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• Change to different user, or let different user execute a command

  - by WG-

  I have a problem. There is a server which I can access with an account by ssh, lets say WG. Now there is a folder with the following permissions. drwxr-s---+ 855 vvz www-data 20K Aug 21 17:56 pictures I want to copy this folder using rsync, however since I am not the user www-data but WG I cannot execute rsync. So I want www-data to execute a rsync command. However, I do not posses sudo powers. My friend however tells me that I am actually able to execute the rsync command as www-data, but he will not tell me how. I asked him for some clues and he told me that it had something to do with reverse shell (which I figured out to be that you connect by ssh to your server and then you connect back to your own server, or something). I also asked if it was by-design or actually a flaw in the system. He tells me it is both. Furthermore I think it has something to do with the group permissions. If I just make sure that I am with the group permissions then I can also read the files. Anybody has a clue?

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• Problems when loop over a series of ssh-ed commands

  - by Jack Medley

  I have a series of server machines which I want to run the same command on. Each command takes hours and (even though I am running the commands using nohup and setting them to run in the background) I have to wait for each to finish before the next starts. Here is roughly how I have set it up: On the host machines: for i in {1..9}; do ssh RemoteMachine${i} ./RunJobs.sh; done Where RunJobs.sh on each remote machine is: source ~/.bash_profile cd AriadneMatching for file in FileDirectory/Input_*; do nohup ./Executable ${file} & done exit Does anyone know of a way such that I dont have to wait for each job to finish before the next starts? Or alternatively a better way of doing this, I have a feeling what I am do is fairly sub-optimal. Cheers, Jack

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• linux shell utils: convert a list of hex to list of decimals

  - by osgx

  Hello How can I convert a file with a lot hex numbers into the decimal? Example: file1 0x59999 0x5acdc 0xffeff I want to start $ cat file1 | util | cat file2 and get file2 with smth like 1021489 1249230 3458080 (numbers in example output are random, as I cant convert so long hex to dec) Upd: perl : perl -pe '$_=hex;$_.="\n"'. Can anybody do it better? The real task is a sorting of hex numbers.

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• How to print new line character with echo?

  - by Summer_More_More_Tea

  I dump a string with hexdump like this 2031 3334 2e30 0a32 2032 3331 302e 000a. It is clear that 0x0a is new line character, however, when I try to echo this string out, I always got 1 430.2 2 13.0 -- the new line is replaced with a space, even I use the -e flag. What may be the problem? Does the tailing \0 ruin the output? Is there any alternatives to print 0x0a a new line? Thanks and Best regards.

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• Accidental Extract Location - How to Clean Up?

  - by Gordon

  Sometimes I will do a command such as unzip tons_of_files.zip And I will forget to put a -d to point to a subdirectory. This causes the current folder to get filled with tons of files that are intermixed with the existing files. What is the best way to remove all these new files and/or move them to a new directory? I want to avoid having to manually examine the directory and determine if the file was part of the archive or was already present.

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• Some doubts about the use of usermod and groupmod command

  - by AndreaNobili

  I am not yet a true "Linux guy" and I have the following doubts about how exactly do the following shell procedure (a list of commands steps) founded in a tutorial that I am following (I want deeply understand what I am doing before do it): sudo passwd root then login again as root usermod -l miner pi usermod -m -d /home/miner miner groupmod -n miner pi exit So at the beginning it enable the root account and I have to login again in the system as root...this is perfectly clear for me. And now I have the followings doubts: 1) The usermod command: usermod -l miner pi usermod -m -d /home/miner miner Reading the official documentation of the usermod command I understand that this command modify the informations related to an existing account Reading the documentation it seems to me that the -l parmether modify the name of the user pi in miner and then the -m -d paramether move the contents of the old home directory to the new one (named miner) and use this new directory as home directory My doubt is: what exactly do the executions of these operation? I think that: Rename the existing pi user in miner Then move the content of the old home directory (the pi home directory? or what?) into a new directory (/home/miner) that now is the home directory for the miner user. Is it right? The the second doubt is related to this command groupmod -n miner pi It seems to me that change the group name from pi in miner But what exactly is a group in Linux and why is it used? Tnx

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• Why would a process monitoring script use exit 1; on finding no problems?

