- I have no idea what that key should be. So, basically, I'm asking, is there a way I can instead connect through WPA? I've tried creating a new connection in network manager, but that won't work, it keeps falling back to the WEP connection and asking me for a key. I have tried to install the XP driver using ndiswrapper but I don't know if that's working or not. Is there a way to tell if: A) the card is working as it should B) the correct drivers are installed (again, I installed the XP one using ndiswrapper NET8180.INF, but I'm not sure what to do next) Any help would be appreciated. Thank you.

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• Security and data backup for Ubuntu usb installation

  - by AMS949

  Due to encryption on my corporate laptop I opted to install Ubuntu 9.10 on a flash drive and just use it as my hard drive. I tried the vmware but it crashed my xp a couple of times. Now I have a couple of concerns since I am totally new to Ubuntu and Linux. First, would it be possible for me to transfer my installation to a new usb drive? I now have a 4gb and it may get filled up soon, I don't seem to be able to see my actual files when I browse the usb drive. I also tried copying all files from this usb to another and boot from it but that failed. Second, whenever the system boots up I am never prompted for a password, it is always the username ubuntu. Which I guess means if I lose my usb drive my data is open wide. Is there a way to secure it or to use users and groups as on a regular hard drive installation? As a background, I created this by going into a working Ubuntu installation, System - Administration - USB Starter Disk Creator (was that the right way to start with?) Thanks!

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• How to make gpg2 to flush the stream?

  - by Vi

  I want to get some slowly flowing data saved in encrypted form at the device which can be turned off abruptly. But gpg2 seems to not to flush it's output frequently and I get broken files when I try to read such truncated file. vi@vi-notebook:~$ cat asdkfgmafl asdkfgmafl ggggg ggggg 2342 2342 cat behaves normally. I see the output right after input. vi@vi-notebook:~$ gpg2 -er _Vi --batch ?pE??x...(more binary data here)....???-??.... asdfsadf 22223 sdfsdfasf Still no data... Still no output... ^C gpg: signal Interrupt caught ... exiting vi@vi-notebook:~$ gpg2 -er _Vi --batch /tmp/qqq skdmfasldf gkvmdfwwerwer zfzdfdsfl ^\ gpg: signal Quit caught ... exiting Quit vi@vi-notebook:~$ gpg2 < /tmp/qqq You need a passphrase to unlock the secret key for user: "Vitaly Shukela (_Vi) " 2048-bit ELG key, ID 78F446CA, created 2008-01-06 (main key ID 1735A052) gpg: [don't know]: 1st length byte missing vi@vi-notebook:~$ # Where is my "skdmfasldf" How to make gpg2 to handle such case? I want it to put enough output to reconstruct each incoming chunk of input. (Also fsyncing after each output can be benefitial as an additional option). Should I use other tool (I need pubkey encryption).

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• What breaks in a Windows domain if a member has a high time skew?

  - by Ryan Ries

  It's taken for granted by most IT people that in a Windows domain, if a member server's clock is off by more than 5 minutes (or however many minutes you've configured it for) from that of its domain controller - logons and authentications will fail. But that is not necessarily true. At least not for all authentication processes on all versions of Windows. For instance, I can set my time on my Windows 7 client to be skewed all to heck - logoff/logon still works fine. What happens is that my client sends an AS_REQ (with his time stamp) to the domain controller, and the DC responds with KRB_AP_ERR_SKEW. But the magic is that when the DC responds with the aforementioned Kerberos error, the DC also includes his time stamp, which the client in turn uses to adjust his own time and resubmits the AS_REQ, which is then approved. This behavior is not considered a security threat because encryption and secrets are still being used in the communication. This is also not just a Microsoft thing. RFC 4430 describes this behavior. So my question is does anyone know when this changed? And why is it that other things fail? For instance, Office Communicator kicks me off if my clock starts drifting too far out. I really wish to have more detail on this. edit: Here's the bit from RFC 4430 that I'm talking about: If the server clock and the client clock are off by more than the policy-determined clock skew limit (usually 5 minutes), the server MUST return a KRB_AP_ERR_SKEW. The optional client's time in the KRB-ERROR SHOULD be filled out. If the server protects the error by adding the Cksum field and returning the correct client's time, the client SHOULD compute the difference (in seconds) between the two clocks based upon the client and server time contained in the KRB-ERROR message. The client SHOULD store this clock difference and use it to adjust its clock in subsequent messages. If the error is not protected, the client MUST NOT use the difference to adjust subsequent messages, because doing so would allow an attacker to construct authenticators that can be used to mount replay attacks.

