Search Results

Search found 24043 results on 962 pages for 'private methods'.

Page 75/962 | < Previous Page | 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82  | Next Page >

  • undefined method `output_data' for #<EventManager:0x007fa4220320c8> (NoMethodError)

    - by Roger Camps
    I keep getting this error: event_manager.rb:83:in': undefined method output_data' for #<EventManager:0x007fc5018320c0> (NoMethodError) I am following the exercise on this website: Here is my code (My error comes towards the end with DEF OUTPUT_DATA ...): # Dependencies require "csv" # Class Definition class EventManager INVALID_PHONE_NUMBER = "0000000000" INVALID_ZIPCODE = "00000" def initialize puts "EventManager Initialized." filename = "event_attendees.csv" @file = CSV.open(filename, {:headers => true, :header_converters => :symbol}) end def print_names @file.each do |line| puts line.inspect puts line[2] + " " + line[3] end end #printing home phone number method def print_numbers @file.each do |line| number = clean_number(line[:homephone]) puts number end end #cleaning numbers method def clean_number(number) cleaner= number.delete('.' + ')' + '(' + '-') if cleaner.length == 10 # Do Nothing elsif cleaner.length == 11 if cleaner.start_with?("1") cleaner = cleaner[1..-1] else cleaner = INVALID_PHONE_NUMBER end else cleaner = INVALID_PHONE_NUMBER end return cleaner end def clean_zipcode(original) if original.nil? zipcode = INVALID_ZIPCODE elsif original.length < 5 while original.length < 5 original = original.insert(0, "0") end else return original end return zipcode end def print_zipcodes @file.each do |line| zipcode = clean_zipcode(line[:zipcode]) puts zipcode end def output_data output = CSV.open("event_attendees_clean.csv", "w") @file.each do |line| output << line end end end end # Script manager = EventManager.new #manager.print_numbers #manager.print_zipcodes manager.output_data I've tried several things, checked all through the internet and I just can't figure it out myself. I will really appreciate any help. Thank you in advance!

    Read the article

  • multiplying all elements in an array by an outside number?

    - by prodo
    I need to multiple all the values in an array by 3000 which in turn would create a new array that I will use to subtract from another array. I've tried to create a separate method that would do that for me but all I got back in the multiplied array was a bunch of numbers and symbols strangely? here is the code that I wrote public static void main(String[] args) { int numberOfTaxpayers = Integer.parseInt(JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Enter how many users you would like to calculate taxes for: "); int[] usernumChild = new int[numberOfTaxPayers]; for (int i = 0; i < usernumChild.length; i++) { usernumChild[i] = Integer.parseInt(JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Enter number of children for user "+ (i+1) +": ")); }//this for loop finds out the number of children per user so we can later multiply each input by 3000 to create an array that determine dependency exemption for each user int[] depndExemp = multiply(usernumChild, 3000);//this was the calling of the multiply method... somewhere here is the error!! }//end main method public static int[] multiply(int[] children, int number) { int array[] = new int[children.length]; for( int i = 0; i < children.length; i++) { children[i] = children[i] * number; }//end for return array; }//this is the method that I was shown in a previous post on how to create return an array in this the dependency exemption array but when I tested this by printing out the dependency array all I received were a jumble of wrong numbers.

    Read the article

  • is there an equivalent to a "Focus Listener" in Objective-C or iPhone SDK? (Coming from Java)

    - by MarcZero
    Hello. I am a student programmer who has taken up Objective-C on my free time as my college doesn't teach it. We have only used Java and basic C so far. I am in the middle of making a program for the iPod and was wondering if there was any type of way to call a method in a class similar to the way a Focus Listener does in Java? I have a view that I would like to call a refresh method (to update the newly inputted titles of buttons from another view) when the view is put at the top and visible again. Is this too easy or is there a more methodical way of doing that? I have tried to just call the method from the other view class but it does not seem to work (says the other class is either undefined or may not accept the method call and crashes on execution). Any insight would be appreciated. Thank you for your time.

    Read the article

  • TypeError: init_animals() takes 1 positional arguments but 2 were given

    - by libra
    I know this title look familiar to some old questions, but i've looked at every single one of them, none of them solves. And here is my codes: class Island (object):E,W,R,P def __init__(self, x, y): self.init_animals(y) def init_animals(y): pass isle = Island(x,y) However, i got the following error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "<stdin>", line 3, in __init__ TypeError: init_animals() takes 1 positional arguments but 2 were given Please tell me if i got any mistakes, im so confused by this. Best regards

    Read the article

  • [C++] Start a thread using a method pointer

    - by Michael
    Hi ! I'm trying to develop a thread abstraction (POSIX thread and thread from the Windows API), and I would very much like it to be able to start them with a method pointer, and not a function pointer. What I would like to do is an abstraction of thread being a class with a pure virtual method "runThread", which would be implanted in the future threaded class. I don't know yet about the Windows thread, but to start a POSIX thread, you need a function pointer, and not a method pointer. And I can't manage to find a way to associate a method with an instance so it could work as a function. I probably just can't find the keywords (and I've been searching a lot), I think it's pretty much what Boost::Bind() does, so it must exist. Can you help me ?

