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  • PHP - Find a string in file then show it's line number

    - by xZero
    I have an application which needs to open the file, then find string in it, and print a line number where is string found. For example, file example.txt contains few hashes: APLF2J51 1a79a4d60de6718e8e5b326e338ae533 EEQJE2YX 66b375b08fc869632935c9e6a9c7f8da O87IGF8R c458fb5edb84c54f4dc42804622aa0c5 APLF2J51 B7TSW1ZE 1e9eea56686511e9052e6578b56ae018 EEQJE2YX affb23b07576b88d1e9fea50719fb3b7 So, I want to PHP search for "1e9eea56686511e9052e6578b56ae018" and print out its line number, in this case 4. Please note that there are will not be multiple hashes in file. I found a few codes over Internet, but none seem to work. I tried this one: <?PHP $string = "1e9eea56686511e9052e6578b56ae018"; $data = file_get_contents("example.txt"); $data = explode("\n", $data); for ($line = 0; $line < count($data); $line++) { if (strpos($data[$line], $string) >= 0) { die("String $string found at line number: $line"); } } ?> It just says that string is found at line 0.... Which is not correct.... Final application is much more complex than that... After it founds line number, it should replace string which something else, and save changes to file, then goes further processing.... Thanks in advance :)

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  • C++ STL Map vs Vector speed

    - by sub
    In the interpreter for my experimental programming language I have a symbol table. Each symbol consists of a name and a value (the value can be e.g.: of type string, int, function, etc.). At first I represented the table with a vector and iterated through the symbols checking if the given symbol name fitted. Then I though using a map, in my case map<string,symbol>, would be better than iterating through the vector all the time but: It's a bit hard to explain this part but I'll try. If a variable is retrieved the first time in a program in my language, of course its position in the symbol table has to be found (using vector now). If I would iterate through the vector every time the line gets executed (think of a loop), it would be terribly slow (as it currently is, nearly as slow as microsoft's batch). So I could use a map to retrieve the variable: SymbolTable[ myVar.Name ] But think of the following: If the variable, still using vector, is found the first time, I can store its exact integer position in the vector with it. That means: The next time it is needed, my interpreter knows that it has been "cached" and doesn't search the symbol table for it but does something like SymbolTable.at( myVar.CachedPosition ). Now my (rather hard?) question: Should I use a vector for the symbol table together with caching the position of the variable in the vector? Should I rather use a map? Why? How fast is the [] operator? Should I use something completely different?

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  • Kohana 3, problem with m2m data adding

    - by Marek
    Hello I posted this on official forum but with no result. I am getting :Undefined index: enrollment error when trying to save data. My pivot model: class Model_Enrollment extends ORM { protected $_belongs_to = array('page' => array(), 'menugroup' => array()); } Model_Page protected $_has_many = array('templates' => array(), 'menugroups' => array('through' => 'enrollment')); Model_Menugroup protected $_has_many = array('menuitems' => array(), 'pages' => array('through' => 'enrollment')); //Overriden save() method in Model_Menugroup: public function save() { if (empty($this->created)) { $this->created = time(); } parent::save(); $this->reload(); if (! $this->is_global) { if (! empty($this->groupOwnerPagesId) { $page = ORM::factory('page'); foreach($this->groupOwnerPagesId as $id) { $this->add('enrollment', $page->find($id)); } } } } I did: I corrected table names in pivot model by changing them to singular I even now using the same name for pivot table / model = enrollment. The same as in tutorial. Just in case So the pivot table has name 'enrollment' and has 2 columns: page_id , menugroup_id I tried to add pk in pivot table, but it changed nothing I tried to add/remove db relation between pages/menugroups and pivot table (InnoDB) but with no luck I tried save all data in controller, but with the same bad result:( I am still getting the same error: Undefined index: enrollment in ORM line: $columns = array($this-_has_many[$alias]['foreign_key'], $this-_has_many[$alias]['far_key']); Could somebody tell me, what can be else wrong? I have no other ideas:( Kind regards

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  • Need help extrapolating Java code

    - by Berlioz
    If anyone familiar with Rebecca Wirfs-Brock, she has a piece of Java code found in her book titled, Object Design: Roles, Responsibilities, and Collaborations. Here is the quote Applying Double Dispatch to a Specific Problem To implement the game Rock, Paper, Scissors we need to write code that determines whether one object “beats” another. The game has nine possible outcomes based on the three kinds of objects. The number of interactions is the cross product of the kinds of objects. Case or switch statements are often governed by the type of data that is being operated on. The object-oriented language equivalent is to base its actions on the class of some other object. In Java, it looks like this Here is the piece of Java code on page 16 ' import java.util.*; import java.lang.*; public class Rock { public static void main(String args[]) { } public static boolean beats(GameObject object) { if (object.getClass.getName().equals("Rock")) { result = false; } else if (object.getClass.getName().equals("Paper")) { result = false; } else if(object.getClass.getName().equals("Scissors")) { result = true; } return result; } }' ===This is not a very good solution. First, the receiver needs to know too much about the argument. Second, there is one of these nested conditional statements in each of the three classes. If new kinds of objects could be added to the game, each of the three classes would have to be modified. Can anyone share with me how to get this "less than optimal" piece of code to work in order to see it 'working'. She proceeds to demonstrate a better way, but I will spare you. Thanks

