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  • Is private method in spring service implement class thread safe

    - by Roger Ray
    I got a service in an project using Spring framework. public class MyServiceImpl implements IMyService { public MyObject foo(SomeObject obj) { MyObject myobj = this.mapToMyObject(obj); myobj.setLastUpdatedDate(new Date()); return myobj; } private MyObject mapToMyObject(SomeObject obj){ MyObject myojb = new MyObject(); ConvertUtils.register(new MyNullConvertor(), String.class); ConvertUtils.register(new StringConvertorForDateType(), Date.class); BeanUtils.copyProperties(myojb , obj); ConvertUtils.deregister(Date.class); return myojb; } } Then I got a class to call foo() in multi-thread; There goes the problem. In some of the threads, I got error when calling BeanUtils.copyProperties(myojb , obj); saying Cannot invoke com.my.MyObject.setStartDate - java.lang.ClassCastException@2da93171 obviously, this is caused by ConvertUtils.deregister(Date.class) which is supposed to be called after BeanUtils.copyProperties(myojb , obj);. It looks like one of the threads deregistered the Date class out while another thread was just about to call BeanUtils.copyProperties(myojb , obj);. So My question is how do I make the private method mapToMyObject() thread safe? Or simply make the BeanUtils thread safe when it's used in a private method. And will the problem still be there if I keep the code this way but instead I call this foo() method in sevlet? If many sevlets call at the same time, would this be a multi-thread case as well?

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  • NHibernate class referencing discriminator based subclass

    - by Rich
    I have a generic class Lookup which contains code/value properties. The table PK is category/code. There are subclasses for each category of lookup, and I've set the discriminator column in the base class and its value in the subclass. See example below (only key pieces shown): public class Lookup { public string Category; public string Code; public string Description; } public class LookupClassMap { CompositeId() .KeyProperty(x = x.Category, "CATEGORY_ID") .KeyProperty(x = x.Code, "CODE_ID"); DiscriminateSubclassesBasedOnColumn("CATEGORY_ID"); } public class MaritalStatus: Lookup {} public class MartialStatusClassMap: SubclassMap { DiscriminatorValue(13); } This all works. Here's the problem. When a class has a property of type MaritalStatus, I create a reference based on the contained code ID column ("MARITAL_STATUS_CODE_ID"). NHibernate doesn't like it because I didn't map both primary key columns (Category ID & Code ID). But with the Reference being of type MaritalStatus, NHibernate should already know what the value of the category ID is going to be, because of the discriminator value. What am I missing?

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  • C++ Virtual Methods for Class-Specific Attributes or External Structure

    - by acanaday
    I have a set of classes which are all derived from a common base class. I want to use these classes polymorphically. The interface defines a set of getter methods whose return values are constant across a given derived class, but vary from one derived class to another. e.g.: enum AVal { A_VAL_ONE, A_VAL_TWO, A_VAL_THREE }; enum BVal { B_VAL_ONE, B_VAL_TWO, B_VAL_THREE }; class Base { //... virtual AVal getAVal() const = 0; virtual BVal getBVal() const = 0; //... }; class One : public Base { //... AVal getAVal() const { return A_VAL_ONE }; BVal getBVal() const { return B_VAL_ONE }; //... }; class Two : public Base { //... AVal getAVal() const { return A_VAL_TWO }; BVal getBVal() const { return B_VAL_TWO }; //... }; etc. Is this a common way of doing things? If performance is an important consideration, would I be better off pulling the attributes out into an external structure, e.g.: struct Vals { AVal a_val; VBal b_val; }; storing a Vals* in each instance, and rewriting Base as follows? class Base { //... public: AVal getAVal() const { return _vals->a_val; }; BVal getBVal() const { return _vals->b_val; }; //... private: Vals* _vals; }; Is the extra dereference essentially the same as the vtable lookup? What is the established idiom for this type of situation? Are both of these solutions dumb? Any insights are greatly appreciated

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  • how to do validations when composing object of a class in other class ?

