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• When did the idea of macros (user-defined code transformation) appear?

  - by Jay

  I have read McCarthy's 1960 paper on LISP and found no reference to anything that's similar to user-defined macros or normal order evaluation. I was wondering when marcos first appeared in programming language history (and also in Lisp history): When was the idea of user-defined code transformation (before interpretation or compilation) first described (theoretically)? What was the first programming language implementation to have Lisp-like macros (by "Lisp-like" I mean "using a readable Turing-complete language to do code-transformation")? (including non-Lisps -- Forth for example is quite old, but I'm not sure if the first Forth implementation already had "IMMEDIATE") What was the first Lisp dialect to have macros? Thank you!

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• How do I get my custom requiredif attribute to prevent other attributes from firing

  - by user1757804

  I'm working on an MVC application. I've decorated a property with EqualTo found here: http://dataannotationsextensions.org/EqualTo/Create As well as a custom RequiredIf attribute as suggested here: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/simonince/archive/2011/02/04/conditional-validation-in-asp-net-mvc-3.aspx My issue is that even when the field is supposed to be required and isn't the EqualTo logic is firing. So I get error messages saying the field is required but also that the field doesn't match. If I replace the Requiredif with a regular Required only the Required message will show. What I'm trying to figure out is how the EqualTo logic is prevented when combined with the Required attribute but not prevented when combined with my custom RequiredIf. Any suggestions would be most appreciated, I've been racking my brain most of the day trying to figure out the mvc internals around Required.

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• why can't I use "&&" in python to mean 'and'?

  - by Sergio Tapia

  Here's my code: # F. front_back # Consider dividing a string into two halves. # If the length is even, the front and back halves are the same length. # If the length is odd, we'll say that the extra char goes in the front half. # e.g. 'abcde', the front half is 'abc', the back half 'de'. # Given 2 strings, a and b, return a string of the form # a-front + b-front + a-back + b-back def front_back(a, b): # +++your code here+++ if len(a) % 2 == 0 && len(b) % 2 == 0: return a[:(len(a)/2)] + b[:(len(b)/2)] + a[(len(a)/2):] + b[(len(b)/2):] else: #todo! Not yet done. :P return I'm getting an error in the IF conditional. What am I doing wrong?

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• Which is the future of web development: HTML5 or Silverlight(or other RIA framework)?

  - by Morgan Cheng

  My colleagues have a heated debate on what is the future of web development. One side is supporting HTML5 and the other is supporting Silverlight. There is no conclusion of the debate yet. In my humble opinion as a programmer, HTML5 will not improve programming productivity, while Silverlight will. In my understanding, programmers still need to program in JavaScript to take advantage of HTML5. For Silverlight, we can use C# which is static-type language. A lot of coding defects can be found in compilation time. For HTML5, different browsers might still have different behavior even though there is spec. For Silverlight, generally what works in IE will work the same way in other browsers. Just my thoughts. Any idea on how to choose future direction of web development?

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• How to kill a thread immediately from another thread in java?

  - by Sara

  Hi, is there anyway to kill a thread or interrupt it immediately. Like in one of my thread, i call a method which takes time to execute (2-4 seconds). This method is in a while(boolean flag) block, so i can interrupt it from the main thread. But the problem is, if i interrupt it; it will wait till the executing loop is finished and then on next conditional check, it will stop execution. I want it to stop right then. Is there anyway to do this?

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• Some stupid warnings

  - by thetna

  I have a number of C source files(both .c and .h files). header files contains a number of functions. Out of those functions, only partially are used in a source .C file.Suppose a.h,b.h are header files and a.c and b.c are .c files. a.h is included in a.c. But only a number of functions those are in a. h are used and rest are not used. After compilation I find following warnings: function XXXX defined but not used. But those XXXX functions which are not used in a.c are used in b.c. So, i can't completely remove those functions too. So , i decided to make a separate file containing only those XXXX functions and included it wherever it is used.Doing this is creating multiple number of header files. Can anybody please suggest me to some effective way to solve this problem.

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• What technology should I use for a complex report?

