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• Forensic Analysis of the OOM-Killer

  - by Oddthinking

  Ubuntu's Out-Of-Memory Killer wreaked havoc on my server, quietly assassinating my applications, sendmail, apache and others. I've managed to learn what the OOM Killer is, and about its "badness" rules. While my machine is small, my applications are even smaller, and typically only half of my physical memory is in use, let alone swap-space, so I was surprised. I am trying to work out the culprit, but I don't know how to read the OOM-Killer logs. Can anyone please point me to a tutorial on how to read the data in the logs (what are ve, free and gen?), or help me parse these logs? Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): selecting to kill, queued 0, seq 1, exc 2326 0 goal 2326 0... Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): task ebb0c6f0, thg d33a1b00, sig 1 Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): selected 1, signalled 1, queued 1, seq 1, exc 2326 0 red 61795 745 Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): selecting to kill, queued 0, seq 2, exc 122 0 goal 383 0... Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): task ebb0c6f0, thg d33a1b00, sig 1 Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): selected 1, signalled 1, queued 1, seq 2, exc 383 0 red 61795 745 Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): task ebb0c6f0, thg d33a1b00, sig 2 Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process watchdog (pid=14490, ve=13516) exited, free=43104 gen=24501. Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process tail (pid=4457, ve=13516) exited, free=43104 gen=24502. Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process ntpd (pid=10816, ve=13516) exited, free=43104 gen=24503. Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process tail (pid=27401, ve=13516) exited, free=43104 gen=24504. Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process tail (pid=29009, ve=13516) exited, free=43104 gen=24505. Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process apache2 (pid=10557, ve=13516) exited, free=49552 gen=24506. Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process apache2 (pid=24983, ve=13516) exited, free=53117 gen=24507. Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process apache2 (pid=29129, ve=13516) exited, free=68493 gen=24508. Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process sendmail-mta (pid=941, ve=13516) exited, free=68803 gen=24509. Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process tail (pid=12418, ve=13516) exited, free=69330 gen=24510. Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process python (pid=22953, ve=13516) exited, free=72275 gen=24511. Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process apache2 (pid=6624, ve=13516) exited, free=76398 gen=24512. Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process python (pid=23317, ve=13516) exited, free=94285 gen=24513. Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process tail (pid=29030, ve=13516) exited, free=95339 gen=24514. Apr 20 20:03:28 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process apache2 (pid=20583, ve=13516) exited, free=101663 gen=24515. Apr 20 20:03:28 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process logger (pid=12894, ve=13516) exited, free=101694 gen=24516. Apr 20 20:03:28 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process bash (pid=21119, ve=13516) exited, free=101849 gen=24517. Apr 20 20:03:28 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process atd (pid=991, ve=13516) exited, free=101880 gen=24518. Apr 20 20:03:28 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process apache2 (pid=14649, ve=13516) exited, free=102748 gen=24519. Apr 20 20:03:28 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process grep (pid=21375, ve=13516) exited, free=132167 gen=24520. Apr 20 20:03:57 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): selecting to kill, queued 0, seq 4, exc 4215 0 goal 4826 0... Apr 20 20:03:57 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): task ede29370, thg df98b880, sig 1 Apr 20 20:03:57 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): selected 1, signalled 1, queued 1, seq 4, exc 4826 0 red 189481 331 Apr 20 20:03:57 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): task ede29370, thg df98b880, sig 2 Apr 20 20:04:53 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): selecting to kill, queued 0, seq 5, exc 3564 0 goal 3564 0... Apr 20 20:04:53 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): task c6c90110, thg cdb1a100, sig 1 Apr 20 20:04:53 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): selected 1, signalled 1, queued 1, seq 5, exc 3564 0 red 189481 331 Apr 20 20:04:53 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): task c6c90110, thg cdb1a100, sig 2 Apr 20 20:07:14 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): selecting to kill, queued 0, seq 6, exc 8071 0 goal 8071 0... Apr 20 20:07:14 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): task d7294050, thg c03f42c0, sig 1 Apr 20 20:07:14 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): selected 1, signalled 1, queued 1, seq 6, exc 8071 0 red 189481 331 Apr 20 20:07:14 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): task d7294050, thg c03f42c0, sig 2 Watchdog is a watchdog task, that was idle; nothing in the logs to suggest it had done anything for days. Its job is to restart one of the applications if it dies, so a bit ironic that it is the first to get killed. Tail was monitoring a few logs files. Unlikely to be consuming memory madly. The apache web-server only serves pages to a little old lady who only uses it to get to church on Sundays a couple of developers who were in bed asleep, and hadn't visited a page on the site for a few weeks. The only traffic it might have had is from the port-scanners; all the content is password-protected and not linked from anywhere, so no spiders are interested. Python is running two separate custom applications. Nothing in the logs to suggest they weren't humming along as normal. One of them was a relatively recent implementation, which makes suspect #1. It doesn't have any data-structures of any significance, and normally uses only about 8% of the total physical RAW. It hasn't misbehaved since. The grep is suspect #2, and the one I want to be guilty, because it was a once-off command. The command (which piped the output of a grep -r to another grep) had been started at least 30 minutes earlier, and the fact it was still running is suspicious. However, I wouldn't have thought grep would ever use a significant amount of memory. It took a while for the OOM killer to get to it, which suggests it wasn't going mad, but the OOM killer stopped once it was killed, suggesting it may have been a memory-hog that finally satisfied the OOM killer's blood-lust.

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• CentOS Client - Unable to Establish iSCSI connection with multiple interfaces on the initiator

  - by slashdot

  So after upgrading to CentOS 6.2, I am seemingly no longer able to login into my iSCSI targets. I have multiple interfaces on different subnets on the system, and I first thought that it had to do with the fact that I may not be binding correct interfaces, which seems to be the case when looking at netstat, as this is clearly wrong: [root]? netstat -na|grep .90 tcp 0 1 10.10.100.60:42354 10.10.8.90:3260 SYN_SENT tcp 0 1 10.10.100.60:40777 10.10.9.90:3260 SYN_SENT I then went ahead and disabled all but one interface, and so as a result netstat appears to be correct, but the issue with login remains. I am positive that the target never sees a packet, because I see nothing by SYN_SENT. I know the problem is on my client, because the target is servicing multiple systems, none of which are CentOS 6.2. At this point I am pretty confident that some things changed between CentOS 6.0/6.1 and 6.2. So, if anyone have any thoughts, or ran into this, I would very much like to hear your thoughts. [root]? iscsiadm --mode node --targetname iqn.2011-12.dom.homer:01:lab-centos-servers-00001 --portal 10.10.8.90:3260,2 --interface=sw-iscsi-0 --login Logging in to [iface: sw-iscsi-0, target: iqn.2011-12.dom.homer:01:lab-centos-servers-00001, portal: 10.10.8.90,3260] (multiple) iscsiadm: Could not login to [iface: sw-iscsi-0, target: iqn.2011-12.dom.homer:01:lab-centos-servers-00001, portal: 10.10.8.90,3260]. iscsiadm: initiator reported error (8 - connection timed out) iscsiadm: Could not log into all portals [root]? netstat -rn Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 10.10.8.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth2.7 10.10.9.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth3.7 10.10.100.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.252.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth2 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth3 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth2.7 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth3.7 0.0.0.0 10.10.100.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 Output of ip addr show for the two interfaces involved: [root]? for i in 2.7 3.7; do ip addr show eth$i; done 6: eth2.7@eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP link/ether 00:0c:29:94:5b:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.10.8.60/24 brd 10.10.8.255 scope global eth2.7 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe94:5b8d/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 7: eth3.7@eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP link/ether 00:0c:29:94:5b:97 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.10.9.60/24 brd 10.10.9.255 scope global eth3.7 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe94:5b97/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever Update 01/06/2012: This issue is getting even more interesting by the day it seems. I went a few weeks back and grabbed a snapshot of this system from before upgrading to 6.2. I spun up a new system from the snapshot, and reconfigured interface info and host keys, as well as iSCSI initiator and iscsi interface info to match new MACs. Changed nothing else. Then, I attempted to connect to my targets, and no issues at all. I cannot say that this was unexpected. I then went ahead and compared sysctl settings from both systems and there were differences after the upgrade, but nothing seemingly relevant to iSCSI or IP that could contribute to this. I also noticed that by default now two sessions per connection were enabled after the upgrade, but I changed it back to 1 session in /etc/iscsi/iscsid.conf. On the problematic system we can see that source interface is seemingly wrong, but even when I disable the 10.10.100 interface, problems persist. So, while this may be relevant, I could not validate it for certain. Needless to say, further research is necessary. Something is clearly different between releases. Working system is on 6.1, and non-working is 6.2. ::Working System:: tcp 0 0 10.10.8.210:39566 10.10.8.90:3260 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 10.10.9.210:46518 10.10.9.90:3260 ESTABLISHED [root]? ip route show 10.10.8.0/24 dev eth2.6 proto kernel scope link src 10.10.8.210 10.10.9.0/24 dev eth3.7 proto kernel scope link src 10.10.9.210 10.10.100.0/22 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 10.10.100.210 169.254.0.0/16 dev eth0 scope link metric 1002 169.254.0.0/16 dev eth2.6 scope link metric 1006 169.254.0.0/16 dev eth3.7 scope link metric 1007 default via 10.10.100.1 dev eth0 ::Non-working System:: tcp 0 1 10.10.100.60:44737 10.10.9.90:3260 SYN_SENT tcp 0 1 10.10.100.60:55479 10.10.8.90:3260 SYN_SENT [root]? ip route show 10.10.8.0/24 dev eth2.6 proto kernel scope link src 10.10.8.60 10.10.9.0/24 dev eth3.7 proto kernel scope link src 10.10.9.60 10.10.100.0/22 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 10.10.100.60 169.254.0.0/16 dev eth0 scope link metric 1002 169.254.0.0/16 dev eth2.6 scope link metric 1006 169.254.0.0/16 dev eth3.7 scope link metric 1007 default via 10.10.100.1 dev eth0 And the result is still same: [root]? iscsiadm: Could not login to [iface: sw-iscsi-0, target: iqn.2011-12.dom.homer:01:lab-centos-servers-00001, portal: 10.10.8.90,3260]. iscsiadm: initiator reported error (8 - connection timed out) iscsiadm: Could not login to [iface: sw-iscsi-1, target: iqn.2011-12.dom.homer:02:lab-centos-servers-00001, portal: 10.10.9.90,3260]. iscsiadm: initiator reported error (8 - connection timed out) iscsiadm: Could not log into all portals Update 01/08/2012: I believe I have been able to figure out the answer to my issue. It is quite obscure and I doubt this will happen to anyone else any time soon. It turns out that setting iface.iscsi_ifacename and iface.hwaddress in the interfaces configuration file is not legal. When one manually adds an iscsi target, such as below, all settings from the interface config file are copied into the node config file, that gets created by the below command. Result is parameters iface.iscsi_ifacename and iface.hwaddress together in the same config file. These parameters are seemingly mutually exclusive, which does not exactly make sense, or there is perhaps an oversight in the codepath. Perhaps I will investigate further. # iscsiadm -m node --op new -T iqn.2011-12.dom.homer:01:lab-centos-servers-00001 -p 10.10.8.90,3260,2 -I sw-iscsi-0 # iscsiadm -m node --op new -T iqn.2011-12.dom.homer:02:lab-centos-servers-00001 -p 10.10.9.90,3260,2 -I sw-iscsi-1 Notice, below I commented out iface.hwaddress and iface.ipaddress, after which I re-added targets, with same command as above. All works just fine. [root]? cat * # BEGIN RECORD 2.0-872.33.el6 iface.iscsi_ifacename = sw-iscsi-0 iface.net_ifacename = eth2.6 #iface.hwaddress = XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX #iface.ipaddress = 10.10.8.60 iface.transport_name = tcp iface.vlan_id = 6 iface.vlan_priority = 0 iface.iface_num = 0 iface.mtu = 0 iface.port = 0 # END RECORD # BEGIN RECORD 2.0-872.33.el6 iface.iscsi_ifacename = sw-iscsi-1 iface.net_ifacename = eth3.7 #iface.hwaddress = XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX #iface.ipaddress = 10.10.9.60 iface.transport_name = tcp iface.vlan_id = 7 iface.vlan_priority = 0 iface.iface_num = 0 iface.mtu = 0 iface.port = 0 # END RECORD Again, chances of this happening to someone else are slim to none, so likely waste of time typing this up. But, if someone does encounter this issue, I hope this post will help.

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• Lighttpd not cleanly restarting (address already in use)

  - by NilObject

  When doing a dist-upgrade recently, my lighttpd-1.4.19 install on Ubuntu 8.0.4 has begun failing to restart or reload properly with the /etc/init.d/lighttpd restart command. ~$ sudo /etc/init.d/lighttpd restart * Stopping web server lighttpd ...done. * Starting web server lighttpd 2009-06-13 04:06:36: (network.c.300) can't bind to port: 80 Address already in use ...fail! The same error occurs when I do a reload. The way I get around it is to kill lighttpd and then issue the start command, but it seems like I shouldn't have to do that :) I've looked at my config files, and can't spot any immediate errors. Does anyone have any ideas what can be causing this error? This seems to be the latest version as of writing this question that is available via the apt-get route. My config file is: # Debian lighttpd configuration file # ############ Options you really have to take care of #################### ## modules to load # mod_access, mod_accesslog and mod_alias are loaded by default # all other module should only be loaded if neccesary # - saves some time # - saves memory server.modules = ( "mod_access", "mod_alias", "mod_accesslog", "mod_compress", "mod_fastcgi", "mod_rewrite", "mod_redirect", ) ## a static document-root, for virtual-hosting take look at the ## server.virtual-* options server.document-root = "/var/www/" ## where to send error-messages to server.errorlog = "/var/log/lighttpd/error.log" fastcgi.server = (".php" => (( "bin-path" => "/usr/bin/php5-cgi", "socket" => "/tmp/php.socket" ))) ## files to check for if .../ is requested index-file.names = ( "index.php", "index.html", "index.htm", "default.htm", "index.lighttpd.html" ) ## Use the "Content-Type" extended attribute to obtain mime type if possible # mimetype.use-xattr = "enable" #### accesslog module accesslog.filename = "/var/log/lighttpd/access.log" ## deny access the file-extensions # # ~ is for backupfiles from vi, emacs, joe, ... # .inc is often used for code includes which should in general not be part # of the document-root url.access-deny = ( "~", ".inc" ) ## # which extensions should not be handle via static-file transfer # # .php, .pl, .fcgi are most often handled by mod_fastcgi or mod_cgi static-file.exclude-extensions = ( ".php", ".pl", ".fcgi" ) mimetype.assign = ( ".pdf" => "application/pdf", ".sig" => "application/pgp-signature", ".spl" => "application/futuresplash", ".class" => "application/octet-stream", ".ps" => "application/postscript", ".torrent" => "application/x-bittorrent", ".dvi" => "application/x-dvi", ".gz" => "application/x-gzip", ".pac" => "application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig", ".swf" => "application/x-shockwave-flash", ".tar.gz" => "application/x-tgz", ".tgz" => "application/x-tgz", ".tar" => "application/x-tar", ".zip" => "application/zip", ".mp3" => "audio/mpeg", ".m3u" => "audio/x-mpegurl", ".wma" => "audio/x-ms-wma", ".wax" => "audio/x-ms-wax", ".ogg" => "audio/x-wav", ".wav" => "audio/x-wav", ".gif" => "image/gif", ".jpg" => "image/jpeg", ".jpeg" => "image/jpeg", ".png" => "image/png", ".xbm" => "image/x-xbitmap", ".xpm" => "image/x-xpixmap", ".xwd" => "image/x-xwindowdump", ".css" => "text/css", ".html" => "text/html", ".htm" => "text/html", ".js" => "text/javascript", ".asc" => "text/plain", ".c" => "text/plain", ".conf" => "text/plain", ".text" => "text/plain", ".txt" => "text/plain", ".dtd" => "text/xml", ".xml" => "text/xml", ".rss" => "application/rss+xml", ".mpeg" => "video/mpeg", ".mpg" => "video/mpeg", ".mov" => "video/quicktime", ".qt" => "video/quicktime", ".avi" => "video/x-msvideo", ".asf" => "video/x-ms-asf", ".asx" => "video/x-ms-asf", ".wmv" => "video/x-ms-wmv", ".bz2" => "application/x-bzip", ".tbz" => "application/x-bzip-compressed-tar", ".tar.bz2" => "application/x-bzip-compressed-tar" ) include_shell "/usr/share/lighttpd/include-conf-enabled.pl" My /etc/init.d/lighttpd script is (untouched from installation): #!/bin/sh ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: lighttpd # Required-Start: networking # Required-Stop: networking # Default-Start: 2 3 4 5 # Default-Stop: 0 1 6 # Short-Description: Start the lighttpd web server. ### END INIT INFO PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin DAEMON=/usr/sbin/lighttpd NAME=lighttpd DESC="web server" PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME ENV="env -i LANG=C PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin" SSD="/sbin/start-stop-daemon" DAEMON_OPTS="-f /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf" test -x $DAEMON || exit 0 set -e # be sure there is a /var/run/lighttpd, even with tmpfs mkdir -p /var/run/lighttpd > /dev/null 2> /dev/null chown www-data:www-data /var/run/lighttpd chmod 0750 /var/run/lighttpd . /lib/lsb/init-functions case "$1" in start) log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" $NAME if ! $ENV $SSD --start --quiet\ --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS ; then log_end_msg 1 else log_end_msg 0 fi ;; stop) log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" $NAME if $SSD --quiet --stop --oknodo --retry 30\ --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON; then rm -f $PIDFILE log_end_msg 0 else log_end_msg 1 fi ;; reload) log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC configuration" $NAME if $SSD --stop --signal 2 --oknodo --retry 30\ --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON; then if $ENV $SSD --start --quiet \ --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS ; then log_end_msg 0 else log_end_msg 1 fi else log_end_msg 1 fi ;; restart|force-reload) $0 stop [ -r $PIDFILE ] && while pidof lighttpd |\ grep -q `cat $PIDFILE 2>/dev/null` 2>/dev/null ; do sleep 1; done $0 start ;; *) echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload}" >&2 exit 1 ;; esac exit 0

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• How to get full control of umask/PAM/permissions?

