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• SQL SERVER – Weekly Series – Memory Lane – #052

  - by Pinal Dave

  Let us continue with the final episode of the Memory Lane Series. Here is the list of selected articles of SQLAuthority.com across all these years. Instead of just listing all the articles I have selected a few of my most favorite articles and have listed them here with additional notes below it. Let me know which one of the following is your favorite article from memory lane. 2007 Set Server Level FILLFACTOR Using T-SQL Script Specifies a percentage that indicates how full the Database Engine should make the leaf level of each index page during index creation or alteration. fillfactor must be an integer value from 1 to 100. The default is 0. Limitation of Online Index Rebuld Operation Online operation means when online operations are happening in the database are in normal operational condition, the processes which are participating in online operations does not require exclusive access to the database. Get Permissions of My Username / Userlogin on Server / Database A few days ago, I was invited to one of the largest database company. I was asked to review database schema and propose changes to it. There was special username or user logic was created for me, so I can review their database. I was very much interested to know what kind of permissions I was assigned per server level and database level. I did not feel like asking Sr. DBA the question about permissions. Simple Example of WHILE Loop With CONTINUE and BREAK Keywords This question is one of those questions which is very simple and most of the users get it correct, however few users find it confusing for the first time. I have tried to explain the usage of simple WHILE loop in the first example. BREAK keyword will exit the stop the while loop and control is moved to the next statement after the while loop. CONTINUE keyword skips all the statement after its execution and control is sent to the first statement of while loop. Forced Parameterization and Simple Parameterization – T-SQL and SSMS When the PARAMETERIZATION option is set to FORCED, any literal value that appears in a SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement is converted to a parameter during query compilation. When the PARAMETERIZATION database option is SET to SIMPLE, the SQL Server query optimizer may choose to parameterize the queries. 2008 Transaction and Local Variables – Swap Variables – Update All At Once Concept Summary : Transaction have no effect over memory variables. When UPDATE statement is applied over any table (physical or memory) all the updates are applied at one time together when the statement is committed. First of all I suggest that you read the article listed above about the effect of transaction on local variant. As seen there local variables are independent of any transaction effect. Simulate INNER JOIN using LEFT JOIN statement – Performance Analysis Just a day ago, while I was working with JOINs I find one interesting observation, which has prompted me to create following example. Before we continue further let me make very clear that INNER JOIN should be used where it cannot be used and simulating INNER JOIN using any other JOINs will degrade the performance. If there are scopes to convert any OUTER JOIN to INNER JOIN it should be done with priority. 2009 Introduction to Business Intelligence – Important Terms & Definitions Business intelligence (BI) is a broad category of application programs and technologies for gathering, storing, analyzing, and providing access to data from various data sources, thus providing enterprise users with reliable and timely information and analysis for improved decision making. Difference Between Candidate Keys and Primary Key Candidate Key – A Candidate Key can be any column or a combination of columns that can qualify as unique key in database. There can be multiple Candidate Keys in one table. Each Candidate Key can qualify as Primary Key. Primary Key – A Primary Key is a column or a combination of columns that uniquely identify a record. Only one Candidate Key can be Primary Key. 2010 Taking Multiple Backup of Database in Single Command – Mirrored Database Backup I recently had a very interesting experience. In one of my recent consultancy works, I was told by our client that they are going to take the backup of the database and will also a copy of it at the same time. I expressed that it was surely possible if they were going to use a mirror command. In addition, they told me that whenever they take two copies of the database, the size of the database, is always reduced. Now this was something not clear to me, I said it was not possible and so I asked them to show me the script. Corrupted Backup File and Unsuccessful Restore The CTO, who was also present at the location, got very upset with this situation. He then asked when the last successful restore test was done. As expected, the answer was NEVER.There were no successful restore tests done before. During that time, I was present and I could clearly see the stress, confusion, carelessness and anger around me. I did not appreciate the feeling and I was pretty sure that no one in there wanted the atmosphere like me. 2011 TRACEWRITE – Wait Type – Wait Related to Buffer and Resolution SQL Trace is a SQL Server database engine technology which monitors specific events generated when various actions occur in the database engine. When any event is fired it goes through various stages as well various routes. One of the routes is Trace I/O Provider, which sends data to its final destination either as a file or rowset. DATEDIFF – Accuracy of Various Dateparts If you want to have accuracy in seconds, you need to use a different approach. In the first example, the accurate method is to find the number of seconds first and then divide it by 60 to convert it in minutes. Dedicated Access Control for SQL Server Express Edition http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1k00z82u4OI Book Signing at SQLPASS 2012 Who I Am And How I Got Here – True Story as Blog Post If there was a shortcut to success – I want to know. I learnt SQL Server hard way and I am still learning. There are so many things, I have to learn. There is not enough time to learn everything which we want to learn. I am constantly working on it every day. I welcome you to join my journey as well. Please join me in my journey to learn SQL Server – more the merrier. Vacation, Travel and Study – A New Concept Even those who have advanced degrees and went to college for years, or even decades, find studying hard.  There is a difference between studying for a career and studying for a certification.  At least to get a degree there is a variety of subjects, with labs, exams, and practice problems to make things more interesting. Order By Numeric Values Formatted as String We have a table which has a column containing alphanumeric data. The data always has first as an integer and later part as a string. The business need is to order the data based on the first part of the alphanumeric data which is an integer. Now the problem is that no matter how we use ORDER BY the result is not produced as expected. Let us understand this with an example. Resolving SQL Server Connection Errors – SQL in Sixty Seconds #030 – Video One of the most famous errors related to SQL Server is about connecting to SQL Server itself. Here is how it goes, most of the time developers have worked with SQL Server and knows pretty much every error which they face during development language. However, hardly they install fresh SQL Server. As the installation of the SQL Server is a rare occasion unless you are a DBA who is responsible for such an instance – the error faced during installations are pretty rare as well. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1k00z82u4OI Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Memory Lane, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• Is INT_MIN-1 an underflow or overflow?

  - by Johannes Schaub - litb

  I seem to remember that I was reading that underflow means you have a too small magnitude that cannot be presented anymore in a type overflow means you have a too large magnitude that cannot be presented anymore in a type However, in practice I perceive that the terms are used such that underflow means you have a too small value that cannot be presented anymore in a type overflow means you have a too large value that cannot be presented anymore in a type What is the correct meaning to use here? Are the terms defined differently for integer and floating point types?