    - by haansi
    Hi, I have an IPAddress class which has one property named ip and in its setter I am validating data coming and if data is invalid it throws an error. (Its code is as the following): private string ip; public string IP { get { return ip; } set { string PartsOfIP = value.Split('.'); if (PartsOfIP.Length == 4) { foreach (string part in PartsOfIP) { int a = 0; bool result = int.TryParse(part, out a); if (result != true) { throw new Exception("Invalid IP"); } else { ip = value; } } } else { throw new Exception("Invalid IP"); } } In User Class I want to compose an object of IPAddress class. I am doing validations for properties of User in User class and validations of Ip in IPAddress class. My question is how I will compose IPAddress object in UserClass and what will be syntax for this ? If I again mention get and set here with IPAddress object in User class will my earlier mentioned (in IPAddress class) getter and setter work ? plz advice me in details thanks

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  • Cannot redeclare class on a copy of a site

    - by Polity
    I've developed a small SMS utility for a customer in PHP. The details are of non-importance. This project is hosted in: http://project.example.com/customer1 Now a second customer requests almost the same functionality, one cheap way of providing this is to copy the project from the first customer and modify it slightly. So i made a direct copy of the project for customer1 to another folder for customer 2. This project is hosted in: http://project.example.com/customer2 Now when i try and run the project for customer2 (calling a single page), i get the error message: Fatal error: Cannot redeclare class SmsService in /var/www/html/project/customer1/application/service.class.php on line 3 Here, service.class.php is a simple interface with 3 methods: interface SmsService { public function SendSms($mobile, $customerId, $customerName, $message); public function QueryIncomingResponse(); public function CleanExpiredConfirmations($maxConfirmationDays); } printing the backtrace in service.class.php reveals something interresting: #0 require_once() called at [/var/www/html/project/customer2/endpoint/queryIncomingResponse.php:2] Fatal error: Cannot redeclare class SmsService in /var/www/html/project/customer1/application/service.class.php on line 3 Line 2 in queryIncomingResponses is the very first require line there is. Line 3 in service.class.php is the first statement there is in the file (Line 2 is an empty line and line 1 is the php file opening tag). Naturally, I only work with relative requires (double checked this) so there is no way one include/require from customer2 actually refers to a file for customer1. It seems to me that in some way SmsService and other classes gets cached by PHP. (I have little control over the server environment). One solution to this would be namespaces. Unfortunatly, we work with PHP 5.1.7 where namespaces are not a part of the language feature just yet. Another way would be to mimic namespaces by prefixing all classes but this approach just feels dirty. Does anyone have more information on this problem and possibly solutions? Many thanks in advance!

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  • Managed WMI Event class is not an event class???

    - by galets
    I am using directions from here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms257351(VS.80).aspx to create a managed event class. Here's the code that I wrote: [ManagementEntity] [InstrumentationClass(InstrumentationType.Event)] public class MyEvent { [ManagementKey] public string ID { get; set; } [ManagementEnumerator] static public IEnumerable<MyEvent> EnumerateInstances() { var e = new MyEvent() { ID = "9A3C1B7E-8F3E-4C54-8030-B0169DE922C6" }; return new MyEvent[] { e }; } } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var thisAssembly = typeof(Program).Assembly; var wmi_installer = new AssemblyInstaller(thisAssembly, null); wmi_installer.Install(null); wmi_installer.Commit(null); InstrumentationManager.RegisterAssembly(thisAssembly); Console.Write("Press Enter..."); Console.ReadLine(); var e = new MyEvent() { ID = "A6144A9E-0667-415B-9903-220652AB7334" }; Instrumentation.Fire(e); Console.Write("Press Enter..."); Console.ReadLine(); wmi_installer.Uninstall(null); } } I can run a program, and it properly installs. Using wbemtest.exe I can browse to the event, and "show mof": [dynamic: ToInstance, provider("WmiTest, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")] class MyEvent { [read, key] string ID; }; Notice, the class does not inherit from __ExtrinsicEvent, which is weird... I can also run select * from MyEvent, and get the result. Instrumentation.Fire() also returns no error. However, when I'm trying to subscribe to event using "Notification Query" option, I'm getting 0x80041059 Number: 0x80041059 Facility: WMI Description: Class is not an event class. What am I doing wrong, and is there a correct way to create managed WMI event?

