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• FreeNAS pool configuration - RAID1 + other drives

  - by trnelson

  Simple questions, really. I found this answer with a similar setup, but not sure it answers my question. If it does, I'm curious why since the answer seems a bit unsure: ZFS Hard Drive Configuration in FreeNAS I'm building a server which will be used primarily for backup, plus some media streaming, possibly with Plex. I seem to understand most everything I need, but I'm still a bit confused on how pools work, and how to configure them for my scenario. I will have 2x 2TB WD Red drives, which I plan on using in a mirrored set up (RAID1). This would be for backup, and I'd also like to do offsite backup to my CrashPlan account from this array. I also have a few other drives: 1.5TB, 320GB, 250GB. I'm not sure exactly what to do with them yet, but looking for options. FreeNAS OS will be running from a 16GB USB Flash drive. Would it be wise to use the 1.5TB as a backup-backup, essentially as a mirror or perhaps for snapshots of the 2TB RAID1? I'm still learning about snapshots. Should the 2TB mirrored drives be in their own pool? Should the other drives be set up in their own pools as well, or should they be JBOD in a single pool? They may or may not get much use since the 2TB array is plenty for me. Does a dataset basically mimic the idea of a partition or a network share? In other words, I would map \SERVER\Share to X: on my laptop? Let's say I wanted to use the 250GB drive as an encrypted drive to store all of my cat pictures. Would it have to be in its own pool? If I use jails apps, should they go in the backup RAID1, or in another place? Thank you!

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• Unable to create a Windows 7 system image of a failing hard drive

  - by Rahul

  The hard disk of my one year old T400 Thinkpad has started failing periodic hardware tests. I get a "Targeted Read Test Failed" error. The "SMART short self test" times out. I am now trying to create a Windows 7 System image of the hard disk but it fails without giving any specific error messages. I tried using Comodo Backup but got an error (code 101117) there as well. I have copied the important files in Dropbox but would like to take a full System backup as I have plenty of software installed on the machine. Does anyone know why this is happening and how I can take a backup of the system image ?

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• spontaneous hard disk password

  - by sc

  I had an HP proliant server go down recently. All of the sudden the sas controller (e200i) would not see any of the physical disks. New disks were detected just fine. I thought it was odd that all 6 disks would go down at one time so sent them to a data recovery firm to find out what happened. I'm being told that, somehow, all of the disks were spontaneously password protected. These are Hitachi 2.5" drives and I guess this is something of a known issue. The company has worked for a while to try and recover them, with no luck. Has anyone had experience with this? Any recommendations for how to recover the drives or a company that might have the expertise to do so?

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• Mac failing (failed?) hard drive - is all hope lost?

  - by Daniel

  It's a 500 GB Seagate laptop hard drive that came with my Macbook Pro. Apple partition format. Already replaced and now have it external, connected via SATA/USB adapter. Trying to get just a few files that I worked on while out of town when it crashed (and thus did not have my time machine backup drive). Drive will not mount, but OS X Disk Utility detects it and can read the capacity, model number, and even the name of the partition, which leads me to believe all hope may not be lost. Failed attempts so far: Disk Utility verify+repair says drive cannot be repaired and that I should back up immediately (lovely) Disk Warrior says it cannot rebuild the directory due to hardware failure Data Rescue quick & deep scans immediately failed PhotoRec says "error reading sector" for every sector (at least for the few minutes I let it run before closing it to explore other options) What else can I try here? Again, I'm just looking for a few, small files (python scripts to be specific) - not a full recovery.

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• How to make a quiet laptop ? [closed]

  - by psihodelia

  Most modern laptops have very noisy fans. I am looking for a quiet laptop or a small stationary computer which has all its hardware built in a display. Most tasks will be pdf/docs processing, real-time audio processing, web-surfing and skype video chats. Certainly, there is no any fan-less model today; but maybe some of the existed laptops do not switch on their fans so often or implement different solutions? For example, an iPad has no fan at all and it is fast enough for my needs, but it has no normal operating system, so I can't use it for anything but audio chats and web-surfing. Or maybe I can buy a laptop and tweak it to make it absolutely noiseless? Can you recommend me any solution please? Thanks in advance!

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• Windows XP freezes completely

  - by Max

  Lately my Win XP SP3 started to make problems. From time to time it freezes completely. Which means that the system does not react to mouse and keyboard. Keyboard led indicators also do not react to CAPS-, SCROLL-, NUM- LOCK keys. The problem is that I don't understand what causes this behavior and it seems to happen randomly. System event log also does not contain any clues. I'm thinking this could be some driver/hardware problem, but I don't know which. Are there any tools that would help me figure out the cause of this problem? Does anybody have any clue how can I fix this?

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• Is it dangerous to add/remove a hard-drive to a Windows machine which is in stand by?

