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  • Windows 7 boot issues

    - by Michael
    Ok, I tried to install linux and dual boot my laptop with 7 ultimate. I messed up. When I tried to boot to 7 it said no. Something along the lines of device not found. So I being young and stupid I uninstalled linux which I could boot into, and I still could not boot to windows. Next step was to run the startup fixes from the boot cd. Swing and a miss, I also ran the fixmbr and fixboot. Which brings us up to my current place. I installed 7 again on my blank partition in hopes I could access my other partion. No dice. So my question to yall is how can I fix my original filesystem or at least get to the stuff on it. In the new 7 install the old partion does not even have a drive letter. That is my sad story any help would be apreciated.

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  • Linux And NTFS Permissions

    - by VGE IT
    Trying to restrict a folder within a directory created in linux filesystem. I have changed the permissions to: root rwx, a special active directory group rwx and all others r. Upon doing so, people that are not in the special AD group can access the directory and modify files. Upon doing so the group changes to "Domain Users" when the user modifies documents within the directory. I have to manualy change the documents default group back to my AD group. I have tried to create another AD group and modify permissons to deny write access. When doing so through windows explorer, the settings seem to take affect until I go back in a look at permissions for the restricted group. No permissions show when I view for the second time. Please assist. Samba share properties [MyShare] comment = "blah blah blah" browseable = yes guest ok = no read only = no path = /xxx/xxxxx/ create mask = 0640 directory mask = 0750 admin users = @"domain\Domain Admins", @"domain\group A", @"domain\group B" valid users = @"domain\Domain Admins", @"domain\group A", @"domain\group B" nt acl support = Yes inherit acls = yes inherit owner = yes inherit permissions = yes

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  • What is easiest no fail way to publish asp.net app?

    - by Maestro1024
    What is easiest no fail way to publish asp.net app? Sorry a bit of an open ended question but I am having issues deploying an asp.net report project and any solution to get the site up is fine. I am running Win7/SQL 2008 and want to publish a asp.net report site that I created in VS 2008. Website launches when I run in debug in Visual studio but I want to publish the site so that it can be seen on the LAN. I published the files off to a folder and started up the IIS manager and added a new site and pointed to that folder. Set the permission on the folder to share to everyone. However when I go to the DNS name I put in for the website it does not launch. Any ideas on this? I see websites out there talking about a web sharing tab on the folder properties but I do not see that when I go to folders. Why might that be? Another avenue I have not pursued yet is publishing directly to a website. Has anyone tried that? Is that better or worse than publishing to filesystem?

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  • File system concepts (df command)

    - by mkab
    I'm finding it difficult to understand some stuffs about the df command. Suppose I type df and I have the following output Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on /dev/da0s1 some number some number number percentage /win /dev/da0s2 some number some number number percentage /win/home /dev/da0s3a some number some number number percentage / devfs some number some number number percentage /dev /dev/da0s3g some number some number number percentage /local /dev/da0s3h some number some number -number 102% /reste /dev/da0s3d some number some number number percentage /tmp /dev/da1s3f some number some number number percentage /usr /dev/da1s3e some number some number number percentage /var /dev/da1s1a some number some number number percentage /public Are the answers to the following questions correct? How many physical drives do I have? Ans: 2. da0s1 and da1s1 How many physical partitions on each disk? Ans: 8 for da0s1 and 1 for da1s1 How many BSD partition on each physical partition Ans: Impossible to determine. We have to use the -T to determine its type How is it possible for the file system /dev/da0s3h filled at 102%? And where is this overflowed data written?Ans: I have no idea for this one Thanks.

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  • bind9 named.conf zones size limit