  - by user568458

  General question: On a Linux (Centos) server, if a process monitoring script run by cron is set to close with exit 1; rather than exit 0; on finding that everything is okay and that no action is needed, is that a mistake? Or are there legitimate reasons for calling exit 1; instead of exit 0; on the "Everything's fine, no action needed" condition? exit 0; on finding no problems seems to me to be more appropriate. But maybe there's something I'm not aware of. For example, maybe there's something specific to Cron? Or maybe there's a convention in process monitoring scripts that 'failure' means 'this script failed to need to fix a problem' (rather than what I would expect which is that exit 1; would mean 'the process being monitored has failed'?) My specific case: I'm looking at a process monitoring script written by my web hosting company. By process monitoring script, I mean a script executed by Cron on a regular basis that checks if an important system process is running, and if it isn't running, takes actions such as mailing an administrator or restarting the process. Here's the (generalised) structure of their script, for a service running on port 8080 (in this case, Apache Tomcat): SERVICE=$(/usr/sbin/lsof -i tcp:8080 | wc -l); if [ $SERVICE != 0 ]; then exit 1; else #take action fi Seems simple enough even for someone with limited knowledge like me, except the exit 1; part seems odd. As I understand it, exit 0; closes a program and signifies to the parent that executed the program that everything is fine, exit n; where n0 and n<127 signifies that there has been some kind of error or problem. Here, their script seems to go against that rule - it calls exit 1; in the condition where everything is fine, and doesn't exit after taking remedial action in the problem condition. To me, this looks like a mistake - but my experience in this area is limited. Are there cases where calling exit 1; in the "Everything's fine, no action needed" condition is more appropriate than calling exit 0;? Or is it a mistake? Wider context is pretty simple. It's a Centos VPS, running Plesk. The script is being called by Cron via Plesk's "Scheduled tasks" Cron manager. There's no custom layer between Cron and this script that would respond in an unusual way to the exit call. It's a fairly average, almost out-of-the box Plesk-managed Centos VPS (in so far as there is such a thing). The process being monitored by this script is Apache Tomcat.

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• I/O redirection using cygwin and mingw

  - by KLee1

  I have written a program in C and have compiled it using MinGW. When I try to run that program in Cygwin, it seems to behave normally (i.e. prints correct output etc.) However, I'm trying to pipe output to a program so that I can parse information from the program's output. However, the piping does not seem to be working in that I am not getting any input into the second program. I have confirmed this by using the following commands: This command seems to work fine: ./prog Performing this command returns nothing: ./prog | cat This command verifies the first: ./prog | wc Which returns: 0 0 0 I know that the script (including the piping from the program) works perfectly fine in an all Linux environment. Does anyone have any idea for why the piping isn't working in Cygwin? Thanks!

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• Encoding with FFmpeg using a FIFO

  - by Ashot Martirosyan

  Hello everyone. I'm trying to convert Flac audio file to AAC file using command line. So I wrote this ffmpeg -i input.flac temp.wav faac -q 120 -o output.m4a temp.wav It's working fine. Now I want to do the same using fifo, so I'm writing this mkfifo temp.wav ffmpeg -i input.flac temp.wav & faac -q 120 -o output.m4a temp.wav And it's freezing. So could you tall me what I'm doing wrong. Thanks a lot, and sorry for my English.

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• How to run scripts within a telnet session?

  - by wenzi

  I want to connect to a remote host using telnet there is no username/password verification just telnet remotehost then I need to input some commands for initialization and then I need to repeat the following commands: cmd argument argument is read from a local file, in this file there are many lines, each line is a argument and after runing one "cmd argument", the remote host will output some results it may output a line with string "OK" or output many lines, one of which is with string "ERROR" and I need to do something according to the results. basically, the script is like: initialization_cmd #some initial comands while read line do cmd $line #here the remote host will output results, how can I put the results into a variable? # here I want to judge the results, like if $results contain "OK";then echo $line >>good_result_log else echo $line >> bad_result_log fi done < local_file the good_result_log and bad_result_log are local files is it possible or not? thanks! NOTE: I can't control B, I can only run initial cmds and cmd $line on B

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• How can I include a line until # but without the # when parsing 'sources.list' with regex?

  - by stwissel

  I want to parse my sources.list to extract the list of repositories. I have: ## Some comment deb http://some.vendor.com/ubuntu precise stable deb-src http://some.vendor.com/ubuntu precise stable deb http://some.othervendor.com/ubuntu precise experimental # my current favorite I want: http://some.vendor.com/ubuntu precise stable http://some.othervendor.com/ubuntu precise experimental So I need: only lines with deb at the beginning and until the end of the line or a # character but excluding it. So far I have: grep -o "^deb .*" But how to match # or LineEnd and excluding the #?