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• Improving abysmal 802.11n wireless network

  - by concept

  I am in desperate need of help to improve the abysmal performance of my 802.11n wireless network. At best I get 30Mbs (this is an internet download) from a technology that boasts 300Mbs, even worse is the LAN where to date best i have ever gotten is 1Mbs. It is literally quicker to copy the file to a USB and walk it to the other computer. Infrastructure is this AP 802.11n only broadcasting at both 2.4GHz and 5GHz Mac with 802.11a/b/g/n card is connected to the AP via 5GHz Linux with 802.11a/b/g/n card is connected to AP via 2.4GHz I have conducted the following tests (results at end of post) Internet based speed test wired and wireless LAN file copy wired and wireless I have read: http://nutsaboutnets.com/troubleshooting-wi-fi-problems/ http://www.smallnetbuilder.com/wireless/wireless-basics/30664-5-ways-to-fix-slow-80211n-- speed http colon //www.wi-fiplanet dot com/tutorials/7-tips-to-increase-wi-fi-performance.html Slow file transfer on network between two 802.11n laptops (connected directly together via access point) Wireless Network Performance Issues Slower than expected 802.11n wireless network speeds I have made the following optimizations AP broadcasts only 802.11n on both 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequencies 2.4GHz is on a channel with least interference (live in an apartment with lots of APs), this did make a 10Mb/sec improvement Our AP is the only one transmitting on the 5GHz freq. Security: WPA Personal WPA2 AES encryption Bandwidth: 20MHz / 40MHz (i assume this to be channel bonding) I have tried the following with 0 improvement Dropped the Fragment Threshold to 512 Dropped the Request To Send (RTS) Threshold to 512 and 1 Even thought of buying a frequency spectrum analyzer, until i saw the cost of them!!! Speed test results Linux Wired: DOWNLOAD 128.40Mb/s UPLOAD 10.62Mb/s www dot speedtest dot net/my-result/2948381853 Mac Wired: DOWNLOAD 118.02Mb/s UPLOAD 10.56Mb/s www dot speedtest dot net/my-result/2948384406 Linux Wireless: DOWNLOAD 23.99Mb/s UPLOAD 10.31Mb/s www.speedtest dot net/my-result/2948394990 Mac Wireless: DOWNLOAD 22.55Mb/s UPLOAD 10.36Mb/s www.speedtest dot net/my-result/2948396489 LAN NFS 53,345,087 bytes (51Mb) file Linux Mac NFS Wired: 65.6959 Mb/sec Linux Mac NFS Wireless: .9443 Mb/sec All help is appreciated, even testing methods will be accepted.

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• Why are my socks proxies slow

  - by vps_newcomer

  I have a linux vps, and i have tried a few socks proxy setups to test their performance: All tests were using speedtest.net The standard ssh tunnel proxy 0.8mbit/s download and 0.1-0.2mbit/s upload speeds dante-server proxy 1.3mbit/s download and 0.4-0.5mbit/s upload I am wondering why are these speeds so slow? Is anything shaping them? Is it just the nature of socks proxies? I know that the ssh tunnel has to do encryption and what not so that is why its slow, but i was surprised to see that the second setup was also quite slow. On the VPS i have received download speeds of 25MB/s per second (thats about 200mbit/s and upload speed of atleast 5MB/s (haven't got a good enough pipe to test anything faster). The other option i was going to try is to setup OpenVPN and see how that goes, however i need to find a good tutorial as it's fairly complicated to setup. So why is it so slow? How can i test to see where the bottleneck is? How can i make it faster :D

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• Mysql, SSL and java client problem

  - by CarlosH

  I'm trying to connect to an SSL-enabled mysql server from my own java application. After setting up ssl on mysqld, and successfuly tested an account using "REQUIRE ISSUER and SUBJECT", I wanted to use that account in a java app. I've generated a private key (to a file called keystore.jks) and csr using keytool, and signed the csr using my own CA(The same used with mysqld and its certificate). Once signed the csr, I've imported the CA and client cert into the keystore.jks file. When running the application the SSL connection can't be established. Relevant logs: ... [Raw read]: length = 5 0000: 16 00 00 02 FF ..... main, handling exception: javax.net.ssl.SSLException: Unsupported record version Unknown-0.0 main, SEND TLSv1 ALERT: fatal, description = unexpected_message Padded plaintext before ENCRYPTION: len = 32 0000: 02 0A BE 0F AD 64 0E 9A 32 3B FE 76 EF 40 A4 C9 .....d..2;.v.@.. 0010: B4 A7 F3 25 E7 E5 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 ...%............ main, WRITE: TLSv1 Alert, length = 32 [Raw write]: length = 37 0000: 15 03 01 00 20 AB 41 9E 37 F4 B8 44 A7 FD 91 B1 .... .A.7..D.... 0010: 75 5A 42 C6 70 BF D4 DC EC 83 01 0C CF 64 C7 36 uZB.p........d.6 0020: 2F 69 EC D2 7F /i... main, called closeSocket() main, called close() main, called closeInternal(true) main, called close() main, called closeInternal(true) connection error com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: Communications link failure Any idea why is this happening?