  - by plua

  OUR SITUATION Several people from our company log in to a server and upload files. They all need to be able to upload and overwrite the same files. They have different usernames, but are all part of the same group. However, this is an internet server, so the "other" users should have (in general) just read-only access. So what I want to have is these standard permissions: files: 664 directories: 771 My goal is that all users do not need to worry about permissions. The server should be configured in such a way that these permissions apply to all files and directories, newly created, copied, or over-written. Only when we need some special permissions we'd manually change this. We upload files to the server by SFTP-ing in Nautilus, by mounting the server using sshfs and accessing it in Nautilus as if it were a local folder, and by SCP-ing in the command line. That basically covers our situation and what we aim to do. Now, I have read many things about the beautiful umask functionality. From what I understand umask (together with PAM) should allow me to do exactly what I want: set standard permissions for new files and directories. However, after many many hours of reading and trial-and-error, I still do not get this to work. I get many unexpected results. I really like to get a solid grasp of umask and have many question unanswered. I will post these questions below, together with my findings and an explanation of my trials that led to these questions. Given that many things appear to go wrong, I think that I am doing several things wrong. So therefore, there are many questions. NOTE: I am using Ubuntu 9.10 and therefore can not change the sshd_config to set the umask for the SFTP server. Installed SSH OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2 < required OpenSSH 5.4p1. So here go the questions. 1. DO I NEED TO RESTART FOR PAM CHANGS TO TAKE EFFECT? Let's start with this. There were so many files involved and I was unable to figure out what does and what does not affect things, also because I did not know whether or not I have to restart the whole system for PAM changes to take effect. I did do so after not seeing the expected results, but is this really necessary? Or can I just log out from the server and log back in, and should new PAM policies be effective? Or is there some 'PAM' program to reload? 2. IS THERE ONE SINGLE FILE TO CHANGE THAT AFFECTS ALL USERS FOR ALL SESSIONS? So I ended up changing MANY files, as I read MANY different things. I ended up setting the umask in the following files: ~/.profile -> umask=0002 ~/.bashrc -> umask=0002 /etc/profile -> umask=0002 /etc/pam.d/common-session -> umask=0002 /etc/pam.d/sshd -> umask=0002 /etc/pam.d/login -> umask=0002 I want this change to apply to all users, so some sort of system-wide change would be best. Can it be achieved? 3. AFTER ALL, THIS UMASK THING, DOES IT WORK? So after changing umask to 0002 at every possible place, I run tests. ------------SCP----------- TEST 1: scp testfile (which has 777 permissions for testing purposes) server:/home/ testfile 100% 4 0.0KB/s 00:00 Let's check permissions: user@server:/home$ ls -l total 4 -rwx--x--x 1 user uploaders 4 2011-02-05 17:59 testfile (711) ---------SSH------------ TEST 2: ssh server user@server:/home$ touch anotherfile user@server:/home$ ls -l total 4 -rw-rw-r-- 1 user uploaders 0 2011-02-05 18:03 anotherfile (664) --------SFTP----------- Nautilus: sftp://server/home/ Copy and paste newfile from client to server (777 on client) TEST 3: user@server:/home$ ls -l total 4 -rwxrwxrwx 1 user uploaders 3 2011-02-05 18:05 newfile (777) Create a new file through Nautilus. Check file permissions in terminal: TEST 4: user@server:/home$ ls -l total 4 -rw------- 1 user uploaders 0 2011-02-05 18:06 newfile (600) I mean... WHAT just happened here?! We should get 644 every single time. Instead I get 711, 777, 600, and then once 644. And the 644 is only achieved when creating a new, blank file through SSH, which is the least probable scenario. So I am asking, does umask/pam work after all? 4. SO WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO UMASK SSHFS? Sometimes we mount a server locally, using sshfs. Very useful. But again, we have permissions issues. Here is how we mount: sshfs -o idmap=user -o umask=0113 user@server:/home/ /mnt NOTE: we use umask = 113 because apparently, sshfs starts from 777 instead of 666, so with 113 we get 664 which is the desired file permission. But what now happens is that we see all files and directories as if they are 664. We browse in Nautilus to /mnt and: Right click - New File (newfile) --- TEST 5 Right click - New Folder (newfolder) --- TEST 6 Copy and paste a 777 file from our local client --- TEST 7 So let's check on the command line: user@client:/mnt$ ls -l total 8 -rw-rw-r-- 1 user 1007 3 Feb 5 18:05 copyfile (664) -rw-rw-r-- 1 user 1007 0 Feb 5 18:15 newfile (664) drw-rw-r-- 1 user 1007 4096 Feb 5 18:15 newfolder (664) But hey, let's check this same folder on the server-side: user@server:/home$ ls -l total 8 -rwxrwxrwx 1 user uploaders 3 2011-02-05 18:05 copyfile (777) -rw------- 1 user uploaders 0 2011-02-05 18:15 newfile (600) drwx--x--x 2 user uploaders 4096 2011-02-05 18:15 newfolder (711) What?! The REAL file permissions are very different from what we see in Nautilus. So does this umask on sshfs just create a 'filter' that shows unreal file permissions? And I tried to open a file from another user but the same group that had real 600 permissions but 644 'fake' permissions, and I could still not read this, so what good is this filter?? 5. UMASK IS ALL ABOUT FILES. BUT WHAT ABOUT DIRECTORIES? From my tests I can see that the umask that is being applied also somehow influences the directory permissions. However, I want my files to be 664 (002) and my directories to be 771 (006). So is it possible to have a different umask for directories? 6. PERHAPS UMASK/PAM IS REALLY COOL, BUT UBUNTU IS JUST BUGGY? On the one hand, I have read topics of people that have had success with PAM/UMASK and Ubuntu. On the other hand, I have found many older and newer bugs regarding umask/PAM/fuse on Ubuntu: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gdm/+bug/241198 https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/fuse/+bug/239792 https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/pam/+bug/253096 https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/sudo/+bug/549172 http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=314796 So I do not know what to believe anymore. Should I just give up? Would ACL solve all my problems? Or do I have again problems using Ubuntu? One word of caution with backups using tar. Red Hat /Centos distributions support acls in the tar program but Ubuntu does not support acls when backing up. This means that all acls will be lost when you create a backup. I am very willing to upgrade to Ubuntu 10.04 if that would solve my problems too, but first I want to understand what is happening.

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• Apache restart does not load new php.ini

  - by Tiffany Walker

  Never had this problem till updated CPanel today? Maybe that is part the problem? I only have the one php.ini file # /usr/local/bin/php --info | grep php.ini Configure Command => './configure' '--disable-cgi' '--disable-fileinfo' '--enable-bcmath' '--enable-calendar' '--enable-exif' '--enable-ftp' '--enable-gd-native-ttf' '--enable-libxml' '--enable-magic-quotes' '--enable-mbstring' '--enable-pdo=shared' '--enable-soap' '--enable-sockets' '--enable-zip' '--prefix=/usr/local' '--with-bz2' '--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/lib' '--with-config-file-scan-dir=/usr/local/lib/php.ini.d' '--with-curl=/opt/curlssl/' '--with-curlwrappers' '--with-freetype-dir=/usr' '--with-gd' '--with-imap=/opt/php_with_imap_client/' '--with-imap-ssl=/usr' '--with-jpeg-dir=/usr' '--with-kerberos' '--with-libdir=lib64' '--with-libexpat-dir=/usr' '--with-libxml-dir=/opt/xml2' '--with-libxml-dir=/opt/xml2/' '--with-mcrypt=/opt/libmcrypt/' '--with-mysql=/usr' '--with-mysql-sock=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' '--with-mysqli=/usr/bin/mysql_config' '--with-openssl=/usr' '--with-openssl-dir=/usr' '--with-pcre-regex=/opt/pcre' '--with-pdo-mysql=shared' '--with-pdo-sqlite=shared' '--with-pic' '--with-png-dir=/usr' '--with-pspell' '--with-sqlite=shared' '--with-tidy=/opt/tidy/' '--with-xmlrpc' '--with-xpm-dir=/usr' '--with-xsl=/opt/xslt/' '--with-zlib' '--with-zlib-dir=/usr' '--with-gettext' Configuration File (php.ini) Path => /usr/local/lib Loaded Configuration File => /usr/local/lib/php.ini Scan this dir for additional .ini files => /usr/local/lib/php.ini.d # /usr/bin/php --info | grep php.ini <tr><td class="e">Configure Command </td><td class="v"> &#039;./configure&#039; &#039;--disable-fileinfo&#039; &#039;--enable-bcmath&#039; &#039;--enable-calendar&#039; &#039;--enable-exif&#039; &#039;--enable-ftp&#039; &#039;--enable-gd-native-ttf&#039; &#039;--enable-libxml&#039; &#039;--enable-magic-quotes&#039; &#039;--enable-mbstring&#039; &#039;--enable-pdo=shared&#039; &#039;--enable-soap&#039; &#039;--enable-sockets&#039; &#039;--enable-zip&#039; &#039;--prefix=/usr&#039; &#039;--with-bz2&#039; &#039;--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/lib&#039; &#039;--with-config-file-scan-dir=/usr/local/lib/php.ini.d&#039; &#039;--with-curl=/opt/curlssl/&#039; &#039;--with-curlwrappers&#039; &#039;--with-freetype-dir=/usr&#039; &#039;--with-gd&#039; &#039;--with-imap=/opt/php_with_imap_client/&#039; &#039;--with-imap-ssl=/usr&#039; &#039;--with-jpeg-dir=/usr&#039; &#039;--with-kerberos&#039; &#039;--with-libdir=lib64&#039; &#039;--with-libexpat-dir=/usr&#039; &#039;--with-libxml-dir=/opt/xml2&#039; &#039;--with-libxml-dir=/opt/xml2/&#039; &#039;--with-mcrypt=/opt/libmcrypt/&#039; &#039;--with-mysql=/usr&#039; &#039;--with-mysql-sock=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock&#039; &#039;--with-mysqli=/usr/bin/mysql_config&#039; &#039;--with-openssl=/usr&#039; &#039;--with-openssl-dir=/usr&#039; &#039;--with-pcre-regex=/opt/pcre&#039; &#039;--with-pdo-mysql=shared&#039; &#039;--with-pdo-sqlite=shared&#039; &#039;--with-pic&#039; &#039;--with-png-dir=/usr&#039; &#039;--with-pspell&#039; &#039;--with-sqlite=shared&#039; &#039;--with-tidy=/opt/tidy/&#039; &#039;--with-xmlrpc&#039; &#039;--with-xpm-dir=/usr&#039; &#039;--with-xsl=/opt/xslt/&#039; &#039;--with-zlib&#039; &#039;--with-zlib-dir=/usr&#039; </td></tr> <tr><td class="e">Configuration File (php.ini) Path </td><td class="v">/usr/local/lib </td></tr> <tr><td class="e">Loaded Configuration File </td><td class="v">/usr/local/lib/php.ini </td></tr> <tr><td class="e">Scan this dir for additional .ini files </td><td class="v">/usr/local/lib/php.ini.d </td></tr> everytime I restart apache I still seem to be running the old one. Nothing changes. I removed phpinfo() and ini_set() from the php.ini but I still can't use them. # service httpd -k restart [Fri Oct 26 15:27:10 2012] [warn] module hostinglimits_module is already loaded, skipping [Fri Oct 26 15:27:10 2012] [warn] NameVirtualHost 127.0.0.1:8081 has no VirtualHosts There is also no php.ini files under the vhosts or .htaccess. # /usr/bin/php -v PHP 5.3.15 (cgi-fcgi) (built: Aug 4 2012 21:33:58) Copyright (c) 1997-2012 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2012 Zend Technologies with eAccelerator v0.9.6.1, Copyright (c) 2004-2010 eAccelerator, by eAccelerator with the ionCube PHP Loader v4.2.2, Copyright (c) 2002-2012, by ionCube Ltd., and with Zend Guard Loader v3.3, Copyright (c) 1998-2010, by Zend Technologies with Suhosin v0.9.33, Copyright (c) 2007-2012, by SektionEins GmbH and # /usr/local/bin/php -v PHP 5.3.15 (cli) (built: Aug 4 2012 21:34:27) Copyright (c) 1997-2012 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2012 Zend Technologies with eAccelerator v0.9.6.1, Copyright (c) 2004-2010 eAccelerator, by eAccelerator with the ionCube PHP Loader v4.2.2, Copyright (c) 2002-2012, by ionCube Ltd., and with Zend Guard Loader v3.3, Copyright (c) 1998-2010, by Zend Technologies with Suhosin v0.9.33, Copyright (c) 2007-2012, by SektionEins GmbH Nothing shows up in the error logs either. The only errors we get are under the vhost's with error_log saying phpinfo and ini_set are disabled. EDIT: Both php binaries use the same php.ini file EDIT: Running php as mod_fgcid.so with suexec EDIT: From SSH I see the correct values for PHP from the php.ini file being loaded from both binaries When using php from apache [26-Oct-2012 20:25:34 UTC] PHP Warning: phpinfo() has been disabled for security reasons in /home/jake/public_html/phpinfo.php on line 1 EDIT: /usr/bin/php is the correct PHP file. Forgot to mention. It is the one in the wrapper script.