  - by Adal

  Can I add a SATA drive to a Windows 7 machine which is in standby mode? The hardware supports hot-plug. Could pulling the drive out while in standby corrupt the data on the drive (unflushed caches, ...)? Does Windows flush before standing by? How about swapping a drive with another drive of different kind (SSD - mechanical disk) and size, also while in stand-by. Could the OS when waking up believe that the old drive is still there, and write to it and thus corrupt it, since the new one has different partitions and data?

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• Server drives: 2.5" SCSI less reliable than 3.5" ?

  - by Bill

  Just had an HP 2.5" SAS 10k drive fail on a RAID5 array after about 2.5 years. It made me wonder if this was a fluke or an indication that 2.5" drives are less reliable than 3.5" SAS drives. I've had many 3.5" SAS drives running for many years without any issues (knock on wood). I would think that smaller drives would generate less heat and therefore be more reliable, but couldn't find any evidence of this. I realize all drives will eventually fail and that it's a crap shoot with any particular model, but was hoping someone could point out some related studies or comment on the SCSI drive sizes they've found to be most reliable in servers. Thanks.

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• Issue with broken disk on Solaris with raidctl - how to proceed

  - by weismat

  I have a SunFire T2000 server which has 2 mirrored disks pairs. The server required an exchange of the system battery. After swaping the battery first no disks were found. After booting from CD we managed to find the disks, but now one disk is broken and the raidctl reports a failed synchronisation. The boot process stops now when trying to mount the file systems. The power light of the broken drive is not even blinking. What is the best way to proceed now ? Fortunately I could live with loosing the data on the drive as it is backed up, but I would like to keep the rest of the data as it contains /etc and get the server booting again.

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• What happens to missed writes after a zpool clear?

  - by Kevin

  I am trying to understand ZFS' behaviour under a specific condition, but the documentation is not very explicit about this so I'm left guessing. Suppose we have a zpool with redundancy. Take the following sequence of events: A problem arises in the connection between device D and the server. This causes a large number of failures and ZFS therefore faults the device, putting the pool in degraded state. While the pool is in degraded state, the pool is mutated (data is written and/or changed.) The connectivity issue is physically repaired such that device D is reliable again. Knowing that most data on D is valid, and not wanting to stress the pool with a resilver needlessly, the admin instead runs zpool clear pool D. This is indicated by Oracle's documentation as the appropriate action where the fault was due to a transient problem that has been corrected. I've read that zpool clear only clears the error counter, and restores the device to online status. However, this is a bit troubling, because if that's all it does, it will leave the pool in an inconsistent state! This is because mutations in step 2 will not have been successfully written to D. Instead, D will reflect the state of the pool prior to the connectivity failure. This is of course not the normative state for a zpool and could lead to hard data loss upon failure of another device - however, the pool status will not reflect this issue! I would at least assume based on ZFS' robust integrity mechanisms that an attempt to read the mutated data from D would catch the mistakes and repair them. However, this raises two problems: Reads are not guaranteed to hit all mutations unless a scrub is done; and Once ZFS does hit the mutated data, it (I'm guessing) might fault the drive again because it would appear to ZFS to be corrupting data, since it doesn't remember the previous write failures. Theoretically, ZFS could circumvent this problem by keeping track of mutations that occur during a degraded state, and writing them back to D when it's cleared. For some reason I suspect that's not what happens, though. I'm hoping someone with intimate knowledge of ZFS can shed some light on this aspect.

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• How is it possible for SSD's drives to have such a good latency?

  - by tigrou

  First time i read some information about SSD's, i was surprised to learn they internally use NAND flash chips. This kind of memory is generally slow (low bandwidth) and have high latency while SSD's are just the opposite. But here is how it works : SSD drives increase their bandwidth by using several NAND flash chips in parallel. In other words, they do some data striping (aka RAID0) across several chips (done by the controller). What i don't understand is how SSD's drives have such a low latency, whereas they are using NAND chips? (or at least lot better than what a typical single NAND chip would do) EDIT: I think under-estimate NAND chip capabilities. USB drives, while powered by NAND's are mostly limited by USB protocol (which have a pretty high latency) and the USB controller. That explain their poor performance in some cases.

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• Installing Solaris 10 on sunT5220 - ZFS/UFS raid 10?

  - by Matthew

  I am in a bit of a time crunch, and need to get two T5220's built. We were very happy to see two boxes in our aged inventory which had 8 HDD's each, but didn't think to check if they were running hardware RAID or not. Turns out that they aren't. When we install, we are given the option to use UFS or ZFS, but when we select a place to install we're only given the option of installing on one single disk. Is it possible to create a software raid 10 across all of the disks and install the OS on that? Sorry if any lingo is wrong, I'm not really a Sun guy and our guru is out of town right now. Any help would be really appreciated! Note: Most of the guides I've found on google entail installing the OS on a single disk, and then creating a separate RAID 10 on other disks. We would actually like the OS to reside on the RAID 10. Hope that clarifies things.