    - by mox601
    I am trying to set up a test environment on my local machine, and I am trying to start a DNS daemon that loads tha configuration from a named.conf.custom file. As long as the size of that file is like 3-4 zones, the bind9 daemon loads fine, but when i enter the config file i need (like 10000 lines long), bind can't startup and in the syslog i find this message: starting BIND 9.7.0-P1 -u bind Jun 14 17:06:06 cibionte-pc named[9785]: built with '--prefix=/usr' '--mandir=/usr/share/man' '--infodir=/usr/share/info' '--sysconfdir=/etc/bind' '--localstatedir=/var' '--enable-threads' '--enable-largefile' '--with-libtool' '--enable-shared' '--enable-static' '--with-openssl=/usr' '--with-gssapi=/usr' '--with-gnu-ld' '--with-dlz-postgres=no' '--with-dlz-mysql=no' '--with-dlz-bdb=yes' '--with-dlz-filesystem=yes' '--with-dlz-ldap=yes' '--with-dlz-stub=yes' '--with-geoip=/usr' '--enable-ipv6' 'CFLAGS=-fno-strict-aliasing -DDIG_SIGCHASE -O2' 'LDFLAGS=-Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions' 'CPPFLAGS=' Jun 14 17:06:06 cibionte-pc named[9785]: adjusted limit on open files from 1024 to 1048576 Jun 14 17:06:06 cibionte-pc named[9785]: found 1 CPU, using 1 worker thread Jun 14 17:06:06 cibionte-pc named[9785]: using up to 4096 sockets Jun 14 17:06:06 cibionte-pc named[9785]: loading configuration from '/etc/bind/named.conf' Jun 14 17:06:06 cibionte-pc named[9785]: /etc/bind/named.conf.saferinternet:1: unknown option 'zone' Jun 14 17:06:06 cibionte-pc named[9785]: loading configuration: failure Jun 14 17:06:06 cibionte-pc named[9785]: exiting (due to fatal error) Are there any limits on the file size bind9 is allowed to load?

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  • MD RAID 1 with external bitmap doesn't fully resync

    - by user64744
    I have an interesting configuration: dual boot system with a RAID 1 that needs to be visible in both Windows and Linux. The Windows install is Win 7 Enterprise, and the Linux install is Kubuntu 10.04. To get the RAID to work, I set it up using Windows's "Dynamic Disks" RAID 1, and brought it up in Linux using MD with no persistent superblock, and a write-intent bitmap on another partition. (Without this bitmap, MD had no way of knowing that the array was in sync, and would do a complete resync every time the array started.) The array is assembled like so: mdadm --build /dev/md1 -l 1 -n 2 -b /var/local/md1.bitmap /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc2 I expected that the first time I ran this command, it would resync the array, write out a bitmap with no dirty chunks, and all would be good. This wasn't the case: after completing the resync, the bitmap was mostly clean, but about 5% dirty blocks remained, as revealed by mdadm -X /var/local/md1.bitmap I didn't mount the filesystem on /dev/md1 or touch it in any other way. I then found that stopping and restarting the array: mdadm --stop /dev/md1 mdadm --build /dev/md1 -l 1 -n 2 -b /var/local/md1.bitmap /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc2 did indeed read in the bitmap, with an ensuing resync that went quickly because most of the blocks were marked clean. The confusing part is that this resync further reduced the number of dirty blocks, but still did not remove all of them. By repeatedly stopping and restarting I could slowly bring the dirty block count down to around 0.6%, where it seemed to level out. Any ideas what could be causing this? It smells to me of a race condition somewhere that leads to blocks either being skipped over during synchronization or not properly cleared from the bitmap, but I really have no evidence to prove this. It doesn't look like hardware issues since both drives are new and have zero read errors and reallocated sectors reported by smartctl -a.

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  • Migrating away from LVM

    - by Kye
    I have an Ubuntu home media server setup with 4.5TB split across a few hard-drives (1x3TB, 2x1TB) and I'm using LVM2 to manage the volumes. I have recently added a 60GB SSD to my server, and I wish to use it to house the 'root' partition of my server (which is currently under the LVM group). I don't want to simply add it to the LVM volume group, because (afaik) there's no way to ensure that the SSD will be used for the root filesystem. If I just throw it at the VG, it may be used to house my media, which would defeat the purpose of having the SSD in the first place. I feel that my only solution is to somehow remove my root partition from the LVM setup and copy it across to the SSD. My boot partition is, of course, not part of the LVM group. My disk setup is as follows: 60GB SSD: EMPTY. 1TB HDD: /boot, LVM space. 1TB HDD: LVM space. 3TB HHD: LVM space. I have a few logical volumes. my root (/), a 'media' volume for my media collection, a backup one for my network backups.etc. Does anyone have any advice as to how to go about this? My end goal is to have the 60GB SSD used for my boot and root partitions, with everything else on the 3TB/1TB/1TB hard-drives.