    Read the article

  • Ternary operators in C#

    - by pm_2
    With the ternary operator, it is possible to do something like the following (assuming Func1() and Func2() return an int: int x = (x == y) ? Func1() : Func2(); However, is there any way to do the same thing, without returning a value? For example, something like (assuming Func1() and Func2() return void): (x == y) ? Func1() : Func2(); I realise this could be accomplished using an if statement, I just wondered if there was a way to do it like this.

    Read the article

  • NoMethodError in UsersController#create

    - by Mike DeVerna
    I'm getting stuck on an error I'm getting when signing up a new user in Michael Hart's Ruby on Rails Tutorial. I'm new to rails but I've been searching for hours and can't seem to find anything to figure out the issue. My initial thought is that it's specific to the following line: redirect_to @user This is my file for users_controller.rb #!/bin/env ruby # encoding: utf-8 class UsersController < ApplicationController def show @user = User.find(params[:id]) end def new @user = User.new end def create @user = User.new(params[:user]) if @user.save flash[:success] = "Welcome to the Sample App!" ?????????????? redirect_to @user else render 'new' end end end This is the error message I get: NoMethodError in UsersController#create undefined method `??????????????' for # Rails.root: /Users/mikedeverna/Documents/rails_projects/sample_app Application Trace | Framework Trace | Full Trace app/controllers/users_controller.rb:18:in `create' Here is the code in my routes.rb file: SampleApp::Application.routes.draw do resources :users resources :sessions, only: [:new, :create, :destroy] root to: 'static_pages#home' match '/signup', to: 'users#new' match '/signin', to: 'sessions#new' match '/signout', to: 'sessions#destroy', via: :delete match '/help', to: 'static_pages#help' match '/about', to: 'static_pages#about' match '/contact', to: 'static_pages#contact'

    Read the article

  • How to identify each parameter type in a C# method?

    - by user465876
    I have a C# method say: MyMethod(int num, string name, Color color, MyComplexType complex) Using reflection, how can I distinctly identify each of the parameter types of any method? I want to perform some task by parameter type. If the type is simple int, string or boolean then I do something, if it is Color, XMLDocument, etc I do something else and if it is user defined type like MyComplexType or MyCalci etc then I want to do certain task. I am able to retrieve all the parameters of a method using ParameterInfo and can loop through each parameter and get their types. But how can I identify each data type? foreach (var parameter in parameters) { //identify primitive types?? //identify value types //identify reference types } Edit: this is apart of my code to create a propert grid sort of page where I want to show the parameter list with data types for the selected method. If the parameter has any userdefined type/reference type then I want to expand it further to show all the elements under it with datatypes.

    Read the article

  • php: avoiding __get in certain circumstances?

    - by user151841
    I have a class where I'm using __set. Because I don't want it to set just anything, I have an array of approved variables that it checks before it will actually set a class property. However, on construct, I want the __construct method to set several class properties, some of which are not in the approved list. So when construct happens, and I do $this->var = $value, I of course get my exception that I'm not allowed to set that variable. Can I get around this somehow?

    Read the article

  • Should I Teach My Son Programming? What approaches should I take? [closed]

    - by DaveDev
    I was wondering if it's a good idea to teach object oriented programming to my son? I was never really good at math as a kid, but I think since I've started programming it's given me a greater ability to understand math by being better able to visualise relationships between abstract models. I thought it might give him a better advantage in learning & applying logical & mathematical concepts throughout his life if he was able to take advantage of the tools available to programmers. what would be the best programming fields, techniques and/or concepts? What approach should I take? what concepts should I avoid? what fields of mathematics would he find this benfits him most? He's only 2 now so it wouldn't be for another few years before I do this, (and even at that, only from a very high level point of view). I thought I'd put it to the programming community and see what you guys thought? Possible Duplicate: What are some recommended programming resources for pre-teens?

    Read the article

  • C# return and display syntax issue

    - by thatdude
    I am having trouble passing the return value from TheMethod() to Main and displaying the word if the if statement is passed as true. I have thought of two ways of doing this, neither has worked but I think I am missing synatx. Using a return ?; non void method and then displaying the returned value. Using a void method and actually writing out(example below) So yes I am new at this, however I have made so many iterations everything is blending together and I have forgot what I have tried. Any help on the syntax be great for either of these ways. Basically I need it to iterate numbers 1,2,3,4 and depending on if the current iteration matches an expression in the if statements it will display a word. Example: if (3 = i) { Console.WriteLine("Word"); } Code: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace Proj5 { class Program { int i = 0; static void Main(int i) { for (i = 0; i < 101; i++) { Console.WriteLine("test"); } } string TheMethod(int i) { string f = "Word1"; string b = "Word2"; if (i == 3) { return f; } if (i == 5) { return b; } if (0 == (i % 3)) { return f; } if (0 == i % 5) { return b; } else { return b; } } } }

    Read the article

  • When To Use this.method()?

    - by Soo
    Hi SO, and happy Friday I have a question regarding the use of this.method();. My code seems to work without using the this., but I include it because it seems like the right thing to do. When should .this be used, and because it's presence doesn't always make a difference, what's the best practice for .this?