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• SQL SERVER – Order By Numeric Values Formatted as String

  - by pinaldave

  When I was writing this blog post I had a hard time to come up with the title of the blog post so I did my best to come up with one. Here is the reason why? I wrote a blog post earlier SQL SERVER – Find First Non-Numeric Character from String. One of the questions was that how that blog can be useful in real life scenario. This blog post is the answer to that question. Let us first see a problem. We have a table which has a column containing alphanumeric data. The data always has first as an integer and later part as a string. The business need is to order the data based on the first part of the alphanumeric data which is an integer. Now the problem is that no matter how we use ORDER BY the result is not produced as expected. Let us understand this with example. Prepare a sample data: -- How to find first non numberic character USE tempdb GO CREATE TABLE MyTable (ID INT, Col1 VARCHAR(100)) GO INSERT INTO MyTable (ID, Col1) SELECT 1, '1one' UNION ALL SELECT 2, '11eleven' UNION ALL SELECT 3, '2two' UNION ALL SELECT 4, '22twentytwo' UNION ALL SELECT 5, '111oneeleven' GO -- Select Data SELECT * FROM MyTable GO The above query will give following result set. Now let us use ORDER BY COL1 and observe the result along with Original SELECT. -- Select Data SELECT * FROM MyTable GO -- Select Data SELECT * FROM MyTable ORDER BY Col1 GO The result of the table is not as per expected. We need the result in following format. Here is the good example of how we can use PATINDEX. -- Use of PATINDEX SELECT ID, LEFT(Col1,PATINDEX('%[^0-9]%',Col1)-1) 'Numeric Character', Col1 'Original Character' FROM MyTable ORDER BY LEFT(Col1,PATINDEX('%[^0-9]%',Col1)-1) GO We can use PATINDEX to identify the length of the digit part in the alphanumeric string (Remember: Our string has a first part as an int always. It will not work in any other scenario). Now you can use the LEFT function to extract the INT portion from the alphanumeric string and order the data according to it. You can easily clean up the script by dropping following table. DROP TABLE MyTable GO Here is the complete script so you can easily refer it. -- How to find first non numberic character USE tempdb GO CREATE TABLE MyTable (ID INT, Col1 VARCHAR(100)) GO INSERT INTO MyTable (ID, Col1) SELECT 1, '1one' UNION ALL SELECT 2, '11eleven' UNION ALL SELECT 3, '2two' UNION ALL SELECT 4, '22twentytwo' UNION ALL SELECT 5, '111oneeleven' GO -- Select Data SELECT * FROM MyTable GO -- Select Data SELECT * FROM MyTable ORDER BY Col1 GO -- Use of PATINDEX SELECT ID, Col1 'Original Character' FROM MyTable ORDER BY LEFT(Col1,PATINDEX('%[^0-9]%',Col1)-1) GO DROP TABLE MyTable GO Well, isn’t it an interesting solution. Any suggestion for better solution? Additionally any suggestion for changing the title of this blog post? Reference : Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL String, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• SQL SERVER – Simple Explanation and Puzzle with SOUNDEX Function and DIFFERENCE Function

  - by pinaldave

  Earlier this week I asked a question where I asked how to Swap Values of the column without using CASE Statement. Read here: A Puzzle – Swap Value of Column Without Case Statement,there were more than 50 solutions proposed in the comment. There were many creative solutions. I have mentioned my personal favorite (different ones) here: Solution of Puzzle – Swap Value of Column Without Case Statement. However, I received lots of questions regarding one of the Solution by SIJIN KUMAR V P. He has used the function SOUNDEX in his solution. The request was to explain how SOUNDEX and DIFFERENCE works. Well, there are pretty decent documentations provided over here SOUNDEX function and DIFFERENCE over on MSDN and if I attempt to explain this function I will end up writing the same details which are available on MSDN. Instead of writing theory, we will try to learn this function by using a couple of simple puzzles. You try to solve the puzzles using the MSDN and see if you can learn something very quickly. In simple words - SOUNDEX converts an alphanumeric string to a four-character code to find similar-sounding words or names. The first character of the code is the first character of character_expression and the second through fourth characters of the code are numbers that represent the letters in the expression. Vowels incharacter_expression are ignored unless they are the first letter of the string. DIFFERENCE function returns an integer value. The  integer returned is the number of characters in the SOUNDEX values that are the same. The return value ranges from 0 through 4: 0 indicates weak or no similarity, and 4 indicates strong similarity or the same values. Learning Puzzle 1: Now let us run following four queries and observe its output. SELECT SOUNDEX('SQLAuthority') SdxValue SELECT SOUNDEX('SLTR') SdxValue SELECT SOUNDEX('SaLaTaRa') SdxValue SELECT SOUNDEX('SaLaTaRaM') SdxValue When you look at the result set all the four values are same. The reason for all the values to be same is as for SQL Server SOUNDEX function all the four strings are similarly sounding string. Learning Puzzle 2: Now let us run following five queries and observe its output. SELECT DIFFERENCE (SOUNDEX('SLTR'),SOUNDEX('SQLAuthority')) SELECT DIFFERENCE (SOUNDEX('TH'),SOUNDEX('SQLAuthority')) SELECT DIFFERENCE ('SQLAuthority',SOUNDEX('SQLAuthority')) SELECT DIFFERENCE ('SLTR',SOUNDEX('SQLAuthority')) SELECT DIFFERENCE ('SLTR','SQLAuthority') When you look at the result set you will get the result in the ranges from 1 to 4. Here is how it works if your result is 0 which means absolutely not relevant to each other and if your result is 1 which means the results are relevant to each other. Have you ever used above two functions in your business need or on production server? If yes, would you please leave a comment with use cases. I believe it will be beneficial to everyone. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Puzzle, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• Would you expect this error ?

  - by GrumpyOldDBA

  Now I know why, but what I'm thinking is that if I create an error should I get valid data returned? To explain, I was browsing through the dmvs for queries which might benefit from tuning and I identified a query with two clustered index scans ( table scans ). I don't know all the schema off by heart and I was looking for a select by a LoginID column. I assumed this would be numeric and promptly entered an integer value to examine the query plan, yeah I should have looked at the table definition...(read more)

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• Increasing deadlocks with NoLock

  - by Dave Ballantyne

  One on my personnel pet issues is with inappropriate use of the NOLOCK hint (and read uncommitted) .  Dont get me wrong, I have used it in exceptional circumstances , but as a general statement it is a bad thing.  Mostly , when NOLOCK, is used the discussion is around a single statement,  “it runs faster with nolock for XYZ reason”,  however ,IMO, this is quite a shorted sighted view.  What about the Transaction ? What about other concurrent users ?  What is good for one statement in isolation , does not mean that it is good for the system as a whole.  I have seen on a number of occasions deadlocks happen, when tasks that would of(and should of) be blocked continue to execute, only for a deadlock to occur at a later data writing (INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE) statement.  Writers will block writers regardless of isolation level. By Way of (fairly contrived ) example , lets generate some dummy tables and populate with some data drop table a go drop table b go Create Table a ( col1 integer ) go insert into a values(1) insert into a values(2) go Create Table b ( col1 integer ) go insert into b values(1) insert into b values(2) go   Now make two connections. In connection one execute set transaction isolation level read committed BEGIN TRAN Select * from a Select * from b delete from a In connection two execute set transaction isolation level read committed BEGIN TRAN Select * from a Select * from b delete from b Right now the ‘select from a’ in connection two is being blocked by the ‘delete from a’ in connection one.  This is ,IMO, quite a healthy and natural thing to be happening , some see this as a ‘slow down’, a drop in performance.  So, lets reach for our ‘NOLOCK’ magic pill.  Cancel the blocked query and ROLLBACK both transactions, then in connection one execute set transaction isolation level read uncommitted BEGIN TRAN Select * from a Select * from b delete from b and then in connection two execute set transaction isolation level read uncommitted BEGIN TRAN Select * from a Select * from b delete from a We have now solved out performance problem , no more blocking.  Lets finish the work required by the transaction, in connection one , execute delete from a Oh, ‘ performance problem’ again , its now being blocked. Still, lets complete the work in connection two…. delete from b DEADLOCK!!  It is important to be clear about the role of the select statements.  They do not participate within the deadlock, but are preventing code executing that would of.   Additionally, without the select readers to block, a deadlock would occur on the deletes with READ COMMITTED. Naturally, other isolation levels will exhibit different behaviour as to where and when they will and wont block,  and I would encourage you to read BOL and satisfy yourself that you really do NEED to NOLOCK.