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  • Exporting and reformatting data out of MS Excel

    - by Matt H
    I have a huge Excel spreadsheet containing telephone calling rates to a number of different countries. The format of the columns is: Country, RateLocality, Prefixes, Rate, Wholesale e.g. Afganistan, Default, 93;930;931;9321;9322;9323;9324;9325;9326;9327;9328;9329;9331;9332;9333;9334;9335;9336;9337;9338;9339;9341;9342;9343;9344;9345;9346;9347;9348;9349;9351;9352;9353;9354;9355;9356;9357;9358;9359;9361;9362;9363;9364;9365;9366;9367;9368;9369;9371;9372;9373;9374;9376;938;939; $ 1.023, $0.455 These rates change every so often and I need to get them into another system that can import them using CSV. The eventual format is: LD PREPEND CODE ie. 00 or 011,CountryCode,Area Code,Comment,Connect Cost,Included Seconds,Per Minute Cost,Pricelist,Increment So to convert that above line I'd have 00,"Afganistan",93,"Default",1.023,60,1.023,10 00,"Afganistan",931,"Default",1.023,60,1.023,10 ... 00,"Afganistan",939,"Default",1.023,60,1.023,10 Where 00, 60 and 10 are hard coded and merged with the other data from excel. How can I export this data into the required format given that I need to reformat it as it goes. Should I export to XML and use XSLT or some other process to massage the data into CSV? If that is the case, how do I do it simply and quickly.

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  • Legacy application creates dialogs in non-ui thread.

    - by Frater
    I've been working support for a while on a legacy application and I've noticed a bit of a problem. The system is an incredibly complex client/server with standard and custom frameworks. One of the custom frameworks built into the application involves validating workflow actions. It finds potential errors, separates them into warnings and errors, and passes the results back to the client. The main difference between warnings and errors is that warnings ask the user if they wish to ignore the error. The issue I have is that the dialog for this prompt is created on a non-ui thread, and thus we get cross-threading issues when the dialog is shown. I have attempted to invoke the showing of the dialog, however this fails because the window handle has not been created. (InvokeRequired returns false, which I assume in this case means it cannot find a decent handle in its parent tree, rather than that it doesn't require it.) Does anyone have any suggestions for how I can create this dialog and get the UI thread to set it up and call it?

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  • No event is firing when placing a custom data bound control in DataRepeater control in Windows forms

    - by Remo
    Hi, Custom events in a custom data bound control are not firing in DataRepeater control. When I debug it I found that the DataRepeater Control recreates the control using Activator.CreateInstance and Copies the Properties and Events. In my case copying events doesn't copy the custom events that I hooked in. For example public class MyClass : Control { public event EventHandler MyEvent; protected virtual void OnMyEvent() { if(this.MyEvent != null) { this.MyEvent(this,EventArgs.Empty); } } private int selectedIndex= -1; public int SelectedIndex { get { return this.selectedIndex; } set { if(this.selectedIndex != value) { this.selectedIndex = value; this.OnMyEvent(); } } } // // DataBinding stuff goes here // } public Form1() { InitialiseComponent(); ArrayList list = new ArrayList(); list.Add("one"); this.dataRepeater1.DataSource = list; // One Repeater MyClass test = new Myclass(); test.DataSource = GetDataTable(); this.dataRepeater1.ItemTemplate.Controls.Add(test); test.MyEvent +=new EventHandler(test_MyEvent); } // This Event should fire when selected index of Datatable is changed and is firing when placed directly in the form and not firing when place in DataRepeater control/////////////////////// private void test_MyEvent(object sender, EventArgss e) { // This event is not fired/////////////////////// } private DataTable GetDataTable() { ..// Create a data Table and return } Any help Appreciated. Thanks,

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  • Using complex where clause in NHibernate mapping layer