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• EC2 instance suddenly refusing SSH connections and won't respond to ping

  - by Chris

  My instance was running fine and this morning I was able to access a Ruby on Rails app hosted on it. An hour later I suddenly wasn't able to access my site, my SSH connection attempts were refused and the server wasn't even responding to ping. I didn't change anything on my system during that hour and reboots aren't fixing it. I've never had any problems connecting or pinging the system before. Can someone please help? This is on my production system! OS: CentOS 5 AMI ID: ami-10b55379 Type: m1.small [] ~% ssh -v *****@meeteor.com OpenSSH_5.2p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8l 5 Nov 2009 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: Connecting to meeteor.com [184.73.235.191] port 22. debug1: connect to address 184.73.235.191 port 22: Connection refused ssh: connect to host meeteor.com port 22: Connection refused [] ~% ping meeteor.com PING meeteor.com (184.73.235.191): 56 data bytes Request timeout for icmp_seq 0 Request timeout for icmp_seq 1 Request timeout for icmp_seq 2 ^C --- meeteor.com ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100.0% packet loss [] ~% ========= System Log ========= Restarting system. Linux version 2.6.16-xenU ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.0.1 20050727 (Red Hat 4.0.1-5)) #1 SMP Mon May 28 03:41:49 SAST 2007 BIOS-provided physical RAM map: Xen: 0000000000000000 - 000000006a400000 (usable) 980MB HIGHMEM available. 727MB LOWMEM available. NX (Execute Disable) protection: active IRQ lockup detection disabled Built 1 zonelists Kernel command line: root=/dev/sda1 ro 4 Enabling fast FPU save and restore... done. Enabling unmasked SIMD FPU exception support... done. Initializing CPU#0 PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 12, 65536 bytes) Xen reported: 2599.998 MHz processor. Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 7, 524288 bytes) Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes) Software IO TLB disabled vmalloc area: ee000000-f53fe000, maxmem 2d7fe000 Memory: 1718700k/1748992k available (1958k kernel code, 20948k reserved, 620k data, 144k init, 1003528k highmem) Checking if this processor honours the WP bit even in supervisor mode... Ok. Calibrating delay using timer specific routine.. 5202.30 BogoMIPS (lpj=26011526) Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 CPU: L1 I Cache: 64K (64 bytes/line), D cache 64K (64 bytes/line) CPU: L2 Cache: 1024K (64 bytes/line) Checking 'hlt' instruction... OK. Brought up 1 CPUs migration_cost=0 Grant table initialized NET: Registered protocol family 16 Brought up 1 CPUs xen_mem: Initialising balloon driver. highmem bounce pool size: 64 pages VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.5.1 Dquot-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order 0, 4096 bytes) Initializing Cryptographic API io scheduler noop registered io scheduler anticipatory registered (default) io scheduler deadline registered io scheduler cfq registered i8042.c: No controller found. RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize Xen virtual console successfully installed as tty1 Event-channel device installed. netfront: Initialising virtual ethernet driver. mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice md: md driver 0.90.3 MAX_MD_DEVS=256, MD_SB_DISKS=27 md: bitmap version 4.39 NET: Registered protocol family 2 Registering block device major 8 IP route cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes) TCP established hash table entries: 262144 (order: 9, 2097152 bytes) TCP bind hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7, 524288 bytes) TCP: Hash tables configured (established 262144 bind 65536) TCP reno registered TCP bic registered NET: Registered protocol family 1 NET: Registered protocol family 17 NET: Registered protocol family 15 Using IPI No-Shortcut mode md: Autodetecting RAID arrays. md: autorun ... md: ... autorun DONE. kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. VFS: Mounted root (ext3 filesystem) readonly. Freeing unused kernel memory: 144k freed *************************************************************** *************************************************************** ** WARNING: Currently emulating unsupported memory accesses ** ** in /lib/tls glibc libraries. The emulation is ** ** slow. To ensure full performance you should ** ** install a 'xen-friendly' (nosegneg) version of ** ** the library, or disable tls support by executing ** ** the following as root: ** ** mv /lib/tls /lib/tls.disabled ** ** Offending process: init (pid=1) ** *************************************************************** *************************************************************** Pausing... 5Pausing... 4Pausing... 3Pausing... 2Pausing... 1Continuing... INIT: version 2.86 booting Welcome to CentOS release 5.4 (Final) Press 'I' to enter interactive startup. Setting clock : Fri Oct 1 14:35:26 EDT 2010 [ OK ] Starting udev: [ OK ] Setting hostname localhost.localdomain: [ OK ] No devices found Setting up Logical Volume Management: [ OK ] Checking filesystems Checking all file systems. [/sbin/fsck.ext3 (1) -- /] fsck.ext3 -a /dev/sda1 /dev/sda1: clean, 275424/1310720 files, 1161123/2621440 blocks [ OK ] Remounting root filesystem in read-write mode: [ OK ] Mounting local filesystems: [ OK ] Enabling local filesystem quotas: [ OK ] Enabling /etc/fstab swaps: [ OK ] INIT: Entering runlevel: 4 Entering non-interactive startup Starting background readahead: [ OK ] Applying ip6tables firewall rules: modprobe: FATAL: Module ip6_tables not found. ip6tables-restore v1.3.5: ip6tables-restore: unable to initializetable 'filter' Error occurred at line: 3 Try `ip6tables-restore -h' or 'ip6tables-restore --help' for more information. [FAILED] Applying iptables firewall rules: [ OK ] Loading additional iptables modules: ip_conntrack_netbios_ns [ OK ] Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth0: Determining IP information for eth0... done. [ OK ] Starting auditd: [FAILED] Starting irqbalance: [ OK ] Starting portmap: [ OK ] FATAL: Module lockd not found. Starting NFS statd: [ OK ] Starting RPC idmapd: FATAL: Module sunrpc not found. FATAL: Error running install command for sunrpc Error: RPC MTAB does not exist. Starting system message bus: [ OK ] Starting Bluetooth services:[ OK ] [ OK ] Can't open RFCOMM control socket: Address family not supported by protocol Mounting other filesystems: [ OK ] Starting PC/SC smart card daemon (pcscd): [ OK ] Starting hidd: Can't open HIDP control socket: Address family not supported by protocol [FAILED] Starting autofs: Starting automount: automount: test mount forbidden or incorrect kernel protocol version, kernel protocol version 5.00 or above required. [FAILED] [FAILED] Starting sshd: [ OK ] Starting cups: [ OK ] Starting sendmail: [ OK ] Starting sm-client: [ OK ] Starting console mouse services: no console device found[FAILED] Starting crond: [ OK ] Starting xfs: [ OK ] Starting anacron: [ OK ] Starting atd: [ OK ] % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 390 100 390 0 0 58130 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 58130 100 390 100 390 0 0 56984 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0 Starting yum-updatesd: [ OK ] Starting Avahi daemon... [ OK ] Starting HAL daemon: [ OK ] Starting OSSEC: [ OK ] Starting smartd: [ OK ] c CentOS release 5.4 (Final) Kernel 2.6.16-xenU on an i686 domU-12-31-39-00-C4-97 login: INIT: Id "2" respawning too fast: disabled for 5 minutes INIT: Id "3" respawning too fast: disabled for 5 minutes INIT: Id "4" respawning too fast: disabled for 5 minutes INIT: Id "5" respawning too fast: disabled for 5 minutes INIT: Id "6" respawning too fast: disabled for 5 minutes

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• Failed to convert a wmv file to mp4 with ffmpeg

  - by Olaf Erlandsen

  i need a help with this command FFMPEG COMMAND: ffmpeg -y -i /input.wmv -vcodec libx264 -acodec libfaac -ac 2 -bufsize 20M -sameq -f mp4 /output.mp4 Output: ffmpeg version 1.0 Copyright (c) 2000-2012 the FFmpeg developers built on Oct 9 2012 07:04:08 with gcc 4.4.6 (GCC) 20120305 (Red Hat 4.4.6-4) [wmv3 @ 0x16a4800] Extra data: 8 bits left, value: 0 Guessed Channel Layout for Input Stream #0.0 : stereo Input #0, asf, from '/input.wmv': Metadata: WMFSDKVersion : 11.0.5721.5275 WMFSDKNeeded : 0.0.0.0000 IsVBR : 0 Duration: 00:01:35.10, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 496 kb/s Stream #0:0(spa): Audio: wmav2 (a[1][0][0] / 0x0161), 44100 Hz, stereo, s16, 64 kb/s Stream #0:1(spa): Video: wmv3 (Main) (WMV3 / 0x33564D57), yuv420p, 320x240, 425 kb/s, SAR 1:1 DAR 4:3, 29.97 tbr, 1k tbn, 1k tbc [libx264 @ 0x16c3000] VBV bufsize set but maxrate unspecified, ignored [libx264 @ 0x16c3000] using SAR=1/1 [libx264 @ 0x16c3000] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 FastShuffle SSE4.2 [libx264 @ 0x16c3000] profile High, level 1.3 [libx264 @ 0x16c3000] 264 - core 128 - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2012 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=1 ref=3 deblock=1:0:0 analyse=0x3:0x113 me=hex subme=7 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=1 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=1 8x8dct=1 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=-2 threads=6 lookahead_threads=1 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=3 b_pyramid=2 b_adapt=1 b_bias=0 direct=1 weightb=1 open_gop=0 weightp=2 keyint=250 keyint_min=25 scenecut=40 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=40 rc=crf mbtree=1 crf=23.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=69 qpstep=4 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.00 [wmv3 @ 0x16a4800] Extra data: 8 bits left, value: 0 Output #0, mp4, to '/output.mp4': Metadata: WMFSDKVersion : 11.0.5721.5275 WMFSDKNeeded : 0.0.0.0000 IsVBR : 0 encoder : Lavf54.29.104 Stream #0:0(spa): Video: h264 ([33][0][0][0] / 0x0021), yuv420p, 320x240 [SAR 1:1 DAR 4:3], q=-1--1, 30k tbn, 29.97 tbc Stream #0:1(spa): Audio: aac ([64][0][0][0] / 0x0040), 44100 Hz, stereo, s16, 128 kb/s Stream mapping: Stream #0:1 -> #0:0 (wmv3 -> libx264) Stream #0:0 -> #0:1 (wmav2 -> libfaac) Press [q] to stop, [?] for help [libfaac @ 0x16b3600] Que input is backward in time [mp4 @ 0x16bb3a0] st:0 PTS: 6174 DTS: 6174 < 7169 invalid, clipping frame= 144 fps=0.0 q=29.0 size= 207kB time=00:00:03.38 bitrate= 500.3kbits/s frame= 259 fps=257 q=29.0 size= 447kB time=00:00:07.30 bitrate= 501.3kbits/s frame= 375 fps=248 q=29.0 size= 668kB time=00:00:11.01 bitrate= 496.5kbits/s frame= 487 fps=241 q=29.0 size= 836kB time=00:00:14.85 bitrate= 460.7kbits/s frame= 605 fps=240 q=29.0 size= 1080kB time=00:00:18.92 bitrate= 467.4kbits/s frame= 719 fps=238 q=29.0 size= 1306kB time=00:00:22.80 bitrate= 469.2kbits/s frame= 834 fps=237 q=29.0 size= 1546kB time=00:00:26.52 bitrate= 477.3kbits/s frame= 953 fps=237 q=29.0 size= 1763kB time=00:00:30.27 bitrate= 477.0kbits/s frame= 1071 fps=237 q=29.0 size= 1986kB time=00:00:34.36 bitrate= 473.4kbits/s frame= 1161 fps=231 q=29.0 size= 2160kB time=00:00:37.21 bitrate= 475.4kbits/s frame= 1221 fps=220 q=29.0 size= 2282kB time=00:00:39.53 bitrate= 472.9kbits/s frame= 1280 fps=212 q=29.0 size= 2392kB time=00:00:41.16 bitrate= 476.1kbits/s frame= 1331 fps=203 q=29.0 size= 2502kB time=00:00:43.23 bitrate= 474.1kbits/s frame= 1379 fps=195 q=29.0 size= 2618kB time=00:00:44.72 bitrate= 479.6kbits/s frame= 1430 fps=189 q=29.0 size= 2733kB time=00:00:46.34 bitrate= 483.0kbits/s frame= 1487 fps=184 q=29.0 size= 2851kB time=00:00:48.40 bitrate= 482.6kbits/s frame= 1546 fps=180 q=26.0 size= 2973kB time=00:00:50.43 bitrate= 482.9kbits/s frame= 1610 fps=177 q=29.0 size= 3112kB time=00:00:52.40 bitrate= 486.5kbits/s frame= 1672 fps=174 q=29.0 size= 3231kB time=00:00:54.35 bitrate= 487.0kbits/s frame= 1733 fps=171 q=29.0 size= 3348kB time=00:00:56.51 bitrate= 485.3kbits/s frame= 1792 fps=169 q=29.0 size= 3459kB time=00:00:58.28 bitrate= 486.2kbits/s frame= 1851 fps=166 q=29.0 size= 3588kB time=00:01:00.32 bitrate= 487.2kbits/s frame= 1910 fps=164 q=29.0 size= 3716kB time=00:01:02.36 bitrate= 488.1kbits/s frame= 1972 fps=162 q=29.0 size= 3833kB time=00:01:04.45 bitrate= 487.1kbits/s frame= 2032 fps=161 q=29.0 size= 3946kB time=00:01:06.40 bitrate= 486.8kbits/s frame= 2091 fps=159 q=29.0 size= 4080kB time=00:01:08.35 bitrate= 488.9kbits/s frame= 2150 fps=158 q=29.0 size= 4201kB time=00:01:10.54 bitrate= 487.9kbits/s frame= 2206 fps=156 q=29.0 size= 4315kB time=00:01:12.39 bitrate= 488.3kbits/s frame= 2263 fps=154 q=29.0 size= 4438kB time=00:01:14.21 bitrate= 489.9kbits/s frame= 2327 fps=154 q=29.0 size= 4567kB time=00:01:16.16 bitrate= 491.2kbits/s frame= 2388 fps=152 q=29.0 size= 4666kB time=00:01:18.48 bitrate= 487.0kbits/s frame= 2450 fps=152 q=29.0 size= 4776kB time=00:01:20.24 bitrate= 487.6kbits/s frame= 2511 fps=151 q=29.0 size= 4890kB time=00:01:22.15 bitrate= 487.6kbits/s frame= 2575 fps=150 q=29.0 size= 5015kB time=00:01:24.42 bitrate= 486.6kbits/s frame= 2635 fps=149 q=29.0 size= 5130kB time=00:01:26.62 bitrate= 485.2kbits/s frame= 2695 fps=148 q=29.0 size= 5258kB time=00:01:28.65 bitrate= 485.9kbits/s frame= 2758 fps=147 q=29.0 size= 5382kB time=00:01:30.64 bitrate= 486.4kbits/s frame= 2816 fps=147 q=29.0 size= 5521kB time=00:01:32.69 bitrate= 487.9kbits/s get_buffer() failed Error while decoding stream #0:0: Invalid argument frame= 2848 fps=143 q=-1.0 Lsize= 5787kB time=00:01:35.10 bitrate= 498.4kbits/s video:5099kB audio:581kB subtitle:0 global headers:0kB muxing overhead 1.884230% [libx264 @ 0x16c3000] frame I:12 Avg QP:22.64 size: 12092 [libx264 @ 0x16c3000] frame P:1508 Avg QP:25.39 size: 2933 [libx264 @ 0x16c3000] frame B:1328 Avg QP:30.62 size: 491 [libx264 @ 0x16c3000] consecutive B-frames: 10.0% 80.8% 8.1% 1.1% [libx264 @ 0x16c3000] mb I I16..4: 1.8% 72.1% 26.0% [libx264 @ 0x16c3000] mb P I16..4: 0.4% 2.4% 0.3% P16..4: 48.3% 19.6% 19.3% 0.0% 0.0% skip: 9.5% [libx264 @ 0x16c3000] mb B I16..4: 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% B16..8: 52.6% 6.6% 2.3% direct: 1.4% skip:36.8% L0:48.8% L1:42.5% BI: 8.7% [libx264 @ 0x16c3000] 8x8 transform intra:75.3% inter:55.4% [libx264 @ 0x16c3000] coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 77.9% 81.7% 33.1% inter: 24.2% 11.6% 1.1% [libx264 @ 0x16c3000] i16 v,h,dc,p: 25% 16% 44% 14% [libx264 @ 0x16c3000] i8 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 19% 15% 29% 6% 5% 6% 6% 7% 7% [libx264 @ 0x16c3000] i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 20% 15% 17% 7% 9% 8% 9% 7% 7% [libx264 @ 0x16c3000] i8c dc,h,v,p: 50% 19% 24% 7% [libx264 @ 0x16c3000] Weighted P-Frames: Y:3.8% UV:1.1% [libx264 @ 0x16c3000] ref P L0: 75.6% 19.1% 4.2% 1.0% 0.1% [libx264 @ 0x16c3000] ref B L0: 98.1% 1.9% 0.0% [libx264 @ 0x16c3000] ref B L1: 98.9% 1.1% [libx264 @ 0x16c3000] kb/s:439.47 FFMPEG Configuration: --enable-version3 --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libvpx --enable-libfaac --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libx264 --enable-libxvid --enable-gpl --enable-postproc --enable-nonfree libavutil 51. 73.101 / 51. 73.101 libavcodec 54. 59.100 / 54. 59.100 libavformat 54. 29.104 / 54. 29.104 libavdevice 54. 2.101 / 54. 2.101 libavfilter 3. 17.100 / 3. 17.100 libswscale 2. 1.101 / 2. 1.101 libswresample 0. 15.100 / 0. 15.100 libpostproc 52. 0.100 / 52. 0.100 PROBLEM #1: [libfaac @ 0x16b3600] Que input is backward in time [mp4 @ 0x16bb3a0] st:0 PTS: 6174 DTS: 6174 < 7169 invalid, clipping PROBLEM #2: get_buffer() failed Error while decoding stream #0:0: Invalid argument

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• Why did my flash drive become "read only" and (how) can I fix it?