    Read the article

  • Why does this while terminate before receiving a value? (java)

    - by David
    Here's the relevant code snippet. public static Territory[] assignTerri (Territory[] board, String[] colors) { for (int i = 0; i<board.length; i++) { // so a problem is that Territory.translate is void fix this. System.out.print ("What team controls ") ; Territory.translate (i) ; System.out.println (" ?") ; boolean a = false ; while (a = false) { String s = getIns () ; if ((checkColor (s, colors))) { board[i].team = (returnIndex (s, colors)) ; a =true ; } else System.out.println ("error try again") ; } System.out.print ("How many unites are on ") ; Territory.translate (i) ; System.out.println (" ?") ; int n = getInt () ; board[i].population = n ; } return board ; } As an additional piece of information, checkColor just checks to make sure that its first argument, a string, is a string in one of the indexes of its second argument, an array. It seems to me that when the while the method gets a string from the keyboard and then only if that string checks out is a true and the while allowed to terminate. The output I get though is this: What team controls Alaska ? How many unites are on Alaska ? (there is space at the end to type in an input) This would seem to suggest that the while terminates before an input is ever typed in since the first line of text is within the while while the second line of text comes after it outside of it. Why is this happening?

    Read the article

  • Why does this while terminate before recieving a value? (java)

    - by David
    here's the relevant code snippet. public static Territory[] assignTerri (Territory[] board, String[] colors) { for (int i = 0; i<board.length; i++) { // so a problem is that Territory.translate is void fix this. System.out.print ("What team controls ") ; Territory.translate (i) ; System.out.println (" ?") ; boolean a = false ; while (a = false) { String s = getIns () ; if ((checkColor (s, colors))) { board[i].team = (returnIndex (s, colors)) ; a =true ; } else System.out.println ("error try again") ; } System.out.print ("How many unites are on ") ; Territory.translate (i) ; System.out.println (" ?") ; int n = getInt () ; board[i].population = n ; } return board ; } as an additional piece of information, checkColor just checks to make sure that its first argument, a string, is a string in one of the indexes of its second argument, an array. it seems to me that when the while the method gets a string from the keyboard and then only if that string checks out is a true and the while allowed to terminate. The output i get though is this: What team controls Alaska ? How many unites are on Alaska ? (there is space at the end to type in an input) This would seem to suggest that the while terminates before an input is ever typed in since the first line of text is within the while while the second line of text comes after it outside of it. why is this happening?

    Read the article

  • Targeting all subclassed CCSprites (cocos2d)

    - by Joethemonkey101
    I'm working on a method to end the level, but to do so, I have to see that all of the enemy character have been killed. If my enemies are CCSprites, how do I make a method that detects if all of them are dead? I'm tracking their health with an int called enemyHp. For example, this is an if statement I made to remove the enemy if (enemy.enemyHp <= 0) { To recap - I want to make a method that detects when all enemies have been killed. Thanks

    Read the article

  • what does "do" do here? (java)

    - by David
    I saw this bit of code on the interents somewhere. I'm wondering what thedo is for. public class LoopControl { public static void main(String[] args) { int count = 0; do { if(count % 2 == 0) { for(int j = 0; j < count; j++) { System.out.print(j+1); if(j < count-1) System.out.print(", "); } System.out.println(); } count++; } while(count <= 5); } }

    Read the article

  • High Sqlservr.exe Memory Usage

    - by user18576
    I have a problem with sqlservr.exe (version 2008). It use a more memory. I checked on windows taskbar manager, sqlservr.exe usage ( Mem usage - 8GB Ram). I dont know how can I fix it.Got the following metrics of the server using Perfmon: SQLServer:Buffer Manager Buffer cache hit ratio 13 SQLServer:Buffer Manager Page lookups/sec 46026128096 SQLServer:Buffer Manager Free pages 129295 SQLServer:Buffer Manager Total pages 997309 SQLServer:Buffer Manager Target pages 1053560 SQLServer:Buffer Manager Database pages 484117 SQLServer:Buffer Manager Reserved pages 0 SQLServer:Buffer Manager Stolen pages 383897 SQLServer:Buffer Manager Lazy writes/sec 384369 SQLServer:Buffer Manager Readahead pages/sec 69315446 SQLServer:Buffer Manager Page reads/sec 71280353 SQLServer:Buffer Manager Page writes/sec 12408371 SQLServer:Buffer Manager Checkpoint pages/sec 7053801 SQLServer:Buffer Manager Page life expectancy 735262 SQLServer:General Statistics Active Temp Tables 161 SQLServer:General Statistics Temp Tables Creation Rate 3131845 SQLServer:General Statistics Logins/sec 2336011 SQLServer:General Statistics Logouts/sec 2335984 SQLServer:General Statistics User Connections 27 SQLServer:General Statistics Transactions 0 SQLServer:Access Methods Full Scans/sec 34422821 SQLServer:Access Methods Range Scans/sec 2027247756 SQLServer:Access Methods Workfiles Created/sec 49771600 SQLServer:Access Methods Worktables Created/sec 28205828 SQLServer:Access Methods Index Searches/sec 4890715219 SQLServer:Access Methods FreeSpace Scans/sec 21178928 SQLServer:Access Methods FreeSpace Page Fetches/sec 21226653 SQLServer:Access Methods Pages Allocated/sec 41483279 SQLServer:Access Methods Extents Allocated/sec 4743504 SQLServer:Access Methods Extent Deallocations/sec 4806606 SQLServer:Access Methods Page Deallocations/sec 41419137 SQLServer:Access Methods Page Splits/sec 23834799 SQLServer:Memory Manager SQL Cache Memory (KB) 29160 SQLServer:Memory Manager Target Server Memory (KB) 8428480 SQLServer:Memory Manager Total Server Memory (KB) 7978472 Some body could help me please.And I really want to know the cause for the above.