    - by JLevett
    I've used where clauses previously in the mapping layer to prevent certain records from ever getting into my application at the lowest level possible. (Mainly to prevent having to re-write lots of lines of code to filter out the unwanted records) These have been simple, one column queries, like so this.Where("Invisible = 0"); However a scenario has appeared which requires the use of an exists sql query. exists (select ep_.Id from [Warehouse].[dbo].EventPart ep_ where Id = ep_.EventId and ep_.DataType = 4 In the above case I would usually reference the parent table Event with a short name, i.e. event_.Id however as Nhibernate generates these short names dynamically it's impossible to know what it's going to be. So instead I tried using just Id, from above ep_ where Id = ep_.EventId When the code is run, because of the dynamic short names the EventPart table short name ep_ is has another short name prefixed to it, event0_.ep_ where event0_ refers to the parent table. This causes an SQL error because of the . in between event0_ and ep_ So in my EventMap I have the following this.Where("(exists (select ep_.Id from [isnapshot.Warehouse].[dbo].EventPart ep_ where Id = ep_.EventId and ep_.DataType = 4)"); but when it's generated it creates this select cast(count(*) as INT) as col_0_0_ from [isnapshot.Warehouse].[dbo].Event event0_ where (exists (select ep_.Id from [isnapshot.Warehouse].[dbo].EventPart event0_.ep_ where event0_.Id = ep_.EventId and ep_.DataType = 4) It has correctly added the event0_ to the Id Was the mapping layer where clause built to handle this and if so where am I going wrong?

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  • Javascript document.open asynchronous?

    - by Alex Schneider
    So on my site there is a Javascript function that will load a new site from the server via XMLHttpRequest. After that it replaces the current page with the new one: var post = new XMLHttpRequest(); post.open('POST', data); post.onload = function() { var do = document.open("text/html", "replace"); do.write(post.responseText); do.close(); goOn(); } function goOn() { console.log($('img:visible')); } Some could assume that after do.close() the document has changed and is ready. But it is not, e.g. if i load very much/big data/responseText the function goOn() only logs an empty result. Obviously goOn() gets in that case called before the DOM is ready to be read! Unfortunately the is no "ready" event fired after write() finished.... How can i be sure it is finished? /EDIT: goOn() logs this to Chrome Console: [prevObject: p.fn.p.init[1], context: #document, selector: "img:visible"] context: #document length: 0 prevObject: p.fn.p.init[1] selector: "img:visible" __proto__: Object[0] But if i right after that type $('img:visible') into console manually it shows me all images....

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  • Concrete examples of state sharing between multiple viewmodels (WPF MVVM)

    - by JohnMetta
    I have a WPF/Entity Framework (4.0) project with many objects. I'd like to build the application so that that I can have object selection state shared across viewmodels. For Example: We have Cars, Drivers, Passengers, and Cargo classes. We also have UserControls for CarList, DriverList, etc. and editor windows for CarEditor, DriverEditor, etc. Furthermore, we have viewmodels for all of these (CarListViewModel, DriverListViewModel, CargoEditorViewModel, etc). This all composes a dockable interface where the user can have multiple object lists, editors, and viewers open. What I want is a concrete code example of how to wireup multiple viewmodels so that selecting a car in the CarList will cause that car to go live in the CarEditorView, but also be selected in any other view for which the context is valid (such as a DriverByCarView- or just DriverList if there is a filter predicate). There are a number of suggestions and discussions based on this question. The two methods that seem to dominate are: 3018307: Discusses state sharing by mentioning a messaging subsystem 1159035: Discusses state sharing by using an enclosing viewmodel Is one of these approaches better than the other? Does anyone have a concrete example of either/both of these methods in the form of a write-up or small code project? I'm still learning WPF, so pointers to entry points for reading API fundamentals are appreciated, but looking at code examples is where I usually go. Thanks In case anyone is interested, here are some other similar discussions: 3816961: Discusses returning multiple viewmodels depending on object type (i.e. a collection of arbitrary types adhering to a specific interface) 1928130: Discusses whether it is a good idea to aggregate viewmodels as properties of other viewmodels (e.g. a MainWindow viewmodel composed of panel viewmodels) 1120061: Essentially discusses whether to have use a viewmodel-per-model strategy or a viewmodel-per-view-element strategy. 4244222: Discusses whether or not to nest the viewmodels when using a nested object hierarchy. 4429708: Discusses sharing collections between viewmodels directly, but doesn't go into detail. List item: Discusses managing multiple selections within a single viewmodel.