  - by SeaDrive

  I have a task to generate reports from a Visual Studio C# application. This is a replacement (caused by new requirements) for a program written using the built-in implementation of Crystal Reports. Although workable, it was far from ideal. The reports have conditional content (If type=1, print this, if type=2 print that.) Crystal does not adjust spacing dynamically and the various pieces were not the same length making for some unprofessional-looking spacing. I had thought of generating the reports in HTML, which would be feasible, but I'm concerned that you lose a degree of control, and I may be asked, e.g. to "move this up a bit" or similar which may be tricky. I'm not either a Crystal guru or an HTML guru. What other reporting technologies are available that would make it easy to drop in parts of different sizes, do table layouts, etc.?

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• Preprocessor Conditionals

  - by Mike

  I was wondering if it would be possible to have a define which changes values at some point in the code be used in a conditional. Basically something like this: //////////////////////////////////////////// SomeFile.cpp #define SHUTDOWN false while(window->isOpen()) { if(SHUTDOWN) window->close(); // Rest of the main loop } //////////////////////////////////////////// SomeOtherFile.cpp if(Escape.isPressed()) { #undef SHUTDOWN #define SHUTDOWN true } Thus causing the app to close. If it's not, would having a function like RenderWindow* getWindow() { return window; } and then calling if(Escape.isPressed()) getWindow()->close(); The best way to do it? I'd rather not go that route because the classes that are calling the key event are members of the class controlling the main loop and the window, so I'd have to set pointers to the containing class in the smaller classes to call getWindow() and it just seems like a more complicated method. But if I can't do it with preprocessor directives I'll just have to use pointers to the parent class.

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• What's the RegEx to make sure that delimiters are escaped?

  - by Kuyenda

  I'm looking for a regular expression that will check whether or not delimiters in a string are escaped with a backward slash. The delimiters I am concerned about are comma (\,), colon (\:), semicolon (\;) and of course the backward slash itself has to be escaped (\). For example, the string "test" should return a match because there are no delimiters in it, and no escaping is necessary. The string "te\;st" would return a match because the semicolon delimiter is escaped. "te;st" and "t\;s:t" would both fail because the both contain at least one delimiter that is not escaped. I know that I need a conditional and a positive look behind, and this is what I have so far, but it is not giving me the expected answer. ^(?<delimiter>[:;,\\])?(?(delimiter)\(?<=(?:\\\\)*\\)k<delimiter>|.)$ Any suggestions on how I can make this work? Thanks.

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• How do I add jars needed to compile a maven project if they were never built with a pom?

  - by JasonH

  I'm just starting with maven, coming from years of working with Ant. I'm trying a basic task now, building a simple project that requires some libraries from a vendor. I have the jars in src\main\resources\VENDORNAME. When I run mvn compile it fails on compilation saying the libraries don't exist. I can't seem to add these as dependencies because I don't know their version number and as they are proprietary I can't find them in ibiblio or elsewhere. Without these Jars I can't compile my classes. Is there a way to use jars that didn't follow Maven's convention? I might not understand maven correctly, so any guidance is welcome. Much appreciated for any responses.

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• Accessing variablss through a different class within the constructor of latter classes of an object

  - by Haxed

  In the code below, I've added two lines that print output. The first line prints junk as usual, but surprisingly the second one gives me a compilation error. Why? class Student { private String name; public Student(String name){ this.name = name; } public String getName(){ return name; } } class StudentServer { public StudentServer(){ Student[] s = new Student[30]; s[0] = new Student("Nick"); // LINE 01: This compiles, although prints junk System.out.println(s[0]); // LINE 02: I get a error called cannot find symbol System.out.println(s[0].getName()); } public static void main(){ new StudentServer(); } } Many Thanks

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• Writing .NET in dynamic language?

  - by tillda

  I'm confused by the possibility of writing .NET in dynamic languages, such as (Iron)Ruby. Particularly, I've seen code in IronRuby that used generics (...foo[String]), but I'm not aware of this feature in Ruby as it seems nonsense to me in dynamic languages. So, when I write .NET app in IronRuby, how is it with type safety and compilation? I thought that it is just as dynamic as Ruby everywhere else. I thought that if the Ruby syntax is OK all the type checking would be done at the runtime. Also, as far as I know, .NET itself is type-oriented - there are classes that heavily utilize the mentioned generics. How is this handled? And what about delegates? In dynamic languages I can have almost function-spaghetti and sometimes, its just fine (like hacking UI in javascript). Or do I have to care even about generic delegates?