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• It's called College.

  - by jeffreyabecker

  Today I saw yet another 'GUID vs int as your primary key' article. Like most of the ones I've read this was filled with technical misrepresentations and out-right fallices. Chef's famous line that "There's a time and a place for everything children" applies here. GUIDs have distinct advantages and disadvantages which should be considered when choosing a data type for the primary key. Fallacy 1: "Its easier" An integer data type(tinyint, smallint, int, bigint) is a better artifical key than a GUID because its easier to remember. I'm a firm believer that your artifical primary keys should be opaque gibberish. PK's are an implementation detail which should never be exposed to the user or relied on for business logic. If you want things to come back in an order, add and ORDER BY clause and SortOrder fields. If you want a human-usable look-up add a business key with a unique constraint. If you want to know what order things were inserted into a table add a timestamp. Fallacy 2: "Size Matters" For many applications, the size of the artifical primary key is going to be irrelevant. The particular article which kicked this post off stated repeatedly that joining against an int has better performance than joining against a GUID. In computer science the performance of your algorithm is always a function of the number of data points. This still holds true for databases. Unless your table is very large, the performance difference between an int and a guid probably isnt going to be mesurable let alone noticeable. My personal experience is that the performance becomes an issue when you start having billions of rows in the table. At this point, you should probably start looking to move from int to bigint so the effective space/performance gain isnt as much as you'd think. GUID Advantages: Insert-ability / Mergeability: You can reliably insert guids into tables without key collisions. Database Independence: Saving entities to the database often requires knowing ids. With identity based ids the id must be selected back after every insert. GUIDs can be generated application-side allowing much faster inserts. GUID Disadvantages: Generatability: You can calculate the next id for an integer pk pretty easily in your head but will need a program to generate GUIDs. Solution: "Select top 100 newid() from sysobjects" Fragmentation: most GUID generation algorithms generate pseudo random GUIDs. This can cause inserts into the middle of your clustered index. Solutions: add a default of newsequentialid() or use GuidComb in NHibernate.

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• Dual Monitor (Monitor and TV)

  - by umpirsky

  I connected TV to my computer, and trying to set dual display. Whatever resolution I choose for my second display (TV) I get message like this: The selected configuration for displays could not be applied required virtual size does not fit available size: requested=(2704, 1050), minimum=(320, 200), maximum=(1680, 1680) How can I fix this? Also, while I was experimenting system went to deadlock, I restarted and after boot monitor just turns off once system is up. I boot in recovery mode and after several retries fixed it somehow, I don't know how, probably by changing display config from display manager. now I found xorg.conf.new file in my home dir: Section "ServerLayout" Identifier "X.org Configured" Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0 Screen 1 "Screen1" RightOf "Screen0" Screen 2 "Screen2" RightOf "Screen1" InputDevice "Mouse0" "CorePointer" InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard" EndSection Section "Files" ModulePath "/usr/lib/xorg/modules" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/:unscaled" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/:unscaled" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi" FontPath "/var/lib/defoma/x-ttcidfont-conf.d/dirs/TrueType" FontPath "built-ins" EndSection Section "Module" Load "extmod" Load "dbe" Load "glx" Load "dri" Load "dri2" Load "record" EndSection Section "InputDevice" Identifier "Keyboard0" Driver "kbd" EndSection Section "InputDevice" Identifier "Mouse0" Driver "mouse" Option "Protocol" "auto" Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice" Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5 6 7" EndSection Section "Monitor" Identifier "Monitor0" VendorName "Monitor Vendor" ModelName "Monitor Model" EndSection Section "Monitor" Identifier "Monitor1" VendorName "Monitor Vendor" ModelName "Monitor Model" EndSection Section "Monitor" Identifier "Monitor2" VendorName "Monitor Vendor" ModelName "Monitor Model" EndSection Section "Device" ### Available Driver options are:- ### Values: <i>: integer, <f>: float, <bool>: "True"/"False", ### <string>: "String", <freq>: "<f> Hz/kHz/MHz", ### <percent>: "<f>%" ### [arg]: arg optional #Option "NoAccel" # [<bool>] #Option "SWcursor" # [<bool>] #Option "Dac6Bit" # [<bool>] #Option "Dac8Bit" # [<bool>] #Option "BusType" # [<str>] #Option "CPPIOMode" # [<bool>] #Option "CPusecTimeout" # <i> #Option "AGPMode" # <i> #Option "AGPFastWrite" # [<bool>] #Option "AGPSize" # <i> #Option "GARTSize" # <i> #Option "RingSize" # <i> #Option "BufferSize" # <i> #Option "EnableDepthMoves" # [<bool>] #Option "EnablePageFlip" # [<bool>] #Option "NoBackBuffer" # [<bool>] #Option "DMAForXv" # [<bool>] #Option "FBTexPercent" # <i> #Option "DepthBits" # <i> #Option "PCIAPERSize" # <i> #Option "AccelDFS" # [<bool>] #Option "IgnoreEDID" # [<bool>] #Option "CustomEDID" # [<str>] #Option "DisplayPriority" # [<str>] #Option "PanelSize" # [<str>] #Option "ForceMinDotClock" # <freq> #Option "ColorTiling" # [<bool>] #Option "VideoKey" # <i> #Option "RageTheatreCrystal" # <i> #Option "RageTheatreTunerPort" # <i> #Option "RageTheatreCompositePort" # <i> #Option "RageTheatreSVideoPort" # <i> #Option "TunerType" # <i> #Option "RageTheatreMicrocPath" # <str> #Option "RageTheatreMicrocType" # <str> #Option "ScalerWidth" # <i> #Option "RenderAccel" # [<bool>] #Option "SubPixelOrder" # [<str>] #Option "ClockGating" # [<bool>] #Option "VGAAccess" # [<bool>] #Option "ReverseDDC" # [<bool>] #Option "LVDSProbePLL" # [<bool>] #Option "AccelMethod" # <str> #Option "DRI" # [<bool>] #Option "ConnectorTable" # <str> #Option "DefaultConnectorTable" # [<bool>] #Option "DefaultTMDSPLL" # [<bool>] #Option "TVDACLoadDetect" # [<bool>] #Option "ForceTVOut" # [<bool>] #Option "TVStandard" # <str> #Option "IgnoreLidStatus" # [<bool>] #Option "DefaultTVDACAdj" # [<bool>] #Option "Int10" # [<bool>] #Option "EXAVSync" # [<bool>] #Option "ATOMTVOut" # [<bool>] #Option "R4xxATOM" # [<bool>] #Option "ForceLowPowerMode" # [<bool>] #Option "DynamicPM" # [<bool>] #Option "NewPLL" # [<bool>] #Option "ZaphodHeads" # <str> Identifier "Card0" Driver "radeon" BusID "PCI:2:0:0" EndSection Section "Device" ### Available Driver options are:- ### Values: <i>: integer, <f>: float, <bool>: "True"/"False", ### <string>: "String", <freq>: "<f> Hz/kHz/MHz", ### <percent>: "<f>%" ### [arg]: arg optional #Option "ShadowFB" # [<bool>] #Option "Rotate" # <str> #Option "fbdev" # <str> #Option "debug" # [<bool>] Identifier "Card1" Driver "fbdev" BusID "PCI:2:0:0" EndSection Section "Device" ### Available Driver options are:- ### Values: <i>: integer, <f>: float, <bool>: "True"/"False", ### <string>: "String", <freq>: "<f> Hz/kHz/MHz", ### <percent>: "<f>%" ### [arg]: arg optional #Option "ShadowFB" # [<bool>] #Option "DefaultRefresh" # [<bool>] #Option "ModeSetClearScreen" # [<bool>] Identifier "Card2" Driver "vesa" BusID "PCI:2:0:0" EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "Screen0" Device "Card0" Monitor "Monitor0" SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 1 EndSubSection SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 4 EndSubSection SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 8 EndSubSection SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 15 EndSubSection SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 16 EndSubSection SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 24 EndSubSection EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "Screen1" Device "Card1" Monitor "Monitor1" SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 1 EndSubSection SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 4 EndSubSection SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 8 EndSubSection SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 15 EndSubSection SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 16 EndSubSection SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 24 EndSubSection EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "Screen2" Device "Card2" Monitor "Monitor2" SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 1 EndSubSection SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 4 EndSubSection SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 8 EndSubSection SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 15 EndSubSection SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 16 EndSubSection SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 24 EndSubSection EndSection Can I delete it? Second display (TV) only works when I check Mirror displays option.