    Read the article

  • C#: Handling Notifications: inheritance, events, or delegates?

    - by James Michael Hare
    Often times as developers we have to design a class where we get notification when certain things happen. In older object-oriented code this would often be implemented by overriding methods -- with events, delegates, and interfaces, however, we have far more elegant options. So, when should you use each of these methods and what are their strengths and weaknesses? Now, for the purposes of this article when I say notification, I'm just talking about ways for a class to let a user know that something has occurred. This can be through any programmatic means such as inheritance, events, delegates, etc. So let's build some context. I'm sitting here thinking about a provider neutral messaging layer for the place I work, and I got to the point where I needed to design the message subscriber which will receive messages from the message bus. Basically, what we want is to be able to create a message listener and have it be called whenever a new message arrives. Now, back before the flood we would have done this via inheritance and an abstract class: 1:  2: // using inheritance - omitting argument null checks and halt logic 3: public abstract class MessageListener 4: { 5: private ISubscriber _subscriber; 6: private bool _isHalted = false; 7: private Thread _messageThread; 8:  9: // assign the subscriber and start the messaging loop 10: public MessageListener(ISubscriber subscriber) 11: { 12: _subscriber = subscriber; 13: _messageThread = new Thread(MessageLoop); 14: _messageThread.Start(); 15: } 16:  17: // user will override this to process their messages 18: protected abstract void OnMessageReceived(Message msg); 19:  20: // handle the looping in the thread 21: private void MessageLoop() 22: { 23: while(!_isHalted) 24: { 25: // as long as processing, wait 1 second for message 26: Message msg = _subscriber.Receive(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)); 27: if(msg != null) 28: { 29: OnMessageReceived(msg); 30: } 31: } 32: } 33: ... 34: } It seems so odd to write this kind of code now. Does it feel odd to you? Maybe it's just because I've gotten so used to delegation that I really don't like the feel of this. To me it is akin to saying that if I want to drive my car I need to derive a new instance of it just to put myself in the driver's seat. And yet, unquestionably, five years ago I would have probably written the code as you see above. To me, inheritance is a flawed approach for notifications due to several reasons: Inheritance is one of the HIGHEST forms of coupling. You can't seal the listener class because it depends on sub-classing to work. Because C# does not allow multiple-inheritance, I've spent my one inheritance implementing this class. Every time you need to listen to a bus, you have to derive a class which leads to lots of trivial sub-classes. The act of consuming a message should be a separate responsibility than the act of listening for a message (SRP). Inheritance is such a strong statement (this IS-A that) that it should only be used in building type hierarchies and not for overriding use-specific behaviors and notifications. Chances are, if a class needs to be inherited to be used, it most likely is not designed as well as it could be in today's modern programming languages. So lets look at the other tools available to us for getting notified instead. Here's a few other choices to consider. Have the listener expose a MessageReceived event. Have the listener accept a new IMessageHandler interface instance. Have the listener accept an Action<Message> delegate. Really, all of these are different forms of delegation. Now, .NET events are a bit heavier than the other types of delegates in terms of run-time execution, but they are a great way to allow others using your class to subscribe to your events: 1: // using event - ommiting argument null checks and halt logic 2: public sealed class MessageListener 3: { 4: private ISubscriber _subscriber; 5: private bool _isHalted = false; 6: private Thread _messageThread; 7:  8: // assign the subscriber and start the messaging loop 9: public MessageListener(ISubscriber subscriber) 10: { 11: _subscriber = subscriber; 12: _messageThread = new Thread(MessageLoop); 13: _messageThread.Start(); 14: } 15:  16: // user will override this to process their messages 17: public event Action<Message> MessageReceived; 18:  19: // handle the looping in the thread 20: private void MessageLoop() 21: { 22: while(!_isHalted) 23: { 24: // as long as processing, wait 1 second for message 25: Message msg = _subscriber.Receive(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)); 26: if(msg != null && MessageReceived != null) 27: { 28: MessageReceived(msg); 29: } 30: } 31: } 32: } Note, now we can seal the class to avoid changes and the user just needs to provide a message handling method: 1: theListener.MessageReceived += CustomReceiveMethod; However, personally I don't think events hold up as well in this case because events are largely optional. To me, what is the point of a listener if you create one with no event listeners? So in my mind, use events when handling the notification is optional. So how about the delegation via interface? I personally like this method quite a bit. Basically what it does is similar to inheritance method mentioned first, but better because it makes it easy to split the part of the class that doesn't change (the base listener behavior) from the part that does change (the user-specified action after receiving a message). So assuming we had an interface like: 1: public interface IMessageHandler 2: { 3: void OnMessageReceived(Message receivedMessage); 4: } Our listener would look like this: 1: // using delegation via interface - omitting argument null checks and halt logic 2: public sealed class MessageListener 3: { 4: private ISubscriber _subscriber; 5: private IMessageHandler _handler; 6: private bool _isHalted = false; 7: private Thread _messageThread; 8:  9: // assign the subscriber and start the messaging loop 10: public MessageListener(ISubscriber subscriber, IMessageHandler handler) 11: { 12: _subscriber = subscriber; 13: _handler = handler; 14: _messageThread = new Thread(MessageLoop); 15: _messageThread.Start(); 16: } 17:  18: // handle the looping in the thread 19: private void MessageLoop() 20: { 21: while(!