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• a brand new FS based on a database without using fuse

  - by Devrim

  hi all, To serve millions of files out of a single directory, being able to connect to a drive from hundreds of endpoints, and for some other reasons (to avoid gluster/nfs/all fs based networking solutions), I want to evaluate the possibility of making a filesystem that's based on a mongodb (or any other). Basically, it works like fusefs, every single file is kept in mongo gridfs. In theory, I do, mount mongodbfs /mountPoint mongodb://localhost then when i say touch /mountPoint/test.txt this file is inserted into mongodb. This FS will also store uid/gid and perms with the file, we can throw hundreds of servers to it, and no useradd will be necessary. I'm not thinking to include all the features of FS, just the ones we need. My question is, how do I start my quest in finding resources, books, links, people, developers who'd help me implement this? at least a proof of concept. Is it feasible? What should I expect as a timeline for such undertaking? Please only think about gazillion small files and folders.

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• Why is there no /usr/bin/ in windows? Would it be dangerous to the entire Program Files to the path?

  - by dotancohen

  I am a Linux user spending some time in Windows and I'm trying to understand some of the Windows paradigms instead of fighting them. I notice that each program installed in the traditional manner (i.e. via orgasmic installers: Yes, Yes, Yes, Finish) adds the executables to C:/Program Files/foo/bar.exe and then adds a shortcut to the Desktop / Start Menu containing the entire path. However, there is no common directory with links to the software, i.e. C:/bin/bar.exe which would link to C:/Program Files/foo/bar.exe. Therefore, after installing an application the only way to use the application is via the clicky-clicky menus or by navigating to the executable in the filesystem. One cannot simply Win-R to open the run dialogue and then type bar or bar.exe as is possible with notepad or mspaint. I realize that Windows 8 improves on this with the otherwise horrendous Start Screen which does support typing the name of the app, but again this depends on the app having registered itself for such. Would I be doing any harm by adding C:/Program Files recursively to the Windows path? I do realize that there will be name collisions (i.e. uninstall.exe) but could there be other issues?

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• grub refuses to install to raid array

  - by ronno

  I have a software raid 0 setup with dual booting Windows 7 and Ubuntu 12.04. The GRUB bootloader that is already on the hard drive seems to work fine. However, since the latest package update for grub, it refuses to install the new version to the hard disk. grub-install throws the following error: /usr/sbin/grub-probe: error: cannot find a GRUB drive for /dev/mapper/< raid name_RAID0p9. Check your device.map. Auto-detection of a filesystem of /dev/mapper/< raid name_RAID0p9 failed. Try with --recheck. If the problem persists please report this together with the output of "/usr/sbin/grub-probe --device-map="/boot/grub/device.map" --target=fs -v /boot/grub" to < [email protected] update-grub pops the same "/usr/sbin/grub-probe: error: cannot find a GRUB drive for /dev/mapper/< raid name_RAID0p9. Check your device.map." every alternate line. I don't understand what exactly is going on. I'm afraid to reinstall the grub package because it might mess up the boot, which currently works fine. Is it safe to just ignore this?

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• ext3: maximum recommended partition size / handling large partitions

  - by Hansi

  Hi! I would like to do an encrypted install of Ubuntu on a 2 Terabyte drive (i.e., using LUKS/DMcrypt). In order to not have to type in passwords too often, the partitioning scheme will be 50 GB for / and about 1 TB for /home (and the rest for Windows 7), just for clarity. Even though by now LVM is regarded as being stable, I don't want to bother having more room for errors by introducing unnecessary layers of complexity. For both Ubuntu partitions I want encrypted ext3 with the default blocksize of ext3 (4k?). Thoughts: When I look at most partition schemes here on this site or elsewhere, I usually see at most about 400 or 500 GB partitions (maybe I didn't see enough). There may be different reasons for this, but is reliability an issue here? Are larger ext3 partitions, like about 1 TB, harder to handle for the OS or filesystem driver or at some other level? If I make the partition too large, will it be harder to repair in case of corruptions? Are there some default settings for ext3 that I should change for 1 TB partitions? Question: What maximum partition size for ext3 do you recommend and why? Thanks!