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• What is the format of DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT?

  - by bobobobo

  I'm trying to read the values in a depth texture of type DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT. I know this means "24 bits for depth, 8 bits for stencil" "A 32-bit z-buffer format that supports 24 bits for depth and 8 bits for stencil.", but how do you interpret those 24 bits? It's clearly not going to be a 32-bit int, and it's not going to be a 32-bit float. If it is an integer value, how "far away" is a value of "1" in the depth texture?

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• T-SQL User-Defined Functions: the good, the bad, and the ugly (part 4)

  - by Hugo Kornelis

  Scalar user-defined functions are bad for performance. I already showed that for T-SQL scalar user-defined functions without and with data access, and for most CLR scalar user-defined functions without data access , and in this blog post I will show that CLR scalar user-defined functions with data access fit into that picture. First attempt Sticking to my simplistic example of finding the triple of an integer value by reading it from a pre-populated lookup table and following the standard recommendations...(read more)

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• C#/.NET Little Wonders: Comparer&lt;T&gt;.Default

  - by James Michael Hare

  I’ve been working with a wonderful team on a major release where I work, which has had the side-effect of occupying most of my spare time preparing, testing, and monitoring.  However, I do have this Little Wonder tidbit to offer today. Introduction The IComparable<T> interface is great for implementing a natural order for a data type.  It’s a very simple interface with a single method: 1: public interface IComparer<in T> 2: { 3: // Compare two instances of same type. 4: int Compare(T x, T y); 5: }  So what do we expect for the integer return value?  It’s a pseudo-relative measure of the ordering of x and y, which returns an integer value in much the same way C++ returns an integer result from the strcmp() c-style string comparison function: If x == y, returns 0. If x > y, returns > 0 (often +1, but not guaranteed) If x < y, returns < 0 (often –1, but not guaranteed) Notice that the comparison operator used to evaluate against zero should be the same comparison operator you’d use as the comparison operator between x and y.  That is, if you want to see if x > y you’d see if the result > 0. The Problem: Comparing With null Can Be Messy This gets tricky though when you have null arguments.  According to the MSDN, a null value should be considered equal to a null value, and a null value should be less than a non-null value.  So taking this into account we’d expect this instead: If x == y (or both null), return 0. If x > y (or y only is null), return > 0. If x < y (or x only is null), return < 0. But here’s the problem – if x is null, what happens when we attempt to call CompareTo() off of x? 1: // what happens if x is null? 2: x.CompareTo(y); It’s pretty obvious we’ll get a NullReferenceException here.  Now, we could guard against this before calling CompareTo(): 1: int result; 2:  3: // first check to see if lhs is null. 4: if (x == null) 5: { 6: // if lhs null, check rhs to decide on return value. 7: if (y == null) 8: { 9: result = 0; 10: } 11: else 12: { 13: result = -1; 14: } 15: } 16: else 17: { 18: // CompareTo() should handle a null y correctly and return > 0 if so. 19: result = x.CompareTo(y); 20: } Of course, we could shorten this with the ternary operator (?:), but even then it’s ugly repetitive code: 1: int result = (x == null) 2: ? ((y == null) ? 0 : -1) 3: : x.CompareTo(y); Fortunately, the null issues can be cleaned up by drafting in an external Comparer.  The Soltuion: Comparer<T>.Default You can always develop your own instance of IComparer<T> for the job of comparing two items of the same type.  The nice thing about a IComparer is its is independent of the things you are comparing, so this makes it great for comparing in an alternative order to the natural order of items, or when one or both of the items may be null. 1: public class NullableIntComparer : IComparer<int?> 2: { 3: public int Compare(int? x, int? y) 4: { 5: return (x == null) 6: ? ((y == null) ? 0 : -1) 7: : x.Value.CompareTo(y); 8: } 9: }  Now, if you want a custom sort -- especially on large-grained objects with different possible sort fields -- this is the best option you have.  But if you just want to take advantage of the natural ordering of the type, there is an easier way.  If the type you want to compare already implements IComparable<T> or if the type is System.Nullable<T> where T implements IComparable, there is a class in the System.Collections.Generic namespace called Comparer<T> which exposes a property called Default that will create a singleton that represents the default comparer for items of that type.  For example: 1: // compares integers 2: var intComparer = Comparer<int>.Default; 3:  4: // compares DateTime values 5: var dateTimeComparer = Comparer<DateTime>.Default; 6:  7: // compares nullable doubles using the null rules! 8: var nullableDoubleComparer = Comparer<double?>.Default;  This helps you avoid having to remember the messy null logic and makes it to compare objects where you don’t know if one or more of the values is null. This works especially well when creating say an IComparer<T> implementation for a large-grained class that may or may not contain a field.  For example, let’s say you want to create a sorting comparer for a stock open price, but if the market the stock is trading in hasn’t opened yet, the open price will be null.  We could handle this (assuming a reasonable Quote definition) like: 1: public class Quote 2: { 3: // the opening price of the symbol quoted 4: public double? Open { get; set; } 5:  6: // ticker symbol 7: public string Symbol { get; set; } 8:  9: // etc. 10: } 11:  12: public class OpenPriceQuoteComparer : IComparer<Quote> 13: { 14: // Compares two quotes by opening price 15: public int Compare(Quote x, Quote y) 16: { 17: return Comparer<double?>.Default.Compare(x.Open, y.Open); 18: } 19: } Summary Defining a custom comparer is often needed for non-natural ordering or defining alternative orderings, but when you just want to compare two items that are IComparable<T> and account for null behavior, you can use the Comparer<T>.Default comparer generator and you’ll never have to worry about correct null value sorting again.     Technorati Tags: C#,.NET,Little Wonders,BlackRabbitCoder,IComparable,Comparer

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• SQL Server Cast

  - by Derek Dieter

  The SQL Server cast function is the easiest data type conversion function to be used compared to the CONVERT function. It takes only one parameter followed by the AS clause to convert a specified value. A quick example is the following:SELECT UserID_String = CAST(UserID AS varchar(50)) FROM dbo.UserThis example will convert the integer to a character value. [...]

