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  • How to rename multiple files by replacing word in file name geting from the shell script variables?

    - by fy6877
    This question like this thread. How to rename multiple files by replacing word in file name? My example is more complex than the above topic. The two variables are $name and $ newname getting from the shell script other location. $name and $ newname may have the unicode words or special symbles like []<?...etc,so could anyone help me to provide a method to add a part of script in shell scrit to solve file name replacing question. BTW,I try to type two kind of commands to change the part of file name, but it can't work. rename.ul '$name' '$newname' /home/fy6877/test/final/* ls /home/fy6877/test/final/|xargs -I$ rename.ul '$name' '$newname' $

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  • Is it possible to have environment variables in the path of the working directory : PS1?

    - by mthpvg
    I am on Lubuntu and I am using bash. My PS1 (in .bashrc) is : PS1="\w> " I like it because I need to paste the working directory all the time. The problem is that the path is always very long and since I use terminator I only have half of my screen's width available to display it... it is ugly and annoying. My command prompt looks like that : /this/is/a/very/long/path/that/i/want/to/make/shorter > I'd like to set in my environment variables : $tiavl=/this/is/a/very/long And then I'll get : $tiavl/path/that/i/want/to/make/shorter > The goal is to have something shorter in the command prompt but I still want to be able to copy paste it and do : cd $tiavl/path/that/i/want/to/make/shorter It is a bit like with $HOME : ~/path/that/i/want/to/make/shorter > I know where I am and I can copy paste the ~. Thanks.

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  • Adding one subquery makes query a little slower, adding another makes it way slower

    - by Jason Swett
    This is fast: select ba.name, penamt.value penamt, #address_line4.value address_line4 from account a join customer c on a.customer_id = c.id join branch br on a.branch_id = br.id join bank ba on br.bank_id = ba.id join account_address aa on aa.account_id = a.id join address ad on aa.address_id = ad.id join state s on ad.state_id = s.id join import i on a.import_id = i.id join import_bundle ib on i.import_bundle_id = ib.id join (select * from unused where heading_label = 'PENAMT') penamt ON penamt.account_id = a.id #join (select * from unused where heading_label = 'Address Line 4') address_line4 ON address_line4.account_id = a.id where i.active=1 And this is fast: select ba.name, #penamt.value penamt, address_line4.value address_line4 from account a join customer c on a.customer_id = c.id join branch br on a.branch_id = br.id join bank ba on br.bank_id = ba.id join account_address aa on aa.account_id = a.id join address ad on aa.address_id = ad.id join state s on ad.state_id = s.id join import i on a.import_id = i.id join import_bundle ib on i.import_bundle_id = ib.id #join (select * from unused where heading_label = 'PENAMT') penamt ON penamt.account_id = a.id join (select * from unused where heading_label = 'Address Line 4') address_line4 ON address_line4.account_id = a.id where i.active=1 But this is slow: select ba.name, penamt.value penamt, address_line4.value address_line4 from account a join customer c on a.customer_id = c.id join branch br on a.branch_id = br.id join bank ba on br.bank_id = ba.id join account_address aa on aa.account_id = a.id join address ad on aa.address_id = ad.id join state s on ad.state_id = s.id join import i on a.import_id = i.id join import_bundle ib on i.import_bundle_id = ib.id join (select * from unused where heading_label = 'PENAMT') penamt ON penamt.account_id = a.id join (select * from unused where heading_label = 'Address Line 4') address_line4 ON address_line4.account_id = a.id where i.active=1 Why is it fast when I include just one of the two subqueries but slow when I include both? I would think it should be twice as slow when I include both, but it takes a really long time. On on MySQL.

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  • How do I restore tab-completion on shell variables on the bash command-line?

    - by Eric
    I've long set my most-recently visited directories to shell variables d1, d2, etc. On an ancient Fedora machine I could type a command like $ cp $d1/ and the shell would replace $d1 with text like /home/acctname/projects/blog/ and would then show me the contents of .../blog, like any tab-completion. Now, both ubuntu wheezy/sid and fedora 16 just -escape the '$', and naturally there are no completions to show. You can see this behavior in action in an OSX Terminal window. On 10.8, do something like ls $HOME/ to see what I mean. Is there a bash shell variable or option that can restore the old behavior? man bash suggests this is a bug: complete (TAB) Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. Bash attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the text begins with $), username (if the text begins with ~), hostname (if the text begins with @), or command (including aliases and functions) in turn. If none of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted. I get the above described completion when a token starts with '~' or a letter. It's just '$'-completion that's broken.