  - by Bob

  I have a brand new flash drive (one week old) that has become marked as read only, by Windows, Kubuntu and a bootable partitioner. Why did this happen? Is it fixable? If it is, how can I fix this? The problem Firstly, this drive is new. It's certainly not been used enough to die from normal wear and tear, though I would not discount defective components. The drive itself has somehow become locked in a read only state. Windows' Disk management: Diskpart: Generic Flash Disk USB Device Disk ID: 33FA33FA Type : USB Status : Online Path : 0 Target : 0 LUN ID : 0 Location Path : UNAVAILABLE Current Read-only State : Yes Read-only : No Boot Disk : No Pagefile Disk : No Hibernation File Disk : No Crashdump Disk : No Clustered Disk : No What really confuses me is Current Read-only State : Yes and Read-only : No. Attempted solutions So far, I've tried: Formatting it in Windows (in Disk management, the format options are greyed out when right clicking). DiskPart Clean (CLEAN - Clear the configuration information, or all information, off the disk.): DISKPART> clean DiskPart has encountered an error: The media is write protected. See the System Event Log for more information. There was nothing in the event log. Windows command line format >format G: Insert new disk for drive G: and press ENTER when ready... The type of the file system is FAT32. Verifying 7740M Cannot format. This volume is write protected. Windows chkdsk: see below for details Kubuntu fsck (through VirtualBox USB passthrough): see below for details Acronis True Image to format, to convert to GPT, to destroy and rebuild MBR, basically anything: failed (could not write to MBR) Details (and a nice story) Background This was a brand new, generic, 8GB flash drive I wanted to create a multiboot flash drive with. It came formatted as FAT32, though oddly a little larger than most 8 GIGAbyte flash drives I've come across. Approximately 127MB was listed as "used" by Windows. I never discovered why. The end usable space was about what I normally expect from a 8GB drive (approx 7.4 GIBIbytes). I had thrown quite a few Linux distros on, along with a copy of Hiren's. They would all boot perfectly. They were put on with YUMI. When I tried to put the Knoppix DVD on, YUMI added an odd video option to its boot comman which caused Knoppix to boot with a black screen on X. ttys 1 through 6 still worked as text only interfaces. A few days later, I took some time to take that odd video option off, making the boot command match the one that comes with Knoppix. On the attempt to boot, Knoppix reported some form of LZMA corruption. Leading up to the current issue I was thinking the Knoppix files may have been corrupted somehow, so I tried reloading it. The drive was nearly full (45MB free), so I deleted a generic ISO that also was not booting. That went fine. I then went through YUMI to 'uninstall' Knoppix, i.e. delete files and remove from the menus. The files went first, then the menus were cleared successfully. However, the free space was stuck at about 700MB, same as it was before removing Knoppix. In the old Knoppix folder, there was a 0 byte file named KNOPPIX that could not be deleted. I tried reinserting the drive to delete this file - without safely removing, if that made a difference (hey, first time for everything). Running the standard Windows chkdsk scan without /r or /f reported errors found. Running with /r just got it stuck. I decided to give fsck a shot, so I loaded up my Kubuntu VM and attached the drive to it with VirtualBox's USB 2.0 passthrough. I umounted it (/dev/sda1) and ran a fsck. There are differences between boot sector and its backup. I chose No action. It told me FATs differ and asked me to select either the first or second FAT. Whichever I selected, I got a notice of Free cluster summary wrong. If I chose Correct, it gave a list of incorrect file names. To try to fix something, at least, I ran it with the -p option. Halfway through fixing the files, the VM froze - I ended its process about ten minutes later. Cause? My next attempt was to use YUMI, again, to rebuild the whole drive. I used YUMI's built in reformat (to FAT32) option and installed a Kubuntu ISO (700MB). The format was successful, however, the extract and copy of Kubuntu (which YUMI uses a 7zip binary for) froze at about 60% done. After waiting for about fifteen minutes (longer than the 3.5GB Knoppix ISO took last time), I pulled the drive out. The drive at this point was already formatted, SYSLINUX already installed, just waiting on the unpacking of an ISO and the modifying of the boot menus. Plugging it back in, it came up as normal - however, any write action would fail. Disk management reported it as read only. On reconnect, it would come up as normal but a write operation would cause it to go read only again. After a few attempts, it started coming up as read only on insertion. Attempts to fix This is when I ran through the attempts listed above, to try and reformat it in case of a faulty format. However the inability to do so even on a bootable disk indicated something more serious is wrong. chkdsk now reports nothing is wrong, and fsck still reports MBR inconsistencies, but now always chooses first FAT automatically after telling me FATs differ. It still does the same Free cluster summary wrong afterwards. I cannot run with -p anymore because it is now marked as read only. It also managed to corrupt my VM's disk somehow on the first attempt (yes, I'm sure I chose sda, which is mapped to a 7.4GB drive - I triple checked). Thank god for snapshots? I'm just about out of ideas. To my inexperienced mind it looks like something in the drive's firmware set it to read only "permanently" somehow - is there any way to reset this? I don't particularly care about keeping data, considering I've reformatted it twice. Also, fixes that keep me in Windows are better; it reduces the risk of me accidentally nuking my main hard drive. Update 1: I pulled apart the drive out of curiosity. As you can see, there are no obvious write protect switches. There is an IC on the other side, ALCOR branded labelled AU6989HL, if that matters. If there appears to be no way to fix this, I'll probably pull out the (glued down) card and put it in a card reader to check if it's the card or the controller that died. Update 2: I've pulled the card off, Windows detects the drive as a card reader now. The contacts on the card don't appear to be used, and there are several rows of holes on the card itself. Putting it into the card reader only detects about 30MB total, RAW. It's probably either the reader incorrectly reporting the card as faulty (as if a real SD card's write protect was switched on) or a bad contact somewhere. If nothing else, I have a spare 8GB Micro SD card now... as soon as I figure out how to format it as 8GB.

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• Task scheduler ran a task twice

  - by Ross Buggins

  Update: This has now happened two days in a row. Update: XML of scheduled tasks and images now included. Two servers located in London, both Windows 2012, have a scheduled task set to run at 3pm Monday to Friday. This has been set up for the last 5 months without a problem. However, on Monday the 28th of August they both ran the scheduled task at 3pm and then again at 4pm. When it was first reported, I thought it was too much of a coincidence to be the day after the clocks had gone back an hour. However, I’m failing in being able to explain why it has happened and if it is related to the clock change at all. The relevant logs from one server (the logs for the other follow this pattern as well): Event 129 15:00:20 Task Scheduler launch task "\3pm", instance "C:\Program Files (x86)\PHP\v5.4\php.exe" with process ID 2388. Event 100 15:00:20 Task Scheduler started "{75a3590f-dec1-4dee-bd27-73d63a50a9d7}" instance of the "\3pm" task for user "x\y". Event 200 15:00:20 Task Scheduler launched action "C:\Program Files (x86)\PHP\v5.4\php.exe" in instance "{75a3590f-dec1-4dee-bd27-73d63a50a9d7}" of task "\3pm". Event 201 15:00:23 Task Scheduler successfully completed task "\3pm" , instance "{75a3590f-dec1-4dee-bd27-73d63a50a9d7}" , action "C:\Program Files (x86)\PHP\v5.4\php.exe" with return code 0. Event 129 16:00:20 Task Scheduler launch task "\3pm", instance "C:\Program Files (x86)\PHP\v5.4\php.exe" with process ID 1224. Event 100 16:00:20 Task Scheduler started "{3dd46ca9-c525-4796-86b5-5e513fd45f26}" instance of the "\3pm" task for user "x\y". Event 200 16:00:20 Task Scheduler launched action "C:\Program Files (x86)\PHP\v5.4\php.exe" in instance "{3dd46ca9-c525-4796-86b5-5e513fd45f26}" of task "\3pm". Event 201 16:00:23 Task Scheduler successfully completed task "\3pm" , instance "{3dd46ca9-c525-4796-86b5-5e513fd45f26}" , action "C:\Program Files (x86)\PHP\v5.4\php.exe" with return code 0. I've seen this question Scheduled task running twice from time to time which points to a bug at http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2461249 being the cause. However, this doesn't include Server 2012 in it's list of problem operating systems. I’m struggling to explain this, can anyone else? The XML export for the scheduled task is: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-16"?> <Task version="1.2" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/windows/2004/02/mit/task"> <RegistrationInfo> <Date>2013-04-16T14:04:17.4897806</Date> <Author>x\y</Author> </RegistrationInfo> <Triggers> <CalendarTrigger> <StartBoundary>2013-04-17T15:00:20</StartBoundary> <Enabled>true</Enabled> <ScheduleByWeek> <DaysOfWeek> <Monday /> <Tuesday /> <Wednesday /> <Thursday /> <Friday /> </DaysOfWeek> <WeeksInterval>1</WeeksInterval> </ScheduleByWeek> </CalendarTrigger> </Triggers> <Principals> <Principal id="Author"> <UserId>x\y</UserId> <LogonType>Password</LogonType> <RunLevel>LeastPrivilege</RunLevel> </Principal> </Principals> <Settings> <MultipleInstancesPolicy>IgnoreNew</MultipleInstancesPolicy> <DisallowStartIfOnBatteries>true</DisallowStartIfOnBatteries> <StopIfGoingOnBatteries>true</StopIfGoingOnBatteries> <AllowHardTerminate>true</AllowHardTerminate> <StartWhenAvailable>false</StartWhenAvailable> <RunOnlyIfNetworkAvailable>false</RunOnlyIfNetworkAvailable> <IdleSettings> <StopOnIdleEnd>true</StopOnIdleEnd> <RestartOnIdle>false</RestartOnIdle> </IdleSettings> <AllowStartOnDemand>true</AllowStartOnDemand> <Enabled>true</Enabled> <Hidden>false</Hidden> <RunOnlyIfIdle>false</RunOnlyIfIdle> <WakeToRun>false</WakeToRun> <ExecutionTimeLimit>P3D</ExecutionTimeLimit> <Priority>7</Priority> </Settings> <Actions Context="Author"> <Exec> <Command>"C:\Program Files (x86)\PHP\v5.4\php.exe"</Command> <Arguments>-f "c:\a.php"</Arguments> </Exec> </Actions> </Task> 29 October 17:00 - Update - Both servers have again run the scheduled task at 15:00 and 16:00. I've now updated the php file that is run by the scheduler to not actually do anything whilst I'm going through trying to solve this. I'm planning on restarting one server to see if this changes anything tomorrow. 30 October 08:25 - Update - When exporting the task XML I remembered that I hadn't included the fact that the scheduled task on second server was created by importing the XML of the task created on the first. The only difference between the two tasks is the path of the php file they are executing and the user account that they are running as.

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• High memory usage on the server - can't determine the process

  - by HTF

  I've noticed high memory usage on the server. Details: OS: CentOS 6.3 - x86_64 Web server: Nginx with PHP-FPM The server is generating PDF documents so the traffic is minimum. top: # top -b -n 1 -a top - 10:04:51 up 21 days, 18:57, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 Tasks: 92 total, 1 running, 91 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.3%us, 0.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.6%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 3923092k total, 3720380k used, 202712k free, 133904k buffers Swap: 4194296k total, 12k used, 4194284k free, 147404k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 15855 www-data 20 0 199m 4952 2128 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.06 php-fpm 15853 www-data 20 0 199m 4940 2028 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.06 php-fpm 15850 www-data 20 0 199m 4928 2020 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.05 php-fpm 15851 www-data 20 0 199m 4888 2020 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.06 php-fpm 15852 www-data 20 0 199m 4852 2020 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.06 php-fpm 15857 www-data 20 0 198m 4716 2020 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.06 php-fpm 17553 root 20 0 97816 3860 2924 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.03 sshd 15849 root 20 0 198m 3460 1072 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.12 php-fpm 13441 nginx 20 0 65608 2968 1604 S 0.0 0.1 0:02.06 nginx 13440 nginx 20 0 65608 2964 1600 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.87 nginx 17561 root 20 0 105m 1944 1488 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 bash 1150 xfs 20 0 20980 1784 704 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.13 xfs 15863 root 20 0 179m 1424 1028 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rsyslogd 1 root 20 0 19224 1360 1088 S 0.0 0.0 0:17.96 init 1201 nrpe 20 0 40928 1288 704 S 0.0 0.0 3:57.64 nrpe 13226 root 20 0 114m 1216 612 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 crond 6691 root 20 0 64068 1156 488 S 0.0 0.0 0:09.59 sshd 13439 root 20 0 65104 1128 292 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 nginx 19026 root 20 0 15040 1116 844 R 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 top 451 root 16 -4 11052 1096 316 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 udevd 1174 root 18 -2 11048 1064 288 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 udevd 1175 root 18 -2 11048 1064 288 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 udevd 1065 root 16 -4 93168 824 560 S 0.0 0.0 0:16.00 auditd 1165 root 20 0 4056 564 480 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mingetty 1167 root 20 0 4056 564 480 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mingetty 1169 root 20 0 4056 564 480 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mingetty 1171 root 20 0 4056 564 480 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mingetty 1163 root 20 0 4056 560 480 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mingetty 1176 root 20 0 4056 560 480 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mingetty 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 3 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:11.75 migration/0 4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 44:30.28 ksoftirqd/0 5 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.51 watchdog/0 7 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:11.63 migration/1 8 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/1 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 11:35.50 ksoftirqd/1 10 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.34 watchdog/1 11 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:36.68 events/0 12 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:50.57 events/1 13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cgroup 14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper 15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns 16 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 async/mgr 17 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 pm 18 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:07.86 sync_supers 19 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:10.38 bdi-default 20 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd/0 21 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd/1 22 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:04.35 kblockd/0 23 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:04.18 kblockd/1 24 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpid 25 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpi_notify 26 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpi_hotplug 27 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata/0 28 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata/1 29 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata_aux 30 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksuspend_usbd 31 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khubd 32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kseriod 33 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md/0 34 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md/1 35 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md_misc/0 36 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md_misc/1 37 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.48 khungtaskd 38 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:07.52 kswapd0 39 root 25 5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksmd 40 root 39 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:22.00 khugepaged 41 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/0 42 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/1 43 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 crypto/0 44 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 crypto/1 49 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthrotld/0 50 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthrotld/1 52 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kpsmoused 53 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 usbhid_resumer 83 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kstriped 233 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_eh_0 234 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_eh_1 321 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 virtio-blk 359 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.24 kdmflush 360 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kdmflush 380 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:20.64 jbd2/dm-0-8 381 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ext4-dio-unwrit 382 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ext4-dio-unwrit 694 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 vballoon 697 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 virtio-net 818 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 jbd2/vda1-8 819 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ext4-dio-unwrit 820 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ext4-dio-unwrit 851 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:06.96 kauditd 1013 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:15.45 flush-253:0 ps: # ps aux --sort -vsz | head USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND www-data 13213 0.0 0.1 204416 4772 ? S 08:28 0:00 php-fpm: pool default www-data 13214 0.0 0.1 204416 4776 ? S 08:28 0:00 php-fpm: pool default www-data 13215 0.0 0.1 204416 4832 ? S 08:28 0:00 php-fpm: pool default www-data 13216 0.0 0.1 204416 4776 ? S 08:28 0:00 php-fpm: pool default www-data 13218 0.0 0.1 204416 4956 ? S 08:28 0:00 php-fpm: pool default free: #free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3831 3530 300 0 130 143 -/+ buffers/cache: 3256 574 Swap: 4095 0 4095 When I stooped Nginx, PHP-FPM the memory usage was still the same. Could you help me to investigate what is consuming the memory on the system? Regards

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• my server suddenly crashes every 2 days or so. Programmer has no idea, please help find the cause, here is the top