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• Old scheduled task still being started, but can't find it.

  - by JvO

  System: Windows XP Home Summary: Some scheduled task is still being started by Windows, but I can't find it, nor determine where its configuration has been stored. This is turning into a mystery for me... I set up a Windows XP Home machine to run a task at 7:00 AM, using the Task manager. This was a clean install, no users defined, so you got straight to the desktop after starting the machine. The filesystem uses NTFS. Later on, I needed to introduce users, so I created one (named Sam) with administrator privileges. After this I noticed that the scheduled task failed, most likely due to privilege errors (i.e. can't write to a network drive). So I want to delete the old task, and add it again with the correct user credentials. However.... I can't find the old task!! I know it is still being executed at 7:00 AM, but there's no mention anywhere on the system of this task. I've looked in c:\windows\tasks for .job files, but there's only the "MP Scheduled Scan.job" from Security Essentials. I've searched the whole disk for mention of the batch file that is being run, but can't find it. So why is this old task still running, and more importantly, why can't I find it? Would it have something to do with introducing users on XP?

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• Will these instructions work when turning of journaling on an ext4 SSD?

  - by snowlord

  I have an Acer Aspire One with an SSD for storage. I recently installed Ubuntu on it and chose ext4 for my filesystem. Then I read that journaling on an SSD isn't the best idea, so I will try to disable journaling and I have found these intstructions (from http://fenidik.blogspot.com/2010/03/ext4-disable-journal.html): # Create ext4 fs on /dev/sda10 disk mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda10 # Enable writeback mode. This mode will typically provide the best ext4 performance. tune2fs -o journal_data_writeback /dev/sda10 # Delete has_journal option tune2fs -O ^has_journal /dev/sda10 # Required fsck e2fsck -f /dev/sda10 # Check fs options dumpe2fs /dev/sda10 |more For more performance add fstab opions: data=writeback,noatime,nodiratime i.e: /dev/sda10 /opt ext4 defaults,data=writeback,noatime,nodiratime 0 0 I will use them on my boot partition. Are there any particularly bad parts here, or are there any missing steps? Will my boot partition be fit for being on an SSD after this? Or should I consider switching to ext2, or even reinstall it all and choose ext2 at partitioning time (I'd rather not though, since I've configured quite some stuff already)?

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• Virtualbox Networking: XP Guest, Ubuntu Host: Connecting to Windows servers & local network?

  - by user51833

  Here's what I have: Windows XP running in VirtualBox 3.0.8_OSE r53138; Host OS = Ubuntu 9.10 "Karmic Koala"; Windows network in my office with smb fileservers; Guest OS is connected to the internet and is sharing folders with Host OS; Limited networking expertise. Here's what I actually need to do: Use MS Outlook in my XP guest with all its calendar-sharing features and stuff (if this is all done through the internet then great) - or find a Linux app that can do the same stuff; Map Windows network servers, eg. smb://server01/ in my XP guest (I can already access these in Ubuntu. Here's what I've tried with no luck: Entering the server address (example above) in my XP guest windows explorer address bar (got a "could not access the file, path or drive" error message - maybe if I could enter login/pass information? But I don't know how); Mapping the server as a network drive (Windows could not find the path); Mounting the server as one of my shared folders (I couldn't find it through the shared folders browser in VirtualBox - is there somewhere in the Linux filesystem that Ubuntu keeps links to mounted servers?).

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• Ubuntu 9.04: Ripping CDs with grip?