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• LSI MegaRAID LINUX got Optimal after degradation but strange POST message

  - by kesrut

  Linux server box with LSI MegaRAID controller got degraded. But after some time RAID status changed to Optimal. Adapter 0 -- Virtual Drive Information: Virtual Drive: 0 (Target Id: 0) Name : RAID Level : Primary-1, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-0 Size : 2.727 TB Mirror Data : 2.727 TB State : Optimal Strip Size : 256 KB Number Of Drives per span:2 Span Depth : 3 Default Cache Policy: WriteBack, ReadAdaptive, Cached, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Current Cache Policy: WriteThrough, ReadAdaptive, Cached, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Default Access Policy: Read/Write Current Access Policy: Read/Write Disk Cache Policy : Disk's Default Encryption Type : None Is VD Cached: No But now I'm getting RAID BIOS POST message: Your battery is either charging, bad or missing, and you have VDs configured for write-back mode. Because the battery is not currently usable, these VDs willl actually run in write-through mode until the battery is fully charged or replaced if it is bad or missing. (Image: http://cl.ly/image/1h1O093b1i2d) So may it be battery issue caused problem ? I get information about battery: BatteryType: iBBU Voltage: 4001 mV Current: 0 mA Temperature: 22 C Battery State : Operational BBU Firmware Status: Charging Status : None Voltage : OK Temperature : OK Learn Cycle Requested : No Learn Cycle Active : No Learn Cycle Status : OK Learn Cycle Timeout : No I2c Errors Detected : No Battery Pack Missing : No Battery Replacement required : No Remaining Capacity Low : No Periodic Learn Required : No Transparent Learn : No No space to cache offload : No Pack is about to fail & should be replaced : No Cache Offload premium feature required : No Module microcode update required : No Where can be problem ? I'm disabled alarms, but get them if enabled. But don't know how find root of problem.

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• What folders to encrypt with EFS on Windows 7 laptop?

  - by Joe Schmoe

  Since I've been using my laptop more as a laptop recently (carrying it around) I am now evaluating my strategy to protect confidential information in case it is stolen. Keep in mind that my laptop is 6 years old (Lenovo T61 with 8 GB or RAM, 2GHz dual core CPU). It runs Windows 7 fine but it is no speedy demon. It doesn't support AES instruction set. I've been using TrueCrypt volume mounted on demand for really important stuff like financial statements forever. Nothing else is encrypted. I just finished my evaluation of EFS, Bitlocker and took a closer look at TrueCrypt again. I've come to conclusion that boot partition encryption via Bitlocker or TrueCrypt is not worth the hassle. I may decide in the future to use Bitlocker or TrueCrypt to encrypt one of the data volumes but at this point I intend to use EFS to encrypt parts of my hard drive that contain data that I wouldn't want exposed. The purpose of this post is to get your feedback about what folders should be encrypted from the general point of view (of course everyone will have something specific in addition) Here is what I thought of so far (will update if I think of something else): 1) AppData\Local\Microsoft\Outlook - Outlook files 2) AppData\Local\Thunderbird\Profiles and AppData\Roaming\Thunderbird\Profiles- Thunderbird profiles, not sure yet where exactly data is stored. 3) AppData\Roaming\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\djdsakdjh.default\bookmarkbackups - Firefox bookmark backup. Is there a separate location for "main" Firefox bookmark file? I haven't figured it out yet. 4) Bookmarks for Chrome (don't know where it's bookmarks are) and Internet Explorer ($Username\Favorites) - I don't really use them but why not to secure that as well. 5) Downloads\, My Documents\ and My Pictures\ folders I don't think I need to encrypt, say, latest service pack for Visual Studio. So I will probably create subfolder called "Secure" in all of these folders and set it to "Encrypted". Anything sensitive I will save in this folder. Any other suggestions? Again, this is from the point of view of your "regular office user".

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