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  • How does Visual Studio decide the order in which stack variables should be allocated?

    - by Jason
    I'm trying to turn some of the programs in gera's Insecure Programming by example into client/server applications that could be used in capture the flag scenarios to teach exploit development. The problem I'm having is that I'm not sure how Visual Studio (I'm using 2005 Professional Edition) decides where to allocate variables on the stack. When I compile and run example 1: int main() { int cookie; char buf[80]; printf("buf: %08x cookie: %08x\n", &buf, &cookie); gets(buf); if (cookie == 0x41424344) printf("you win!\n"); } I get the following result: buf: 0012ff14 cookie: 0012ff64 buf starts at an address eighty bytes lower than cookie, and any four bytes that are copied in buf after the first eighty will appear in cookie. The problem I'm having is when I place this code in some other function. When I compile and run the following code, I get a different result: buf appears at an address greater than cookie's. void ClientSocketHandler(SOCKET cs){ int cookie; char buf[80]; char stringToSend[160]; int numBytesRecved; int totalNumBytes; sprintf(stringToSend,"buf: %08x cookie: %08x\n",&buf,&cookie); send(cs,stringToSend,strlen(stringToSend),NULL); The result is: buf: 0012fd00 cookie: 0012fcfc Now there is no way to set cookie to arbitrary data via overwriting buf. Is there any way to tell Visual Studio to allocate cookie before buf? Is there any way to tell beforehand how the variables will be allocated? Thanks, Jason

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  • How can I prevent default_environment variables from getting set by Capistrano's sudo action?

    - by Logan Koester
    My deploy.rb sets some environment variables to use the regular user's local Ruby rather than the system-wide one. set :default_environment, { :PATH => '/home/myapp/.rvm/bin:/home/myapp/.rvm/bin:/home/myapp/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.1-p378/bin:/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378/bin:/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378%global/bin:/home/myapp/bin:/usr/bin:/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games', :RUBY_VERSION => 'ruby-1.9.1-p378', :GEM_HOME => '/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378', :GEM_PATH => '/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378:/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378%global' } Naturally, when a task is using sudo, I would expect the system-wide ruby to be used instead. But it seems the environment variables are being set anyway, which is obviously invalid for the root user and returns an error: executing "sudo -p 'sudo password: ' /etc/init.d/god stop" servers: ["myapp.com"] [myapp.com] executing command command finished failed: "env PATH=/home/myapp/.rvm/bin:/home/myapp/.rvm/bin:/home/myapp/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.1-p378/bin:/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378/bin:/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378%global/bin:/home/myapp/bin:/usr/bin:/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games RUBY_VERSION=ruby-1.9.1-p378 GEM_HOME=/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378 GEM_PATH=/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378:/home/myapp/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.1-p378%global sh -c 'sudo -p '\\''sudo password: '\\'' /etc/init.d/god stop'" on myapp.com It makes no difference whether I use capistrano's sudo "system call" or the regular run "sudo system call". How can I avoid this?

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  • How to redirect a URL with GET variables in routes.rb without Rails stripping out the variable first?

    - by Michael Hopkins
    I am building a website in Rails to replace an existing website. In routes.rb I am trying to redirect some of the old URLs to their new equivalents (some of the URL slugs are changing so a dynamic solution is not possible.) My routes.rb looks like this: match "/index.php?page=contact-us" => redirect("/contact-us") match "/index.php?page=about-us" => redirect("/about-us") match "/index.php?page=committees" => redirect("/teams") When I visit /index.php?page=contact-us I am not redirected to /contact-us. I have determined this is because Rails is removing the get variables and only trying to match /index.php. For example, If I pass /index.php?page=contact-us into the below routes I will be redirected to /foobar: match "/index.php?page=contact-us" => redirect("/contact-us") match "/index.php?page=about-us" => redirect("/about-us") match "/index.php?page=committees" => redirect("/teams") match "/index.php" => redirect("/foobar") How can I keep the GET variables in the string and redirect the old URLs the way I'd like? Does Rails have an intended mechanism for this?

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  • PHP: how to access variables inside a function that have been declared outside of it?