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  • DAS vs SAN storage for serving 2 to 4 nodes

    - by Luke404
    We currently have 4 Linux nodes with local storage, arranged in two active/passive pairs with storage mirrored using DRBD, running virtual machines (actually using Xen Hypervisor) for typical hosting workloads (mail, web, a couple VPS, etc.). We're approaching the (presumed) maximum IOPS of those servers, and we're planning to migrate to an external storage solution with two active nodes, with capacity for up to four active nodes. Since we're an all-Dell shop I've done some research and found the MD3200 / MD3200i products should be the ones we're looking for. We are pretty sure we won't be attaching more than 4 hosts on a single storage and I'm wondering if there is any clear advantage for one or the other. In theory I should be able to attach 4 SAS hosts to a single MD3200 (single links on a single controller MD3200, or dual redundant SAS links from each host to a dual-controller MD3200), or 4 iSCSI hosts to a single MD3200i (directly on its 4 GigE ports without any switch, again with dual links for the dual controller option). Both setups should let us implement live VM migration since all hosts can access all the LUNs at the same time, and also some shared filesystem like GFS2 or OCFS2. Also, both setups should allow full redundancy of the whole system (assuming dual controllers in the storage). One difference I can see is that the DAS solution is actually limited to 4 hosts while the iSCSI one should be able to grow to more hosts (adding two GigE switches to the mix). One point for the iSCSI solution is that it would allow us to start out with our current nodes and upgrade them at a later time (we can't add other SAS controllers, but they already have 4 GigE ports each). With the right (iSCSI|SAS) controllers I should be able to connect diskless nodes and boot them off the external storage which I think is a good thing (get rid of any local storage). On the other hand, I would have thought the SAS one to be cheaper but it seems like an MD3200 actually costs a little less than an MD3200i (?) (please note: I've used Dell gear in my examples since that's what we're looking for but I assume the same goes with other vendors) I would like to know if my assumptions above are correct, and if I'm missing any important difference between the two setups.

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  • Create a partition table on a hardware RAID1 drive with [c]fdisk

    - by Lev Levitsky
    My question is, is there a reason for this not to work? Details: I have two 500 Gb drives, and my motherboard RAID support, so I created a RAID1 array and booted from a Linux live medium. I then listed the disks and, apart from the obvious /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, etc. there was /dev/md126 which, I figured, was the mirrored "virtual" drive. Its size was 475 Gb; I had seen that the size of the array would be smaller than 500 Gb when I was creating it, so no surprise there. I did cfdisk /dev/md126, created the necessary partitions and chose write. It's been about half an hour now, I think. It doesn't seem like it's ever going to finish. The only thing about cfdisk in dmesg is that it's "blocked for more than 120 seconds". Doing fdisk -l /dev/md126 in another terminal I see all three partitions I created and a note that "Partition 1 does not start on a physical sector boundary". The table is lost after reboot, though. I tried to partition /dev/sda individually, and it worked, the table was written in about a second. The "not on a physical sector boundary" message is there, too. EDIT: I tried fdisk on /dev/sda, then there were no messages about sector boundaries. After a reboot, I am able to use mkfs on /dev/dm126p1, etc. fdisk shows that /dev/md126 has the same partitions as /dev/sda (but /dev/sdb doesn't have any). But at some point ("writing superblock and filesystem accounting information") mkfs is also blocked. Using it on sda1 results in a "partition is used by the system" error. What can be the problem? EDIT 2: I booted a freshly updated system from a pendrive and was able to create partition table and filesystems on /dev/md126 without any apparent problems. Was it an issue with the support of the hardware? My MB is Asus P9X79.

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  • One USB flash drive to rule them all

    - by Chris
    Yesterday I purchased a 32GB USB flash drive. I have a myrid of systems in my home, and would like to have one flash drive with setup files for all the various systems throughout the house. I kept the Fat 32 filesystem on the drive, as I figured that is probably the most universal. I then made the partition bootable using fdisk. I then copied the Windows 7 setup files to the drive. I then installed grub 2 (1.98) onto the drive using backtrack 5. I was then able to load the windows 7 setup / install from the flash drive on an older BIOS type motherboard. Now I would like to know how to get this to work on my MacBook Pro 8,2 with still retaining support for legacy computers. Is this possible, or is this just a pipe dream. I plan on getting OS X on the drive, gparted, and OS X86 on the drive when all is said and done. I've done various google searches but really haven't found a guide on how to setup a swiss army usb flash drive.