_isHalted) 22: { 23: // as long as processing, wait 1 second for message 24: Message msg = _subscriber.Receive(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)); 25: if(msg != null) 26: { 27: _handler.OnMessageReceived(msg); 28: } 29: } 30: } 31: } And they would call it by creating a class that implements IMessageHandler and pass that instance into the constructor of the listener. I like that this alleviates the issues of inheritance and essentially forces you to provide a handler (as opposed to events) on construction. Well, this is good, but personally I think we could go one step further. While I like this better than events or inheritance, it still forces you to implement a specific method name. What if that name collides? Furthermore if you have lots of these you end up either with large classes inheriting multiple interfaces to implement one method, or lots of small classes. Also, if you had one class that wanted to manage messages from two different subscribers differently, it wouldn't be able to because the interface can't be overloaded. This brings me to using delegates directly. In general, every time I think about creating an interface for something, and if that interface contains only one method, I start thinking a delegate is a better approach. Now, that said delegates don't accomplish everything an interface can. Obviously having the interface allows you to refer to the classes that implement the interface which can be very handy. In this case, though, really all you want is a method to handle the messages. So let's look at a method delegate: 1: // using delegation via delegate - omitting argument null checks and halt logic 2: public sealed class MessageListener 3: { 4: private ISubscriber _subscriber; 5: private Action<Message> _handler; 6: private bool _isHalted = false; 7: private Thread _messageThread; 8:  9: // assign the subscriber and start the messaging loop 10: public MessageListener(ISubscriber subscriber, Action<Message> handler) 11: { 12: _subscriber = subscriber; 13: _handler = handler; 14: _messageThread = new Thread(MessageLoop); 15: _messageThread.Start(); 16: } 17:  18: // handle the looping in the thread 19: private void MessageLoop() 20: { 21: while(!_isHalted) 22: { 23: // as long as processing, wait 1 second for message 24: Message msg = _subscriber.Receive(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)); 25: if(msg != null) 26: { 27: _handler(msg); 28: } 29: } 30: } 31: } Here the MessageListener now takes an Action<Message>.  For those of you unfamiliar with the pre-defined delegate types in .NET, that is a method with the signature: void SomeMethodName(Message). The great thing about delegates is it gives you a lot of power. You could create an anonymous delegate, a lambda, or specify any other method as long as it satisfies the Action<Message> signature. This way, you don't need to define an arbitrary helper class or name the method a specific thing. Incidentally, we could combine both the interface and delegate approach to allow maximum flexibility. Doing this, the user could either pass in a delegate, or specify a delegate interface: 1: // using delegation - give users choice of interface or delegate 2: public sealed class MessageListener 3: { 4: private ISubscriber _subscriber; 5: private Action<Message> _handler; 6: private bool _isHalted = false; 7: private Thread _messageThread; 8:  9: // assign the subscriber and start the messaging loop 10: public MessageListener(ISubscriber subscriber, Action<Message> handler) 11: { 12: _subscriber = subscriber; 13: _handler = handler; 14: _messageThread = new Thread(MessageLoop); 15: _messageThread.Start(); 16: } 17:  18: // passes the interface method as a delegate using method group 19: public MessageListener(ISubscriber subscriber, IMessageHandler handler) 20: : this(subscriber, handler.OnMessageReceived) 21: { 22: } 23:  24: // handle the looping in the thread 25: private void MessageLoop() 26: { 27: while(!_isHalted) 28: { 29: // as long as processing, wait 1 second for message 30: Message msg = _subscriber.Receive(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)); 31: if(msg != null) 32: { 33: _handler(msg); 34: } 35: } 36: } 37: } } This is the method I tend to prefer because it allows the user of the class to choose which method works best for them. You may be curious about the actual performance of these different methods. 1: Enter iterations: 2: 1000000 3:  4: Inheritance took 4 ms. 5: Events took 7 ms. 6: Interface delegation took 4 ms. 7: Lambda delegate took 5 ms. Before you get too caught up in the numbers, however, keep in mind that this is performance over over 1,000,000 iterations. Since they are all < 10 ms which boils down to fractions of a micro-second per iteration so really any of them are a fine choice performance wise. As such, I think the choice of what to do really boils down to what you're trying to do. Here's my guidelines: Inheritance should be used only when defining a collection of related types with implementation specific behaviors, it should not be used as a hook for users to add their own functionality. Events should be used when subscription is optional or multi-cast is desired. Interface delegation should be used when you wish to refer to implementing classes by the interface type or if the type requires several methods to be implemented. Delegate method delegation should be used when you only need to provide one method and do not need to refer to implementers by the interface name.