  - by chris

  I tried to rip a CD tonight, and couldn't figure out how to configure grip - /dev/cdrom doesn't seem to be the mount point for music CDs any more. How can I configure grip to find CDs? Update: /etc/fstab has /dev/scd0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0 But there's nothing visible in /media/cdrom0 (or /media/cdrom, which is a symlink to cdrom0) There's an icon on the desktop labeled "Audio Disk" and opening it shows the .wav files on the CD. The location is cdda://sr0/, but grip doesn't like that either. Trying to manually mount /dev/sr0, I get $ sudo mount -t auto /dev/sr0 foo/ mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only mount: you must specify the filesystem type Update 2: Tried to change the media handling preferences (From a file browser, Edit-Preferences, Media, CD Audio) to "Do Nothing". CD Still doesn't mount. Update 3: With an audio CD in the drive: $ ls -l /dev/ | grep cd lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 2009-09-15 22:13 cdrom1 -> sr0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 2009-09-15 22:13 cdrw1 -> sr0 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 60 2009-09-15 22:13 pktcdvd lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 2009-09-15 22:13 scd0 -> sr0 crw-rw----+ 1 root cdrom 21, 2 2009-09-15 22:13 sg2 brw-rw----+ 1 root cdrom 11, 0 2009-09-15 22:13 sr0

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• P2V Wouldn't Boot, Rebuilt initrd, Need to Clean Up

  - by Mike Soule

  We have a CentOS 5.4 server (build 2.6.18-164.el5xen). We went to P2V this server so we can have redundancy, the physical only has one PSU. The P2V only completed 99% of the way, we have a VMWare ticket opened, but they marked the ticket as low priority. I was able to boot into a rescue disc of Red Hat 5.4 and rebuild the initrd with the help of this blog post. Now the only issue is the original server had a modified initrd, which was also from a different OS build and made by an outside provider. We do not have a document outlining modifications. My question is, is it at all possible to copy the initrd off of the physical server and replace it on the virtual and some how have the virtual machine boot? Thanks for any input. Edit: I copied the initrd img from the physical and it recreated the original issue. Here is a screen capture of the error. http://i.imgur.com/MqC73.jpg Edit2: echo Scanning logical volumes lvm vgscan --ignorelockingfailure echo Activating logical volumes lvm vgchange -ay --ignorelockingfailure VolGroup00 resume /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 echo Creating root device. mkrootdev -t ext3 -o defaults,ro /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 echo Mounting root filesystem. mount /sysroot

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• How to recover deleted files on ext3 fs

  - by Mike

  I have a drive which was using the ext3 filesystem. I am told that about 10Gb of data was deleted off the drive (probably via rm). The drive is currently mounted as read-only to preserve all data. Does anyone know of a method to restore some or all of the data? Also if it helps, the OS was Fedora. I've also been told that the data is mostly ASCII fortan source code and Matlab files. Conclusion I have finally managed to get the data back, and with the simplest means ever! After weeks of trying and failing to bring back much of any data, I brought someone in today to take a look at it and offer suggestions, he simply cd'd to the directory and everything was there! It was never lost in the first place!!! Needless to say I feel really dumb right now, but I learned quite a lot with this whole fiasco. At any rate, while I was looking through data forensics solutions, I found that the Autopsy, or more specifically the SleuthKit was the most helpful. So I will accept that as the final answer. I would also like to note for anyone that comes across this later on that the most up-voted (currently) answer by sekenre was also helpful and I learned a lot, but ultimately it did not help with the type (very many, and some being very large) of files I was dealing with. So thank to all you that provided suggestions and wish you all the best!