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  • MicroSD card getting corrupted for no good reason

    - by ChaosR
    I recently bought an MicroSD card online. It's a Sandisk 16GB class 2. However, it has a nasty problem. Every time I fill it with my data, the fat tables get corrupted. I've tried reformatting it, blanking it, doesn't seem to solve the problem. I have tried windows and linux (ubuntu), both have the problem. I've used my usb microsd readers, and even tried putting it in my phone and putting data on it from there. All have this problem. Now the really odd thing is, besides the corrupted file tables, no programs can find anything wrong with the hardware. I've tried both chkdisk and "badblocks -w", neither give any type of error. Now I don't know if the actual data gets corrupted, or if its just filesystem tables. What happens is that one or more folders start showing a load of chinese-charred (random UTF8 symbols I suppose) folders and files, and it is impossible to do anything with those. All the other data (outside of the corrupted folders) seems fine. I've tried to test it, and the problem doesn't seem to show up until I fill the disk upto about 3~4GB. After that I can still access the data. But as soon as I eject/safely remove/unmount it, the bad things happen somehow. Next time I plug it in, the folders I most recently wrote to (but sometimes also the folders I wrote the time before last time to) are all gibberish. Does anybody have any clue what might be going on here? EDIT: It seems I can't even put ext3 or ext4 on it, they both complain about a corrupted journal. Gheh, guess something is really broken here.

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  • convert a logical partition to a primary partition

    - by ant2009
    Hello, Fedora 14 xfce I have the following partition setup. I would like to know how can I convert the logical partition sda6 to a primary partition. Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1707a8a5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1026048 205844479 102409216 83 Linux /dev/sda3 205844480 214228991 4192256 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda4 214228992 625141759 205456384 5 Extended /dev/sda5 214231040 573562879 179665920 83 Linux /dev/sda6 573564928 625141759 25788416 7 HPFS/NTFS Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 97G 5.0G 91G 6% / tmpfs 494M 176K 494M 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 485M 68M 392M 15% /boot /dev/sda5 169G 26G 135G 16% /home # partition table of /dev/sda unit: sectors /dev/sda1 : start= 2048, size= 1024000, Id=83 /dev/sda2 : start= 1026048, size=204818432, Id=83 /dev/sda3 : start=205844480, size= 8384512, Id=82 /dev/sda4 : start=214228992, size=410912768, Id= 5 /dev/sda5 : start=214231040, size=359331840, Id=83 /dev/sda6 : start=573564928, size= 51576832, Id= 7 I would like to convert sda6 to a primary partition, the reason for this it to install windows 7 starter. Many thanks for any suggestions,

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  • Can't write to samba share

    - by Tiddo
    I try to setup a samba file server, but whatever I do I can't get write access to work (reading works fine). This is my current situation: I have a local fileserver with 3 harddisks mounted at /mnt/share/disk<nr>. 2 of these use the ext4 filesystem, the third one is ntfs. This file server runs Fedora 18 32-bit. The root folders of these harddisks are owned by superman:superman, and testparm outputs the following: [global] workgroup = WORKGROUP netbios name = FILE_SERVER server string = Samba Server Version %v interfaces = lo, eth0, 192.168.123.191/8 log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m max log size = 50 unix extensions = No load printers = No idmap config * : backend = tdb hosts allow = 192.168.123. cups options = raw wide links = Yes [share] comment = Home Directories path = /home/share/ write list = superman, @users force user = superman read only = No create mask = 0777 directory mask = 0777 inherit permissions = Yes guest ok = Yes I've tried a lot to get this to work: the disk are chmodded to 777, I've tried turning off selinux, I've added the samba_share_t label to the disks and as can be seen in the above output I tried to make the smb config as permissive as I could, but still I cannot write to the share (tried from Windows 7 and another Fedora installation). What can I try to be able to write to the shares? EDIT: The replies I got so far are mostly concerned with the smb.conf. I have however tried a lot of different setup, ready made configs, and solutions to similar problems for the smb.conf file, so I suspect that the real problem is somewhere else.

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  • Why does this loopback device creation malfunction?