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  • Java program using a class from a JAR file

    - by Myn
    Hi guys, I'll try to phrase this as best I can. I have a program which has an API-like functionality - it uses reflection to dynamically call methods from within a class. In this instance: Server.java public static void main(String[] args) { Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("DiHandler"); StHandler out = (StHandler) clazz; out.read(); DiHandler.java // implements StHandler import edu.ds.*; public void read() { Ds aType = new Ds(); aType = "134"; } So DiHandler has a method read() which can contain anything, it doesn't matter to Server.java after compile time. My problem is: DiHandler.java uses the class Ds from a JAR file. When I'm working on DiHandler.java in Eclipse (in a separate project from the project Server.java is in) I can add this JAR without a problem. But when I move DiHandler.class, after it's compiled, to be used by Server.class, how can it still use the JAR file? I hope this makes some sense, I suppose another way to phrase it would be how can I allow DiHandler to call on a class from the JAR without editing the classpath? Thanks very much in advance and sorry for any confusion or poor phrasing, I can only offer thanks and the customary offer of a pint for any assistance. M

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  • C# Casting system.__comobject to class type

    - by ijrufus
    I have an Excel Add-In that I'm currently trying to set up a unit test framework for. For the unit tests I've followed this guide: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/varsha/archive/2010/08/17/writing-automated-test-cases-for-vsto-application.aspx It seems to work fine, until I want to return a class object from my interface. Specifying the class object as the return type throws a "return argument has an invalid type" exception when calling the method. Changing the return type from the class to an object allows me to call the method and get the object, but now I'm unable to cast it as the class and use it as intended, getting this exception message when I try: > Unable to cast COM object of type 'System.__ComObject' to class type > 'anaplan.Utility.XYCoordinates'. Instances of types that represent COM > components cannot be cast to types that do not represent COM > components; however they can be cast to interfaces as long as the > underlying COM component supports QueryInterface calls for the IID of > the interface. I've retrieved the Type name using VisualBasic.Information.TypeName and it's showing it as the class I expect. Is there any way to get the comobject cast back to the class? Or another way to access the properties it has? Or am I just being a bit stupid here?

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  • Array Indexing Properties of A Class

    - by Chris
    I have a class that has several properties: class Person { string Name; int Age; DateTime BirthDate; } Then I have a sort of wrapper class with a List<Person>. Within this wrapper class I want to be able to do something like Wrapper["Name"] that returns a new List<string> using .Select(x=>x.Name). How do I create a wrapper class around an IEnumerable that supports mapping a string to the Property name? Something like the pseudo code below, but obviously it doesn't work. I'm 99.9% sure the solution will have to use Reflection and thats fine. class Wrapper { List<Person> PersonList; List<dynamic> this[string Column] { return PersonList.Select(x => x.[Column]).ToList(); } } This may not seem like a good design, but its a fix to eventually enable the correct design from .NET 2.0 days. As I have it right now, the data is stored in Columns, so there is actually a List of Lists within my class right now. Using the above example there would be three ILists (with a string Title) Name, Age, and Birthdate. Everything is currently predicated on addressing the columns by their "string" name. I'm trying to convert the data structure to row based with an IEnumberable interface to allow Linq eventually while still maintaining the functionality of my current code. Is converting the code to a Row based IEnumberable a good idea?

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  • Find class in table row

    - by meep
    Hello. Take a look at this table: <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="order_form"> <tr> <th>Amount</th> <th>Desc</th> <th>Price</th> <th>Total</th> </tr> <tr> <td><input type="text" class="order_count" /></td> <td> <span class="order_desc">Middagstallerken</span> </td> <td> <span class="order_price">1,15</span> </td> <td> <span class="order_each_total"></span> </td> </tr> [...] </table> Upon entering amount I need to select the class "order_price" and multiply it with the value of the input "order_count" and place it in "order_each_count". I have millions of these rows so I need to find the next class in the row. I have tried using some function like this but without result: <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function(){ $('.order_count').keyup(function() { var each_price = $(this).prevUntil("tr").find("span.order_price").text(); }); }); </script> I hope someone have a good solution :-)

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  • Best way to create a collection of a class