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• How do I add a second disk to my zfs root pool

  - by ankimal

  I am trying to add a new disk to my zfs root pool. Here is my current config: zpool status pool: rpool state: ONLINE scrub: none requested config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM rpool ONLINE 0 0 0 c0d0s0 ONLINE 0 0 0 errors: No known data errors bash-3.00# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on rpool/ROOT/s10x_u7wos_08 311G 18G 293G 6% / swap 14G 384K 14G 1% /etc/svc/volatile /usr/lib/libc/libc_hwcap1.so.1 311G 18G 293G 6% /lib/libc.so.1 swap 14G 52K 14G 1% /tmp swap 14G 40K 14G 1% /var/run rpool/export 293G 19K 293G 1% /export rpool/export/home 430G 138G 293G 32% /export/home rpool 293G 36K 293G 1% /rpool # format Searching for disks...done AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS: 0. c0d0 <DEFAULT cyl 60797 alt 2 hd 255 sec 63> /pci@0,0/pci-ide@1f,2/ide@0/cmdk@0,0 1. c2d0 <Hitachi- JK1181YAHL0YK-0001-16777216.> /pci@0,0/pci-ide@1f,5/ide@1/cmdk@0,0 Disk 1 above is the new disk I need to attach to expand my root pool (give /export/home some extra space). If I try to attach my new disk to the pool # zpool attach -f rpool c0d0s0 c2d0s0 cannot attach c2d0s0 to c0d0s0: new device must be a single disk # uname -a SunOS dsol1 5.10 Generic_139556-08 i86pc i386 i86pc Solaris Any ideas?

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• Mounting fuse sshfs fails when invoked by Cron on FreeBSD 9.0

  - by Tal

  I have a remote server filesystem that I'm attempting to mount locally on a FreeBSD 9 machine via FUSE sshfs, and Cron for a backup routine. I have ssh keys between the boxes setup to allow for passwordless login as the root user on the local machine. Cron is set to run the following script (in Root's crontab): #!/bin/sh echo "Mounting Share" /usr/local/bin/sshfs -C -o reconnect -o idmap=user -o workaround=all <remote user>@<remote domain>.com: /mnt/remote_server As root, I can run this script on the command line without issue, and without being asked for a password the share mounts successfully. Yet, when run by Cron the script fails. The path to sshfs is identical to the value of which sshfs Here is the email root receives from the Cron Daemon: X-Cron-Env: <SHELL=/bin/sh> X-Cron-Env: <HOME=/root> X-Cron-Env: <PATH=/usr/bin:/bin> X-Cron-Env: <LOGNAME=root> X-Cron-Env: <USER=root> Mounting Share fuse: failed to exec mount program: No such file or directory fuse: failed to mount file system: No such file or directory I'm stumped as to why I'm receiving No such file or directory in this instance. It further seems odd given that the paths appear to be correct. I've also attempted to compare the output of env on the shell with env inserted into the script. I don't see any environment variables that should cause this trouble. At bootup, FUSE reports its version as: fuse4bsd: version 0.3.9-pre1, FUSE ABI 7.8 Help me ServerFault wizards, you're my only hope!

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• Decrease in disk performance after partitioning and encryption, is this much of a drop normal?

  - by Biohazard

  I have a server that I only have remote access to. Earlier in the week I repartitioned the 2 disk raid as follows: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/sda1_crypt 363G 1.8G 343G 1% / tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /lib/init/rw udev 2.0G 140K 2.0G 1% /dev tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda5 461M 26M 412M 6% /boot /dev/sda7 179G 8.6G 162G 6% /data The raid consists of 2 x 300gb SAS 15k disks. Prior to the changes I made, it was being used as a single unencrypted root parition and hdparm -t /dev/sda was giving readings around 240mb/s, which I still get if I do it now: /dev/sda: Timing buffered disk reads: 730 MB in 3.00 seconds = 243.06 MB/sec Since the repartition and encryption, I get the following on the separate partitions: Unencrypted /dev/sda7: /dev/sda7: Timing buffered disk reads: 540 MB in 3.00 seconds = 179.78 MB/sec Unencrypted /dev/sda5: /dev/sda5: Timing buffered disk reads: 476 MB in 2.55 seconds = 186.86 MB/sec Encrypted /dev/mapper/sda1_crypt: /dev/mapper/sda1_crypt: Timing buffered disk reads: 150 MB in 3.03 seconds = 49.54 MB/sec I expected a drop in performance on the encrypted partition, but not that much, but I didn't expect I would get a drop in performance on the other partitions at all. The other hardware in the server is: 2 x Quad Core Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5405 @ 2.00GHz and 4gb RAM $ cat /proc/scsi/scsi Attached devices: Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 32 Lun: 00 Vendor: DP Model: BACKPLANE Rev: 1.05 Type: Enclosure ANSI SCSI revision: 05 Host: scsi0 Channel: 02 Id: 00 Lun: 00 Vendor: DELL Model: PERC 6/i Rev: 1.11 Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 05 Host: scsi1 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00 Vendor: HL-DT-ST Model: CD-ROM GCR-8240N Rev: 1.10 Type: CD-ROM ANSI SCSI revision: 05 I'm guessing this means the server has a PERC 6/i RAID controller? The encryption was done with default settings during debian 6 installation. I can't recall the exact specifics and am not sure how I go about finding them? Thanks