    - by user50118
    The stackoverflow people thought this was more appropriate here, I put it there as it is part of a program but I can see their POV, so here it is: At the bottom of the code you can see it failing. In fact, I'll put it here at the start too because it is the problem I need to solve: [350591.924819] EXT4-fs (loop0): bad geometry: block count 9750806 exceeds size of device (9750168 blocks) I don't understand why the device is supposedly too small. I made this partition two days ago with normal fdisk, it was created and formatted with ext4 supplying no options other than the partition (/dev/sdb2) to format. The only explaination I can think of is that ext4 has the size of the partition wrong somehow but that seems very unlikely. What is wrong with my math? The offset is correct, you can see that with the file command, and the size should be correct too because End - Start comes to the same number of sectors minus 1, just like it should (A disk starting on sector 1 and ending on sector 2 would be 2 - 1 = 1 and have two sectors). # sfdisk -luS /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 9729 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track Units = sectors of 512 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End #sectors Id System /dev/sdb2 78295040 156296384 78001345 83 Linux # losetup -r -f --show -o $((78295040 * 512)) --sizelimit $((78001345 * 512)) /dev/sdb /dev/loop0 # file -s /dev/loop0 /dev/loop0: Linux rev 1.0 ext4 filesystem data (needs journal recovery) (extents) (large files) (huge files) # mount -o ro -t ext4 /dev/loop0 /mnt mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/loop0, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so # dmesg | tail -n 1 [350591.924819] EXT4-fs (loop0): bad geometry: block count 9750806 exceeds size of device (9750168 blocks)

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  • How to make a Linux software RAID1 detect disc corruption?

    - by Paul
    This is one of the nightmare days: A virtualized server running on a Linux SW-RAID1 runs a VM that exhibits random segfaults in seemingly random codechunks. While debugging I find that a file gives different md5sums on each and every run. Digging deeper I find this: The raw disc partitions that make up the RAID1 mirror contain 2 bit-differences and ca. 9 sectors are completely empty on one disc and filled with data on the other disc. Obviously Linux gives back a sector from a undeterministically chosen disc of the mirror set. So sometimes the same sector is returned OK, sometimes the corrupted is given back. The docs say: RAID cannot and is not supposed to guard against data corruption on the media. Therefore, it doesn't make any sense either, to purposely corrupt data (using dd for example) on a disk to see how the RAID system will handle that. It is most likely (unless you corrupt the RAID superblock) that the RAID layer will never find out about the corruption, but your filesystem on the RAID device will be corrupted. Thanks. That will help me sleep. :-/ Is there a way to have Linux at least detect this corruption by using sector checksumming or something like that? Would this be detected in a RAID5 setup? Is this the moment I wish I used ZFS or btrfs (once it becomes usable without uber-admin capabilities)?

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  • Nginx wont send POST to fastcgi backend, but GET works fine?

    - by xyld
    Not sure why, but it is happy sending a GET to the fastcgi backend (Mercurial hgwebdir in this case), but simply resorts to the filesystem if the request is a POST. Relevant parts of nginx.conf: location / { root /var/www/htdocs/; index index.html; autoindex on; } location /hg { fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/hg-fastcgi.socket; include fastcgi_params; if ($request_uri ~ ^/hg([^?#]*)) { set $rewritten_uri $1; } limit_except GET { allow all; deny all; auth_basic "hg secured repos"; auth_basic_user_file /var/trac.htpasswd; } fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME "/hg"; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $rewritten_uri; # for authentication fastcgi_param AUTH_USER $remote_user; fastcgi_param REMOTE_USER $remote_user; #fastcgi_pass_header Authorization; #fastcgi_intercept_errors on; } GET's work fine, but POST delivers this error to the error_log: 2010/05/17 14:12:27 [error] 18736#0: *1601 open() "/usr/html/hg/test" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: XX.XX.XX.XX, server: domain.com, request: "POST /hg/test HTTP/1.1", host: "domain.com" What could possibly be the issue? I'm trying to allow read-only access via GET's to the page, but require authorization when using hg push to the same url which sends a POST request.

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  • Compiling linux kernel, how much size is needed?