  - by Alex

  Every couple of days my server suddenly crashes and I must request hardware reset at data center to get it back running. Today I came back to my shell and saw the server was dead and "top" was running on it, and see below for the "top" right before the crash. I opened /var/log/messages and scrolled to the reboot time and see nothing, no errors prior to the hard reboot. (I checked in /etc/syslog.conf and I see "*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none /var/log/messages" , isn't this good enough to log all problems?) Usually when I look at the top, the swap is never used up like this! I also don't know why mysqld is at 323% cpu (server only runs drupal and its never slow or overloaded). Solver is my application. I don't know whats that 'sh' doing and 'dovecot' doing. Its driving me crazy over the last month, please help me solve this mystery and stop my downtimes. top - 01:10:06 up 6 days, 5 min, 3 users, load average: 34.87, 18.68, 9.03 Tasks: 500 total, 19 running, 481 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 96.6%sy, 0.0%ni, 1.7%id, 1.8%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 8165600k total, 8139764k used, 25836k free, 428k buffers Swap: 2104496k total, 2104496k used, 0k free, 8236k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 4421 mysql 15 0 571m 105m 976 S 323.5 1.3 9:08.00 mysqld 564 root 20 -5 0 0 0 R 99.5 0.0 2:49.16 kswapd1 25767 apache 19 0 399m 8060 888 D 79.3 0.1 0:06.64 httpd 25781 apache 19 0 398m 5648 492 R 79.0 0.1 0:08.21 httpd 25961 apache 25 0 398m 5700 560 R 76.7 0.1 0:17.81 httpd 25980 apache 25 0 10816 668 520 R 75.0 0.0 0:46.95 sh 563 root 20 -5 0 0 0 D 71.4 0.0 3:12.37 kswapd0 25766 apache 25 0 399m 7256 756 R 69.7 0.1 0:39.83 httpd 25911 apache 25 0 398m 5612 480 R 58.8 0.1 0:17.63 httpd 25782 apache 25 0 440m 38m 648 R 55.2 0.5 0:18.94 httpd 25966 apache 25 0 398m 5640 556 R 55.2 0.1 0:48.84 httpd 4588 root 25 0 74860 596 476 R 53.9 0.0 0:37.90 crond 25939 apache 25 0 2776 172 84 R 48.9 0.0 0:59.46 solver 4575 root 25 0 397m 6004 1144 R 48.6 0.1 1:00.43 httpd 25962 apache 25 0 398m 5628 492 R 47.9 0.1 0:14.58 httpd 25824 apache 25 0 440m 39m 680 D 47.3 0.5 0:57.85 httpd 25968 apache 25 0 398m 5612 528 R 46.6 0.1 0:42.73 httpd 4477 root 25 0 6084 396 280 R 46.3 0.0 0:59.53 dovecot 25982 root 25 0 397m 5108 240 R 45.9 0.1 0:18.01 httpd 25943 apache 25 0 2916 172 8 R 44.0 0.0 0:53.54 solver 30687 apache 25 0 468m 63m 1124 D 42.3 0.8 0:45.02 httpd 25978 apache 25 0 398m 5688 600 R 23.8 0.1 0:40.99 httpd 25983 root 25 0 397m 5272 384 D 14.9 0.1 0:18.99 httpd 935 root 10 -5 0 0 0 D 14.2 0.0 1:54.60 kjournald 25986 root 25 0 397m 5308 420 D 8.9 0.1 0:04.75 httpd 4011 haldaemo 25 0 31568 1476 716 S 5.6 0.0 0:24.36 hald 25956 apache 23 0 398m 5872 644 S 5.6 0.1 0:13.85 httpd 18336 root 18 0 13004 1332 724 R 0.3 0.0 1:46.66 top 1 root 18 0 10372 212 180 S 0.0 0.0 0:05.99 init 2 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.95 migration/0 3 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 ksoftirqd/0 4 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 5 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.15 migration/1 6 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00 .06 ksoftirqd/1 here is a normal top, when server is working fine: top - 01:50:41 up 21 min, 1 user, load average: 2.98, 2.70, 1.68 Tasks: 271 total, 2 running, 269 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 15.0%us, 1.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 81.4%id, 2.4%wa, 0.1%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 8165600k total, 2035856k used, 6129744k free, 60840k buffers Swap: 2104496k total, 0k used, 2104496k free, 283744k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 2204 apache 17 0 466m 83m 19m S 25.9 1.0 0:22.16 httpd 11347 apache 15 0 466m 83m 19m S 25.9 1.0 0:26.10 httpd 18204 apache 18 0 481m 97m 19m D 25.2 1.2 0:13.99 httpd 4644 apache 18 0 481m 100m 19m D 24.6 1.3 1:17.12 httpd 4727 apache 17 0 481m 99m 19m S 24.3 1.2 1:10.77 httpd 4777 apache 17 0 482m 102m 21m S 23.6 1.3 1:38.27 httpd 8924 apache 15 0 483m 99m 19m S 22.3 1.3 1:13.41 httpd 9390 apache 18 0 483m 99m 19m S 18.9 1.2 1:05.35 httpd 4728 apache 16 0 481m 101m 19m S 14.3 1.3 1:12.50 httpd 4648 apache 15 0 481m 107m 27m S 12.6 1.4 1:18.62 httpd 24955 apache 15 0 467m 82m 19m S 3.3 1.0 0:21.80 httpd 4722 apache 15 0 503m 118m 19m R 1.7 1.5 1:17.79 httpd 4647 apache 15 0 484m 105m 20m S 1.3 1.3 1:40.73 httpd 4643 apache 16 0 481m 100m 20m S 0.7 1.3 1:11.80 httpd 1561 root 15 0 12900 1264 828 R 0.3 0.0 0:00.54 top 4434 mysql 15 0 496m 55m 4812 S 0.3 0.7 0:06.69 mysqld 4646 apache 15 0 481m 100m 19m S 0.3 1.3 1:25.51 httpd 1 root 18 0 10372 692 580 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.09 init 2 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 migration/0 3 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/0 4 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 5 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/1 6 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/1 7 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/1 8 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/2 9 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/2 10 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/2 11 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/3 12 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/3 13 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/3 14 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 migration/4 15 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/4 16 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/4 17 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 migration/5 18 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/5 19 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/5 20 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 migration/6 21 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/6 22 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/6 23 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/7

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• Alternate way to create a clone of a UNIX System

  - by Spirit

  THE STORY: (If you don't like to read much, down below is the question :) ) Where I work we have two HP RP2470 servers same hardware same number of hard drives same everything :). One of them is a production server and runs HP-UX 11.00. The poor ba***rd hasn't been turned off for years and now I have to make a clone of it on the other server - just in case, for redundancy. The problem is simple (or not simple) as I have to make the the other server exactly the same. However the old version of OS (UX 11.00 is a history now) and the old software running on it, have made my task almost impossible. On the production server there is also a cloning/recover utility Ignite-UX. I tried many times to create a recovery tape with it. Then when I load the tape on the backup server, it succeeds with the loading of the tape (no errors no warnings) but on the next restart it fails to load the OS :S and drops into HP`s ISL prompt. --- THE QUESTION: Is there an alternate way to create a clone of the Unix System? The environment is: 1. 2x HP RP2470 Servers (non-Intel), same hardware, same number od HDDs (two each of them) same everything. 2. OS running: HP-UX 11.00 The production server has to be cloned without downtime - sadly :( as I hope that they will reconsider on this one For example (like on Windows platforms), if you try to copy an entire HDD with Windows inside on another HDD, and then put that HDD on another PC it will still work, as long as the hardware is the same. Can I do something like that with a Unix system? Can I somehow COPY the contents of the entire HDD, put those on another HDD, and then just load the HDD into the other server? (If you haven't read the story the servers are exactly the same) Will it work? Can it be done with ordinary commands like cp or dump or something like that? Does any one have a similar experience? --- UPDATE: 26.01.2012 NOTE: The update is related to "The Story". If you haven't read that part then you can skip this update. This is just a short update on the recover logs from the Ignite Tape.. someone with more exp. might notice something.. ... --- READING CONTENTS OF THE IGNITE TAPE --- --- OUTPUT OMITED --- ... ... x ./configure3, 413696 bytes, 808 tape blocks x ./monitor_bpr, 20480 bytes, 40 tape blocks * Download_mini-system: Complete * Loading_software: Begin * Installing boot area on disk. * Enabling swap areas. * Backing up LVM configuration for "vg00". * Processing the archive source (Recovery Archive). * Wed Jan 25 15:27:32 EST 2012: Starting archive load of the source (Recovery Archive). * Positioning the tape (/dev/rmt/0mn). * Archive extraction from tape is beginning. Please wait. * Wed Jan 25 15:39:52 EST 2012: Completed archive load of the source (Recovery Archive). * Executing user specified script: "/opt/ignite/data/scripts/os_arch_post_l". * Running in recovery mode (os_arch_post_l). * Running the ioinit command ("/sbin/ioinit -c") * Creating device files via the insf command. insf: Installing special files for sdisk instance 0 address 0/0/1/1.15.0 insf: Installing special files for sdisk instance 1 address 0/0/2/0.1.0 insf: Installing special files for sdisk instance 2 address 0/0/2/1.15.0 insf: Installing special files for stape instance 0 address 0/0/1/0.3.0 insf: Installing special files for btlan instance 0 address 0/0/0/0 insf: Installing special files for btlan instance 1 address 0/2/0/0 insf: Installing special files for pseudo driver dlpi insf: Installing special files for pseudo driver kepd insf: Installing special files for pseudo driver framebuf insf: Installing special files for pseudo driver sad * Running "/opt/upgrade/bin/tlinstall -v" and correcting transition link permissions. * Constructing the bootconf file. * Setting primary boot path to "0/0/1/1.15.0". * Executing: "/var/adm/sw/products/PHSS_20146/pfiles/iux_postload". * Executing: "/var/adm/sw/products/PHSS_25982/pfiles/iux_postload". NOTE: tlinstall is searching filesystem - please be patient NOTE: Successfully completed * Loading_software: Complete * Build_Kernel: Begin NOTE: Since the /stand/vmunix kernel is already in place, the kernel will not be re-built. Note that no mod_kernel directives will be processed. * Build_Kernel: Complete * Boot_From_Client_Disk: Begin * Rebooting machine as expected. NOTE: Rebooting system. sync'ing disks (0 buffers to flush): 0 buffers not flushed 0 buffers still dirty Closing open logical volumes... Done Console reset done. Boot device reset done. ********** VIRTUAL FRONT PANEL ********** System Boot detected ***************************************** LEDs: RUN ATTENTION FAULT REMOTE POWER FLASH OFF OFF ON ON LED State: Running non-OS code. (i.e. Boot or Diagnostics) ... ... ... --- SERVER IS PERFORMING POST SEQUENCE HERE --- --- OUTPUT OMITED --- ... ... ... ***************************************** ************ EARLY BOOT VFP ************* End of early boot detected ***************************************** Firmware Version 43.50 Duplex Console IO Dependent Code (IODC) revision 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (c) Copyright 1995-2002, Hewlett-Packard Company, All rights reserved ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Processor Speed State CoProcessor State Cache Size Number State Inst Data --------- -------- --------------------- ----------------- ------------ 0 650 MHz Active Functional 750 KB 1.5 MB 1 650 MHz Idle Functional 750 KB 1.5 MB Central Bus Speed (in MHz) : 120 Available Memory : 2097152 KB Good Memory Required : 16140 KB Primary boot path: 0/0/1/1.15 Alternate boot path: 0/0/2/1.15 Console path: 0/0/4/1.643 Keyboard path: 0/0/4/0.0 Processor is starting autoboot process. To discontinue, press any key within 10 seconds. 10 seconds expired. Proceeding... Trying Primary Boot Path ------------------------ Booting... Boot IO Dependent Code (IODC) revision 1 HARD Booted. ISL Revision A.00.38 OCT 26, 1994 ISL booting hpux ISL>

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• Linux server is only using 60% of memory, then swapping

  - by Kamil Kisiel

  I've got a Linux server that's running our bacula backup system. The machine is grinding like mad because it's going heavy in to swap. The problem is, it's only using 60% of its physical memory! Here's the output from free -m: free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3949 2356 1593 0 0 1 -/+ buffers/cache: 2354 1595 Swap: 7629 1804 5824 and some sample output from vmstat 1: procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- -----cpu------ r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 2 1843536 1634512 0 4188 54 13 2524 666 2 1 1 1 89 9 0 1 11 1845916 1640724 0 388 2700 4816 221880 4879 14409 170721 4 3 63 30 0 0 9 1846096 1643952 0 0 4956 756 174832 804 12357 159306 3 4 63 30 0 0 11 1846104 1643532 0 0 4916 540 174320 580 10609 139960 3 4 64 29 0 0 4 1846084 1640272 0 2336 4080 524 140408 548 9331 118287 3 4 63 30 0 0 8 1846104 1642096 0 1488 2940 432 102516 457 7023 82230 2 4 65 29 0 0 5 1846104 1642268 0 1276 3704 452 126520 452 9494 119612 3 5 65 27 0 3 12 1846104 1641528 0 328 6092 608 187776 636 8269 113059 4 3 64 29 0 2 2 1846084 1640960 0 724 5948 0 111480 0 7751 116370 4 4 63 29 0 0 4 1846100 1641484 0 404 4144 1476 125760 1500 10668 105358 2 3 71 25 0 0 13 1846104 1641932 0 0 5872 828 153808 840 10518 128447 3 4 70 22 0 0 8 1846096 1639172 0 3164 3556 556 74884 580 5082 65362 2 2 73 23 0 1 4 1846080 1638676 0 396 4512 28 50928 44 2672 38277 2 2 80 16 0 0 3 1846080 1628808 0 7132 2636 0 28004 8 1358 14090 0 1 78 20 0 0 2 1844728 1618552 0 11140 7680 0 12740 8 763 2245 0 0 82 18 0 0 2 1837764 1532056 0 101504 2952 0 95644 24 802 3817 0 1 87 12 0 0 11 1842092 1633324 0 4416 1748 10900 143144 11024 6279 134442 3 3 70 24 0 2 6 1846104 1642756 0 0 4768 468 78752 468 4672 60141 2 2 76 20 0 1 12 1846104 1640792 0 236 4752 440 140712 464 7614 99593 3 5 58 34 0 0 3 1846084 1630368 0 6316 5104 0 20336 0 1703 22424 1 1 72 26 0 2 17 1846104 1638332 0 3168 4080 1720 211960 1744 11977 155886 3 4 65 28 0 1 10 1846104 1640800 0 132 4488 556 126016 584 8016 106368 3 4 63 29 0 0 14 1846104 1639740 0 2248 3436 428 114188 452 7030 92418 3 3 59 35 0 1 6 1846096 1639504 0 1932 5500 436 141412 460 8261 112210 4 4 63 29 0 0 10 1846104 1640164 0 3052 4028 448 147684 472 7366 109554 4 4 61 30 0 0 10 1846100 1641040 0 2332 4952 632 147452 664 8767 118384 3 4 63 30 0 4 8 1846084 1641092 0 664 4948 276 152264 292 6448 98813 5 5 62 28 0 Furthermore, the output of top sorted by CPU time seems to support the theory that swap is what's bogging down the system: top - 09:05:32 up 37 days, 23:24, 1 user, load average: 9.75, 8.24, 7.12 Tasks: 173 total, 1 running, 172 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 1.6%us, 1.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 76.1%id, 20.6%wa, 0.1%hi, 0.2%si, 0.0%st Mem: 4044632k total, 2405628k used, 1639004k free, 0k buffers Swap: 7812492k total, 1851852k used, 5960640k free, 436k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ TIME COMMAND 4174 root 17 0 63156 176 56 S 8 0.0 2138:52 35,38 bacula-fd 4185 root 17 0 63352 284 104 S 6 0.0 1709:25 28,29 bacula-sd 240 root 15 0 0 0 0 D 3 0.0 831:55.19 831:55 kswapd0 2852 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 1 0.0 126:35.59 126:35 xfsbufd 2849 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 119:50.94 119:50 xfsbufd 1364 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 117:05.39 117:05 xfsbufd 21 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 1 0.0 48:03.44 48:03 events/3 6940 postgres 16 0 43596 8 8 S 0 0.0 46:50.35 46:50 postmaster 1342 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 23:14.34 23:14 xfsdatad/4 5415 root 17 0 1770m 108 48 S 0 0.0 15:03.74 15:03 bacula-dir 23 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 13:09.71 13:09 events/5 5604 root 17 0 1216m 500 200 S 0 0.0 12:38.20 12:38 java 5552 root 16 0 1194m 580 248 S 0 0.0 11:58.00 11:58 java Here's the same sorted by virtual memory image size: top - 09:08:32 up 37 days, 23:27, 1 user, load average: 8.43, 8.26, 7.32 Tasks: 173 total, 1 running, 172 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 3.6%us, 3.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 62.2%id, 30.2%wa, 0.2%hi, 0.3%si, 0.0%st Mem: 4044632k total, 2404212k used, 1640420k free, 0k buffers Swap: 7812492k total, 1852548k used, 5959944k free, 100k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ TIME COMMAND 5415 root 17 0 1770m 56 44 S 0 0.0 15:03.78 15:03 bacula-dir 5604 root 17 0 1216m 492 200 S 0 0.0 12:38.30 12:38 java 5552 root 16 0 1194m 476 200 S 0 0.0 11:58.20 11:58 java 4598 root 16 0 117m 44 44 S 0 0.0 0:13.37 0:13 eventmond 9614 gdm 16 0 93188 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.30 0:00 gdmgreeter 5527 root 17 0 78716 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.30 0:00 gdm 4185 root 17 0 63352 284 104 S 20 0.0 1709:52 28,29 bacula-sd 4174 root 17 0 63156 208 88 S 24 0.0 2139:25 35,39 bacula-fd 10849 postgres 18 0 54740 216 108 D 0 0.0 0:31.40 0:31 postmaster 6661 postgres 17 0 49432 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:03.50 0:03 postmaster 5507 root 15 0 47980 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 0:00 gdm 6940 postgres 16 0 43596 16 16 S 0 0.0 46:51.39 46:51 postmaster 5304 postgres 16 0 40580 132 88 S 0 0.0 6:21.79 6:21 postmaster 5301 postgres 17 0 40448 24 24 S 0 0.0 0:32.17 0:32 postmaster 11280 root 16 0 40288 28 28 S 0 0.0 0:00.11 0:00 sshd 5534 root 17 0 37580 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:56.18 0:56 X 30870 root 30 15 31668 28 28 S 0 0.0 1:13.38 1:13 snmpd 5305 postgres 17 0 30628 16 16 S 0 0.0 0:11.60 0:11 postmaster 27403 postfix 17 0 30248 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:02.76 0:02 qmgr 10815 postfix 15 0 30208 16 16 S 0 0.0 0:00.02 0:00 pickup 5306 postgres 16 0 29760 20 20 S 0 0.0 0:52.89 0:52 postmaster 5302 postgres 17 0 29628 64 32 S 0 0.0 1:00.64 1:00 postmaster I've tried tuning the swappiness kernel parameter to both high and low values, but nothing appears to change the behavior here. I'm at a loss to figure out what's going on. How can I find out what's causing this? Update: The system is a fully 64-bit system, so there should be no question of memory limitations due to 32-bit issues. Update2: As I mentioned in the original question, I've already tried tuning swappiness to all sorts of values, including 0. The result is always the same, with approximately 1.6 GB of memory remaining unused. Update3: Added top output to the above info.