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• Card deck and sparse matrix interview questions

  - by MrDatabase

  I just had a technical phone screen w/ a start-up. Here's the technical questions I was asked ... and my answers. What do think of these answers? Feel free to post better answers :-) Question 1: how would you represent a standard 52 card deck in (basically any language)? How would you shuffle the deck? Answer: use an array containing a "Card" struct or class. Each instance of card has some unique identifier... either it's position in the array or a unique integer member variable in the range [0, 51]. Shuffle the cards by traversing the array once from index zero to index 51. Randomly swap ith card with "another card" (I didn't remember how this shuffle algorithm works exactly). Watch out for using the same probability for each card... that's a gotcha in this algorithm. I mentioned the algorithm is from Programming Pearls. Question 2: how to represent a large sparse matrix? the matrix can be very large... like 1000x1000... but only a relatively small number (~20) of the entries are non-zero. Answer: condense the array into a list of the non-zero entries. for a given entry (i,j) in the array... "map" (i,j) to a single integer k... then use k as a key into a dictionary or hashtable. For the 1000x1000 sparse array map (i,j) to k using something like f(i, j) = i + j * 1001. 1001 is just one plus the maximum of all i and j. I didn't recall exactly how this mapping worked... but the interviewer got the idea (I think). Are these good answers? I'm wondering because after I finished the second question the interviewer said the dreaded "well that's all the questions I have for now." Cheers!

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• Sub query pass through

  - by SQL and the like

  Occasionally in forums and on client sites I see conditional subqueries in statements. This is where the developer has decided that it is only necessary to process some data under a certain condition.  By way of example, something like this : Create Procedure GetOrder @SalesOrderId integer, @CountDetails tinyint as Select SOH.salesorderid , case when @CountDetails = 1 then (Select count(*) from Sales.SalesOrderDetail SOD where SOH.SalesOrderID = SOD.SalesOrderID) end from sales.SalesOrderHeader...(read more)

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• Multithreading: Communication from Parent thread to child thread

  - by Dennis Nowland

  I have a List of threads normally 3 threads each of the threads reference a webbrowser control that communicates with the parent control to populate a datagridview. What I need to do is when the user clicks the button in a datagridviewButtonCell corresponding data will be sent back to the webbrowser control within the child thread that originally communicated with the main thread. but when I try to do this I receive the following error message 'COM object that has been separated from its underlying RCW cannot be used.' my problem is that I can not figure out how to reference the relevant webbrowser control. I would appreciate any help that anyone can give me. The language used is c# winforms .Net 4.0 targeted Code sample: The following code is executed when user click on the Start button in the main thread private void StartSubmit(object idx) { /* method used by the new thread to initialise a 'myBrowser' inherited from the webbrowser control each submitters object is an a custom Control called 'myBrowser' which holds detail about the function of the object eg: */ //index: is an integer value which represents the threads id int index = (int)idx; //submitters[index] is an instance of the 'myBrowser' control submitters[index] = new myBrowser(); //threads integer id submitters[index]._ThreadNum = index; // naming convention used 'browser' +the thread index submitters[index].Name = "browser" + index; //set list in 'myBrowser' class to hold a copy of the list found in the main thread submitters[index]._dirs = dirLists[index]; // suppress and javascript errors the may occur in the 'myBrowser' control submitters[index].ScriptErrorsSuppressed = true; //execute eventHandler submitters[index].DocumentCompleted += new WebBrowserDocumentCompletedEventHandler(DocumentCompleted); //advance to the next un-opened address in datagridview the navigate the that address //in the 'myBrowser' control. SetNextDir(submitters[index]); } private void btnStart_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { // used to fill list<string> for use in each thread. fillDirs(); //connections is the list<Thread> holding the thread that have been opened //1 to 10 maximum for (int n = 0; n < (connections.Length); n++) { //initialise new thread to the StartSubmit method passing parameters connections[n] = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(StartSubmit)); // naming convention used conn + the threadIndex ie: 'conn1' to 'conn10' connections[n].Name = "conn" + n.ToString(); // due to the webbrowser control needing to be ran in the single //apartment state connections[n].SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA); //start thread passing the threadIndex connections[n].Start(n); } } Once the 'myBrowser' control is fully loaded I am inserting form data into webforms found in webpages loaded via data enter into rows found in the datagridview. Once a user has entered the relevant details into the different areas in the row the can then clicking a DataGridViewButtonCell that has tha collects the data entered and then has to be send back to the corresponding 'myBrowser' object that is found on a child thread. Thank you

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• REST to Objects in C#

  RESTful interfaces for web services are all the rage for many Web 2.0 sites.  If you want to consume these in a very simple fashion, LINQ to XML can do the job pretty easily in C#.  If you go searching for help on this, youll find a lot of incomplete solutions and fairly large toolkits and frameworks (guess how I know this) this quick article is meant to be a no fluff just stuff approach to making this work. POCO Objects Lets assume you have a Model that you want to suck data into from a RESTful web service.  Ideally this is a Plain Old CLR Object, meaning it isnt infected with any persistence or serialization goop.  It might look something like this: public class Entry { public int Id; public int UserId; public DateTime Date; public float Hours; public string Notes; public bool Billable;   public override string ToString() { return String.Format("[{0}] User: {1} Date: {2} Hours: {3} Notes: {4} Billable {5}", Id, UserId, Date, Hours, Notes, Billable); } } Not that this isnt a completely trivial object.  Lets look at the API for the service.  RESTful HTTP Service In this case, its TickSpots API, with the following sample output: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <entries type="array"> <entry> <id type="integer">24</id> <task_id type="integer">14</task_id> <user_id type="integer">3</user_id> <date type="date">2008-03-08</date> <hours type="float">1.00</hours> <notes>Had trouble with tribbles.</notes> <billable>true</billable> # Billable is an attribute inherited from the task <billed>true</billed> # Billed is an attribute to track whether the entry has been invoiced <created_at type="datetime">Tue, 07 Oct 2008 14:46:16 -0400</created_at> <updated_at type="datetime">Tue, 07 Oct 2008 14:46:16 -0400</updated_at> # The following attributes are derived and provided for informational purposes: <user_email>[email protected]</user_email> <task_name>Remove converter assembly</task_name> <sum_hours type="float">2.00</sum_hours> <budget type="float">10.00</budget> <project_name>Realign dilithium crystals</project_name> <client_name>Starfleet Command</client_name> </entry> </entries> Im assuming in this case that I dont necessarily care about all of the data fields the service is returning I just need some of them for my applications purposes.  Thus, you can see there are more elements in the <entry> XML than I have in my Entry class. Get The XML with C# The next step is to get the XML.  The following snippet does the heavy lifting once you pass it the appropriate URL: protected XElement GetResponse(string uri) { var request = WebRequest.Create(uri) as HttpWebRequest; request.UserAgent = ".NET Sample"; request.KeepAlive = false;   request.Timeout = 15 * 1000;   var response = request.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse;   if (request.HaveResponse == true && response != null) { var reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream()); return XElement.Parse(reader.ReadToEnd()); } throw new Exception("Error fetching data."); } This is adapted from the Yahoo Developer article on Web Service REST calls.  Once you have the XML, the last step is to get the data back as your POCO. Use LINQ-To-XML to Deserialize POCOs from XML This is done via the following code: public IEnumerable<Entry> List(DateTime startDate, DateTime endDate) { string additionalParameters = String.Format("start_date={0}&end_date={1}", startDate.ToShortDateString(), endDate.ToShortDateString()); string uri = BuildUrl("entries", additionalParameters);   XElement elements = GetResponse(uri);   var entries = from e in elements.Elements() where e.Name.LocalName == "entry" select new Entry { Id = int.Parse(e.Element("id").Value), UserId = int.Parse(e.Element("user_id").Value), Date = DateTime.Parse(e.Element("date").Value), Hours = float.Parse(e.Element("hours").Value), Notes = e.Element("notes").Value, Billable = bool.Parse(e.Element("billable").Value) }; return entries; }   For completeness, heres the BuildUrl method for my TickSpot API wrapper: // Change these to your settings protected const string projectDomain = "DOMAIN.tickspot.com"; private const string authParams = "[email protected]&password=MyTickSpotPassword";   protected string BuildUrl(string apiMethod, string additionalParams) { if (projectDomain.Contains("DOMAIN")) { throw new ApplicationException("You must update your domain in ProjectRepository.cs."); } if (authParams.Contains("MyTickSpotPassword")) { throw new ApplicationException("You must update your email and password in ProjectRepository.cs."); } return string.Format("https://{0}/api/{1}?{2}&{3}", projectDomain, apiMethod, authParams, additionalParams); } Thats it!  Now go forth and consume XML and map it to classes you actually want to work with.  Have fun! Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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• Developing for 2005 using VS2008!