    - by ant2009
    Hello, I am have downloaded the newest most stable linux kernel 2.6.33.2 I thought I would test this using virtualbox. So I create a dynamically sized harddisk of 4gb. And installed CentOS 5.3 with just the minimum packages. I setup the make menuconfig with just the default settings. After that I ran make and got the following error: net/bluetooth/hci_sysfs.o: final close failed: No space left on device make[2]: *** [net/bluetooth/hci_sysfs.o] Error 1 make[1]: *** [net/bluetooth] Error 2 make: *** [net] Error 2 The amount of space I have left is: # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 3.3G 3.3G 0 100% / /dev/hda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot tmpfs 125M 0 125M 0% /dev/shm My virtual size is 4gb, but the actual size is 3.5gb $ ls -hl total 7.5G -rw-------. 1 root root 3.5G 2010-04-13 14:08 LFS.vdi How much size should I give when compiling and installing a linux kernel? Is there any guidelines to follow when doing this? This is my first time, so just experimenting with this. Many thanks,

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  • using a second computer as a mere screen/monitor in X (VNC?)

    - by lara michaels
    Hello My goal is to use three monitors with my Linux system. It is a laptop, so adding another video card is not the easiest solution. (I have investigated a number of such options: getting a docking station with a PCI slot, USB/Cardbus vga adapters, etc, and for the time being don't want to go that way.) I am wondering if using an older desktop+screen I have lying around as the third "monitor" might be the easiest solution, if only there is a way to get it to work as a seamless, integrated desktop. I was wondering if I can use VNC or perhaps X itself (?) to achieve the following: computer A is my main computer; it has all my files, etc. computer B is used just to display on an additional screen keyboard+mouse are connected to computer A use VNC or X to connect the two so that computer B shows a X screen that is just as if it was a third physical screen connected to computer A. I don't know if the last point is clear, but what I mean is that I would like to be able to: be able to have my window manager assign/move around virtual desktops on all three screens move windows back and forth between the screens attached to computer A and the screen of computer B be able to copy something in an app being shown on a screen of computer A and paste it into an app being shown on the screen attached to computer B access the filesystem on my main computer (A) when using applications that are being shown on the screen attached to computer B Basically, I would like X to treat computer B just like it was nothing but a third physical screen... Is this doable? : ) ~lara

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  • Does this exist: a standardized way of documenting a file-system structure

    - by eegg
    At work, I'm in charge of maintaining the organization of a whole lot of varied data on a standard file-system. Part of this is coming up with sensible classification (by similarity, need, read/write access, etc), but the bigger part is actually documenting it: what documents/files/media should go where, what should not be in this directory, "for something slightly different, see ../../other-dir", etc. At the moment, I've documented this using a plaintext file filing.txt in every directory I want to document. If someone is unsure what's meant to be in any directory, they read that file. This works alright, but it seems odd that I have this primitive custom solution to a problem that any maintainer of a non-trivial directory structure must experience. Every company I've known of, for example, has some kind of shared file-system where agreed terminology for categorization is important. In my experience, people just have to learn what's what by trial-and-error and experimentation. So allow me to propose a better solution, and hopefully you can tell me if it exists. Any directory on any filesystem can have a hidden plaintext file named .filing. Its contents are descriptive human language. It uses some markup like Markdown, with little more than bold, italic, and (relative) hyperlinks to other directories. Now a suitably-enabled file browser will check for a file named .filing whenever it displays a directory. If it exists, its contents are parsed and displayed in an unobtrusive pane near the directory-path widget. Any links therein can be clicked, and the user will be taken to the target directory of that link. I think that the effort of implementing such a standard would pay back many times over in usability gains. We would have, say, plugins for Nautilus, Konqueror, etc.. It could be used to display directory information in the standard file lists served by webservers. And so on. So, question: does such a thing exist? If not, why not? Do people think it's a worthwhile idea?