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• Is it a good Idea to switch to a SSD to use less battery?

  - by Walter Maier-Murdnelch

  I am thinking of buying a SSD for my laptop, mainly for the purpose of extended operating time when running on battery. At the moment I use a Hitachi HTS545032B9A300 (320GB) (Datasheet) as main drive and a Seagate Momentus 5400.3 120GB as secondary drive. I dualboot Windows and Linux but I don't need the windows partition any longer, a 120GB SDD would be more than sufficient space-wise. Speed is not an issue for me, I make heavy use of tmpfs (ramdrive) within Linux and transfers of bigger files are mainly through some network filesystem anyways, thus a cheaper SSD should do. For the purpose of comparison I chose the OCZ Vertex Plus 120GB. Power consumption always is a big promotional thing the industry uses to make me want to buy their SSDs, some sheet on the OCZ page provides an astonishing comparison of desktop HDDS and SSDs. The numbers I got comparing my laptop HDD and their SSD were not really astonishing any longer. Hitachi 320GB HDD: Startup (W, peak, max.) 4.5 Seek (W, avg.) 1.7 Read / Write (W, avg.) 1.4 Performance idle (W, avg.) 1.3 Active idle (W, avg.) 0.8 Low power idle (W, avg.) 0.5 Standby (W, avg.) 0.2 Sleep 0.1 OCZ 120GB SSD: 1.5W active 0.3W standby I see that there are differences, but actually they don't seem that high as I though they were. And compared to the power consuption of the rest of my system I wonder if it makes a difference at all. Have I just taken the wrong look at the whole thing or may I be better off to buy another battery for my laptop?

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• Data recovery from corrupt Ubuntu partition/directory (question about a previous answer)

  - by JoshMaurice

  I have an Ubuntu installation that won't boot anymore. I asked my previous question about it here: http://superuser.com/questions/15916/ubuntu-chkdsk-equivalent Bolotov replied: As I see from your previous question you can boot Windows so you could use dskprobe from Windows XP Service Pack 2 Support Tools to make sure that fs type is correct ... but it's already correct fs type 7 is NTFS. Message "The type of the filesystem is RAW. CHKDSK is not available for RAW drives." means that windows can't determine fs type for some reason. As we see fs type is correct. To run Chkdsk on your Windows partition you can install Windows Recovery Console, boot in recovery console and check your disk. After checking the disk you will gain access to you c:\ubuntu\disks. I think you can mount your linux partition (which is in file) as usual loop-back device: mount -o loop [path to your linux-loopback-partition] But you should mount windows patrition first. So now I'd like to know: Within the recovery console I will be issuing the commands "chkdsk -r" and then "mount -o loop [path to windows partition]" and then "mount -o loop c:\ubuntu\disks", correct? I do have a ("corrupt and unreadable") c:\ubuntu\disks directory so that appears to be the correct path to the linux partition; do you know the path to the windows partition? would that be just "c:\"?

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• Attempted hack on VPS, how to protect in future, what were they trying to do?