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  • File IO with Streams - Best Memory Buffer Size

    - by AJ
    I am writing a small IO library to assist with a larger (hobby) project. A part of this library performs various functions on a file, which is read / written via the FileStream object. On each StreamReader.Read(...) pass, I fire off an event which will be used in the main app to display progress information. The processing that goes on in the loop is vaired, but is not too time consuming (it could just be a simple file copy, for example, or may involve encryption...). My main question is: What is the best memory buffer size to use? Thinking about physical disk layouts, I could pick 2k, which would cover a CD sector size and is a nice multiple of a 512 byte hard disk sector. Higher up the abstraction tree, you could go for a larger buffer which could read an entire FAT cluster at a time. I realise with today's PC's, I could go for a more memory hungry option (a couple of MiB, for example), but then I increase the time between UI updates and the user perceives a less responsive app. As an aside, I'm eventually hoping to provide a similar interface to files hosted on FTP / HTTP servers (over a local network / fastish DSL). What would be the best memory buffer size for those (again, a "best-case" tradeoff between perceived responsiveness vs. performance).

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  • Why I can't get all UDP packets?

    - by Jack
    My program use UdpClient to try to receive 27 responses from 27 hosts. The size of the response is 10KB. My broadband incoming bandwidth is 150KB/s. The 27 responses are sent from the hosts almost at the same time and for every 10 secs. However, I can only receive 8 - 17 responses each time. The number of responses that I can receive is quite dynamic but within the range. Can anyone tell me why? why can't I receive all? I understand UDP is not reliable. but I tried receiving 5 - 10 responses at the same time, it worked. I guess the network links are not so bad. The code is very simple. ON the 27 hosts, I just use UdpClient to send 10KB to my machine. On my machine, I have one UdpClient receive datagrams. Each time I get a data, I create a thread to handle it (basically handling it means just print out "I received 10KB", but it runs in a thread). listener = new UDPListener(Port); listener.Start(); while (true) { try { UDPContext context = listener.Accept(); ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(new WaitCallback(HandleMessage), context); } catch (Exception) { } } If I reduce the size of the response down to 3KB, the case gets much better that roughly 25 responses can be received. Any more idea? UDP buffer problems???

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  • Facebook and rtl

    - by Benni
    Is there any good way to display rtl based languages (in this case Hebrew) in facbook? As soon as I include a page in rtl formating facebook it gives displays it ltr and usually aligned right. What definetly works is when I use dir="rtl" in the code. But then the fbml tag come out the other way round. And when I try to publish a stream it is not displayed correctly. Is there any support for rtl in facebook? Here is the code: $message = "?????? ??? ?? ???? - ??? ??? ????? .\""; $attachment = array( 'name' => '???? ?? ???? - ?? ??? ??? ?????', 'href' => 'http://apps.facebook.com/igodtest/', 'caption' => '{*actor*} took the Quiz!', 'description' => 'Take the Quiz yourself!', 'media' => array(array('type' => 'image', 'src' => '', 'href' => ''))); $action_links = array(array('text' => '', 'href' => '')); $attachment = json_encode($attachment); $action_links = json_encode($action_links); $facebook->api_client->stream_publish($message,$attachment,$action_links);

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  • "Function object is unsubscriptable" in basic integer to string mapping function

    - by IanWhalen
    I'm trying to write a function to return the word string of any number less than 1000. Everytime I run my code at the interactive prompt it appears to work without issue but when I try to import wordify and run it with a test number higher than 20 it fails as "TypeError: 'function' object is unsubscriptable". Based on the error message, it seems the issue is when it tries to index numString (for example trying to extract the number 4 out of the test case of n = 24) and the compiler thinks numString is a function instead of a string. since the first line of the function is me defining numString as a string of the variable n, I'm not really sure why that is. Any help in getting around this error, or even just help in explaining why I'm seeing it, would be awesome. def wordify(n): # Convert n to a string to parse out ones, tens and hundreds later. numString = str(n) # N less than 20 is hard-coded. if n < 21: return numToWordMap(n) # N between 21 and 99 parses ones and tens then concatenates. elif n < 100: onesNum = numString[-1] ones = numToWordMap(int(onesNum)) tensNum = numString[-2] tens = numToWordMap(int(tensNum)*10) return tens+ones else: # TODO pass def numToWordMap(num): mapping = { 0:"", 1:"one", 2:"two", 3:"three", 4:"four", 5:"five", 6:"six", 7:"seven", 8:"eight", 9:"nine", 10:"ten", 11:"eleven", 12:"twelve", 13:"thirteen", 14:"fourteen", 15:"fifteen", 16:"sixteen", 17:"seventeen", 18:"eighteen", 19:"nineteen", 20:"twenty", 30:"thirty", 40:"fourty", 50:"fifty", 60:"sixty", 70:"seventy", 80:"eighty", 90:"ninety", 100:"onehundred", 200:"twohundred", 300:"threehundred", 400:"fourhundred", 500:"fivehundred", 600:"sixhundred", 700:"sevenhundred", 800:"eighthundred", 900:"ninehundred", } return mapping[num] if __name__ == '__main__': pass