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• Expendable, Redundant, Easily recoverable

  - by MeIr

  I am desperate at this point, I have been looking for "Big storage" solution for a while on my own and I can't find anything that would suite my needs. But now push came to shove. Current situation: I have about 6TB data storage (already full) - Drobo. Yesterday Drobo died on me and it put me into bad situation - I can't recover my data without buying another Drobo. From extensive research online I realized that Drobo is not the safest bet and by now it seems very poor choice. I ordered new Drobo to try to get my data back, however I don't want to be in the same situation later and continuing using Drobo promises this event to re-occur. What I am looking for: 1) Inexpensive setup. 2) Dynamically extendable - add more drives and/or replace a drive with bigger capacity. 3) Redundant - setup against 1-3 drive failure, will depend on total number of drives. For the sake of argument let's assume for every 4 drives one should be able to fail without data loss. 4) Easy data recovery - let's say unforeseen happens, I would like to be able to recover information without buying new tools or replacements - example: new Drobo. 5) Should be USB or Network Attach Storage 6) No demand on speed. Doesn't have to be fast, I am not doing video editing on the setup. However if option exists, would be nice to have a decent speed. After thoughts: I reviewed few options and FreeNAS looks nice, but it doesn't have #2 - Dynamic extendability. There are work around with Pools but it seems a bit complicated and unnecessary. More over it seems like data safety is a big question - saw some horror stories. Please advise on what options I have and what seems like an optimal solution (if any). I don't care if it has to be Windows or Linux box or any other OS and/or software that has to run on top, but simple solution is more attractive. Thank you! P.S: Feel free to ignore "After thoughts".

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• Need recommendations for a hardy scanner that has a robust feeder tray

  - by JohnyD

  In the early days of our company all our information came in on paper and all of what we sold was on paper. Because of this we literally rent our an old bank vault to house the millions of sheets of paper that, some say, still contain relevant information. That being said, I'm looking into purchasing some hardware capable of scanning all these documents and converting them to pdf. Being new at this level of digitization I would like to ask for recommendations for accomplishing this task. Most of this material exists as separate bound studies/articles/etc. Someone would have to remove the bindings and be able to load many pages at a time and have the scanner feed them all through and convert them to a single pdf (single pdf per study/article/etc). If you have any recommendations I would very much appreciate hearing about them, thanks.

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• How SSD's drives reduce their latency?

  - by tigrou

  First time i read some information about SSD's, i was surprised to learn they internally use NAND flash chips. This kind of memory is generally slow (low bandwidth) and have high latency while SSD's are just the opposite. But here is how it works : SSD drives increase their bandwidth by using several NAND flash chips in parallel. In other words, they do some data striping (aka RAID0) across several chips (done by the controller). What i don't understand is how SSD's drives managed to reduce latency? (or at least lot better than what a single NAND chip without any controller can do)

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• How can one implement RAID1 with a Dell Latitude laptop containing one normal hard drive, and one hard drive in an external bay?

  - by user12583188

  OS: Win7 professional Laptop: latitude e6420 The answer to this question should address how to deploy RAID1 software wise on a dell latitude e6420. I have two Hitachi Z5K500 320GB drives (new). There is one hard drive (320GB capacity) in the system now, which contains the current installation that I would prefer to keep. The drive currently inside the laptop will be replaced with one of the Hitachi drives, and the other Hitachi drive will be fitted into the laptop by way of a Dell hard drive "caddy" enclosure, which inserts into the media bay of the laptop (you remove the cd-rom bay, insert hd-bay).

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• HP DL380 G5 Predictive failure of a new drive

  - by CharlieJ

  Consolidated Error Report: Controller: Smart Array P400 in slot 3 Device: Physical Drive 1I:1:1 Message: Predictive failure. We have an HP DL380 G5 server with two 72GB 15k SAS drives configured in RAID1. A couple weeks ago, the server reported a drive failure on Drive 1. We replaced the drive with a brand new HDD -- same spares number. A few days ago, the server started reporting a predictive drive failure on the new drive, in the same bay. Is it likely the new drive is bad... or more likely we have a bay failure problem? This is a production server, so any advice would be appreciated. I have another spare drive, so I can hot swap it if this is a fluke and new drive is just bad. THANKS! CharlieJ

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• ZFS Configuration advice

  - by rbarrette

  I need some advice on configuring ZFS. Here is what I have: Physical Disks: 4x 3 TB 2x 2 TB 2x 1 TB What is the best configuration for my Vdevs and storage pool. I want to maximaze space but still maintain redundancy. Should I just get 2 more 3TB's and just create 2x 3-3TB raid2z storage pools? Create a 1x 4-3TB raidz2 vdev? Can I put redundancy at the pool level and create individual vdevs for each drive and then add 2x 1TB+2TB striped vdevs to keep all vdevs the same size. Keep in mind I do need to migrate data from the smaller drives and am planning on adding more 3tb drives later on. What do you think?