  - by Vincent Grondin

  I joined a fairly large project recently and it has a particularity… Once finished, everything has to be sent to the client under VS2005 using VB.Net and can target either framework 2.0 or 3.0… A long time ago, the decision to use VS2008 and to target framework 3.0 was taken but people knew they would need to establish a few rules to ensure that each dev would use VS2008 as if it was VS2005… Why is that so? Well simply because the compiler in VS2005 is different from the compiler inside VS2008…  I thought it might be a good idea to note the things that you cannot use in VS2008 if you plan on going back to VS2005. Who knows, this might save someone the headache of going over all their code to fix errors… -        Do not use LinQ keywords (from, in, select, orderby…).   -        Do not use LinQ standard operators under the form of extension methods.   -        Do not use type inference (in VB.Net you can switch it OFF in each project properties). o   This means you cannot use XML Literals.   -        Do not use nullable types under the following declarative form:    Dim myInt as Integer? But using:   Dim myInt as Nullable(Of Integer)     is perfectly fine.   -        Do not test nullable types with     Is Nothing    use    myInt.HasValue     instead.   -        Do not use Lambda expressions (there is no Lambda statements in VB9) so you cannot use the keyword “Function”.   -        Pay attention not to use relaxed delegates because this one is easy to miss in VS2008   -        Do not use Object Initializers   -        Do not use the “ternary If operator” … not the IIf method but this one     If(confition, truepart, falsepart).   As a side note, I talked about not using LinQ keyword nor the extension methods but, this doesn’t mean not to use LinQ in this scenario. LinQ is perfectly accessible from inside VS2005. All you need to do is reference System.Core, use namespace System.Linq and use class “Enumerable” as a helper class… This is one of the many classes containing various methods that VS2008 sees as extensions. The trick is you can use them too! Simply remember that the first parameter of the method is the object you want to query on and then pass in the other parameters needed… That’s pretty much all I see but I could have missed a few… If you know other things that are specific to the VS2008 compiler and which do not work under VS2005, feel free to leave a comment and I’ll modify my list accordingly (and notify our team here…) ! Happy coding all!

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• REST to Objects in C#

  RESTful interfaces for web services are all the rage for many Web 2.0 sites.  If you want to consume these in a very simple fashion, LINQ to XML can do the job pretty easily in C#.  If you go searching for help on this, youll find a lot of incomplete solutions and fairly large toolkits and frameworks (guess how I know this) this quick article is meant to be a no fluff just stuff approach to making this work. POCO Objects Lets assume you have a Model that you want to suck data into from a RESTful web service.  Ideally this is a Plain Old CLR Object, meaning it isnt infected with any persistence or serialization goop.  It might look something like this: public class Entry { public int Id; public int UserId; public DateTime Date; public float Hours; public string Notes; public bool Billable;   public override string ToString() { return String.Format("[{0}] User: {1} Date: {2} Hours: {3} Notes: {4} Billable {5}", Id, UserId, Date, Hours, Notes, Billable); } } Not that this isnt a completely trivial object.  Lets look at the API for the service.  RESTful HTTP Service In this case, its TickSpots API, with the following sample output: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <entries type="array"> <entry> <id type="integer">24</id> <task_id type="integer">14</task_id> <user_id type="integer">3</user_id> <date type="date">2008-03-08</date> <hours type="float">1.00</hours> <notes>Had trouble with tribbles.</notes> <billable>true</billable> # Billable is an attribute inherited from the task <billed>true</billed> # Billed is an attribute to track whether the entry has been invoiced <created_at type="datetime">Tue, 07 Oct 2008 14:46:16 -0400</created_at> <updated_at type="datetime">Tue, 07 Oct 2008 14:46:16 -0400</updated_at> # The following attributes are derived and provided for informational purposes: <user_email>[email protected]</user_email> <task_name>Remove converter assembly</task_name> <sum_hours type="float">2.00</sum_hours> <budget type="float">10.00</budget> <project_name>Realign dilithium crystals</project_name> <client_name>Starfleet Command</client_name> </entry> </entries> Im assuming in this case that I dont necessarily care about all of the data fields the service is returning I just need some of them for my applications purposes.  Thus, you can see there are more elements in the <entry> XML than I have in my Entry class. Get The XML with C# The next step is to get the XML.  The following snippet does the heavy lifting once you pass it the appropriate URL: protected XElement GetResponse(string uri) { var request = WebRequest.Create(uri) as HttpWebRequest; request.UserAgent = ".NET Sample"; request.KeepAlive = false;   request.Timeout = 15 * 1000;   var response = request.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse;   if (request.HaveResponse == true && response != null) { var reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream()); return XElement.Parse(reader.ReadToEnd()); } throw new Exception("Error fetching data."); } This is adapted from the Yahoo Developer article on Web Service REST calls.  Once you have the XML, the last step is to get the data back as your POCO. Use LINQ-To-XML to Deserialize POCOs from XML This is done via the following code: public IEnumerable<Entry> List(DateTime startDate, DateTime endDate) { string additionalParameters = String.Format("start_date={0}&end_date={1}", startDate.ToShortDateString(), endDate.ToShortDateString()); string uri = BuildUrl("entries", additionalParameters);   XElement elements = GetResponse(uri);   var entries = from e in elements.Elements() where e.Name.LocalName == "entry" select new Entry { Id = int.Parse(e.Element("id").Value), UserId = int.Parse(e.Element("user_id").Value), Date = DateTime.Parse(e.Element("date").Value), Hours = float.Parse(e.Element("hours").Value), Notes = e.Element("notes").Value, Billable = bool.Parse(e.Element("billable").Value) }; return entries; }   For completeness, heres the BuildUrl method for my TickSpot API wrapper: // Change these to your settings protected const string projectDomain = "DOMAIN.tickspot.com"; private const string authParams = "[email protected]&password=MyTickSpotPassword";   protected string BuildUrl(string apiMethod, string additionalParams) { if (projectDomain.Contains("DOMAIN")) { throw new ApplicationException("You must update your domain in ProjectRepository.cs."); } if (authParams.Contains("MyTickSpotPassword")) { throw new ApplicationException("You must update your email and password in ProjectRepository.cs."); } return string.Format("https://{0}/api/{1}?{2}&{3}", projectDomain, apiMethod, authParams, additionalParams); } Thats it!  Now go forth and consume XML and map it to classes you actually want to work with.  Have fun! Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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• Drawing order in XNA