    - by Chris
    Please, I am very new and have not been confronted with OOP and all this related stuff, which I guess may be related to this issue (public, private, ...). So, any help and suggestions are very appreciated! :) At the very beginning of each page I include a file that starts the SESSION etc, lets call it session.php. In this file session.php, I include a file that contains a function, let's call it function1.php, because I need the function to be available in session.php. However, later in the main page I also include function2.php which needs to access variables set in session.php, so I additionally tried to include session.php in function2.php. The problem is that an error occurs as function1 will be declared multiple times... Fatal error: Cannot redeclare function1() (previously declared in ... So, what would be a more elegant and clean(er) solution for this? How could you solve it? Basically, I'd need to access variables inside a function that have been included in the main page before... Thank you very much in advance!

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  • Is it necessary to var scope loop variables in CFScript?

    - by Mel
    When using CFML and CF9 I usually var scope my loop variables; in this case local.i, for example: <cfloop list="#this.list#" index="local.i"> <cfif Len(local.i) GT 10> // do something </cfif> </cfloop> I recently started converting some stuff into CFScript, and (to my disappointment I found out that there is no way to loop over a list in CFScript) I'm wondering if I should still var scope my loop variables, and how: for (i = 1; LTE ListLen(this.list); i = i + 1 ) { if (Len(ListGetAt(this.list, i) GT 10)) { // do something } } Should I be doing local.i = 1 and local.i = local.i + 1 istead of the sample code in my example? Is it necessary? EDIT: I should also ask if the CFScript form of my CFML loop is correct; I ask because I just noticed that my CFML loop uses a , (comma and space) for the delimiter argument, which seems non-existence in the CFScript version of the loop.

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  • Is there a way to prevent SQL Server silently truncating data in local variables and stored procedure parameters?

    - by Luke Woodward
    I recently encountered an issue while porting an app to SQL Server. It turned out that this issue was caused by a stored procedure parameter being declared too short for the data being passed to it: the parameter was declared as VARCHAR(100) but in one case was being passed more than 100 characters of data. What surprised me was that SQL Server didn't report any errors or warnings -- it just silently truncated the data to 100 characters. The following SQLCMD session demonstrates this: 1 create procedure WhereHasMyDataGone (@data varchar(5)) as 2 begin 3 print 'Your data is ''' + @data + '''.'; 4 end; 5 go 1 exec WhereHasMyDataGone '123456789'; 2 go Your data is '12345'. Local variables also exhibit the same behaviour: 1 declare @s varchar(5) = '123456789'; 2 print @s; 3 go 12345 Is there an option I can enable to have SQL Server report errors (or at least warnings) in such situations? Or should I just declare all local variables and stored procedure parameters as VARCHAR(MAX) or NVARCHAR(MAX)?

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  • Is it a good practice for a .js file to rely on variables declared in the including html

    - by Bozho
    In short: <script type="text/javascript"> var root = '${config.root}'; var userLanguage = '${config.language}'; var userTimezone = '${config.timezone}'; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/scripts.js"></script> And then, in scripts.js, rely on these variables: if (userLanguage == 'en') { .. } The ${..} is simply a placeholder for a value in the script that generates the page. It can be php, jsp, asp, whatever. The point is - it is dynamic, and hence it can't be part of the .js file (which is static). So, is it OK for the static javascript file to rely on these externally defined configuration variables? (they are mainly configuration, of course). Or is it preferred to make the .js file be served dynamically as well (i.e. make it a .php / .jsp, with the proper Content-Type), and have these values defined in there.

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  • How to prevent VC++ 9 linker from linking unnecessary global variables?

    - by sharptooth
    I'm playing with function-level linking in VC++. I've enabled /OPT:REF and /OPT:ICF and the linker is happy to eliminate all unused functions. Not so with variables. The following code is to demonstrate the problem only, I fully understand that actually having code structured that way is suboptimal. //A.cpp SomeType variable1; //B.cpp extern SomeType variable1; SomeType variable2; class ClassInB { //actually uses variable1 }; //C.cpp extern SomeType variable2; class ClassInC { //actually uses variable2; }; All those files are compiled into a static lib. The consumer project only uses ClassInC and links to the static library. Now comes the VC++ 9 linker. First the linker sees that C.obj references variable2 and includes B.obj. B.obj references variable1, so it includes A.obj. Then the unreferenced stuff elimination phase starts. It removes all functions in A.obj and B.obj, but not the variables. Both variable and variable2 are preserved together with their static initializers and deinitializers. That inflates the image size and introduces a delay for running the initializers and deinitializes. The code above is oversimplified, in actual code I really can't move variable2 into C.cpp easily. I could put it into a separate .cpp file, but that looks really dumb. Is there any better option to resolve the problem with Visual C++ 9?