    - by smartins
    I'm trying to create some classes that allow me to retrieve and manipulate a set of backups my application will create and manage. I've come up with the following code (not tested yet), but I'm not sure if it's the best way of accomplishing this or if there's any easier/better way. I'm using Delphi 2010. I have a class that holds the backup details (TBackupItem), then I need to have a class that will hold a collection of TBackupItem and finally I'll have a class that manages the reading and writing of backups and also exposes a property that accesses the collection of TBackupItem. type TBackupItem = class private FBackupProgram: string; FBackupProgramVersion: string; // There are more variables and properties but for the sake of simplicity I've listed only two public property BackupProgram: string read FBackupProgram write FBackupProgram; property BackupProgramVersion: string read FBackupProgramVersion write FBackupProgramVersion; end; TBackupsList = class(???) private // This class will hold a list of TBackupItem. What should I use to accomplish this? end; TBackupsManager = class(TObject) private FBackups: TBackupsList; public property Backups: TBackupsList read FBackups write FBackups; end; Do you guys have any comments and/or examples on the best way of accomplishing this? Thanks!

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  • Extending the CI_DB_active_record class in codeigniter 2.0

    - by ctrane
    I am writing my first program with Codeigniter, and have run into a problem. I will start with a focused description of the problem and can broaden it if I need to: I need to write a multi-dimensional array to the DB and want to use the insert_batch function from the CI_DB_active_record class to do so. The problem is that I need to write empty values as NULL for some fields while other fields need to be empty strings. The current function wraps all values with single quotes, and I cannot find a way to write null values to the database for specified fields. I would also like to increase the number of records per batch. I see how to extend models, libraries, etc., but is there a way to extend the CI_DB_active_record class without modifying core classes? The minimal amount of core class modification to make this work that I have found is modifying the following lines in the DB.php file (changing the require_once file to the new file that extends the CI_DB_active_record class and changing the CI_DB_active_record class name to the new class name): require_once(BASEPATH.'database/DB_active_rec'.EXT); if ( ! class_exists('CI_DB')) { eval('class CI_DB extends CI_DB_active_record { }'); } Can I do better?

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  • implementing UIActivityIndicatorView while NSData dataWithContentsOfURL is downloading

    - by padatronic
    Hi people, I am downloading an mp3 using NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url. This takes a while and while the file is downloading the application hangs. I want to handle well and ideal would like to show the download progress but can't find methods for this. It is in a UIViewController and I have made a first attempt by putting in a UIActivityIndicatorView and start it spinning before I start the download, then stop it spinning after but nothing appears. So my question really is please could someone tell me what the best way to handle this is? Thanks so much

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  • Setting LD_LIBRARY_PATH in Apache PassEnv/SetEnv still cant find library

    - by DoMoreASAP
    I am trying to test the Cybersource 3d party implementation. I was able to get the test files running fine from the command line, which requires that on Linux I export the path to the payment libraries to LD_LIBRARY_PATH. to try to test this on my server I have created the apache config below <VirtualHost 127.0.0.1:12345> AddHandler cgi-script .cgi AddHandler fcgid-script .php .fcgi FCGIWrapper /my/path/to/php_fcgi/bin/php-cgi .php AddType text/html .shtml AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml DocumentRoot /my/path/to/cybersource/simapi-php-5.0.1/ ProxyPreserveHost on <Directory /my/path/to/cybersource/simapi-php-5.0.1> SetEnv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /my/path/to/cybersource/LinkedLibraries/lib/ AllowOverride all Options +Indexes IndexOptions Charset=UTF-8 </Directory> </VirtualHost> I have set the env variable there with SetEnv command, which seems to be working when i run a page that prints <?php phpinfo(); ?> however the test script when called through the browser still wont work, apache says: tail /my/apache/error_log [Tue Mar 30 23:11:46 2010] [notice] mod_fcgid: call /my/path/to/cybersource/index.php with wrapper /my/path/to/cybersource/php_fcgi/bin/php-cgi PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library '/my/path/to/cybersource/extensionsdir/php5_cybersource.so' - libspapache.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory in Unknown on line 0 so it cant find the linked file libspapache.so even though it is in the LD_LIBRARY_PATH that is supposedly defined i really appreciate the help. thanks so much.