  - by marc wellman

  When manually setting the drawing order of game components by setting int DrawableGameComponent.DrawOrder can one use any integer numbers as long an order is defined like component1 = drawing order: 2 component2 = drawing order: 5 component3 = drawing order: 10 component4 = drawing order: 323 or do these integers have to be consecutive and starting with zero like component1 = drawing order: 0 component2 = drawing order: 1 component3 = drawing order: 2 component4 = drawing order: 3 ?

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• Displaylink USB show "Logo / Loading" on monitor

  - by Ken Le

  I tried with this problem for 2 years already. LOL, today, I install Ubuntu for I have to resolve it or I will back to stupid Windows 7. First, I have 3 monitors. My graphic card is support dual ( ATI Radeon ), so I have no problem on extend those multi monitor on VGA and DVI. The 3rd monitor is Displaylink USB. After installed everything required, when I reboot, the displaylink monitor show "Ubuntu ...." like logo / loading screen. I go to System Display , Detect monitor, it only show my 1st and 2nd, NO 3RD Displaylink. I can move my mouse between those 1st & 2nd, but the 3rd is only show the Ubuntu Screen. I press Ctrl+Alt+1, then screen switch to Displaylink USB 3RD monitor, but its "Terminal" not a desktop. Then I press Ctrl+Alt+7 , the screen switch back to my 1st, 2nd, and the displaylink 3rd is witch back to Logo / Ubuntu again. This is my /etc/X11/xorg.conf : Section "ServerLayout" Identifier "X.org Configured" Screen 0 "aticonfig-Screen[0]-0" 0 0 Screen 1 "DisplayLinkScreen" Leftof "aticonfig-Screen[0]-0" InputDevice "Mouse0" "CorePointer" InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard" EndSection Section "Files" ModulePath "/usr/lib/xorg/modules" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/:unscaled" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/:unscaled" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi" FontPath "/var/lib/defoma/x-ttcidfont-conf.d/dirs/TrueType" FontPath "built-ins" EndSection Section "Module" Load "glx" Load "dri2" Load "dbe" Load "dri" Load "record" Load "extmod" EndSection Section "InputDevice" Identifier "Keyboard0" Driver "kbd" EndSection Section "InputDevice" Identifier "Mouse0" Driver "mouse" Option "Protocol" "auto" Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice" Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5 6 7" EndSection Section "Monitor" Identifier "aticonfig-Monitor[0]-0" Option "VendorName" "ATI Proprietary Driver" Option "ModelName" "Generic Autodetecting Monitor" Option "DPMS" "true" EndSection Section "Monitor" Identifier "DisplayLinkMonitor" EndSection Section "Monitor" Identifier "0-DFP1" Option "VendorName" "ATI Proprietary Driver" Option "ModelName" "Generic Autodetecting Monitor" Option "DPMS" "true" Option "PreferredMode" "1680x1050" Option "TargetRefresh" "60" Option "Position" "0 0" Option "Rotate" "normal" Option "Disable" "false" EndSection Section "Monitor" Identifier "0-CRT2" Option "VendorName" "ATI Proprietary Driver" Option "ModelName" "Generic Autodetecting Monitor" Option "DPMS" "true" Option "PreferredMode" "1920x1080" Option "TargetRefresh" "60" Option "Position" "1680 0" Option "Rotate" "normal" Option "Disable" "false" EndSection Section "Device" ### Available Driver options are:- ### Values: <i>: integer, <f>: float, <bool>: "True"/"False", ### <string>: "String", <freq>: "<f> Hz/kHz/MHz", ### <percent>: "<f>%" ### [arg]: arg optional #Option "NoAccel" # [<bool>] #Option "SWcursor" # [<bool>] #Option "Dac6Bit" # [<bool>] #Option "Dac8Bit" # [<bool>] #Option "BusType" # [<str>] #Option "CPPIOMode" # [<bool>] #Option "CPusecTimeout" # <i> #Option "AGPMode" # <i> #Option "AGPFastWrite" # [<bool>] #Option "AGPSize" # <i> #Option "GARTSize" # <i> #Option "RingSize" # <i> #Option "BufferSize" # <i> #Option "EnableDepthMoves" # [<bool>] #Option "EnablePageFlip" # [<bool>] #Option "NoBackBuffer" # [<bool>] #Option "DMAForXv" # [<bool>] #Option "FBTexPercent" # <i> #Option "DepthBits" # <i> #Option "PCIAPERSize" # <i> #Option "AccelDFS" # [<bool>] #Option "IgnoreEDID" # [<bool>] #Option "CustomEDID" # [<str>] #Option "DisplayPriority" # [<str>] #Option "PanelSize" # [<str>] #Option "ForceMinDotClock" # <freq> #Option "ColorTiling" # [<bool>] #Option "VideoKey" # <i> #Option "RageTheatreCrystal" # <i> #Option "RageTheatreTunerPort" # <i> #Option "RageTheatreCompositePort" # <i> #Option "RageTheatreSVideoPort" # <i> #Option "TunerType" # <i> #Option "RageTheatreMicrocPath" # <str> #Option "RageTheatreMicrocType" # <str> #Option "ScalerWidth" # <i> #Option "RenderAccel" # [<bool>] #Option "SubPixelOrder" # [<str>] #Option "ClockGating" # [<bool>] #Option "VGAAccess" # [<bool>] #Option "ReverseDDC" # [<bool>] #Option "LVDSProbePLL" # [<bool>] #Option "AccelMethod" # <str> #Option "DRI" # [<bool>] #Option "ConnectorTable" # <str> #Option "DefaultConnectorTable" # [<bool>] #Option "DefaultTMDSPLL" # [<bool>] #Option "TVDACLoadDetect" # [<bool>] #Option "ForceTVOut" # [<bool>] #Option "TVStandard" # <str> #Option "IgnoreLidStatus" # [<bool>] #Option "DefaultTVDACAdj" # [<bool>] #Option "Int10" # [<bool>] #Option "EXAVSync" # [<bool>] #Option "ATOMTVOut" # [<bool>] #Option "R4xxATOM" # [<bool>] #Option "ForceLowPowerMode" # [<bool>] #Option "DynamicPM" # [<bool>] #Option "NewPLL" # [<bool>] #Option "ZaphodHeads" # <str> Identifier "Card0" Driver "radeon" BusID "PCI:5:0:0" EndSection Section "Device" ### Available Driver options are:- ### Values: <i>: integer, <f>: float, <bool>: "True"/"False", ### <string>: "String", <freq>: "<f> Hz/kHz/MHz", ### <percent>: "<f>%" ### [arg]: arg optional #Option "ShadowFB" # [<bool>] #Option "Rotate" # <str> #Option "fbdev" # <str> #Option "debug" # [<bool>] Identifier "Card1" Driver "fbdev" BusID "PCI:5:0:0" EndSection Section "Device" ### Available Driver options are:- ### Values: <i>: integer, <f>: float, <bool>: "True"/"False", ### <string>: "String", <freq>: "<f> Hz/kHz/MHz", ### <percent>: "<f>%" ### [arg]: arg optional #Option "ShadowFB" # [<bool>] #Option "DefaultRefresh" # [<bool>] #Option "ModeSetClearScreen" # [<bool>] Identifier "Card2" Driver "vesa" BusID "PCI:5:0:0" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "aticonfig-Device[0]-0" Driver "fglrx" Option "Monitor-DFP1" "0-DFP1" Option "Monitor-CRT2" "0-CRT2" BusID "PCI:5:0:0" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "DisplayLinkDevice" Driver "displaylink" Option "fbdev" "/dev/fb1" Option "ShadowFB" "off" EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "aticonfig-Screen[0]-0" Device "aticonfig-Device[0]-0" DefaultDepth 24 SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Virtual 3600 1920 Depth 24 EndSubSection EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "DisplayLinkScreen" Device "DisplayLinkDevice" Monitor "DisplayLinkMonitor" DefaultDepth 24 SubSection "Display" Depth 24 Modes "1920x1080" EndSubSection EndSection