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  • xpath query to find parent tag

    - by cru3l
    for example, i have this xml <elements> <a> <b>6</b> <b>5</b> <b>6</b> </a> <a> <b>5</b> <b>5</b> <b>6</b> </a> <a> <b>5</b> <b>5</b> <b>5</b> <b>5</b> </a> </elements> i need a xpath query, which must return me parent tag, only if all its children are equal to 5 (a[3] in this case). Something like that //b[text()="5"]/.. but with check of all children's tags. Please note that number of children tags can be different from node to node. It's possible with only xpath query? thanks

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  • Implicit conversion between Scala collection types

    - by ebruchez
    I would like to implicitly convert between the Scala XML Elem object and another representation of an XML element, in my case dom4j Element. I wrote the following implicit conversions: implicit def elemToElement(e: Elem): Element = ... do conversion here ... implicit def elementToElem(e: Element): Elem = ... do conversion here ... So far so good, this works. Now I also need collections of said elements to convert both ways. First, do I absolutely need to write additional conversion methods? Things didn't seem to work if I didn't. I tried to write the following: implicit def elemTToElementT(t: Traversable[Elem]) = t map (elemToElement(_)) implicit def elementTToElemT(t: Traversable[Element]) = t map (elementToElem(_)) This doesn't look too ideal because if the conversion method takes a Traversable, then it also returns a Traversable. If I pass a List, I also get a Traversable out. So I assume the conversion should be parametrized somehow. So what's the standard way of writing these conversions in order to be as generic as possible?

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  • Java convert time format to integer or long

    - by behrk2
    Hello, I'm wondering what the best method is to convert a time string in the format of 00:00:00 to an integer or a long? My ultimate goal is to be able to convert a bunch of string times to integers/longs, add them to an array, and find the most recent time in the array... I'd appreciate any help, thanks! Ok, based on the answers, I have decided to go ahead and compare the strings directly. However, I am having some trouble. It is possible to have more than one "most recent" time, that is, if two times are equal. If that is the case, I want to add the index of both of those times to an ArrayList. Here is my current code: days[0] = "15:00:00"; days[1] = "17:00:00"; days[2] = "18:00:00"; days[3] = "19:00:00"; days[4] = "19:00:00"; days[5] = "15:00:00"; days[6] = "13:00:00"; ArrayList<Integer> indexes = new ArrayList<Integer>(); String curMax = days[0]; for (int x = 1; x < days.length1; x++) { if (days[x].compareTo(curMax) > 0) { curMax = days[x]; indexes.add(x); System.out.println("INDEX OF THE LARGEST VALUE: " + x); } } However, this is adding index 1, 2, and 3 to the ArrayList... Can anyone help me?

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  • Parsing CSS by regex

    - by Ross
    I'm creating a CSS editor and am trying to create a regular expression that can get data from a CSS document. This regex works if I have one property but I can't get it to work for all properties. I'm using preg/perl syntax in PHP. Regex (?<selector>[A-Za-z]+[\s]*)[\s]*{[\s]*((?<properties>[A-Za-z0-9-_]+)[\s]*:[\s]*(?<values>[A-Za-z0-9#, ]+);[\s]*)*[\s]*} Test case body { background: #f00; font: 12px Arial; } Expected Outcome Array( [0] => Array( [0] => body { background: #f00; font: 12px Arial; } [selector] => Array( [0] => body ) [1] => Array( [0] => body ) [2] => font: 12px Arial; [properties] => Array( [0] => font ) [3] => Array( [0] => font ) [values] => Array( [0] => 12px Arial [1] => background: #f00 ) [4] => Array( [0] => 12px Arial [1] => background: #f00 ) ) ) Real Outcome Array( [0] => Array ( [0] => body { background: #f00; font: 12px Arial; } [selector] => body [1] => body [2] => font: 12px Arial; [properties] => font [3] => font [values] => 12px Arial [4] => 12px Arial ) ) Thanks in advance for any help - this has been confusing me all afternoon!

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  • Implemeting web-based autocomplete for structured input

    - by ravigad
    I am looking to implement web-based autocomplete for structured commands. So, for example, suppose I was trying to implement a web-based Windows command line with autocomplete, in such a case I would want to suggest all the available commands, then, once a user selects a command, all the options for that command, then if a user enters a switch (say '-' dash or '/' slash) then offer all the switches for that command and all the relevant values that can follow, and so on. All from the same text input box. If you have used version 4.0 of JIRA, I am thinking of something similar to the JQL search input box that they have implemented. I have not managed to find any tutorials that look at this scenario end-to-end (which is a shame, because it would be great to see more applications that do this). What I am looking for is some guidance on the steps needed to implement this solution: Do you have any experience implementing such a solution and if so what components did you use? Would you use a framework such as ANTLR to provide the available options to the end user? If not what would do? Sorry for raising such a general question, but my main problem is working out how the pieces fit together as opposed to, say, how to do autocomplete or how to parse/tokenize an input command...