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  • Swipe gestures on Android ListView items

    - by Bartek
    I have a ListView populated by a ResourceCursorAdapter. I use the loaders mechanism to query a ContentProvider for list items. I detect swipe gestures on the list items to perform some actions on them. New items get added by a background service, so the list can change dynamically. Everything works fine, except when I start swiping and a database change occurs (as a result of the background service adding a new row). In such case the gesture is not detected properly. I noticed that ACTION_CANCEL is dispatched to the list item view and also that bindView is executed for all visible items. Inside the bindView method I only set some text - I don't change any listeners there. How can I make gestures work even when new items are being added by the background service? Perhaps there's a way to prevent the motion from being cancelled or I can pause database updates so they don't interrupt the gesture.

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  • Controlling the Mc's of a loaded SWF

    - by Ross
    I have a controller.swf which loads an external swf into a movieclip. news_mc = loadEvent.currentTarget.content as MovieClip; the swf is called "news.swf" and has a movieclip on the maintimeline, frame 1 called "sb". I have tried everything to access this such as mews_mc.sb.alpha = 0; but nothing works?

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  • Why does Font.registerFont throw an error the second time a swf is loaded?

    - by Al Brown
    I've found an issue (in flash cs5) when using TLFTextfields and fonts shared at runtime, and I wondered if anyone has a solution. Here's the scenario. Fonts.swf: library for fonts (runtime shared DF4) Popup.swf: popup with a TLFTextfield (with text in it) using a font from Fonts.swf Main.swf : the main swf with a button that loads and unloads Popup.swf (using Loader or SafeLoader give the same results) Nice and simple, Run main.swf, click button and the popup appears with the text. Click the button again to remove the popup. All well and good now click the button again and I get the following error. ArgumentError: Error #1508: The value specified for argument font is invalid. at flash.text::Font$/registerFont() at Popup_fla::MainTimeline()[Popup_fla.MainTimeline::MainTimeline:12] I'm presuming it's happening because the font is already registered (checked when clicking before the load). Does anyone know how to get past this? If you are wondering here's my Main.as package { import fl.controls.Button; import flash.display.Loader; import flash.display.Sprite; import flash.events.Event; import flash.events.IOErrorEvent; import flash.events.MouseEvent; import flash.events.UncaughtErrorEvent; import flash.net.URLRequest; import flash.text.Font; public class Main extends Sprite { public var testPopupBtn:Button; protected var loader:Loader; public function Main() { trace("Main.Main()"); testPopupBtn.label = "open"; testPopupBtn.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, testClickHandler); } protected function testClickHandler(event:MouseEvent):void { trace("Main.testClickHandler(event)"); if(loader) { testPopupBtn.label = "open"; this.removeChild(loader); //loader.unloadAndStop(); loader = null; }else{ testPopupBtn.label = "close"; trace("Registered Fonts -->"); var fonts:Array = Font.enumerateFonts(false); for each (var font:Font in fonts) { trace("\t",font.fontName, font.fontStyle, font.fontType); } trace("<--"); loader = new Loader(); loader.uncaughtErrorEvents.addEventListener(UncaughtErrorEvent.UNCAUGHT_ERROR, uncaughtErrorHandler); this.addChild(loader); try{ loader.load(new URLRequest("Popup.swf")); }catch(e:*){ trace(e); } } } private function uncaughtErrorHandler(event:UncaughtErrorEvent):void { trace("Main.uncaughtErrorHandler(event)", event); } } }

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  • Load properties file in JAR?

    - by apryor48
    I'm having trouble when one of the jars that my web app depends on tries to load a properties file from within the jar. Here is the code in the jar. static { Properties props = new Properties(); try { props.load(ClassLoader.getSystemResourceAsStream("someProps.properties")); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } someProperty = props.getProperty("someKey"); } The properties file is in my "src/main/resources" directory of the Maven project. When I run this code from my junit test in Eclipse, it executes just fine. When the project is built with Maven into a jar, and included as a dependency in my webb app, it fails to locate the properties file. I know that the properties file is at the base directory of the depended on jar, I don't know how to fix this. Please help!