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• Website image caching with Apache

  - by Piskvor

  How can I get static content on Apache to be {cached by browser} and not {checked for freshness {with every request}}? I'm working on a website hosted on Apache webserver. Recently, I was testing something with headers (Content-Type for different types of content) and saw a lot of conditional requests for images. Example: 200 /index.php?page=1234&action=list 304 /favicon.ico 304 /img/logo.png 304 /img/arrow.png (etc.) Although the image files are static content and are cached by the browser, every time an user opens a page that links to them, they are conditionally requested, to which they send "304 Not Modified". That's good (less data transferred), but it means 20+ more requests with every page load (longer page load due to all those round-trips, even with Keep-Alive and pipelining enabled). How do I tell the browser to keep the existing file and not check for newer version? EDIT: the mod_expires method works, even with the favicon.

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• Development life-cycle for making an application?

  - by Mohit Deshpande

  I have an idea that I want to make into an application (I have a C/C++, C#, and Java programming background so I will be developing in QT Creator for cross-compilation's sake). So now I am asking you senior developers, what should I do next? I know that all good programs come from an idea. Then what should I do? Prototype the UI? Then develop the code? Is there like a circle of the development of an application? I DO NOT MEAN FOR THIS QUESTION TO BE SUBJECTIVE OR ARGUMENTATIVE

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• Is the "message" of an exception culturally independent?

  - by Ray Hayes

  In an application I'm developing, I have the need to handle a socket-timeout differently from a general socket exception. The problem is that many different issues result in a SocketException and I need to know what the cause was. There is no inner exception reported, so the only information I have to work with is the message: "A connection attempt failed because the connected party did not properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond" This question has a general and specific part: is it acceptable to write conditional logic based upon the textual representation of an exception? Is there a way to avoid needing exception handling? Example code below... try { IPEndPoint endPoint = null; client.Client.ReceiveTimeout = 1000; bytes = client.Receive(ref endPoint); } catch( SocketException se ) { if ( se.Message.Contains("did not properly respond after a period of time") ) { // Handle timeout differently.. } }

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• How can I refer to a binding converter in another namespace in Silverlight XAML?

  - by Mike Pateras

  Since you apparently can't create a Silverlight DataTemplate in C#, I'm trying to create one in XAML. I have a converter that I need to refer to, that I have defined in C# in another namespace. I've tried doing this: <UserControl.Resources> <DataTemplate x:Key="PriceTemplate"> <TextBlock Text="{Binding Price, Converter={Converters:PriceConverter}}" /> </DataTemplate> </UserControl.Resources> Where Converters is an xmlns that points to the correct namespace. However, I get a compilation error that says: Type 'Converters:PriceConverter' is used like a markup extension but does not derive from MarkupExtension. I tried adding System.Windows.Markup.MarkupExtension as a parent to my converter, but it apparently doesn't exist in Silverlight. How can I refer to my converter in XAML, without having to rewrite it in XAML?

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• help me understand a variable setting

  - by meo

  var fmt = document.documentElement.clientWidth; var cls = (fmt<=240)?'pda_ver':(fmt>240&&fmt<=320)?'pda_hor':(fmt>320&&fmt<=640)?'screen_ultralow':(fmt>640&&fmt<=800)?'screen_low':(fmt>800&&fmt<=1024)?'screen_med':(fmt>1024&&fmt<=1280)?'screen_high':'screen_wide'; can someone tell me what this does (just the part where the variable is set with a value i do not understand... what are th ?, : have for a role here)? i have never seen a variable declared like that. Is this a conditional variable setting? if yes how does it work ? working example

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• How to use SOCI C++ Database library?

  - by NeDark

  I'm trying to implement soci in my program but I don't know how. I'm using C++ on linux, on a project on netbeans. I have followed the steps in http://soci.sourceforge.net/doc/structure.html to install it, and I tried to copy the files soci.h from /src/core and soci-mysql.h from /src/backends/mysql in my proyect but it gives compilation error (these files include other soci files, but it's illogical to copy all files into the directory...). I have read the guide several time but I don't understand what I'm doing wrong, the examples only include these files. Thanks. Edit: I have given more information in a comment below the answer. I don't know what steps I have to do to implement soci.

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• Modulation of adding new Strings -> Method calls.