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  • select2: "text is undefined" when getting json using ajax

    - by user3046715
    I'm having an issue when getting json results back to select2. My json does not return a result that has a "text" field so need to format the result so that select2 accepts "Name". This code works if the text field in the json is set to "text" but in this case, I cannot change the formatting of the json result (code outside my control). $("#e1").select2({ formatNoMatches: function(term) {return term +" does not match any items." }, ajax: { // instead of writing the function to execute the request we use Select2's convenient helper url: "localhost:1111/Items.json", dataType: 'jsonp', cache: true, quietMillis: 200, data: function (term, page) { return { q: term, // search term p: page, s: 15 }; }, results: function (data, page) { // parse the results into the format expected by Select2. var numPages = Math.ceil(data.total / 15); return {results: data.Data, numPages: numPages}; } } }); I have looked into the documentation and found some statements you can put into the results such as text: 'Name', but I am still getting "text is undefined". Thanks for any help.

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  • Immutability and shared references - how to reconcile?

    - by davetron5000
    Consider this simplified application domain: Criminal Investigative database Person is anyone involved in an investigation Report is a bit of info that is part of an investigation A Report references a primary Person (the subject of an investigation) A Report has accomplices who are secondarily related (and could certainly be primary in other investigations or reports These classes have ids that are used to store them in a database, since their info can change over time (e.g. we might find new aliases for a person, or add persons of interest to a report) If these are stored in some sort of database and I wish to use immutable objects, there seems to be an issue regarding state and referencing. Supposing that I change some meta-data about a Person. Since my Person objects immutable, I might have some code like: class Person( val id:UUID, val aliases:List[String], val reports:List[Report]) { def addAlias(name:String) = new Person(id,name :: aliases,reports) } So that my Person with a new alias becomes a new object, also immutable. If a Report refers to that person, but the alias was changed elsewhere in the system, my Report now refers to the "old" person, i.e. the person without the new alias. Similarly, I might have: class Report(val id:UUID, val content:String) { /** Adding more info to our report */ def updateContent(newContent:String) = new Report(id,newContent) } Since these objects don't know who refers to them, it's not clear to me how to let all the "referrers" know that there is a new object available representing the most recent state. This could be done by having all objects "refresh" from a central data store and all operations that create new, updated, objects store to the central data store, but this feels like a cheesy reimplementation of the underlying language's referencing. i.e. it would be more clear to just make these "secondary storable objects" mutable. So, if I add an alias to a Person, all referrers see the new value without doing anything. How is this dealt with when we want to avoid mutability, or is this a case where immutability is not helpful?

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  • PHP Object Creation and Memory Usage

    - by JohnO
    A basic dummy class: class foo { var $bar = 0; function foo() {} function boo() {} } echo memory_get_usage(); echo "\n"; $foo = new foo(); echo memory_get_usage(); echo "\n"; unset($foo); echo memory_get_usage(); echo "\n"; $foo = null; echo memory_get_usage(); echo "\n"; Outputs: $ php test.php 353672 353792 353792 353792 Now, I know that PHP docs say that memory won't be freed until it is needed (hitting the ceiling). However, I wrote this up as a small test, because I've got a much longer task, using a much bigger object, with many instances of that object. And the memory just climbs, eventually running out and stopping execution. Even though these large objects do take up memory, since I destroy them after I'm done with each one (serially), it should not run out of memory (unless a single object exhausts the entire space for memory, which is not the case). Thoughts?

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  • SQL Group by Minute- Expanded

    - by Barnie
    I am working on something similar to this post here: TS SQL - group by minute However mine is pulling from an message queue, and I need to see an accurate count of the amount of traffic the Message Queue is creating/ sending, and at what time Select * From MessageQueue mq My expanded version of this though is the following: A) User defines a start time and an end time (Easy enough using Declare's @StartTime and @EndTime B) Give the user the option of choosing the "grouping". Will it be broken out by 1 minutes, 5 minutes, 15 minutes, or 30 minutes (Max). (I had thought to do this with a CASE statement, but my test problems fall apart on me.) C) Display the data to accurately show a count of what happened during the interval (Grouping) selected. This is where I am at so far SQL Blob: DECLARE @StartTime datetime DECLARE @EndTime datetime SELECT DATEPART(n, mq.cre_date)/5 as Time --Trying to just sort by 5 minute intervals ,CONVERT(VARCHAR(10),mq.Cre_Date,101) ,COUNT(*) as results FROM dbo.MessageQueue mq WHERE mq.cre_date BETWEEN @StartDate AND @EndDate GROUP BY DATEPART(n, mq.cre_date)/5 --Trying to just sort by 5 minute intervals , eq.Cre_Date This is the output I would like to achieve: [Time] [Date] [Message Count] 1300 06/26/2012 5 1305 06/26/2012 1 1310 06/26/2012 100