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  • Simple VM That allows booting from folder or disk

    - by None
    I was wondering if there was a very simple and free virtual machine that would allow you to boot from a folder or disk image that couldn't damage my hard disk. I am using a MacBook and am looking into operating system programming. I found a tutorial on the internet that looked promising (http://www.viralpatel.net/taj/tutorial/hello_world_bootloader.php). I want to try this but using a VM instead of actually booting from a disk. If I made a folder or disk image containing the boot.bin file and wanted to try the OS I made (while booting from a folder or disk image, not a disk), is there a VM that would let me do it? I have no previous experience with virtual machines. I also want to be sure my hard disk would not be damaged.

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  • Any tool(s) for knowing the layout (segments) of running process in Windows?

    - by claws
    I've always been curious about How exactly the process looks in memory? What are the different segments(parts) in it? How exactly will be the program (on the disk) & process (in the memory) are related? My previous question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1966920/more-info-on-memory-layout-of-an-executable-program-process In my quest, I finally found a answer. I found this excellent article that cleared most of my queries: http://www.linuxforums.org/articles/understanding-elf-using-readelf-and-objdump_125.html In the above article, author shows how to get different segments of the process (LINUX) & he compares it with its corresponding ELF file. I'm quoting this section here: Courious to see the real layout of process segment? We can use /proc//maps file to reveal it. is the PID of the process we want to observe. Before we move on, we have a small problem here. Our test program runs so fast that it ends before we can even dump the related /proc entry. I use gdb to solve this. You can use another trick such as inserting sleep() before it calls return(). In a console (or a terminal emulator such as xterm) do: $ gdb test (gdb) b main Breakpoint 1 at 0x8048376 (gdb) r Breakpoint 1, 0x08048376 in main () Hold right here, open another console and find out the PID of program "test". If you want the quick way, type: $ cat /proc/`pgrep test`/maps You will see an output like below (you might get different output): [1] 0039d000-003b2000 r-xp 00000000 16:41 1080084 /lib/ld-2.3.3.so [2] 003b2000-003b3000 r--p 00014000 16:41 1080084 /lib/ld-2.3.3.so [3] 003b3000-003b4000 rw-p 00015000 16:41 1080084 /lib/ld-2.3.3.so [4] 003b6000-004cb000 r-xp 00000000 16:41 1080085 /lib/tls/libc-2.3.3.so [5] 004cb000-004cd000 r--p 00115000 16:41 1080085 /lib/tls/libc-2.3.3.so [6] 004cd000-004cf000 rw-p 00117000 16:41 1080085 /lib/tls/libc-2.3.3.so [7] 004cf000-004d1000 rw-p 004cf000 00:00 0 [8] 08048000-08049000 r-xp 00000000 16:06 66970 /tmp/test [9] 08049000-0804a000 rw-p 00000000 16:06 66970 /tmp/test [10] b7fec000-b7fed000 rw-p b7fec000 00:00 0 [11] bffeb000-c0000000 rw-p bffeb000 00:00 0 [12] ffffe000-fffff000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 Note: I add number on each line as reference. Back to gdb, type: (gdb) q So, in total, we see 12 segment (also known as Virtual Memory Area--VMA). But I want to know about Windows Process & PE file format. Any tool(s) for getting the layout (segments) of running process in Windows? Any other good resources for learning more on this subject? EDIT: Are there any good articles which shows the mapping between PE file sections & VA segments?

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  • What does the Kernel Virtual Memory of each process contain?

    - by claws
    When say 3 programs (executables) are loaded into memory the layout might look something like this: I've following questions: Is the concept of Virtual Memory limited to user processes? Because, I am wondering where does the Operating System Kernel, Drivers live? How is its memory layout? I know its operating system specific make your choice (windows/linux). They say, on a 32 bit machine in a 4GB address space. Half of it (or more recently 1GB) is occupied by kernel. I can see in this diagram that "Kernel Virtual memory" is occupying 0xc0000000 - 0xffffffff (= 1 GB). Are they talking about this? or is it something else? Just want to confirm. What exactly does the Kernel Virtual Memory of each of these processes contain? What is its layout? When we do IPC we talk about shared memory. I don't see any memory shared between these processes. Where does it live? Resources (files, registries in windows) are global to all processes. So, the resource/file handle table must be in some global space. Which area would that be in? Where can I know more about this kernel side stuff.