    Read the article

  • add a from to backup routine

    - by Gerard Flynn
    hi how do you put a process bar and button onto this code i have class and want to add a gui on to the code using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Data.SqlClient; using System.IO; using System.Threading; using Tamir.SharpSsh; using System.Security.Cryptography; using ICSharpCode.SharpZipLib.Checksums; using ICSharpCode.SharpZipLib.Zip; using ICSharpCode.SharpZipLib.GZip; namespace backup { public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } /// <summary> /// Summary description for Class1. /// </summary> public class Backup { private string dbName; private string dbUsername; private string dbPassword; private static string baseDir; private string backupName; private static bool isBackup; private string keyString; private string ivString; private string[] backupDirs = new string[0]; private string[] excludeDirs = new string[0]; private ZipOutputStream zipOutputStream; private string backupFile; private string zipFile; private string encryptedFile; static void Main() { Backup.Log("BackupUtility loaded"); try { new Backup(); if (!isBackup) MessageBox.Show("Restore complete"); } catch (Exception e) { Backup.Log(e.ToString()); if (!isBackup) MessageBox.Show("Error restoring!\r\n" + e.Message); } } private void LoadAppSettings() { this.backupName = System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["BackupName"].ToString(); this.dbName = System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["DBName"].ToString(); this.dbUsername = System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["DBUsername"].ToString(); this.dbPassword = System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["DBPassword"].ToString(); //default to using where we are executing this assembly from Backup.baseDir = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location.Substring(0, System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location.LastIndexOf("\\")) + "\\"; Backup.isBackup = bool.Parse(System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["IsBackup"].ToString()); this.keyString = System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["KeyString"].ToString(); this.ivString = System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["IVString"].ToString(); this.backupDirs = GetSetting("BackupDirs", ','); this.excludeDirs = GetSetting("ExcludeDirs", ','); } private string[] GetSetting(string settingName, char delimiter) { if (System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings[settingName] != null) { string settingVal = System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings[settingName].ToString(); if (settingVal.Length > 0) return settingVal.Split(delimiter); } return new string[0]; } public Backup() { this.LoadAppSettings(); if (isBackup) this.DoBackup(); else this.DoRestore(); Log("Finished"); } private void DoRestore() { System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog fileDialog = new System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog(); fileDialog.Title = "Choose .encrypted file"; fileDialog.Filter = "Encrypted files (*.encrypted)|*.encrypted|All files (*.*)|*.*"; fileDialog.InitialDirectory = Backup.baseDir; if (fileDialog.ShowDialog() == System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.OK) { //string encryptedFile = GetFileName("encrypted"); string encryptedFile = fileDialog.FileName; string decryptedFile = this.GetDecryptedFilename(encryptedFile); //string originalFile = GetFileName("original"); this.Decrypt(encryptedFile, decryptedFile); //this.UnzipFile(decryptedFile, originalFile); } } //use the same filename as the backup except replace ".encrypted" with ".decrypted.zip" private string GetDecryptedFilename(string encryptedFile) { string name = encryptedFile.Substring(0, encryptedFile.LastIndexOf(".")); name += ".decrypted.zip"; return name; } private void DoBackup() { this.backupFile = GetFileName("bak"); this.zipFile = GetFileName("zip"); this.encryptedFile = GetFileName("encrypted"); this.DeleteFiles(); this.zipOutputStream = new ZipOutputStream(File.Create(zipFile)); try { //backup database first if (this.dbName.Length > 0) { this.BackupDB(backupFile); this.ZipFile(backupFile, this.GetName(backupFile)); } //zip any directories specified in config file this.ZipUserSpecifiedFilesAndDirectories(this.backupDirs); } finally { this.zipOutputStream.Finish(); this.zipOutputStream.Close(); } this.Encrypt(zipFile, encryptedFile); this.SCPFile(encryptedFile); this.DeleteFiles(); } /// <summary> /// Deletes any files created by the backup process, namely the DB backup file, /// the zip of all files backuped up, and the encrypred zip file /// </summary> private void DeleteFiles() { File.Delete(this.backupFile); File.Delete(this.zipFile); ///File.Delete(this.encryptedFile); } private void ZipUserSpecifiedFilesAndDirectories(string[] fileNames) { foreach (string fileName in fileNames) { string name = fileName.Trim(); if (name.Length > 0) { Log("Zipping " + name); this.ZipFile(name, this.GetNameFromDir(name)); } } } private void SCPFile(string inputPath) { string sshServer = System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["SSHServer"].ToString(); string sshUsername = System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["SSHUsername"].ToString(); string sshPassword = System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["SSHPassword"].ToString(); if (sshServer.Length > 0 && sshUsername.Length > 0 && sshPassword.Length > 0) { Scp scp = new Scp(sshServer, sshUsername, sshPassword); //Copy a file from local machine to remote SSH server scp.Connect(); Log("Connected to " + sshServer); //scp.Put(inputPath, "/home/wal/temp.txt"); scp.Put(inputPath, GetName(inputPath)); scp.Close(); } else { Log("Not SCP as missing login details"); } } private string GetName(string inputPath) { FileInfo info = new FileInfo(inputPath); return info.Name; } private string GetNameFromDir(string inputPath) { DirectoryInfo info = new DirectoryInfo(inputPath); return info.Name; } private static void Log(string msg) { try { string toLog = DateTime.Now.ToString() + ": " + msg; System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(toLog); System.IO.FileStream fs = new System.IO.FileStream(baseDir + "app.log", System.IO.FileMode.OpenOrCreate, System.IO.FileAccess.ReadWrite); System.IO.StreamWriter m_streamWriter = new System.IO.StreamWriter(fs); m_streamWriter.BaseStream.Seek(0, System.IO.SeekOrigin.End); m_streamWriter.WriteLine(toLog); m_streamWriter.Flush(); m_streamWriter.Close(); fs.Close(); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine(e.ToString()); } } private byte[] GetFileBytes(string path) { FileStream stream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open); byte[] bytes = new byte[stream.Length]; stream.Read(bytes, 0, bytes.Length); stream.Close(); return bytes; } private void WriteFileBytes(byte[] bytes, string path) { FileStream stream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Create); stream.