  - by guesswork

  If I have a program that does the following: if(input=='abc'){do x} if(input=='def'){do y} In the future, I may want to add another piece of code like so: if(input=='ghy'){do x} As you can see, I am adding a new 'if' statement for a different conditional BUT using the SAME function X. The code in future has potential to have lots of different IF statements (or switches) all of which are comparing a string vs a string and then performing a function. Considering the future expansion, I was wondering if there is a possible 'neater', 'modular' way of achieving the same results. It's a shame I can't combine the String with a Method call in a hashtable (String, method) in Java. That way I could just store any new procedures inside a hashtable and grab the relevant method for that String. Any ideas? Thank you

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• What is the term(s) used to describe programming language syntax?

  - by Mr Roys

  Is there an exact/correct term to describe this difference between the syntax/constructs of programming langauges e.g VB6 with its (if ... else ... endif) and C# with its curly braces for conditional statements. I'm using VB6 syntax and C# as examples since I'm more familiar with their syntax. For example, Visual Basic 6's syntax uses a more verbose, natural language like structure. If (id = 0) Then id = MyObject.Add(Me) Else Call MyObject.Update(Me) End If while C# has more concise syntax like: if (id == 0) { id = MyObject.Add(this); } else { MyObject.Update(this); } Conciseness? Natural languageness? Or is there a more "scientific" word for describing syntax?

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• How to use #ifdef entities as part of functions in header files

  - by Crazyjavahacking

  I would like to ask if it is possible to use the entities defined in #ifdef block in header files. To be clear, I have following code: #ifdef #include <winsock2.h> #define SOCKET_HANDLE SOCKET #define CONNECTION_HANDLE SOCKET #endif SOCKET_HANDLE createServerSocket(const char* hostAddress, short port); I am Java developer and this seems completely fine for me. However compiler has a problem with this. Can you explain why is that code a problem? Also how can I force to compile it. (The idea is to have generic interface and conditional compilation to determine real types according to running platform at compile time.) Thanks

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• Is `auto int i` valid C++0x?

  - by Motti

  In answering this question the question arose as to whether the traditional C meaning of the keyword auto (automatic storage) is still valid in C++0x now that it means type deduction. I remember that the old meaning of auto should remain where relevant but others disagreed. auto char c = 42; // either compilation error or c = '*' Looking at compilers I see the current division. Old meaning of auto is no longer allowed VS10 g++ Old meaning of auto is used where relevant Comeau Do you know which is the correct behaviour?

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• Stupid automatic assembly copy problem in Visual Studio 2008 - WTH am I doing wrong?

  - by Dave

  My lazier side has apparently gotten the best of me. When I started to develop with .NET under VS2008 recently, I was very happy to see that all of the dependencies automagically got copied to my application's bin/debug folder upon compilation. This is fantastic. I never even bothered to look into how / why this is done. Yesterday, I decided to make another plugin very similar to an existing one, so I literally copied the folder and all of project files, then renamed the folder and manually edited the project files and file references. I also changed the assembly's GUID. Everything builds fine, but this particular assembly is never copied into my application's bin/debug folder. It is marked as a dependency of my app as well. What did I miss here?

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• Blackberry:How to add ChoiceGroup in VerticalFieldManager?

  - by user187532

  Hello Blackberry experts, I am having a VerticalFieldManager in my application home screen code and adding many fields into it. I would like to add Radio button (which is ChoiceGroup in BB) also into the screen. For that, i am adding ChoiceGroup code lines and trying to add to vertical manager like vfm.add(mChoices), but it is giving compilation error at this place as ....ui.Manager cannot be applied to ....lcdui.ChoiceGroup. Can't i add ChoiceGroup into Vertical Manager. If i use VerticalManager and adding many fields and would like to add Radio button also into it, How do i do that? Pleaes give your advise. Thanks.

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• Function argument treated as undeclared

  - by Mikulas Dite

  I've prepared this simple example which is not working for me #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> FILE *fp; char filename[] = "damy.txt"; void echo (char[] text) { fp = fopen(filename, "a"); fwrite(text, 1, strlen(text), fp); fclose(fp); printf(text); } int main () { echo("foo bar"); return 0; } It's supposed to write both to command window and to file. However, this gives compilation error - the text used in echo() is not declared. Does c need another declaration of the variable?

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