  - by Moin Zaman

  UPDATE: They're still here. Help me stop or trap them! Hi SF'ers, I've just had someone hack one of my clients sites. They managed to get to change a file so that the checkout page on the site writes payment information to a text file. Fortunately or unfortunately they stuffed up, the had a typo in the code, which broke the site so I came to know about it straight away. I have some inkling as to how they managed to do this: My website CMS has a File upload area where you can upload images and files to be used within the website. The uploads are limited to 2 folders. I found two suspicious files in these folders and on examining the contents it looks like these files allow the hacker to view the server's filesystem and upload their own files, modify files and even change registry keys?! I've deleted some files, and changed passwords and am in the process of trying to secure the CMS and limit file uploads by extensions. Anything else you guys can suggest I do to try and find out more details about how they got in and what else I can do to prevent this in future?

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• PXELinux and compressed kernels/images

  - by Yvan JANSSENS

  Is it possible to boot compressed kernels with a compressed initrd with PXELinux? First, a little background: We created a custom Linux distro, for diskless OpenCL computing nodes. We want those nodes to fetch their OS from the network. Our Distro is composed out of a kernel (duh) and a large initrd which is loaded into RAM and everything is executed from there. We chose to run everything off the initrd for two reasons: NFS was not an option to serve the filesystem's extra contents Fast file access from RAM. No persistent storage needed, data and config is pulled dynamically through a SOAP service. Now our initrd is about 450M in size. At our network speeds, it takes about two to three minutes to load a single client. Will compression speed up te downloading, and if yes, which one should be used? Is LZMA supported by PXELinux, or do we need to stick to bzip2 or gzip? Because of the 2-3 minutes loading time, booting 15 nodes over the same network link takes quite a lot of time. We decided not to use hard drives or CD/DVD drives, for financial reasons (cheapest HDD @ €30 times 15 is a lot of money saved ;-) ) So, our question is: what compression options are available for this setup? And how do we do this? Thank you for your time! Yvan Janssens

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• disk space keeps filling up on EC2 instance with no apperent files/directories

  - by sasher

  How come os shows 6.5G used but I see only 3.6G in files/directories? Running as root on an Amazon Linux AMI (seems like Centos), lots of free memory available, no swapping going on, no apparent file descriptors issue. The only thing I can think of is a log file that was deleted while applications append to it. Disk space usage is slowly but continuously rising towards full capacity (~1k/min with very small decreases from time to time) Any explanation? Solution? du --max-depth=1 -h / 1.2G /usr 4.0K /cgroup 22M /lib64 11M /sbin 19M /etc 52K /dev 2.1G /var 4.0K /media 0 /sys 4.0K /selinux du: cannot access /proc/14024/task/14024/fd/4': No such file or directory du: cannot access<br/> /proc/14024/task/14024/fdinfo/4': No such file or directory du: cannot access /proc/14024/fd/4': No such file or directory du: cannot<br/> access/proc/14024/fdinfo/4': No such file or directory 0 /proc 18M /home 4.0K /logs 8.1M /bin 16K /lost+found 12M /tmp 4.0K /srv 35M /boot 79M /lib 56K /root 67M /opt 4.0K /local 4.0K /mnt 3.6G / df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda1 7.9G 6.5G 1.4G 84% / tmpfs 3.7G 0 3.7G 0% /dev/shm sysctl fs.file-nr fs.file-nr = 864 0 761182

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• How to fix Truecrypt MBR using Command Prompt or Linux live USB?