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  • How to use the values from session variables in jsp pages that got saved using @Scope("session") in the mvc controllers

    - by droidsites
    Doing a web site using spring mvc. I added a SignupController to handle all the sign up related requests. Once user signup I am adding that to a session using @Scope("session"). Below is the SignupController code, SignupController.java @Controller @Scope("session") public class SignupController { @Autowired SignupServiceInter signUpService; private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(SignupController.class); private String sessionUser; @RequestMapping("/SignupService") public ModelAndView signUp(@RequestParam("userid") String userId, @RequestParam("password") String password,@RequestParam("mailid") String emailId){ logger.debug(" userId:"+userId+"::Password::"+password+"::"); String signupResult; try { signUpService.registerUser(userId, password,emailId); sessionUser = userId; //adding the sign up user to the session return new ModelAndView("userHomePage","loginResult","Success"); //Navigate to user Home page if everything goes right } catch (UserExistsException e) { signupResult = e.toString(); return new ModelAndView("signUp","loginResult", signupResult); //Navigate to signUp page back if user does not exist } } } I am using "sessionUser" variable to store the signed up User Id. My understanding is that when I use @Scope("session") for the controller all the instance variables will added to HttpSession. So by that understanding I tried to access this "SessionUser" in userHomePage.jsp as, userHomepage.jsp Welcome to <%=session.getAttribute("sessionUser")%> But it throws null. So my question is how to use the values from session variables in jsp pages that got saved using @Scope("session") in the mvc controllers. Note: My work around is that pass that signed User Id to jsp page through ModelAndView, but it seems passing the value like these among the pages takes me back to managing state among pages using QueryStrings days.

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  • More elegant way to make a C++ member function change different member variables based on template p

    - by Eric Moyer
    Today, I wrote some code that needed to add elements to different container variables depending on the type of a template parameter. I solved it by writing a friend helper class specialized on its own template parameter which had a member variable of the original class. It saved me a few hundred lines of repeating myself without adding much complexity. However, it seemed kludgey. I would like to know if there is a better, more elegant way. The code below is a greatly simplified example illustrating the problem and my solution. It compiles in g++. #include <vector> #include <algorithm> #include <iostream> namespace myNS{ template<class Elt> struct Container{ std::vector<Elt> contents; template<class Iter> void set(Iter begin, Iter end){ contents.erase(contents.begin(), contents.end()); std::copy(begin, end, back_inserter(contents)); } }; struct User; namespace WkNS{ template<class Elt> struct Worker{ User& u; Worker(User& u):u(u){} template<class Iter> void set(Iter begin, Iter end); }; }; struct F{ int x; explicit F(int x):x(x){} }; struct G{ double x; explicit G(double x):x(x){} }; struct User{ Container<F> a; Container<G> b; template<class Elt> void doIt(Elt x, Elt y){ std::vector<Elt> v; v.push_back(x); v.push_back(y); Worker<Elt>(*this).set(v.begin(), v.end()); } }; namespace WkNS{ template<class Elt> template<class Iter> void Worker<Elt>::set(Iter begin, Iter end){ std::cout << "Set a." << std::endl; u.a.set(begin, end); } template<> template<class Iter> void Worker<G>::set(Iter begin, Iter end){ std::cout << "Set b." << std::endl; u.b.set(begin, end); } }; }; int main(){ using myNS::F; using myNS::G; myNS::User u; u.doIt(F(1),F(2)); u.doIt(G(3),G(4)); } User is the class I was writing. Worker is my helper class. I have it in its own namespace because I don't want it causing trouble outside myNS. Container is a container class whose definition I don't want to modify, but is used by User in its instance variables. doIt<F> should modify a. doIt<G> should modify b. F and G are open to limited modification if that would produce a more elegant solution. (As an example of one such modification, in the real application F's constructor takes a dummy parameter to make it look like G's constructor and save me from repeating myself.) In the real code, Worker is a friend of User and member variables are private. To make the example simpler to write, I made everything public. However, a solution that requires things to be public really doesn't answer my question. Given all these caveats, is there a better way to write User::doIt?