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• SQL SERVER – Mirroring Configured Without Domain – The server network address TCP://SQLServerName:50

  - by pinaldave

  Regular readers of my blog will be aware of my friend who called me few days ago with very a funny SQL Problem SQL SERVER – SSMS Query Command(s) completed successfully without ANY Results. This time, it did not take long before he called me up with another interesting problem, although the issue he was facing this time was not that interesting and also very specific to him, however, he insisted me to share with all of you. Let us understand his situation at first. My friend is preparing for DBA exam Exam 70-450: PRO: Designing, Optimizing and Maintaining a Database Server Infrastructure using Microsoft SQL Server 2008 and for the same, he was trying to set up replication on his local laptop. He had installed two different instances of SQL Server on his computer and every time when he started the mirroring, it failed with common error message. The server network address “TCP://SQLServer:5023? cannot be reached or does not exist. Check the network address name and that the ports for the local and remote endpoints are operational. (Microsoft SQL Server, Error: 1418) Well, before he contacted me, he searched online and checked my article written on the error in mirroring. However, he tried all the four suggestions, but it did not solve his problem. He called me at a reasonable time of late evening (unlike last time, which was midnight!). I even tried all the seven different suggestions myself, as previously proposed in my article; however, none of them worked. While looking at closely at services, I noticed something very simple. He was running all the instances on ‘Network Services’. In fact, his computer was a stand-alone computer. There was no network at all. Also, there was no domain or any other advance network concepts implemented. I just changed services from ‘Network Services’ to ‘Local System’ as his SQL Server was running on his local system and there were no network services. This prompted to restart the services. As this was not the production server and his development machine, we restarted the services on the laptop (do not restart services on production server without proper planning). After changing the ‘services log on’ account to localsystem, when he attempted to reconfigure the mirroring it worked right away. As usually in production server, proper domains are configured and advance network concepts are implemented I had never faced this type of problem earlier. My friend insisted to post this solution to his situation, wherein there was no domain configured and setting up mirroring was throwing an error. According to him, this is bound to help people, like him, who are preparing for certification using single system. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Error Messages, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology Tagged: SQL Certifications, SQL Mirroring

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• Install usblib package - Ubuntu

  - by Tom celic

  I need the package libusb for another package I am installing. I tried the following which seemed to install the package, sudo apt-get install libusb-dev but when I try to install the other package I get, configure: error: Package requirements (libusb-1.0 >= 0.9.1) were not met: No package 'libusb-1.0' found Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you installed software in a non-standard prefix. Alternatively, you may set the environment variables LIBUSB_CFLAGS and LIBUSB_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config. See the pkg-config man page for more details. When I run the command dpkg -L libusb-dev, I get: /. /usr /usr/bin /usr/bin/libusb-config /usr/include /usr/include/usb.h /usr/lib /usr/lib/libusb.a /usr/lib/libusb.la /usr/lib/pkgconfig /usr/lib/pkgconfig/libusb.pc /usr/share /usr/share/doc /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/index.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/preface.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/intro.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/intro-overview.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/intro-support.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/api.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/api-device-interfaces.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/api-timeouts.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/api-types.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/api-synchronous.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/api-return-values.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/functions.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/ref.core.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/function.usbinit.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/function.usbfindbusses.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/function.usbfinddevices.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/function.usbgetbusses.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/ref.deviceops.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/function.usbopen.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/function.usbclose.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/function.usbsetconfiguration.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/function.usbsetaltinterface.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/function.usbresetep.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/function.usbclearhalt.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/function.usbreset.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/function.usbclaiminterface.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/function.usbreleaseinterface.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/ref.control.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/function.usbcontrolmsg.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/function.usbgetstring.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/function.usbgetstringsimple.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/function.usbgetdescriptor.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/function.usbgetdescriptorbyendpoint.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/ref.bulk.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/function.usbbulkwrite.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/function.usbbulkread.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/ref.interrupt.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/function.usbinterruptwrite.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/function.usbinterruptread.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/ref.nonportable.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/function.usbgetdrivernp.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/function.usbdetachkerneldrivernp.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/examples.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/examples-code.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/examples-tests.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/html/examples-other.html /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/copyright /usr/share/doc-base /usr/share/doc-base/libusb-dev /usr/share/man /usr/share/man/man1 /usr/share/man/man1/libusb-config.1.gz /usr/lib/libusb.so /usr/share/doc/libusb-dev/changelog.Debian.gz Any ideas??

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• SQL Authority News – Download Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Feature Pack and Microsoft SQL Server Developer’s Edition

  - by Pinal Dave

  Yesterday I attended the SQL Server Community Launch in Bangalore and presented on Performing an effective Presentation. It was a fun presentation and people very well received it. No matter on what subject, I present, I always end up talking about SQL. Here are two of the questions I had received during the event. Q1) I want to install SQL Server on my development server, where can we get it for free or at an economical price (I do not have MSDN)? A1) If you are not going to use your server in a production environment, you can just get SQL Server Developer’s Edition and you can read more about it over here. Here is another favorite question which I keep on receiving it during the event. Q2) I already have SQL Server installed on my machine, what are different feature pack should I install and where can I get them from. A2) Just download and install Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Service Pack. Here is the link for downloading it. The Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Feature Pack is a collection of stand-alone packages which provide additional value for Microsoft SQL Server. It includes tool and components for Microsoft SQL Server 2014 and add-on providers for Microsoft SQL Server 2014. Here is the list of component this product contains: Microsoft SQL Server Backup to Windows Azure Tool Microsoft SQL Server Cloud Adapter Microsoft Kerberos Configuration Manager for Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Semantic Language Statistics Microsoft SQL Server Data-Tier Application Framework Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Transact-SQL Language Service Microsoft Windows PowerShell Extensions for Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Shared Management Objects Microsoft Command Line Utilities 11 for Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft ODBC Driver 11 for Microsoft SQL Server – Windows Microsoft JDBC Driver 4.0 for Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft Drivers 3.0 for PHP for Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Transact-SQL ScriptDom Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Transact-SQL Compiler Service Microsoft System CLR Types for Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Remote Blob Store SQL RBS codeplex samples page SQL Server Remote Blob Store blogs Microsoft SQL Server Service Broker External Activator for Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Microsoft OData Source for Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Microsoft Balanced Data Distributor for Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Microsoft Change Data Capture Designer and Service for Oracle by Attunity for Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Master Data Service Add-in for Microsoft Excel Microsoft SQL Server StreamInsight Microsoft Connector for SAP BW for Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Microsoft SQL Server Migration Assistant Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Upgrade Advisor Microsoft OLEDB Provider for DB2 v5.0 for Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Microsoft SQL Server 2014 PowerPivot for Microsoft SharePoint 2013 Microsoft SQL Server 2014 ADOMD.NET Microsoft Analysis Services OLE DB Provider for Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Analysis Management Objects Microsoft SQL Server Report Builder for Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Reporting Services Add-in for Microsoft SharePoint Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com)Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Download, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQLAuthority News, T SQL

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• IIS SSL Certificate Renewal Pain