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  • I never really understood: what is Application Binary Interface (ABI)?

    - by claws
    I never clearly understood what is an ABI. I'm sorry for such a lengthy question. I just want to clearly understand things. Please don't point me to wiki article, If could understand it, I wouldn't be here posting such a lengthy post. This is my mindset about different interfaces: TV remote is an interface between user and TV. It is an existing entity but useless (doesn't provide any functionality) by itself. All the functionality for each of those buttons on the remote is implemented in the Television set. Interface: It is a "existing entity" layer between the functionality and consumer of that functionality. An, interface by itself is doesn't do anything. It just invokes the functionality lying behind. Now depending on who the user is there are different type of interfaces. Command Line Interface(CLI) commands are the existing entities, consumer is the user and functionality lies behind. functionality: my software functionality which solves some purpose to which we are describing this interface. existing entities: commands consumer: user Graphical User Interface(GUI) window,buttons etc.. are the existing entities, again consumer is the user and functionality lies behind. functionality: my software functionality which solves some purpose to which we are describing this interface. existing entities: window,buttons etc.. consumer: user Application Programming Interface(API) functions or to be more correct, interfaces (in interfaced based programming) are the existing entities, consumer here is another program not a user. and again functionality lies behind this layer. functionality: my software functionality which solves some purpose to which we are describing this interface. existing entities: functions, Interfaces(array of functions). consumer: another program/application. Application Binary Interface (ABI) Here is my problem starts. functionality: ??? existing entities: ??? consumer: ??? I've wrote few softwares in different languages and provided different kind of interfaces (CLI, GUI, API) but I'm not sure, if I ever, provided any ABI. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_binary_interface says: ABIs cover details such as data type, size, and alignment; the calling convention, which controls how functions' arguments are passed and return values retrieved; the system call numbers and how an application should make system calls to the operating system; Other ABIs standardize details such as the C++ name mangling,[2] . exception propagation,[3] and calling convention between compilers on the same platform, but do not require cross-platform compatibility. Who needs these details? Please don't say, OS. I know assembly programming. I know how linking & loading works. I know what exactly happens inside. Where did C++ name mangling come in between? I thought we are talking at the binary level. Where did languages come in between? anyway, I've downloaded the [PDF] System V Application Binary Interface Edition 4.1 (1997-03-18) to see what exactly it contains. Well, most of it didn't make any sense. Why does it contain 2 chapters (4th & 5th) which describe the ELF file format.Infact, these are the only 2 significant chapters that specification. Rest of all the chapters "Processor Specific". Anyway, I thought that it is completely different topic. Please don't say that ELF file format specs are the ABI. It doesn't qualify to be Interface according to the definition. I know, since we are talking at such low level it must be very specific. But I'm not sure how is it "Instruction Set Architecture(ISA)" specific? Where can I find MS Window's ABI? So, these are the major queries that are bugging me.

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  • How do I reload servlet classes without restarting my web application?

    - by Ramon
    I want to reload just my web layer classes without reloading my service layer classes (which take longer to initialize and change less frequently). There are no references from my service layer into the web layer and I can create a whole new instance of the web layer without problems. I can conceive of a solution involving complicated class-loader tricks to isolate the web layer in its own class-loader and I think this is probably the only way to do this so what I'm asking is, is there a library out there which does this? I know about JavaRebel - I don't need that much power and I'm really looking for a more lightweight free solution.

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  • Complete state of a process

    - by sravan
    hi all, I wrote a small program which is as follows: #include<stdio.h> int c=0; int main() { int a=10,b=20; printf("Hello World\n"); c = a+b; printf("%d\n",c); return 0; } I can create a.out file using the command gcc -save-temps helloworld.c. The save-temps flag allows us to save the intermediate files, helloworld.i, helloworld.s, helloworld.o Now i want to know exactly how the stack of this program changes during the execution. Can some one please tell me how to go about it. My aim of this question is to know exactly what all happens during the execution of any program.

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