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  • Entity Framework Validation & usage

    - by kmsellers
    I'm aware there is an AssociationChanged event, however, this event fires after the association is made. There is no AssociationChanging event. So, if I want to throw an exception for some validation reason, how do I do this and get back to my original value? Also, I would like to default values for my entity based on information from other entities but do this only when I know the entitiy is instanced for insertion into the database. How do I tell the difference between that and the object getting instanced because it is about to be populated based on existing data? Am I supposed to know? Is that considiered business logic that should be outside of my entity business logic? If that's the case, then should I be designing controller classes to wrap all these entities? My concern is that if I deliver back an entity, I want the client to get access to the properties, but I want to retain tight control over validations on how they are set, defaulted, etc. Every example I've seen references context, which is outside of my enity partial class validation, right? BTW, I looked at the EFPocoAdapter and for the life of me cannot determine how to populate lists of from within my POCO class... anyone know how I get to the context from a EFPoco Class?

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  • Delphi: EInvalidOp in neural network class (TD-lambda)

    - by user89818
    I have the following draft for a neural network class. This neural network should learn with TD-lambda. It is started by calling the getRating() function. But unfortunately, there is an EInvalidOp (invalid floading point operation) error after about 1000 iterations in the following lines: neuronsHidden[j] := neuronsHidden[j]+neuronsInput[t][i]*weightsInput[i][j]; // input -> hidden weightsHidden[j][k] := weightsHidden[j][k]+LEARNING_RATE_HIDDEN*tdError[k]*eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k]; // adjust hidden->output weights according to TD-lambda Why is this error? I can't find the mistake in my code :( Can you help me? Thank you very much in advance! unit uNeuronalesNetz; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, ExtCtrls, StdCtrls, Grids, Menus, Math; const NEURONS_INPUT = 43; // number of neurons in the input layer NEURONS_HIDDEN = 60; // number of neurons in the hidden layer NEURONS_OUTPUT = 1; // number of neurons in the output layer NEURONS_TOTAL = NEURONS_INPUT+NEURONS_HIDDEN+NEURONS_OUTPUT; // total number of neurons in the network MAX_TIMESTEPS = 42; // maximum number of timesteps possible (after 42 moves: board is full) LEARNING_RATE_INPUT = 0.25; // in ideal case: decrease gradually in course of training LEARNING_RATE_HIDDEN = 0.15; // in ideal case: decrease gradually in course of training GAMMA = 0.9; LAMBDA = 0.7; // decay parameter for eligibility traces type TFeatureVector = Array[1..43] of SmallInt; // definition of the array type TFeatureVector TArtificialNeuralNetwork = class // definition of the class TArtificialNeuralNetwork private // GENERAL SETTINGS START learningMode: Boolean; // does the network learn and change its weights? // GENERAL SETTINGS END // NETWORK CONFIGURATION START neuronsInput: Array[1..MAX_TIMESTEPS] of Array[1..NEURONS_INPUT] of Extended; // array of all input neurons (their values) for every timestep neuronsHidden: Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Extended; // array of all hidden neurons (their values) neuronsOutput: Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // array of output neurons (their values) weightsInput: Array[1..NEURONS_INPUT] of Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Extended; // array of weights: input->hidden weightsHidden: Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // array of weights: hidden->output // NETWORK CONFIGURATION END // LEARNING SETTINGS START outputBefore: Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // the network's output value in the last timestep (the one before) eligibilityTraceHidden: Array[1..NEURONS_INPUT] of Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // array of eligibility traces: hidden layer eligibilityTraceOutput: Array[1..NEURONS_TOTAL] of Array[1..NEURONS_TOTAL] of Extended; // array of eligibility traces: output layer reward: Array[1..MAX_TIMESTEPS] of Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // the reward value for all output neurons in every timestep tdError: Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // the network's error value for every single output neuron t: Byte; // current timestep cyclesTrained: Integer; // number of cycles trained so far (learning rates could be decreased accordingly) last50errors: Array[1..50] of Extended; // LEARNING SETTINGS END public constructor Create; // create the network object and do the initialization procedure UpdateEligibilityTraces; // update the eligibility traces for the hidden and output layer procedure tdLearning; // learning algorithm: adjust the network's weights procedure ForwardPropagation; // propagate the input values through the network to the output layer function getRating(state: TFeatureVector; explorative: Boolean): Extended; // get the rating for a given state (feature vector) function HyperbolicTangent(x: Extended): Extended; // calculate the hyperbolic tangent [-1;1] procedure StartNewCycle; // start a new cycle with