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length); stream.Close(); } private void UnzipFile(string inputPath, string outputPath) { ZipInputStream zis = new ZipInputStream(File.OpenRead(inputPath)); ZipEntry theEntry = zis.GetNextEntry(); FileStream streamWriter = File.Create(outputPath); int size = 2048; byte[] data = new byte[2048]; while (true) { size = zis.Read(data, 0, data.Length); if (size > 0) { streamWriter.Write(data, 0, size); } else { break; } } streamWriter.Close(); zis.Close(); } private bool ExcludeDir(string dirName) { foreach (string excludeDir in this.excludeDirs) { if (dirName == excludeDir) return true; } return false; } private void ZipFile(string inputPath, string zipName) { FileAttributes fa = File.GetAttributes(inputPath); if ((fa & FileAttributes.Directory) != 0) { string dirName = zipName + "/"; ZipEntry entry1 = new ZipEntry(dirName); this.zipOutputStream.PutNextEntry(entry1); string[] subDirs = Directory.GetDirectories(inputPath); //create directories first foreach (string subDir in subDirs) { DirectoryInfo info = new DirectoryInfo(subDir); string name = info.Name; if (this.ExcludeDir(name)) Log("Excluding " + dirName + name); else this.ZipFile(subDir, dirName + name); } //then store files string[] fileNames = Directory.GetFiles(inputPath); foreach (string fileName in fileNames) { FileInfo info = new FileInfo(fileName); string name = info.Name; this.ZipFile(fileName, dirName + name); } } else { Crc32 crc = new Crc32(); this.zipOutputStream.SetLevel(6); // 0 - store only to 9 - means best compression FileStream fs = null; try { fs = File.OpenRead(inputPath); } catch (IOException ioEx) { Log("WARNING! " + ioEx.Message);//might be in use, skip file in this case } if (fs != null) { byte[] buffer = new byte[fs.Length]; fs.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); ZipEntry entry = new ZipEntry(zipName); entry.DateTime = DateTime.Now; // set Size and the crc, because the information // about the size and crc should be stored in the header // if it is not set it is automatically written in the footer. // (in this case size == crc == -1 in the header) // Some ZIP programs have problems with zip files that don't store // the size and crc in the header. entry.Size = fs.Length; fs.Close(); crc.Reset(); crc.Update(buffer); entry.Crc = crc.Value; this.zipOutputStream.PutNextEntry(entry); this.zipOutputStream.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); } } } private void Encrypt(string inputPath, string outputPath) { RijndaelManaged rijndaelManaged = new RijndaelManaged(); byte[] encrypted; byte[] toEncrypt; //Create a new key and initialization vector. //myRijndael.GenerateKey(); //myRijndael.GenerateIV(); /*des.GenerateKey(); des.GenerateIV(); string temp1 = Convert.ToBase64String(des.Key); string temp2 = Convert.ToBase64String(des.IV);*/ //Get the key and IV. byte[] key = Convert.FromBase64String(keyString); byte[] IV = Convert.FromBase64String(ivString); //Get an encryptor. ICryptoTransform encryptor = rijndaelManaged.CreateEncryptor(key, IV); //Encrypt the data. MemoryStream msEncrypt = new MemoryStream(); CryptoStream csEncrypt = new CryptoStream(msEncrypt, encryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Write); //Convert the data to a byte array. toEncrypt = this.GetFileBytes(inputPath); //Write all data to the crypto stream and flush it. csEncrypt.Write(toEncrypt, 0, toEncrypt.Length); csEncrypt.FlushFinalBlock(); //Get encrypted array of bytes. encrypted = msEncrypt.ToArray(); WriteFileBytes(encrypted, outputPath); } private void Decrypt(string inputPath, string outputPath) { RijndaelManaged myRijndael = new RijndaelManaged(); //DES des = new DESCryptoServiceProvider(); byte[] key = Convert.FromBase64String(keyString); byte[] IV = Convert.FromBase64String(ivString); byte[] encrypted = this.GetFileBytes(inputPath); byte[] fromEncrypt; //Get a decryptor that uses the same key and IV as the encryptor. ICryptoTransform decryptor = myRijndael.CreateDecryptor(key, IV); //Now decrypt the previously encrypted message using the decryptor // obtained in the above step. MemoryStream msDecrypt = new MemoryStream(encrypted); CryptoStream csDecrypt = new CryptoStream(msDecrypt, decryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Read); fromEncrypt = new byte[encrypted.Length]; //Read the data out of the crypto stream. int bytesRead = csDecrypt.Read(fromEncrypt, 0, fromEncrypt.Length); byte[] readBytes = new byte[bytesRead]; Array.Copy(fromEncrypt, 0, readBytes, 0, bytesRead); this.WriteFileBytes(readBytes, outputPath); } private string GetFileName(string extension) { return baseDir + backupName + "_" + DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMdd") + "." + extension; } private void BackupDB(string backupPath) { string sql = @"DECLARE @Date VARCHAR(300), @Dir VARCHAR(4000) --Get today date SET @Date = CONVERT(VARCHAR, GETDATE(), 112) --Set the directory where the back up file is stored SET @Dir = '"; sql += backupPath; sql += @"' --create a 'device' to write to first EXEC sp_addumpdevice 'disk', 'temp_device', @Dir --now do the backup BACKUP DATABASE " + this.dbName; sql += @" TO temp_device WITH FORMAT --Drop the device EXEC sp_dropdevice 'temp_device' "; //Console.WriteLine("sql="+sql); Backup.Log("Starting backup of " + this.dbName); ExecuteSQL(sql); } /// <summary> /// Executes the specified SQL /// Returns true if no errors were encountered during execution /// </summary> /// <param name="procedureName"></param> private void ExecuteSQL(string sql) { SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(this.GetDBConnectString()); try { SqlCommand comm = new SqlCommand(sql, conn); conn.Open(); comm.ExecuteNonQuery(); } finally { conn.Close(); } } private string GetDBConnectString() { StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(); builder.Append("Data Source=127.0.0.1; User ID="); builder.Append(this.dbUsername); builder.Append("; Password="); builder.Append(this.dbPassword); builder.Append("; Initial Catalog="); builder.Append(this.dbName); builder.Append(";Connect Timeout=30"); return builder.ToString(); } } } }