  - by Michal Stefanow

  I was playing with TrueCrypt and decided to make a fresh installation of Windows 7 from USB stick. Unfortunately Windows 7 installer: "setup was unable to create a new system partition" My entire HDD has been formatted and is visible as 320GB unallocated space, but no fdisk nor Windows 7 installer nor Windows XP installer could help. (Windows XP doesn't even see the HDD, it sees only USB stick and says "not enough space to install") It may be related to Truecrypt and pre-boot authentification, boot loader and/or MBR. As I don't have optical device I could not have created rescue disk. Right now I need a rescue of some kind, supposingly by erasing/fixing MBR using Linux live USB or using Command Promt. Another approach is to click "repair your comuter" menu from Windows 7 installer then click "restore your computer", then click OK upon error and get access to Command Prompt. Yet another another approach is to start computer without Linux USB I receive this: error:unknown filesystem. grub rescue> Any help would be greatly appreciated as my laptop is kind of not fully operational now. UPDATE: This was asked long time ago, ended up formatting everything (eventually it worked using different bootable USB)...

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• Deploying multiple identical copies of a virtual machine for compute tasks

  - by Reid

  I have a compute task which has a large number of library dependencies. I would like to deploy it on some of my company's large Linux clusters, where I do not have root. I could probably track down, compile, and install the right versions of all the libraries, but this looks to be quite tedious and would have to be repeated if I deployed it again somewhere else. On the other hand, it's pretty easy to install on current Ubuntu. This led me to wonder about a virtual machine approach. Could I put together a virtual machine which booted up, ran the computation (with parameters from and results to the host), and then shut down? In other words, I'd like a command like this that I could run on the host: $ ./run-vm --ram N --task /path/on/host/foo.sh --results /another/host/dir/ This would boot the VM, run foo.sh, and put the (relatively small) results of the computation in /another/host/dir/. It's important to start up many instances of the VM simultaneously, both on a single node and multiple nodes of the cluster. So it would be nice if I didn't have to make many copies of the VM virtual disk and metadata. As the task instances are completely independent, the VMs would not need any network support once deployed, or any outside communications beyond reading and writing the host filesystem. Is this possible, and if so, how might I go about doing it? Are there assumptions I've made above which are bogus?

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• 150 TB and growing, but how to grow?

  - by seandavi

  My group currently has two largish storage servers, both NAS running debian linux. The first is an all-in-one 24-disk (SATA) server that is several years old. We have two hardware RAIDS set up on it with LVM over those. The second server is 64 disks divided over 4 enclosures, each a hardware RAID 6, connected via external SAS. We use XFS with LVM over that to create 100TB useable storage. All of this works pretty well, but we are outgrowing these systems. Having build two such servers and still growing, we want to build something that allows us more flexibility in terms of future growth, backup options, that behaves better under disk failure (checking the larger filesystem can take a day or more), and can stand up in a heavily concurrent environment (think small computer cluster). We do not have system administration support, so we administer all of this ourselves (we are a genomics lab). So, what we seek is a relatively low-cost, acceptable performance storage solution that will allow future growth and flexible configuration (think ZFS with different pools having different operating characteristics). We are probably outside the realm of a single NAS. We have been thinking about a combination of ZFS (on openindiana, for example) or btrfs per server with glusterfs running on top of that if we do it ourselves. What we are weighing that against is simply biting the bullet and investing in Isilon or 3Par storage solutions. Any suggestions or experiences are appreciated.

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• STOP 0x7b booting from iSCSI

  - by Michael

  Hi, I've a Windows 2008 SBS running. It boots of iSCSI. That setup worked for months until yesterday. I intended to reboot and gained a: STOP 0x0000007b INACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICE and no idea why. My setup hasn't changed. No new controller, no new or changed iSCSI targets, no new Network Card or IP address changes. I had all Windows Updates on it. Last known good: same STOP. Allow unsigned drivers: same STOP. Safe mode (all variants): same STOP. Mount target from a client: works. Filesystem check fine. I booted of the SBS DVD but in computer repair options my target doesn't appear. When i choose setup the target appears. So, how can i diagnose what's going wrong? Any helpful tools? Any hints? Thanks in advance Michael

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• GRUB reporting wrong partition type