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• can i use an ip-list include file for iptable blacklisting

  - by rubo77

  I would like to block all countries except mine in iptables, that is a lits with about 100.000 Entries. how can i define this blacklistfile in a script, so iptables blocks all those ip-ranges? maybe i can use http://www.ipdeny.com/ipblocks/data/countries/ that provides lists in the form 117.55.192.0/20 117.104.224.0/21 119.59.80.0/21 121.100.48.0/21 ... i want to be able to change the blacklistfile easily without having to change the iptables-script

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• dhcp code for pxe server

  - by avoq

  I'm trying to understand every single line of the following script but to no avail. I'd be glad if someone could help me. For sure I know its purpose is to start the DHCP server as well as the TFTP...But I'm stuck: killall dnsmasq 2>/dev/null dnsmasq --enable-tftp --tftp-root=$PXEDATA/boot --dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0,"$IP",$IP --dhcp-range=$(echo $IP | cut -d. -f1-3).50,$(echo $IP | cut -d. -f1-3).250, infinite --dhcp-option=option:router,192.168.0.254 --log-dhcp Why killall, why dnsmasq 2 What does "2" stand for? "--" what does it mean? Thanks a lot.

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• Is there any reason this cronjob would fail in cron, but not on the command line?

  - by Treffynnon

  I have written a little one liner that will email me when a list of files changes - I used sha512 to generate a list of hashes and then periodically check that those hashes still match. */5 * * * * /usr/bin/sha512sum --status -c /sha512.sumlist && echo "Success" > /dev/null || echo "Check robots.txt and index.html in /var/www as staging sites are now potentially exposed to the world and the damned googlebot" | /usr/bin/mail -s "Default staging server files have changed" [email protected] It works fine on the command line with: /usr/bin/sha512sum --status -c /sha512.sumlist && echo "Success" > /dev/null || echo "Check robots.txt and index.html in /var/www as staging sites are now potentially exposed to the world and the damned googlebot" | /usr/bin/mail -s "Default staging server files have changed" [email protected] As soon as I run it as a cronjob though it emails every time it runs with the failure message instead of only when the sha512sum check should fail. Is there something silly I have missed in a rush? I forgot to mention that I am running an Ubuntu machine.

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• How do I rsync an entire folder based on the existence of a specific file type in that folder

  - by inquam

  I have a server set up that receives movies to a folder. I then serve these movies using DLNA. But in the initial folder where they end up all kind of files end up. Pictures, music, documents etc. I thought I'd fix this by running the following script inside that folder rsync -rvt --include='*/' --include='*.avi' --include='*.mkv' --exclude='*' . ../Movies/ This works and scans the given folder and moves all the found movies of the given extension types to the Movies folder. But I wonder if there is anyway to tell rsync to if a folder if found that includes a movie of the given extension types, sync the entire folder. Including other files such as .srt. This is to make it easier for me to get subtitles moved along with the movie. I have a solution figured out via a script made in php (yea, I actually do most of my scripting in linux using php... just a habbit that stuck a long time ago). But if rsync can handle it from the start that would be super. Also, I have noticed that this line of rsync actually copies all the root folders in the given folder. If no movie is in the folder it will create an empty folder. How do I prevent rsync from doing this... and saving me the trouble of deleting all folder in Movies that are empty.

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• What do - and # mean in a linux file listing?

  - by John

  In my /var/log directory, I've got these three files (extracted from ls -l) size filename 205198 ntp.log 2446 ntp.log # 4096 ntp.log - The file "ntp.log -" is highlighted in blue. What do the # and - after the names mean??

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• How can I get the mount path of a USB device on OSX?

  - by xastor

  I have a backup script that backs up some data to a USB device. The problem I have is that OSX sometimes changes the expected mount path. For example if some file is locked under the expected mount path, OSX mounts it on another path. A USB device named 'BACKUP' can be mounted at /Volumes/BACKUP-1 instead of /Volumes/BACKUP. Is there a way to finding out the current mount path of a USB device in the OSX Terminal? Something like 'mount_path BACKUP' (command is fake) which would then return '/Volumes/BACKUP-1' or nothing if the device was not mounted?

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• How to rename multiple files by replacing word in file name geting from the shell script variables?

  - by fy6877

  This question like this thread. How to rename multiple files by replacing word in file name? My example is more complex than the above topic. The two variables are $name and $ newname getting from the shell script other location. $name and $ newname may have the unicode words or special symbles like []<?...etc,so could anyone help me to provide a method to add a part of script in shell scrit to solve file name replacing question. BTW,I try to type two kind of commands to change the part of file name, but it can't work. rename.ul '$name' '$newname' /home/fy6877/test/final/* ls /home/fy6877/test/final/|xargs -I$ rename.ul '$name' '$newname' $

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• How to get the PID of a process started by /bin/su -c

  - by crash3k

  I'm writing a init.d-script for an java-app. But the java-app should be run by another user. (The OS I'm using is Debian Squeeze.) I already got this: /bin/su - $USER - c "cd $PATH;echo $PASSWORD | $JAVA -Xmx256m -jar $PATH/app.jar -d > /dev/null" & PID=$! /bin/su - $USER - c "echo $PID > $PIDFILE" But this will of course only save the pid of the "/bin/su"-process instead of the pid of the created java-process.