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• Is it possible to create a Mirror or Stripe volume for the boot partition in Windows 2008/R2?

  - by Georgios

  Hello, I have a server with two identical disks and I have installed Windows Server 2008 R2 on C, which is a 60GB volume on Disk 0. Using the disk manager, I have attempted to create both a Mirror and Stripe volume in Disk 1 but every time I get the same error "No extents found in the plex". This error occurs after Windows has converted both disks to Dynamic. The fact that the manager allows me to attempt to do this would point to the fact that this is possible. However I have been unable to find any solutions to this error. Any ideas on how to solve this? Thanks Georgios

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• When using RAID10 + BBWC why is it better to separate PostgreSQL data files from OS and transaction logs than to keep them all on the same array?

  - by Vlad

  I've seen the advice everywhere (including here and here): keep your OS partition, DB data files and DB transaction logs on separate discs/arrays. The general recommendation is to use RAID1 for OS, RAID10 for data (or RAID5 if load is very read-biased) and RAID1 for transaction logs. However, considering that you will need at least 6 or 8 drives to build this setup, wouldn't a RAID10 over 6-8 drives with BBWC perform better? What if the drives are SSDs? I'm talking here about internal server drives, not SAN.

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• Uncorrectable machine check

  - by GregC

  I am experiencing rare but real unrecoverable machine checks on HP DL370 G6 dual-core Xeon server. I ran memtest86+ before, and ran CPU-intensive operations without any problems. In your opinion, does this indicate a real problem, or is it normal and expected behavior? How would you approach this problem? EDIT after some troubleshooting, it seems that these machine checks, as well as problems when showing device manager can be traced back to NC375i NICs. All is well when the NICs are not in the server. Further improvements to stability of HP Gen6 with Intel Xeon have been brought in with BIOS update in September 2013 HP Update DVD. Intel's newer microcode makes these CPUs much more stable. We haven't seen hardware-related BSODs since the update in September.

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• Can I split one RAID1 partition in two?

  - by Prosys

  I have a linux box with CentOS 6.2 and a RAID1 (2x 2Tb) configuration: /dev/md1 -> / (10G) /dev/md2 -> /home (1.9T) I want to split the md2 in two different partitions, so I can get the following configuration: /dev/md1 -> / (10G) /dev/md2 -> /home (1T) /dev/md3 -> /example (900G) How can I achieve this? I already know that I can resize the partition, but that doesn't alter the real partition table (only the md device), so how can I do this?

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• Does the size of the monitor Matter?

  - by Arsheep

  I have a old computer, and I want to buy a big LCD. The best I've found so far is Viewsonic's 24" LCD TFT monitor. So will it run without any problems, or do I need to upgrade the video cards or something as well? The computer is not too old: it has P4 board and celeron processor, with 128 graphics memory. And in display properties, it says that the maxium that I can use is 1280 x 1024 resolution. I am noob hardware-wise, so need help on this stuff. Thanks

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• Dead USB flash drive

  - by Unsliced

  So a friend has come to me with a problem. They have a dead USB thumb drive which no longer responds when plugged into a machine. I've tried it in a Mac and it doesn't even respond, at least on a Windows XP machine it sees that it is there but can't show it in explorer, just that whatever is plugged in has malfunctioned. There is obviously current because the activity light on the drive illuminates. I'm looking for suggestions, please. I have access to Mac or Windows hardware and am happy to experiment (and even to pay if the solution works!) It's a bit late to recommend regular backups, but in the lack of that, what's the next best forensic advice? Edit: I should stress that, if possible, we're trying to rescue the data, after all, thumb drives are basically disposable and hardly worth the bother if there's no emotional or functional reason for wanting to rescue it!

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• Remote Desktop AND monitor fail on restart (Win2008R2)

  - by Wesley

  I am in the process of building a small 3 server farm. Each machine is running Window Server 2008 R2. As is normal, I am in the process of installing patch after patch to bring the machine up to snuff. Every time I restart the machine, or most every time, when I try to remote in to the machine I get the Log In window, but then almost immediately I get the message that my remote session was ended. If I physically walk over to the machine and plug in a monitor and keyboard, I see nothing. If I leave the keyboard and monitor in and restart the machine by force, the computer reboots just fine. When windows starts, I get no error message about windows not starting or being shut off unexpectedly. Once I log into the machine physically by the keyboard, I can then remote in to the machine at that point. Very confused. This happens on all 3 machines, these machines have different hardware.

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