  - by plok

  It all started when I had to replace one of the disks that the software RAID 1 on this machine currently uses. From that moment on I have not been able to boot to the Windows XP that is installed on the fourth hard drive, /dev/sdd. I am almost positive that the problem is related not to Windows but to GRUB, as if I unplug all the other hard drives so that the Windows XP disk is now /dev/sda it boots with no problem. The problem seems to be that GRUB detects a wrong partition type, which I understand suggest that something is really messed up. This is what I get when I try to follow the steps that until now had worked like a charm: grub> map (hd0) (hd3) grub> map (hd3) (hd0) grub> root (hd3,0) Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0xfd 0xfd? That doesn't make sense. /dev/sdb and sdc are 0xfd (Linux raid), but not /dev/sdd: edel:~# fdisk -l [...] Disk /dev/sdd: 250.0 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00048d89 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 * 1 30400 244187968+ 7 HPFS/NTFS edel:/boot/grub# cat device.map (hd0) /dev/sda (hd1) /dev/sdb (hd2) /dev/sdc (hd3) /dev/sdd I have been trying to work this out for hours, to no avail. Can anyone point me in the right direction?

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• Why is my rsync so slow?

  - by iblue

  My Laptop and my workstation are both connected to a Gigabit Switch. Both are running Linux. But when I copy files with rsync, it performs badly. I get about 22 MB/s. Shouldn't I theoretically get about 125 MB/s? What is the limiting factor here? EDIT: I conducted some experiments. Write performance on the laptop The laptop has a xfs filesystem with full disk encryption. It uses aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 cipher mode with 256 bits key length. Disk write performance is 58.8 MB/s. iblue@nerdpol:~$ LANG=C dd if=/dev/zero of=test.img bs=1M count=1024 1073741824 Bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 18.2735 s, 58.8 MB/s Read performance on the workstation The files I copied are on a software RAID-5 over 5 HDDs. On top of the raid is a lvm. The volume itself is encrypted with the same cipher. The workstation has a FX-8150 cpu that has a native AES-NI instruction set which speeds up encryption. Disk read performance is 256 MB/s (cache was cold). iblue@raven:/mnt/bytemachine/imgs$ dd if=backup-1333796266.tar.bz2 of=/dev/null bs=1M 10213172008 bytes (10 GB) copied, 39.8882 s, 256 MB/s Network performance I ran iperf between the two clients. Network performance is 939 Mbit/s iblue@raven $ iperf -c 94.135.XXX ------------------------------------------------------------ Client connecting to 94.135.XXX, TCP port 5001 TCP window size: 23.2 KByte (default) ------------------------------------------------------------ [ 3] local 94.135.XXX port 59385 connected with 94.135.YYY port 5001 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 0.0-10.0 sec 1.09 GBytes 939 Mbits/sec

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• Ngins wont send POST to fastcgi backend, but GET works fine?

  - by xyld

  Not sure why, but it is happy sending a GET to the fastcgi backend (Mercurial hgwebdir in this case), but simply resorts to the filesystem if the request is a POST. Relevant parts of nginx.conf: location / { root /var/www/htdocs/; index index.html; autoindex on; } location /hg { fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/hg-fastcgi.socket; include fastcgi_params; if ($request_uri ~ ^/hg([^?#]*)) { set $rewritten_uri $1; } limit_except GET { allow all; deny all; auth_basic "hg secured repos"; auth_basic_user_file /var/trac.htpasswd; } fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME "/hg"; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $rewritten_uri; # for authentication fastcgi_param AUTH_USER $remote_user; fastcgi_param REMOTE_USER $remote_user; #fastcgi_pass_header Authorization; #fastcgi_intercept_errors on; } GET's work fine, but POST delivers this error to the error_log: 2010/05/17 14:12:27 [error] 18736#0: *1601 open() "/usr/html/hg/test" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: XX.XX.XX.XX, server: domain.com, request: "POST /hg/test HTTP/1.1", host: "domain.com" What could possibly be the issue? I'm trying to allow read-only access via GET's to the page, but require authorization when using hg push to the same url which sends a POST request.

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