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• How to configure in crontab with condition statement for checks

  - by chz

  We like to monitor the NAS storage mounted on a linux box. We only like to be notified via mail when the usage exceeds a certain number say 80. We have only seen in linux books where most of them are calling shell scripts at certain times. How do we write inside crontab to only mail us if it exceeds 80 ? Usual eg 2 2 * * * /home/someUser/script.sh 2&1 | mail [email protected] Looking for solution like below 2 2 * * * if [ someNumber "80" ] ; then /home/someUser/script.sh | mail [email protected] Sincerely

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• Compare Error logs across service fleet, find unique errors

  - by neuroelectronic

  I'm looking for a tool where I can list the servers to check, the location of the file and it would return a list of the most common errors across those servers (say like 2 or 3 servers for report brevity) and get a report something like this Server.A Server.B Server.C -------- -------- -------- 42 error.X 39 error.X 61 error.X 21 error.Y 7 error.Y 5 error.A 17 error.B 6 error.A 4 error.Y 4 error.A 2 error.R 3 error.S 3 error.R 1 error.S 1 error.R Of course, excluding timestamps and other error details and just grepping out the common sub-strings and listing them like so. I'd be able to look at the table and see that error.B is unique to Server.A and conclude that there is something up with Server.A. Does something like this already exist? Is this something I'll have to code myself? I'm not necessarily looking for this specific report, just the functionality to find unique errors across a set of error logs.

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• How can I automate or script daily downloads for any new anti- virus databases, and then have the program scan my drive?

  - by Macgrimm

  Howdy all Super Users" I humbly ask if any Super User can direct this long time, gray haired Apple Tech in the right direction on this issue. I believe there probably are many ways to skin this cat. But I am looking to find simply the best, most unattended way to get it done. Any help will be greatly appreciated. also (I know there are much better softwares out there for the Mac so please don't go there! The politics of this company dictate which Anti virus we have to use) anyway without any further wait: basically I am trying to automate 2 very important functions of Mc'Afee anti-virus for Mac. First I want to automate the process of retrieving new virus definition files, and second I want to automate the process of scanning for viruses. It turns out that Using Mc'Afee Anti-Virus for the Mac are both manual functions. And they left up to the user (per user account) to perform. Depending on all of about 150 MAc users to perform these 2 tasks themselves is around 65% compliance. My question then is: If I wanted to use the command line such as (open /Applications/McAfee\ Security.app) It will open up the Security Console. But how can I make command Mc'Afee go out and grab the definition files and scan the computer? I have to admit I am at a crossroad and Macaltimers has set in. I would really appreciate it if any of you "Super ~ Users" can help me out with this MacAltimers loss of how to what to do. Thanks to All up Front Macgrimm

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• Using www-data through SSH

  - by Fluidbyte

  For development purposes I'm using www-data (on an ubuntu 11.10 server) to ssh in and fire git commands and basic stuff against the webroot. I don't have things like command history, coloring, etc like I do when I ssh in as any other user, so I'm curious how to get this working. I'm assuming I need a `.bashrc' file, but I'm not sure what to include or (more importantly since I could just copy the one from another user) where it goes.

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• Running 'dd' command at startup?

  - by Usman Ajmal

  Hi, I have set a script to run at Linux startup. The script contains a following line of code dd if=/dev/sda2 of=/dev/sda5 ?> result.txt Now, when my Linux Desktop appear, result.txt contain dd: opening '/dev/sda2': Permission denied If I prefix the dd command with sudo as: sudo dd if=/dev/sda2 of=/dev/sda5 ?> result.txt the result.txt contains sudo: no tty present and no askpass program specified Is there a way I can get around this problem? What I want is to copy 2nd parititon to 5th when a user logs in no matter if he is root, admin, Desktop or an unprivileged user. Thanks a lot as always.

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• How can I tell what command is running on the remote end of an ssh connection?

  - by user268385

  Tl;dr - how do I find the name of the command (eg $BASH_COMMAND) running on the remote end of an ssh connection? ... My example setup is two tmux vertical panes, LH pane runs a local vim session with vertical split, RH pane runs an ssh session running vim, again with a vertical split. Using tmux-navigator I can navigate from left to right over the first 3 vim buffers, but the 4th (far right hand one) is inaccessible. The reason for this is that tmux-navigator tests the value of 'pane_current_command' and compares it to 'vim' before deciding which keystrokes to dispatch. On the right hand tmux pane, the current command is 'ssh' and not 'vim'. What I want to do is test for (pane_current_command =~ 'ssh'), and if so, examine the command that is running on the far side of the connection? I cannot find a way to get hold of this, so any suggestions would be welcome? For information, the problem is almost the same as this one, but without the nested tmux sessions: https://github.com/christoomey/vim-tmux-navigator/issues/12

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