  - by Rick Strahl

  I’m in the middle of my annual certificate renewal for the West Wind site and I can honestly say that I hate IIS’s certificate system.  When it works it’s fine, but when it doesn’t man can it be a pain. Because I deal with public certificates on my site merely once a year, and you have to perform the certificate dance just the right way, I seem to run into some sort of trouble every year, thinking that Microsoft surely must have addressed the issues I ran into previously – HA! Not so. Don’t ever use the Renew Certificate Feature in IIS! The first rule that I should have never forgotten is that certificate renewals in IIS (7 is what I’m using but I think it’s no different in 7.5 and 8), simply don’t work if you’re submitting to get a public certificate from a certificate authority. I use DNSimple for my DNS domain management and SSL certificates because they provide ridiculously easy domain management and good prices for SSL certs – especially wildcard certificates, which is what I use on west-wind.com. Certificates in IIS can be found pegged to the machine root. If you go into the IIS Manager, go to the machine root the tree and then click on certificates and you then get various certificate options: Both of these options create a new Certificate request (CSR), which is just a text file. But if you’re silly enough like me to click on the Renew button on your old certificate, you’ll find that you end up generating a very long Certificate Request that looks nothing like the original certificate request and the format that’s used for this is not accepted by most certificate authorities. While I’m not sure exactly what the problem is, it simply looks like IIS is respecting none of your original certificate bit size choices and is generating a huge certificate request that is 3 times the size of a ‘normal’ certificate request. The end result is (and I’ve done this at least twice now) is that the certificate processor is likely to fail processing those renewals. Always create a new Certificate While it’s a little more work and you have to remember how to fill out the certificate request properly, this is the safe way to make sure your certificate generates properly. First comes the Distinguished Name Properties dialog: Ah yes you have to love the nomenclature of this stuff. Distinguished name, Common name – WTF is a common name? It doesn’t look common to me! Make sure this form gets filled out correctly. Common NameThis is the domain name of the Web site. In my case I’m creating a wildcard certificate so I’m using the * prefix. If you’re purchasing a certificate for a specific domain use www.west-wind.com or store.west-wind.com for example. Make sure this matches the EXACT domain you’re trying to use secure access on because that’s all the certificate is going to work on unless you get a wildcard certificate. Organization Is the name of your company or organization. Depending on the kind of certificate you purchase this name will show up on your certificate. Most low end SSL certificates (ie. those that cost under $100 for single domains) don’t list the organization, the higher signature certificates that also require extensive validation by the cert authority do. Regardless you should make sure this matches the right company/organization. Organizational Unit This can be anything. Not really sure what this is for, but traditionally I’ve always set this to Web because – well this is a Web thing after all right? I’ve never seen this used anywhere that I can tell other than to internally reference the cert. State and CountryPretty obvious. Should reflect the location of the business/organization/person or site.   Next you have to configure the bit size used for the certificate: The default on this dialog is 1024, but I’ve found that most providers these days request a minimum bit length of 2048, as did my DNSimple provider. Again check with the provider when you submit to make sure. Bit length mismatches can cause problems if you use a size that isn’t supported by the provider. I had that happen last year when I submitted my CSR and it got rejected quite a bit later, when the certs usually are issued within an hour or less. When you’re done here, the certificate is saved to disk as a .txt file and it should look something like this (this is a 2048 bit length CSR):-----BEGIN NEW CERTIFICATE REQUEST----- MIIEVGCCAz0CAQAwdjELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxDzANBgNVBAgMBkhhd2FpaTENMAsG A1UEBwwEUGFpYTEfMB0GA1UECgwWV2VzdCBXaW5kIFRlY2hub2xvZ2llczEMMAoG B1UECwwDV2ViMRgwFgYDVQQDDA8qLndlc3Qtd2luZC5jb20wggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3 DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQDIPWOFMkMVRp2Ftj9w/cCVV4OYYhoZYtl+8lTk oqDwKca0xWHLgioX/9v0rZLS6a82MHqKEBxVXu+cuCmSE4AQtB/1YH9lS4tpc/be OZDvnTotP6l4MCEzzAfROcw4CiIg6X0RMSnl8IATAvv2V5LQM9TDdt9oDdMpX2IY +vVC9RZ7PMHBmR9kwI2i/lrKitzhQKaHgpmKcRlM6iqpALUiX28w5HJaDKK1MDHN 607tyFJLHijuJKx7PdTqZYf50KkC3NupfZ2avVycf18Q13jHWj59tvwEOczoVzRL l4LQivAqbhyiqMpWnrZunIOUZta5aGm+jo7O1knGWJjxuraTAgMBAAGgggGYMBoG CisGAQQBgjcNAgMxDBYKNi4yLjkyMDAuMjA0BgkrBgEEAYI3FRQxJzAlAgEFDAZS QVNYUFMMC1JBU1hQU1xSaWNrDAtJbmV0TWdyLmV4ZTByBgorBgEEAYI3DQICMWQw YgIBAR5aAE0AaQBjAHIAbwBzAG8AZgB0ACAAUgBTAEEAIABTAEMAaABhAG4AbgBl AGwAIABDAHIAeQBwAHQAbwBnAHIAYQBwAGgAaQBjACAAUAByAG8AdgBpAGQAZQBy AwEAMIHPBgkqhkiG9w0BCQ4xgcEwgb4wDgYDVR0PAQH/BAQDAgTwMBMGA1UdJQQM MAoGCCsGAQUFBwMBMHgGCSqGSIb3DQEJDwRrMGkwDgYIKoZIhvcNAwICAgCAMA4G CCqGSIb3DQMEAgIAgDALBglghkgBZQMEASowCwYJYIZIAWUDBAEtMAsGCWCGSAFl AwQBAjALBglghkgBZQMEAQUwBwYFKw4DAgcwCgYIKoZIhvcNAwcwHQYDVR0OBBYE FD/yOsTbXE+GVFCFMmldzQvyloz9MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAA4IBAQCK6LlsCuIM 1AU0niB6QZ9v0FTsGFxP1dYvVUnJyY6VEKNiGFiQjZac7UCs0p58yScdXWEFOE8V OsjAYD3xYNc05+ckyD67UHRGEUAVB9RBvbKW23KeR/8kBmEzc8PemD52YOgExxAJ 57xWmAwEHAvbgYzQvhO8AOzH3TGvvHbg5UKM1pYgNmuwZq5DkL/IDoeIJwfk/wrI wghNTuxxIFgbH4YrgLgv4PRvrS/LaTCRBdboaCgzATMczaOb1nd/DVNR+3fCtMhM W0psTAjzRbmXF3nJyAQa7jF/52gkY0RfFX2lG5tJnG+XDsVNvKNvh9Qa5Tlmkm06 ILKCm9ciWCKk -----END NEW CERTIFICATE REQUEST----- You can take that certificate request and submit that to your certificate provider. Since this is base64 encoded you can typically just paste it into a text box on the submission page, or some providers will ask you to upload the CSR as a file. What does a Renewal look like? Note the length of the CSR will vary somewhat with key strength, but compare this to a renewal request that IIS generated from my existing site:-----BEGIN NEW CERTIFICATE REQUEST----- MIIPpwYFKoZIhvcNAQcCoIIPmDCCD5QCAQExCzAJBgUrDgMCGgUAMIIIqAYJKoZI hvcNAQcBoIIImQSCCJUwggiRMIIH+gIBADBdMSEwHwYDVQQLDBhEb21haW4gQ29u dHJvbCBWYWxpFGF0ZWQxHjAcBgNVBAsMFUVzc2VudGlhbFNTTCBXaWxkY2FyZDEY MBYGA1UEAwwPKi53ZXN0LXdpbmQuY29tMIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCB iQKBgQCK4OuIOR18Wb8tNMGRZiD1c9X57b332Lj7DhbckFqLs0ys8kVDHrTXSj+T Ye9nmAvfPpZmBtE5p9qRNN79rUYugAdl+qEtE4IJe1bRfxXzcKa1SXa8+TEs3zQa zYSmcR2dDuC8om1eAdeCtt0NnkvANgm1VLwGOor/UHMASaEhCQIDAQABoIIG8jAa BgorBgEEAYI3DQIDMQwWCjYuMi45MjAwLjIwNAYJKwYBBAGCNxUUMScwJQIBBQwG UkFTWFBTDAtSQVNYUFNcUmljawwLSW5ldE1nci5leGUwZgYKKwYBBAGCNw0CAjFY MFYCAQIeTgBNAGkAYwByAG8AcwBvAGYAdAAgAFMAdAByAG8AbgBnACAAQwByAHkA cAB0AG8AZwByAGEAcABoAGkAYwAgAFAAcgBvAHYAaQBkAGUAcgMBADCCAQAGCSqG SIb3DQEJDjGB8jCB7zAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCBaAwDAYDVR0TAQH/BAIwADA0BgNV HSUELTArBggrBgEFBQcDAQYIKwYBBQUHAwIGCisGAQQBgjcKAwMGCWCGSAGG+EIE ATBPBgNVHSAESDBGMDoGCysGAQQBsjEBAgIHMCswKQYIKwYBBQUHAgEWHWh0dHBz Oi8vc2VjdXJlLmNvbW9kby5jb20vQ1BTMAgGBmeBDAECATApBgNVHREEIjAggg8q Lndlc3Qtd2luZC5jb22CDXdlc3Qtd2luZC5jb20wHQYDVR0OBBYEFEVLAyO8gDiv lsfovKrx9mHPyrsiMIIFMAYJKwYBBAGCNw0BMYIFITCCBR0wggQFoAMCAQICEQDu 1E1T5Jvtkm5LOfSHabWlMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAMHIxCzAJBgNVBAYTAkdCMRsw GQYDVQQIExJHcmVhdGVyIE1hbmNoZXN0ZXIxEDAOBgNVBAcTB1NhbGZvcmQxGjAY BgNVBAoTEUNPTU9ETyBDQSBMaW1pdGVkMRgwFgYDVQQDEw9Fc3NlbnRpYWxTU0wg Q0EwHhcNMTQwNTA3MDAwMDAwWhcNMTUwNjA2MjM1OTU5WjBdMSEwHwYDVQQLExhE b21haW4gQ29udHJvbCBWYWxpZGF0ZWQxHjAcBgNVBAsTFUVzc2VudGlhbFNTTCBX aWxkY2FyZDEYMBYGA1UEAxQPKi53ZXN0LXdpbmQuY29tMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0B AQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAiyKfL66XB51DlUfm6xXqJBcvMU2qorRHxC+WjEpB amvg8XoqNfCKzDAvLMbY4BLhbYCTagqtslnP3Gj4AKhXqRKU0n6iSbmS1gcWzCJM CHufZ5RDtuTuxhTdJxzP9YqZUfKV5abWQp/TK6V1ryaBJvdqM73q4tRjrQODtkiR PfZjxpybnBHFJS8jYAf8jcOjSDZcgN1d9Evc5MrEJCp/90cAkozyF/NMcFtD6Yj8 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+XZ8bhM7vsAS+pZionR4MyuQ0mYIt/lDcsZVZ91KxTsIm8rNMkkYGFoSIXjQ0+0t CbxMF0i2qnpmNRpA6PU8l7lxxvPkplsk9KB8QIPFrR5p/i/SUAd9vECWh5+/ktlc rfFP2PK7XcEwWizsvMrNqLyvQVNXSUPTMYIBrzCCAasCAQEwgYcwcjELMAkGA1UE BhMCR0IxGzAZBgNVBAgTEkdyZWF0ZXIgTWFuY2hlc3RlcjEQMA4GA1UEBxMHU2Fs Zm9yZDEaMBgGA1UEChMRQ09NT0RPIENBIExpbWl0ZWQxGDAWBgNVBAMTD0Vzc2Vu dGlhbFNTTCBDQQIRAO7UTVPkm+2Sbks59IdptaUwCQYFKw4DAhoFADANBgkqhkiG 9w0BAQEFAASCAQB8PNQ6bYnQpWfkHyxnDuvNKw3wrqF2p7JMZm+SuN2qp3R2LpCR mW2LrGtQIm9Iob/QOYH+8houYNVdvsATGPXX2T8gzn+anof4tOG0vCTK1Bp9bwf9 MkRP+1c8RW/vkYmUW4X5/C+y3CZpMH5dDTaXBIpXFzjX/fxNpH/rvLzGiaYYL3Cn OLO+aOADr9qq5yoqwpiYCSfYNNYKTUNNGfYIidQwYtbHXEYhSukB2oR89xD2sZZ4 bOqFjUPgTa5SsERLDDeg3omMKiIXVYGxlqBEq51Kge6IQt4qQV9P9VgInW7cWmKe dTqNHI9ri3ttewdEnT++TKGKKfTjX9SR8Waj -----END NEW CERTIFICATE REQUEST----- Clearly there’s something very different between this an my original request! And it didn’t work. IIS creates a custom CSR that is encoded in a format that no certificate authority I’ve ever used uses. If you want the gory details of what’s in there look at this ServerFault question (thanks to Mika in the comments). In the end it doesn’t matter  though – no certificate authority knows what to do with this CSR. So create a new CSR and skip the renewal. Always! Use the same Server Keep in mind that on IIS at least you should always create your certificate on a single server and then when you receive the final certificate from your provider import it on that server. IIS tracks the CSR it created and requires it in order to import the final certificate properly. So if for some reason you try to install the certificate on another server, it won’t work. I’ve also run into trouble trying to install the same certificate twice – this time around I didn’t give my certificate the proper friendly name and IIS failed to allow me to assign the certificate to any of my Web sites. So I removed the certificate and tried to import again, only to find it failed the second time around. There are other ways to fix this, but in my case I had to have the certificate re-issued to work – not what you want to do. Regardless of what you do though, when you import make sure you do it right the first time by crossing all your t’s and dotting your i's– it’ll save you a lot of grief! You don’t actually have to use the server that the certificate gets installed on to generate the CSR and first install it, but it is generally a good idea to do so just so you can get the certificate installed into the right place right away. If you have access to the server where you need to install the certificate you might as well use it. But you can use another machine to generated the and install the certificate, then export the certificate and move it to another machine as needed. So you can use your Dev machine to create a certificate then export it and install it on a live server. More on installation and back up/export later. Installing the Certificate Once you’ve submitted a CSR request your provider will process the request and eventually issue you a new final certificate that contains another text file with the final key to import into your certificate store. IIS does this by combining the content in your certificate request with the original CSR. If all goes well your new certificate shows up in the certificate list and you’re ready to assign the certificate to your sites. Make sure you use a friendly name that matches domain name of your site. So use *.mysite.com or www.mysite.com or store.mysite.com to ensure IIS recognizes the certificate. I made the mistake of not naming my friendly name this way and found that IIS was unable to link my sites to my wildcard certificate. It needed to have the *. as part of the certificate otherwise the Hostname input field was blanked out. Changing the Friendly Name If you by accidentally used an invalid friendly name you can change it later in the Windows certificate store. Bring up a Run Box Type MMC File | Add/Remove Snap In Add Certificates | Computer Account | Local Computer Drill into Certificates | Personal | Certificates Find your Certificate | Right Click | Properties Edit the Friendly Name | Click OK Backing up your Certificate The first thing you should do once your certificate is successfully installed is to back it up! In case your server crashes or you otherwise lose your configuration this will ensure you have an easy way to recover and reinstall your certificate either on the same server or a different one. If you’re running a server farm or using a wildcard certificate you also need to get the certificate onto other machines and a PFX file import is the easiest way to do this. To back up your certificate select your certificate and choose Export from the context or sidebar menu: The Export Certificate option allows you to export a password protected binary file that you can import in a single step. You can copy the resulting binary PFX file to back up or copy to other machines to install on. Importing the certificate on another machine is as easy as pointing at the PFX file and specifying the password. IIS handles the rest. Assigning a new certificate to your Site Once you have the new certificate installed, all that’s left to do is assign it to your site. In IIS select your Web site and bring up the Site Bindings from the right sidebar. Add a new binding for https, bind it to port 443, specify your hostname and pick the certificate from the pick list. If you’re using a root site make sure to set up your certificate for www.yoursite.com and also for yoursite.com so that both work properly with SSL. Note that you need to explicitly configure each hostname for a certificate if you plan to use SSL. Luckily if you update your SSL certificate in the following year, IIS prompts you and asks whether you like to update all other sites that are using the existing cert to the newer cert. And you’re done. So what’s the Pain? So, all of this is old hat and it doesn’t look all that bad right? So what’s the pain here? Well if you follow the instructions and do everything right, then the process is about as straight forward as you would expect it to be. You create a cert request, you import it and assign it to your sites. That’s the basic steps and to be perfectly fair it works well – if nothing goes wrong. However, renewing tends to be the problem. The first unintuitive issue is that you simply shouldn’t renew but create a new CSR and generate your new certificate from that. Over the years I’ve fallen prey to the belief that Microsoft eventually will fix this so that the renewal creates the same type of CSR as the old cert, but apparently that will just never happen. Booo! The other problem I ran into is that I accidentally misnamed my imported certificate which in turn set off a chain of events that caused my originally issued certificate to become uninstallable. When I received my completed certificate I installed it and it installed just fine, but the friendly name was wrong. As a result IIS refused to assign the certificate to any of my host headered sites. That’s strike number one. Why the heck should the friendly name have any effect on the ability to attach the certificate??? Next I uninstalled the certificate because I figured that would be the easiest way to make sure I get it right. But I found that I could not reinstall my certificate. I kept getting these stop errors: "ASN1 bad tag value met" that would prevent the installation from completion. After searching around for this error and reading countless long messages on forums, I found that this error supposedly does not actually mean the install failed, but the list wouldn’t refresh. Commodo has this to say: Note: There is a known issue in IIS 7 giving the following error: "Cannot find the certificate request associated with this certificate file. A certificate request must be completed on the computer where it was created." You may also receive a message stating "ASN1 bad tag value met". If this is the same server that you generated the CSR on then, in most cases, the certificate is actually installed. Simply cancel the dialog and press "F5" to refresh the list of server certificates. If the new certificate is now in the list, you can continue with the next step. If it is not in the list, you will need to reissue your certificate using a new CSR (see our CSR creation instructions for IIS 7). After creating a new CSR, login to your Comodo account and click the 'replace' button for your certificate. Not sure if this issue is fixed in IIS 8 but that’s an insane bug to have crop up. As it turns out, in my case the refresh didn’t work and the certificate didn’t show up in the IIS list after the reinstall. In fact when looking at the certificate store I could see my certificate was installed in the right place, but the private key is missing which is most likely why IIS is not picking it up. It looks like IIS could not match the final cert to the original CSR generated. But again some sort of message to that affect might be helpful instead of ASN1 bad tag value met. Recovering the Private Key So it turns out my original problem was that I received the published key, but when I imported the private key was missing. There’s a relatively easy way to recover from this. If your certificate doesn’t show up in IIS check in the certificate store for the local machine (see steps above on how to bring this up). If you look at the certificate in Certificates/Personal/Certificates make sure you see the key as shown in the image below: if the key is missing it means that the certificate is missing the private key most likely. To fix a certificate you can do the following: Double click the certificate Go to the Details Tab Copy down the Serial number You can copy the serial number from the area blurred out above. The serial number will be in a format like ?00 a7 9b a1 a4 9d 91 63 57 d6 9f 26 b8 ee 79 b5 cb and you’ll need to strip out the spaces in order to use it in the next step. Next open up an Administrative command prompt and issue the following command: certutil -repairstore my 00a79ba1a49d916357d69f26b8ee79b5cb You should get a confirmation message that the repair worked. If you now go back to the certificate store you should now see the key icon show up on the certificate. Your certificate is fixed. Now go back into IIS Manager and refresh the list of certificates and if all goes well you should see all the certificates that showed in the cert store now: Remember – back up the key first then map to your site… Summary I deal with a lot of customers who run their own IIS servers, and I can’t tell you how often I hear about botched SSL installations. When I posted some of my issues on Twitter yesterday I got a hell storm of “me too” responses. I’m clearly not the only one, who’s run into this especially with renewals. I feel pretty comfortable with IIS configuration and I do a lot of it for support purposes, but the SSL configuration is one that never seems to go seamlessly. This blog post is meant as reminder to myself to read next time I do a renewal. So I can dot my i's and dash my t’s before I get caught in the mess I’m dealing with today. Hopefully some of you find this useful as well.© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2014Posted in IIS7  Security   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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• Oracle Linux 6 DVDs Now Available

  - by sergio.leunissen

  On Sunday 6 February 2011, Oracle Linux 6 was released on the Unbreakable Linux Network for customers with an Oracle Linux support subscription. Shortly after that, the Oracle Linux 6 RPMs were made available on our public yum server. Today we published the installation DVD images on edelivery.oracle.com/linux. Oracle Linux 6 is free to download, install and use. The full release notes are here, but similar to my recent post about Oracle Linux 5.6, I wanted to highlight a few items about this release. Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel As is the case with Oracle Linux 5.6, the default installed kernel on x86_64 platform in Oracle Linux 6 is the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel. If you haven't already, I highly recommend you watch the replay of this webcast by Chris Mason on the performance improvements made in this kernel. # uname -r 2.6.32-100.28.5.el6.x86_64 The Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel is delivered via the package kernel-uek: [root@localhost ~]# yum info kernel-uek ... Installed Packages Name : kernel-uek Arch : x86_64 Version : 2.6.32 Release : 100.28.5.el6 Size : 84 M Repo : installed From repo : anaconda-OracleLinuxServer-201102031546.x86_64 Summary : The Linux kernel URL : http://www.kernel.org/ License : GPLv2 Description: The kernel package contains the Linux kernel (vmlinuz), the core of : any Linux operating system. The kernel handles the basic functions : of the operating system: memory allocation, process allocation, : device input and output, etc. ext4 file system The ext4 or fourth extended filesystem replaces ext3 as the default filesystem in Oracle Linux 6. # mount /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,rootcontext="system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t:s0") /dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) Red Hat compatible kernel Oracle Linux 6 also includes a Red Hat compatible kernel built directly from RHEL source. It's already installed, so booting it is a matter of editing /etc/grub.conf # rpm -qa | grep kernel-2.6.32 kernel-2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 Oracle Linux 6 no longer includes a Red Hat compatible kernel with Oracle bug fixes. The only Red Hat compatible kernel included is the one built directly from RHEL source. Yum-only access to Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN) Oracle Linux 6 uses yum exclusively for access to Unbreakable Linux Network. To register your system with ULN, use the following command: # uln_register No Itanium Support Oracle Linux 6 is not supported on the Itanium (ia64) platform. Next Steps Read the release notes Download Oracle Linux 6 for free Discuss on the Oracle Linux forum

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• How do I get an Enter USB TV Box TV tuner aka Gadmei UTV302 to work?