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• Analysing Indexes - count *

  - by GrumpyOldDBA

  In my presentations on indexing I have always said that you should explore the advantages of covering your clustered index with a secondary index. In circumstances where you might want to just return values form the PK ( assuming it's your clustered index ) a secondary index will be more efficient especially when the row size is wide. Any operation on a clustered index will always return the entire row, so select ID from dbo.mytable where ID is the clustered PK integer will return not just the...(read more)

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• Fixing a NoClassDefFoundError

  - by Chris Okyen

  I have some code: package ftc; import java.util.Scanner; public class Fer_To_Cel { public static void main(String[] argv) { // Scanner object to get the temp in degrees Farenheit Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in); boolean isInt = true; // temporarily put as true in case the user enters a valid int the first time int degreesF = 0; // initialy set to 0 do { try { // Input the temperature text. System.out.print("\nPlease enter a temperature (integer number, no fractional part) in degrees Farenheit: "); degreesF = Integer.parseInt(keyboard.next()); // Get user input and Assign the far. temperature variable, which is casted from String to int. } // Let the user know in a user friendly notice that the value entered wasnt an int ( give int value range ) , and then give error log catch(java.lang.Exception e) { System.out.println("Sorry but you entered a non-int value ( needs to be between ( including ) -2,147,483,648 and 2,147,483,647 ).. \n"); e.printStackTrace(); isInt = false; } } while(!isInt); System.out.println(""); // print a new line. final int degreesC = (5*(degreesF-32)/9); // convert the degrees from F to C and store the resulting expression in degreesC // Print out a newline, then print what X degrees F is in Celcius. System.out.println("\n" + degreesF + " degrees Farenheit is " + degreesC + " degrees Celcius"); } } And The following error: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_06\bin>java Fer_To_Cel Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Fer_To_Cel (wrong name: ftc/Fer_To_Cel) at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method) at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:791) at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:14 at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:449) at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$100(URLClassLoader.java:71) at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:361) at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:355) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:354) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:423) at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:308) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:356) at sun.launcher.LauncherHelper.checkAndLoadMain(LauncherHelper.java:480) The code compiled without compile errors, but presented errors during execution. Which leads me to two questions. I know Errors can be termed Compiler, Runtime and Logic Errors, but the NoClassDefFoundError inherits java.lang.LinkageError. Does that make it a Linker error, being niether of the three types of errors I listed, If I am right this is the answer. For someone else who obtains the singular .java file and compiles it, would this be the only way to solve this problem? Or can I (should I ) do/have done something to fix this problem? Basically, based on a basis of programming, is this a fault of me as the writer? Could this be done once on, my half and be distributed and not needed be done again?

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• What are the most known arbitrary precision arithmetic implementation approaches?

  - by keykeeper

  I'm going to write a class library for .NET which provide an implementation of arbitrary precision arithmetic for integer, rational and maybe complex numbers. What best known approaches should I become familiar with? I tried to start with Knuth's TAOCP Vol.2 (Seminumerical Algorithms, Chapter 4 – Arithmetic) but it's too complicated. At least I couldn't get the ideas in a relatively short period of time.

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• Why does my code dividing a 2D array into chunks fail?

  - by Borog

  I have a 2D-Array representing my world. I want to divide this huge thing into smaller chunks to make collision detection easier. I have a Chunk class that consists only of another 2D Array with a specific width and height and I want to iterate through the world, create new Chunks and add them to a list (or maybe a Map with Coordinates as the key; we'll see about that). world = new World(8192, 1024); Integer[][] chunkArray; for(int a = 0; a < map.getHeight() / Chunk.chunkHeight; a++) { for(int b = 0; b < map.getWidth() / Chunk.chunkWidth; b++) { Chunk chunk = new Chunk(); chunkArray = new Integer[Chunk.chunkWidth][Chunk.chunkHeight]; for(int x = Chunk.chunkHeight*a; x < Chunk.chunkHeight*(a+1); x++) { for(int y = Chunk.chunkWidth*b; y < Chunk.chunkWidth*(b+1); y++) { // Yes, the tileMap actually is [height][width] I'll have // to fix that somewhere down the line -.- chunkArray[y][x] = map.getTileMap()[x*a][y*b]; // TODO:Attach to chunk } } chunkList.add(chunk); } } System.out.println(chunkList.size()); The two outer loops get a new chunk in a specific row and column. I do that by dividing the overall size of the map by the chunkSize. The inner loops then fill a new chunkArray and attach it to the chunk. But somehow my maths is broken here. Let's assume the chunkHeight = chunkWidth = 64. For the first Array I want to start at [0][0] and go until [63][63]. For the next I want to start at [64][64] and go until [127][127] and so on. But I get an out of bounds exception and can't figure out why. Any help appreciated! Actually I think I know where the problem lies: chunkArray[y][x] can't work, because y goes from 0-63 just in the first iteration. Afterwards it goes from 64-127, so sure it is out of bounds. Still no nice solution though :/ EDIT: if(y < Chunk.chunkWidth && x < Chunk.chunkHeight) chunkArray[y][x] = map.getTileMap()[y][x]; This works for the first iteration... now I need to get the commonly accepted formula.

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• Can't Run Assault Cube

  - by Debashis Pradhan

  I installed assault cube from the Software centre and it just opens for half a second and closes. When i run in it from the terminal, this is what i get - d@d-platform:~$ assaultcube Using home directory: /home/d/.assaultcube_v1.104 current locale: en_IN init: sdl init: net init: world init: video: sdl init: video: mode X Error of failed request: BadValue (integer parameter out of range for operation) Major opcode of failed request: 129 (XFree86-VidModeExtension) Minor opcode of failed request: 10 (XF86VidModeSwitchToMode) Value in failed request: 0xb3 Serial number of failed request: 131 Current serial number in output stream: 133

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