    Read the article

  • Why can I access private/protected methods using Object#send in Ruby?

    - by smotchkkiss
    The class class A private def foo puts :foo end public def bar puts :bar end private def zim puts :zim end protected def dib puts :dib end end instance of A a = A.new test a.foo rescue puts :fail a.bar rescue puts :fail a.zim rescue puts :fail a.dib rescue puts :fail a.gaz rescue puts :fail test output fail bar fail fail fail .send test [:foo, :bar, :zim, :dib, :gaz].each { |m| a.send(m) rescue puts :fail } .send output foo bar zim dib fail The question The section labeled "Test Output" is the expected result. So why can I access private/protected method by simply Object#send? Perhaps more important: What is the difference between public/private/protected in Ruby? When to use each? Can someone provide real world examples for private and protected usage?

    Read the article

  • Can Fluent nhibernate's automapper be configured to handle private readonly backing fields?

    - by Mark Rogers
    I like private readonly backing fields because some objects are mostly read-only after creation, and for collections, which rarely need to be set wholesale (instead using collection methods to modify the collection). For example: public class BuildingType : DomainEntity { /* rest of class */ public IEnumerable<ActionType> ActionsGranted { get { return _actionsGranted; } } private readonly IList<ActionType> _actionsGranted = new List<ActionType>(); private readonly Image _buildingTile; public virtual Image BuildingTile { get { return _buildingTile; } } } But as far as I remember fluent-nhibernate's automapper never had a solution for private readonly backing fields, I'm wondering if that's changed in the last few months. So here's my question: How do I configure automapper or create an automapping convention to map private readonly backing fields?

    Read the article

  • Which is a better practice - helper methods as instance or static?

    - by Ilian Pinzon
    This question is subjective but I was just curious how most programmers approach this. The sample below is in pseudo-C# but this should apply to Java, C++, and other OOP languages as well. Anyway, when writing helper methods in my classes, I tend to declare them as static and just pass the fields if the helper method needs them. For example, given the code below, I prefer to use Method Call #2. class Foo { Bar _bar; public void DoSomethingWithBar() { // Method Call #1. DoSomethingWithBarImpl(); // Method Call #2. DoSomethingWithBarImpl(_bar); } private void DoSomethingWithBarImpl() { _bar.DoSomething(); } private static void DoSomethingWithBarImpl(Bar bar) { bar.DoSomething(); } } My reason for doing this is that it makes it clear (to my eyes at least) that the helper method has a possible side-effect on other objects - even without reading its implementation. I find that I can quickly grok methods that use this practice and thus help me in debugging things. Which do you prefer to do in your own code and what are your reasons for doing so?

    Read the article

< Previous Page | 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82  | Next Page >