everything set to default except for the weights procedure setLearningMode(activated: Boolean=TRUE); // switch the learning mode on/off procedure setInputs(state: TFeatureVector); // transfer the given feature vector to the input layer (set input neurons' values) procedure setReward(currentReward: SmallInt); // set the reward for the current timestep (with learning then or without) procedure nextTimeStep; // increase timestep t function getCyclesTrained(): Integer; // get the number of cycles trained so far procedure Visualize(imgHidden: Pointer); // visualize the neural network's hidden layer end; implementation procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.UpdateEligibilityTraces; var i, j, k: Integer; begin // how worthy is a weight to be adjusted? for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k] := LAMBDA*eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k]+(neuronsOutput[k]*(1-neuronsOutput[k]))*neuronsHidden[j]; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k] := LAMBDA*eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k]+(neuronsOutput[k]*(1-neuronsOutput[k]))*weightsHidden[j][k]*neuronsHidden[j]*(1-neuronsHidden[j])*neuronsInput[t][i]; end; end; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.setReward; VAR i: Integer; begin for i := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin // +1 = player A wins // 0 = draw // -1 = player B wins reward[t][i] := currentReward; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.tdLearning; var i, j, k: Integer; begin if learningMode then begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin if reward[t][k] = 0 then begin tdError[k] := GAMMA*neuronsOutput[k]-outputBefore[k]; // network's error value when reward is 0 end else begin tdError[k] := reward[t][k]-outputBefore[k]; // network's error value in the final state (reward received) end; for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin weightsHidden[j][k] := weightsHidden[j][k]+LEARNING_RATE_HIDDEN*tdError[k]*eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k]; // adjust hidden->output weights according to TD-lambda for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin weightsInput[i][j] := weightsInput[i][j]+LEARNING_RATE_INPUT*tdError[k]*eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k]; // adjust input->hidden weights according to TD-lambda end; end; end; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.ForwardPropagation; var i, j, k: Integer; begin for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin neuronsHidden[j] := 0; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin neuronsHidden[j] := neuronsHidden[j]+neuronsInput[t][i]*weightsInput[i][j]; // input -> hidden end; neuronsHidden[j] := HyperbolicTangent(neuronsHidden[j]); // activation of hidden neuron j end; for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin neuronsOutput[k] := 0; for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin neuronsOutput[k] := neuronsOutput[k]+neuronsHidden[j]*weightsHidden[j][k]; // hidden -> output end; neuronsOutput[k] := HyperbolicTangent(neuronsOutput[k]); // activation of output neuron k end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.setLearningMode; begin learningMode := activated; end; constructor TArtificialNeuralNetwork.Create; var i, j, k: Integer; begin inherited Create; Randomize; // initialize random numbers generator learningMode := TRUE; cyclesTrained := -2; // only set to -2 because it will be increased twice in the beginning StartNewCycle; for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin weightsHidden[j][k] := abs(Random-0.5); // initialize weights: 0 <= random < 0.5 end; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin weightsInput[i][j] := abs(Random-0.5); // initialize weights: 0 <= random < 0.5 end; end; for i := 1 to 50 do begin last50errors[i] := 0; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.nextTimeStep; begin t := t+1; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.StartNewCycle; var i, j, k, m: Integer; begin t := 1; // start in timestep 1 cyclesTrained := cyclesTrained+1; // increase the number of cycles trained so far for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin neuronsHidden[j] := 0; for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k] := 0; outputBefore[k] := 0; neuronsOutput[k] := 0; for m := 1 to MAX_TIMESTEPS do begin reward[m][k] := 0; end; end; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k] := 0; end; end; end; end; function TArtificialNeuralNetwork.getCyclesTrained; begin result := cyclesTrained; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.setInputs; var k: Integer; begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin neuronsInput[t][k] := state[k]; end; end; function TArtificialNeuralNetwork.getRating; begin setInputs(state); ForwardPropagation; result := neuronsOutput[1]; if not explorative then begin tdLearning; // adjust the weights according to TD-lambda ForwardPropagation; // calculate the network's output again outputBefore[1] := neuronsOutput[1]; // set outputBefore which will then be used in the next timestep UpdateEligibilityTraces; // update the eligibility traces for the next timestep nextTimeStep; // go to the next timestep end; end; function TArtificialNeuralNetwork.HyperbolicTangent; begin if x > 5500 then // prevent overflow result := 1 else result := (Exp(2*x)-1)/(Exp(2*x)+1); end; end.

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