  - by Subhash

  Has anyone had any success in using the Enter USB TV Box from Enter Multimedia? It comes bundled with software that works in Windows. I have had no luck using it in Ubuntu 10.10. Update 1 Here is the output from lsusb Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 003: ID 093a:2510 Pixart Imaging, Inc. Optical Mouse Bus 004 Device 002: ID 046d:c312 Logitech, Inc. DeLuxe 250 Keyboard Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 006: ID 1f71:3301 Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub I can't find the Enter USB TV Box listed in this. In the dmesg tail command, I found something that seems to be related to the card: usb 1-5: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 6 usb 1-5: config 1 interface 0 altsetting 1 bulk endpoint 0x83 has invalid maxpacket 256 Update 2 From Windows I learned that this USB TV tuner uses some chipset from Gadmei corporation. All computer stores in India sell Enter USB TV Box if you ask for an USB TV tuner. No other brand seems to be interested in this market. Update 3 I learned that this TV tuner is rebranded version of Gadmei UTV302 (USB TV Tuner Box). Update 4 I tried adding em28xx as the chipset (as suggested by user BOBBO below) for the tuner but that did not work. I went back to my Pinnacle PCTV internal card. I don't think the tuner referred by UbuntuForums (Gadmei UTV 330) and the tuner that I have (Gadmei UTV 302) are the same. My USB tuner is several times bigger. My tuner seems to be a newer device with a newer tuner chip. I will submit details of this device to the LinuxTV developers this weekend. Update 5 I opened the tuner box and found that it uses a tuner from a Chinese company - Tenas. Model is TNF 8022-DFA. Update 6 Tuner chip specs (retrived from supplier directory) for Tenas TNF 8022-DFA. Supply voltage: true 5V device(low power dissipation) Control system: I2C bus control of tuning, address selection Tuning system: PLL controlled tuning Receiving system: system PAL D/K,IF(Intermediate Frequency): 38MHz Receiving channels: full frequency range from channel DS1 (49.75MHz) to channel DS57 (863.25MHz); Use Texas Instruments SN761678 IC solution, with mini install size Update 7 Reverse side of the circuit board. Picture of the TV tuner

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• Desktop Fun: Merry Christmas Fonts

  - by Asian Angel

  Christmas will soon be here and there are lots of cards, invitations, gift tags, photos, and more to prepare beforehand. To help you get ready we have gathered together a great collection of fun holiday fonts to help turn those ordinary looking holiday items into extraordinary looking ones. Note: To manage the fonts on your Windows 7, Vista, & XP systems see our article here. Oldchristmas Download Holly Download Christmas Flakes *includes two font types Download Frosty Download Kingthings Christmas Download Candy Time Download BodieMF Holly Download Snowfall Download Snowflake Letters Download Hultog Snowdrift Download AlphaShapes Xmas Trees Download Christmas Tree Download PF Wreath Download Snowy Caps Download PF Snowman *includes three font types Note: Shown in all capital letters here. Download BJF Holly Bells Download Christbaumkugeln Download Xmas Lights Download XmasDings *includes 62 individual characters Note: This group represents A – Z in all capital letters. Note: This group represents A – Z in all lower case letters. Note: This group represents the numbers 0 – 9. Download WWFlakes *includes 62 individual characters Note: This group represents A – Z in all capital letters. Note: This group represents A – Z in all lower case letters. Note: This group represents the numbers 0 – 9. Download For Christmas Card creating fun and a great way to use your new fonts see our MS Word Christmas Card project series here. Design and Print Your Own Christmas Cards in MS Word, Part 1 Design and Print Your Own Christmas Cards in MS Word, Part 2: How to Print Want more great ways to customize your computer? Then be certain to look through our Desktop Fun section. Latest Features How-To Geek ETC The How-To Geek Holiday Gift Guide (Geeky Stuff We Like) LCD? LED? Plasma? The How-To Geek Guide to HDTV Technology The How-To Geek Guide to Learning Photoshop, Part 8: Filters Improve Digital Photography by Calibrating Your Monitor Our Favorite Tech: What We’re Thankful For at How-To Geek The How-To Geek Guide to Learning Photoshop, Part 7: Design and Typography Happy Snow Bears Theme for Chrome and Iron [Holiday] Download Full Command and Conquer: Tiberian Sun Game for Free Scorched Cometary Planet Wallpaper Quick Fix: Add the RSS Button Back to the Firefox Awesome Bar Dropbox Desktop Client 1.0.0 RC for Windows, Linux, and Mac Released Hang in There Scrat! – Ice Age Wallpaper

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• phablet-flash aborting while installing Ubuntu Touch on Nexus 4

  - by Till B

  I have a Nexus 4 with Android 4.3 installed and I want to flash it to Ubuntu Touch. My system is Ubuntu 12.04, running inside a virtual machine on Mac OS 10.5.8. To use the VM, I opened an NAT bridge and forwarded port 5037 for adb, I can see the Nexus with adb and e.g. use the adb shell into it. USB ports are also forwarded to the VM. I follow these instructions to the letter. My bootloader is unlocked, just as it was described in the instructions. Now I encounter different issues, when executing sudo phablet-flash ubuntu-system --no-backup. On the first run, it got stuck in this state: INFO:phablet-flash:Decompressing partitions/recovery.img from /home/till/Downloads/phablet-flash/imageupdates/pool/device-5ba3031cb0d6fc624848266edba781e3e821b6e1e8dd21105725f0ab26077d0a.tar.xz INFO:phablet-flash:Restarting device... wait INFO:phablet-flash:Restarting device... wait complete INFO:phablet-flash:Booting /tmp/tmpMSN8bm/partitions/recovery.img < waiting for device > downloading 'boot.img'... OKAY [ 1.772s] booting... OKAY [ 0.005s] finished. total time: 1.779s INFO:phablet-flash:Waiting for recovery image to boot The following happened: around the line "INFO:phablet-flash: Restarting...", it rebooted into the bootloader. The bootloader shows only for two seconds, then the screen goes off and the phone stays off. But I do notice, that the screen is not off - it is just black, but the background light is on. If I wait long enough, phablet-flash aborts with ERROR:phablet-flash:Wait for recovery expired On the second try, I wanted to manually start the bootloader and choose "Recovery mode". Pressing "volume down+power" at first did nothing. Releasing the buttons and then pressing them again brought me into the bootloder. After choosing "Recovery mode", phablet-flash continued and after a while aborted with the following output: INFO:phablet-flash:Wait for recovery image to boot complete INFO:phablet-flash:Clearing /data and /cache INFO:phablet-flash:Pushing /home/till/Downloads/phablet-flash/imageupdates/pool/ubuntu-2b5345658b58e55207c4a4e7b6b3d8cd4f3d9a3187d2448fc9020c884234bac0.tar.xz to /cache/recovery/ failed to copy '/home/till/Downloads/phablet-flash/imageupdates/pool/ubuntu-2b5345658b58e55207c4a4e7b6b3d8cd4f3d9a3187d2448fc9020c884234bac0.tar.xz' to '/cache/recovery/': Permission denied ERROR:phablet-flash:Command 'adb push /home/till/Downloads/phablet-flash/imageupdates/pool/ubuntu-2b5345658b58e55207c4a4e7b6b3d8cd4f3d9a3187d2448fc9020c884234bac0.tar.xz /cache/recovery/' returned non-zero exit status 1 Removing directory /tmp/tmpDnbz6N Removing directory /tmp/tmpth4L6w What can I do to properly flash my phone with Ubuntu Touch? I noticed that adb does not show the phone in recovery mode: Typing adb devices, when the Nexus 4 is in recovery mode, shows the serial number and the state device, where it should show recovery. Should the phone be rooted? This is not mentioned in the instructions.

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• Why do apache2 upgrades remove and not re-install libapache2-mod-php5?

  - by nutznboltz

  We repeatedly see that when an apache2 update arrives and is installed it causes the libapache2-mod-php5 package to be removed and does not subsequently re-install it automatically. We must subsequently re-install the libapache2-mod-php5 manually in order to restore functionality to our web server. Please see the following github gist, it is a contiguous section of our server's dpkg.log showing the November 14, 2011 update to apache2: https://gist.github.com/1368361 it includes 2011-11-14 11:22:18 remove libapache2-mod-php5 5.3.2-1ubuntu4.10 5.3.2-1ubuntu4.10 Is this a known issue? Do other people see this too? I could not find any launchpad bug reports about it. Platform details: $ lsb_release -ds Ubuntu 10.04.3 LTS $ uname -srvm Linux 2.6.38-12-virtual #51~lucid1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Sep 29 20:27:50 UTC 2011 x86_64 $ dpkg -l | awk '/ii.*apache/ {print $2 " " $3 }' apache2 2.2.14-5ubuntu8.7 apache2-mpm-prefork 2.2.14-5ubuntu8.7 apache2-utils 2.2.14-5ubuntu8.7 apache2.2-bin 2.2.14-5ubuntu8.7 apache2.2-common 2.2.14-5ubuntu8.7 libapache2-mod-authnz-external 3.2.4-2+squeeze1build0.10.04.1 libapache2-mod-php5 5.3.2-1ubuntu4.10 Thanks At a high-level the update process looks like: package package_name do action :upgrade case node[:platform] when 'centos', 'redhat', 'scientific' options '--disableplugin=fastestmirror' when 'ubuntu' options '-o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confold"' end end But at a lower level def install_package(name, version) run_command_with_systems_locale( :command = "apt-get -q -y#{expand_options(@new_resource.options)} install #{name}=#{version}", :environment = { "DEBIAN_FRONTEND" = "noninteractive" } ) end def upgrade_package(name, version) install_package(name, version) end So Chef is using "install" to do "update". This sort of moves the question around to "how does apt-get safe-upgrade" remember to re-install libapache-mod-php5? The exact sequence of packages that triggered this was: apache2 apache2-mpm-prefork apache2-mpm-worker apache2-utils apache2.2-bin apache2.2-common But the code is attempting to run checks to make sure the packages in that list are installed already before attempting to "upgrade" them. case node[:platform] when 'debian', 'centos', 'fedora', 'redhat', 'scientific', 'ubuntu' # first primitive way is to define the updates in the recipe # data bags will be used later %w/ apache2 apache2-mpm-prefork apache2-mpm-worker apache2-utils apache2.2-bin apache2.2-common /.each{ |package_name| Chef::Log.debug("is #{package_name} among local packages available for changes?") next unless node[:packages][:changes].keys.include?(package_name) Chef::Log.debug("is #{package_name} available for upgrade?") next unless node[:packages][:changes][package_name][:action] == 'upgrade' package package_name do action :upgrade case node[:platform] when 'centos', 'redhat', 'scientific' options '--disableplugin=fastestmirror' when 'ubuntu' options '-o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confold"' end end tag('upgraded') } # after upgrading everything, run yum cache updater if tagged?('upgraded') # Remove old orphaned dependencies and kernel images and kernel headers etc. # Remove cached deb files. case node[:platform] when 'ubuntu' execute 'apt-get -y autoremove' execute 'apt-get clean' # Re-check what updates are available soon. when 'centos', 'fedora', 'redhat', 'scientific' node[:packages][:last_time_we_looked_at_yum] = 0 end untag('upgraded') end end But it's clear that it fails since the dpkg.log has 2011-11-14 11:22:25 install apache2-mpm-worker 2.2.14-5ubuntu8.7 on a system which does not currently have apache2-mpm-worker. I will have to discuss this with the author, thanks again.

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• How to Specify AssemblyKeyFile Attribute in .NET Assembly and Issues

  How to specify strong key file in assembly? Answer: You can specify snk file information using following line [assembly: AssemblyKeyFile(@"c:\Key2.snk")] Where to specify an strong key file (snk file)? Answer: You have two options to specify the AssemblyKeyFile infromation. 1. In class 2. In AssemblyInfo.cs [assembly: AssemblyKeyFile(@"c:\Key2.snk")] 1. In Class you must specify above line before defining namespace of the class and after all the imports or usings Example: See Line 7 in bellow sample class using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Text;using System.Reflection;[assembly: AssemblyKeyFile(@"c:\Key1.snk")]namespace Csharp3Part1{ class Person { public string GetName() { return "Smith"; } }}2. In AssemblyInfo.cs You can aslo specify assembly information in AssemblyInfo.cs Example: See Line 16 in bellow sample AssemblyInfo.csusing System.Reflection;using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;using System.Runtime.InteropServices;// General Information about an assembly is controlled through the following// set of attributes. Change these attribute values to modify the information// associated with an assembly.[assembly: AssemblyTitle("Csharp3Part1")][assembly: AssemblyDescription("")][assembly: AssemblyConfiguration("")][assembly: AssemblyCompany("Deloitte")][assembly: AssemblyProduct("Csharp3Part1")][assembly: AssemblyCopyright("Copyright © Deloitte 2009")][assembly: AssemblyTrademark("")][assembly: AssemblyCulture("")][assembly: AssemblyKeyFile(@"c:\Key1.snk")]// Setting ComVisible to false makes the types in this assembly not visible// to COM components. If you need to access a type in this assembly from// COM, set the ComVisible attribute to true on that type.[assembly: ComVisible(false)]// The following GUID is for the ID of the typelib if this project is exposed to COM[assembly: Guid("4350396f-1a5c-4598-a79f-2e1f219654f3")]// Version information for an assembly consists of the following four values://// Major Version// Minor Version// Build Number// Revision//// You can specify all the values or you can default the Build and Revision Numbers// by using the '*' as shown below:// [assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.*")][assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.0.0")][assembly: AssemblyFileVersion("1.0.0.0")]Issues:You should not sepcify this in following ways. 1. In multiple classes. 2. In both class and AssemblyInfo.cs If you did wrong in either one of the above ways, Visual Studio or C#/VB.NET compilers shows following Error Duplicate 'AssemblyKeyFile' attribute and warning Use command line option '/keyfile' or appropriate project settings instead of 'AssemblyKeyFile' To avoid this, Please specity your keyfile information only one time either only in one class or in AssemblyInfo.cs file. It is suggested to specify this at AssemblyInfo.cs file You might also encounter the errors like Error: type or namespace name 'AssemblyKeyFileAttribute' and 'AssemblyKeyFile' could not be found. Solution. Please find herespan.fullpost {display:none;} span.fullpost {display:none;}

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• [MINI HOW-TO] Change the Default Color Scheme in Office 2010

  - by Mysticgeek

  Like in Office 2007 the default color scheme for 2010 is blue. If you are not a fan of it, here we show you how to change it to silver or black. In this example we are using Microsoft Word, but it works the same way in Excel, Outlook, and PowerPoint as well. Once you change the color scheme in one Office application, it will change it for all of the other apps in the suite. Change Color Scheme To change the color scheme click on the File tab to access Backstage View and click on Options. In Word Options the General section should open by default…use the dropdown menu next to Color Scheme to change it to Silver, Blue, or Black then click OK. Here is what Black looks like…who knows why Microsoft decided to leave the blue around the edges. This is the default Blue color scheme… And finally we take a look at the Silver color scheme in Excel… That is all there is to it! It would be nice if they would incorporate other color schemes to Office 2010, as some of you may not be happy with only three choices. If you’re using Office 2007 check out our article on how to change the color scheme in it. Also, The Geek has a cool article on how to set the Color Scheme of Office 2007 with a quick registry hack. Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Set the Office 2007 Color Scheme With a Quick Registry HackChange The Default Color Scheme In Office 2007Maximize Space by "Auto-Hiding" the Ribbon in Office 2007How To Personalize the Windows Command PromptOrganize & Group Your Tabs in Firefox the Easy Way TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips Xobni Plus for Outlook All My Movies 5.9 CloudBerry Online Backup 1.5 for Windows Home Server Snagit 10 2010 World Cup Schedule Boot Snooze – Reboot and then Standby or Hibernate Customize Everything Related to Dates, Times, Currency and Measurement in Windows 7 Google Earth replacement Icon (Icons we like) Build Great Charts in Excel with Chart Advisor tinysong gives a shortened URL for you to post on Twitter (or anywhere)

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• Oracle Linux Training Calendar

  - by Antoinette O'Sullivan

  The Oracle Linux System Administrator Curriculum is designed to provide you with the knowledge and skills necessary to effectively administer an Oracle Linux environment. These classes will help you prepare to install, configure, and manage your enterprise Linux environment as well as prepare you for the Oracle Linux Certification. You can take these courses as a: Live-Virtual event: Following the instructor-led classes from your own desk - no travel required. There is an extensive list of events on the schedule to suit different timezones. See full list on http://oracle.com/education/linux. In-Class event: Travel to an education center to take these classes. Below is a sample of in-class events on the schedule: Unix and Linux Essentials: This 3-day class is for those new to the linux operating system. You learn to manage files & directories from the command line, perform remote connections, file transfers & more.  Location  Date  Delivery Language  Nairobi, Kenya  3 December 2012  English  Riyadh, Saudia Arabia  5 January 2013  English  Cape Town, South Africa  9 January 2013  English  Durban, South Africa  9 January 2013  English  Johannesburg, South Africa  9 January 2013  English  Woodmead, South Africa  15 July 2013  English  Denver, United States  23 January 2013  English  Columbia, United States  2 January 2013  English  East Lansing, United States  9 January 2013  English  Roseville, United States  1 April 2013  English  Morrisville, United States  11 February 2013  English  Jakarta, Indonesia  26 December 2012  English  Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia  29 January 2013  English  Auckland, New Zealand  12 December 2012  English  Makati City, Philippines  14 January 2013  English  Singapore  13 February 2013  English  North Sydney, Australia  4 February 2013  English  Brisbane, Australia  29 April 2013  English  Melbourne, Australia  29 January 2013  English Oracle Linux System Administration: This 5 day course covers a broad range of Oracle Linux system administration tasks, from installing the operating system to preparing the system for Oracle Database. The course also provides an extensive hands-on experience for key system administration tasks. You will gain comprehensive skills in installing, configuring, and managing an Oracle Linux system as well as insight into ULN, Ksplice and UEK.  Location  Date  Delivery Language  Brussels, Belgium  26 November 2012  English  Windhof, Luxembourg  17 December 2012  English  Utrecht, Netherlands  11 February 2013  Dutch  Warsaw, Poland  25 February 2013  Polish  Gabarone, Botswana  22 April 2013  English  Nairobi, Kenya  10 December 2012  English  Johannesburg, South Africa  11 March 2013  English  Belmont, CA, United States  11 February 2013  English  Irvine, CA, United States  25 March 2013  English  Roseville, MN, United States  26 November 2013  English  Irving, TX, United States  14 January 2013  English  Jakarta, Indonesia  3 December 2012  English  Singapore  26 November 2012  English  Canberra, Australia  21 January 2013  English  Sydney, Australia  21 January 2013  English  Melbourne, Australia  11 February 2013  English To test your Oracle Linux System Administration skills, take the Oracle Linux 6 Implementation Essentials Certification Exam. For more information on the Oracle Linux Curriculum or to express interest in additional events, go to http://oracle.com/education/linux.

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