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  • MySQL Syslog Audit Plugin

    - by jonathonc
    This post shows the construction process of the Syslog Audit plugin that was presented at MySQL Connect 2012. It is based on an environment that has the appropriate development tools enabled including gcc,g++ and cmake. It also assumes you have downloaded the MySQL source code (5.5.16 or higher) and have compiled and installed the system into the /usr/local/mysql directory ready for use.  The information provided below is designed to show the different components that make up a plugin, and specifically an audit type plugin, and how it comes together to be used within the MySQL service. The MySQL Reference Manual contains information regarding the plugin API and how it can be used, so please refer there for more detailed information. The code in this post is designed to give the simplest information necessary, so handling every return code, managing race conditions etc is not part of this example code. Let's start by looking at the most basic implementation of our plugin code as seen below: /*    Copyright (c) 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.    Author:  Jonathon Coombes    Licence: GPL    Description: An auditing plugin that logs to syslog and                 can adjust the loglevel via the system variables. */ #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <mysql/plugin_audit.h> #include <syslog.h> There is a commented header detailing copyright/licencing and meta-data information and then the include headers. The two important include statements for our plugin are the syslog.h plugin, which gives us the structures for syslog, and the plugin_audit.h include which has details regarding the audit specific plugin api. Note that we do not need to include the general plugin header plugin.h, as this is done within the plugin_audit.h file already. To implement our plugin within the current implementation we need to add it into our source code and compile. > cd /usr/local/src/mysql-5.5.28/plugin > mkdir audit_syslog > cd audit_syslog A simple CMakeLists.txt file is created to manage the plugin compilation: MYSQL_ADD_PLUGIN(audit_syslog audit_syslog.cc MODULE_ONLY) Run the cmake  command at the top level of the source and then you can compile the plugin using the 'make' command. This results in a compiled audit_syslog.so library, but currently it is not much use to MySQL as there is no level of api defined to communicate with the MySQL service. Now we need to define the general plugin structure that enables MySQL to recognise the library as a plugin and be able to install/uninstall it and have it show up in the system. The structure is defined in the plugin.h file in the MySQL source code.  /*   Plugin library descriptor */ mysql_declare_plugin(audit_syslog) {   MYSQL_AUDIT_PLUGIN,           /* plugin type                    */   &audit_syslog_descriptor,     /* descriptor handle               */   "audit_syslog",               /* plugin name                     */   "Author Name",                /* author                          */   "Simple Syslog Audit",        /* description                     */   PLUGIN_LICENSE_GPL,           /* licence                         */   audit_syslog_init,            /* init function     */   audit_syslog_deinit,          /* deinit function */   0x0001,                       /* plugin version                  */   NULL,                         /* status variables        */   NULL,                         /* system variables                */   NULL,                         /* no reserves                     */   0,                            /* no flags                        */ } mysql_declare_plugin_end; The general plugin descriptor above is standard for all plugin types in MySQL. The plugin type is defined along with the init/deinit functions and interface methods into the system for sharing information, and various other metadata information. The descriptors have an internally recognised version number so that plugins can be matched against the api on the running server. The other details are usually related to the type-specific methods and structures to implement the plugin. Each plugin has a type-specific descriptor as well which details how the plugin is implemented for the specific purpose of that plugin type. /*   Plugin type-specific descriptor */ static struct st_mysql_audit audit_syslog_descriptor= {   MYSQL_AUDIT_INTERFACE_VERSION,                        /* interface version    */   NULL,                                                 /* release_thd function */   audit_syslog_notify,                                  /* notify function      */   { (unsigned long) MYSQL_AUDIT_GENERAL_CLASSMASK |                     MYSQL_AUDIT_CONNECTION_CLASSMASK }  /* class mask           */ }; In this particular case, the release_thd function has not been defined as it is not required. The important method for auditing is the notify function which is activated when an event occurs on the system. The notify function is designed to activate on an event and the implementation will determine how it is handled. For the audit_syslog plugin, the use of the syslog feature sends all events to the syslog for recording. The class mask allows us to determine what type of events are being seen by the notify function. There are currently two major types of event: 1. General Events: This includes general logging, errors, status and result type events. This is the main one for tracking the queries and operations on the database. 