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  • Permanently deleting files on Mac OS

    - by Jonik
    A while back, as relatively new Mac OS X user, I was surprised to learn that you cannot easily delete files. Directly, that is, without moving them to the trash first. On Windows and Linux this can obviously be done with ease, but not so on the Mac. I noticed this when trying clear up files from a USB memory stick — removing the files ("move to trash") does not free up space; that happens only after emptying the whole system-wide Trash. Not particularly convenient! (It seems stupid to have to empty the whole trashcan just to make some space on the USB stick. There might be gigabytes of stuff in there, and this sort of defeats its purpose - what if you'd actually need to restore something from the trash some day.) So, what's your way of getting around this? Have you bought a 3rd party application like RAW Trash for $16.95 just to delete files, or do you diligently empty the trashcan whenever needed? Or did I miss something? Also, can you convince me that this is actually the way it should be — that users shouldn't be able to fiddle with the filesystem easily? :)

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  • Converting software RAID1 to RAID10 for /boot

    - by luckytaxi
    Array info: /dev/md0 - /dev/sda1 and /dev/sdb1 /dev/md2 - /dev/sda2 and /dev/sdb2 Partition info: /boot - /dev/md0 / - /dev/md1 I have two drives that are setup as RAID1 using software RAID on Redhat. I added two additional drives (same size) and I would like to conver the RAID1 to a RAID10. The problem I'm having is adding the last drive to the array. I've gotten as far as creating a RAID10 with two missing devices but as soon as I add the last drive, all hell breaks loose. It seems /dev/sda1 is the culprit. What I'm not too sure about is how to create the RAID10. I've tried the following mdadm --create /dev/md2 --level=raid10 --raid-device=4 /dev/sdc1 missing /dev/sdd1 missing I then proceeded to fail /dev/sdb1 from /dev/md0 and added that partition to /dev/md2. I proceeded to install the MBR on EACH partition since boot resides on /dev/sdx1 on each drive. As a test, all is well, I'm able to boot back into the system once I do a quick reboot. Now, when I go add the last drive /dev/sda1, it breaks. I attempted to install grub on /dev/sda1 and I get the following ... grub> root (hd0,0) /dev/sda root (hd0,0) /dev/sda Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0xfd grub> setup (hd0) setup (hd0) Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... no Checking if "/grub/stage1" exists... no Error 2: Bad file or directory type At this point, the array is hosed I believe. I rebooted the server and it refuses to boot.

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  • Did chkdsk make it harder to restore files?

    - by neyl
    My friend asked me to try and fix his loaded Sansa Clip + which wasn't playing. After opening it in MSC mode I discovered that the Music directory was empty and total of all files was only a few MB. However Disk properties showed me that it was 7Gb full. I then ran Tools - Error Checking and Windows dutifully informed me that disk was corrupt and I should run again Allowing Windows to Fix Errors. I did that and it told me everything was fixed and that all files were placed in FOUND.000 Dir. FOUND.000 was about 7.5 GB with FILE0000-1546 . CHK. (I am aware of methods like ChkBack to scan and convert to mp3 etc BUT Original filenames and structure needed!) Now I started getting worried that I made things worse! I have plenty of experience with Data Recovery Programs - Recuva, Restore My Files etc. and I was anyhow planning to use them to scan the drive. But NOW after CHKDSK "fixed" the drive maybe it modified critical FAT information vital for data recovery. So I run these programs and 0!!!. No trace of files! I tried a ton of Recovery Programs with same results TILL EaseUS Data Recovery Wizard found all files and I purchased program for $55! My Question In your opinion - did running CHKDSK with automatic fixing of errors make matters worse (i.e. many data recovery progs. didn't find a trace and they would have done if not for chkdsk) or was the filesystem too corrupt anyhow for regular File Recovery Progs.? If I would be a Professional - would I be responsible for running CHKDSK - automatic Fixing. Do you know of a better Data Recovery Program than EaseUs Data Recovery wizard - According to my experience I haven't found better!? Thanks

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  • How to re-add a RAID-10 failed drive on Ubuntu?

    - by thiesdiggity
    I have a problem that I can't seem to solve. We have a Ubuntu server setup with RAID-10 and two of the drives dropped out of the array. When I try to re-add them using the following command: mdadm --manage --re-add /dev/md2 /dev/sdc1 I get the following error message: mdadm: Cannot open /dev/sdc1: Device or resource busy When I do a "cat /proc/mdstat" I get the following: Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [r$ md2 : active raid10 sdb1[0] sdd1[3] 1953519872 blocks 64K chunks 2 near-copies [4/2] [U__U] md1 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdc2[1] 468853696 blocks [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdc1[1] 19530688 blocks [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> When I run "/sbin/mdadm --detail /dev/md2" I get the following: /dev/md2: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Mon Sep 5 23:41:13 2011 Raid Level : raid10 Array Size : 1953519872 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB) Used Dev Size : 976759936 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Thu Oct 25 09:25:08 2012 State : active, degraded Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : near=2, far=1 Chunk Size : 64K UUID : c6d87d27:aeefcb2e:d4453e2e:0b7266cb Events : 0.6688691 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1 1 0 0 1 removed 2 0 0 2 removed 3 8 49 3 active sync /dev/sdd1 Output of df -h is: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/md1 441G 2.0G 416G 1% / none 32G 236K 32G 1% /dev tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm none 32G 112K 32G 1% /var/run none 32G 0 32G 0% /var/lock none 32G 0 32G 0% /lib/init/rw tmpfs 64G 215M 63G 1% /mnt/vmware none 441G 2.0G 416G 1% /var/lib/ureadahead/debugfs /dev/mapper/RAID10VG-RAID10LV 1.8T 139G 1.6T 8% /mnt/RAID10 When I do a "fdisk -l" I can see all the drives needed for the RAID-10. The RAID-10 is part of the /dev/mapper, could that be the reason why the device is coming back as busy? Anyone have any suggestions on what I can try to get the drives back into the array? Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!

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  • Ubuntu hard disk getting SATA errors

    - by Henadzy
    I am getting "UNC" errors on a hard disk on Ubuntu 9.10. It slows down my system, applications have not been responding for a long time. But when I mount the filesystem on another computer, it works properly. disk: SAMSUNG HD161HJ (SATA) syslog: Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773839] ata3.00: exception Emask 0x1 SAct 0x1e SErr 0x0 action 0x6 frozen Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773845] ata3.00: Ata error. fis:0x21 Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773861] ata3.00: cmd 60/08:08:3f:00:ad/00:00:10:00:00/40 tag 1 ncq 4096 in Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773864] res 51/40:24:67:c8:91/40:00:05:00:00/40 Emask 0x9 (media error) Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773871] ata3.00: status: { DRDY ERR } Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773877] ata3.00: error: { UNC } [...snip 3 similar repeats of last 4 lines; see revision history for full log...] Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773970] ata3: hard resetting link Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773974] ata3: nv: skipping hardreset on occupied port Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 886.240073] ata3: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 886.256277] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/133 Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 886.256305] ata3: EH complete Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176088] ata3: EH in SWNCQ mode,QC:qc_active 0xF sactive 0xF Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176099] ata3: SWNCQ:qc_active 0xF defer_bits 0x0 last_issue_tag 0x3 Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176102] dhfis 0xF dmafis 0x1 sdbfis 0x0 Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176109] ata3: ATA_REG 0x51 ERR_REG 0x40 Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176113] ata3: tag : dhfis dmafis sdbfis sacitve Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176120] ata3: tag 0x0: 1 1 0 1 Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176126] ata3: tag 0x1: 1 0 0 1 Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176131] ata3: tag 0x2: 1 0 0 1 Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176136] ata3: tag 0x3: 1 0 0 1

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  • Recovering a mdadm+lvm+ext4 partition with read error

    - by bitwelder
    One of disks in my NAS has failed. The NAS is running Linux, and it uses mdadm + LVM technology for its filesystems. I do have backup for most of the contents, but not for the very last changes, and if possible, I'd like to recover that from this failing disk. The disk (a 'green drive' WD10EARS 1TB in size) throws this kind of errors: Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.620000] ata5.00: read unc at 9453282 Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.620000] lba 9453282 start 9453280 end 1953511007 Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.620000] sde5 auto_remap 0 Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.630000] ata5.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x6 Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.630000] ata5.00: edma_err_cause=00000084 pp_flags=00000003, dev error, EDMA self-disable Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.640000] ata5.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.650000] ata5.00: cmd 60/40:00:e0:3e:90/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 32768 in Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.650000] res 41/40:00:e2:3e:90/12:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F> Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.660000] ata5.00: status: { DRDY ERR } However, while testing with 'dd', I noticed that if I skip the first 4kB, the read seems to be ok, i.e. a command like. dd if=/dev/sde5 of=dev/null bs=4k count=1000 skip=1 doesn't return any read error. Supposing that there is no other read failure in the rest of the disk, would I be able to recover this 900 GB partition (as I mentioned before, it's a 'linux raid autodetect' partition, that contains a a LVM2 volume that contains a ext4 filesystem) if I copy-clone the partition somewhere else, but the first 4kB?

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