2. Connection Events: This group is based around user logins. It monitors connections and disconnections, but also if somebody changes user while connected. With most audit plugins, the principle behind the plugin is to track changes to the system over time and counters can be an important part of this process. The next step is to define and initialise the counters that are used to track the events in the service. There are 3 counters defined in total for our plugin - the # of general events, the # of connection events and the total number of events.  static volatile int total_number_of_calls; /* Count MYSQL_AUDIT_GENERAL_CLASS event instances */ static volatile int number_of_calls_general; /* Count MYSQL_AUDIT_CONNECTION_CLASS event instances */ static volatile int number_of_calls_connection; The init and deinit functions for the plugin are there to be called when the plugin is activated and when it is terminated. These offer the best option to initialise the counters for our plugin: /*  Initialize the plugin at server start or plugin installation. */ static int audit_syslog_init(void *arg __attribute__((unused))) {     openlog("mysql_audit:",LOG_PID|LOG_PERROR|LOG_CONS,LOG_USER);     total_number_of_calls= 0;     number_of_calls_general= 0;     number_of_calls_connection= 0;     return(0); } The init function does a call to openlog to initialise the syslog functionality. The parameters are the service to log under ("mysql_audit" in this case), the syslog flags and the facility for the logging. Then each of the counters are initialised to zero and a success is returned. If the init function is not defined, it will return success by default. /*  Terminate the plugin at server shutdown or plugin deinstallation. */ static int audit_syslog_deinit(void *arg __attribute__((unused))) {     closelog();     return(0); } The deinit function will simply close our syslog connection and return success. Note that the syslog functionality is part of the glibc libraries and does not require any external factors.  The function names are what we define in the general plugin structure, so these have to match otherwise there will be errors. The next step is to implement the event notifier function that was defined in the type specific descriptor (audit_syslog_descriptor) which is audit_syslog_notify. /* Event notifier function */ static void audit_syslog_notify(MYSQL_THD thd __attribute__((unused)), unsigned int event_class, const void *event) { total_number_of_calls++; if (event_class == MYSQL_AUDIT_GENERAL_CLASS) { const struct mysql_event_general *event_general= (const struct mysql_event_general *) event; number_of_calls_general++; syslog(audit_loglevel,"%lu: User: %s Command: %s Query: %s\n", event_general->general_thread_id, event_general->general_user, event_general->general_command, event_general->general_query ); } else if (event_class == MYSQL_AUDIT_CONNECTION_CLASS) { const struct mysql_event_connection *event_connection= (const struct mysql_event_connection *) event; number_of_calls_connection++; syslog(audit_loglevel,"%lu: User: %s@%s[%s] Event: %d Status: %d\n", event_connection->thread_id, event_connection->user, event_connection->host, event_connection->ip, event_connection->event_subclass, event_connection->status ); } }   In the case of an event, the notifier function is called. The first step is to increment the total number of events that have occurred in our database.The event argument is then cast into the appropriate event structure depending on the class type, of general event or connection event. The event type counters are incremented and details are sent via the syslog() function out to the system log. There are going to be different line formats and information returned since the general events have different data compared to the connection events, even though some of the details overlap, for example, user, thread id, host etc. On compiling the code now, there should be no errors and the resulting audit_syslog.so can be loaded into the server and ready to use. Log into the server and type: mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN audit_syslog SONAME 'audit_syslog.so'; This will install the plugin and will start updating the syslog immediately. Note that the audit plugin attaches to the immediate thread and cannot be uninstalled while that thread is active. This means that you cannot run the UNISTALL command until you log into a different connection (thread) on the server. Once the plugin is loaded, the system log will show output such as the following: Oct  8 15:33:21 machine mysql_audit:[8337]: 87: User: root[root] @ localhost []  Command: (null)  Query: INSTALL PLUGIN audit_syslog SONAME 'audit_syslog.so' Oct  8 15:33:21 machine mysql_audit:[8337]: 87: User: root[root] @ localhost []  Command: Query  Query: INSTALL PLUGIN audit_syslog SONAME 'audit_syslog.so' Oct  8 15:33:40 machine mysql_audit:[8337]: 87: User: root[root] @ localhost []  Command: (null)  Query: show tables Oct  8 15:33:40 machine mysql_audit:[8337]: 87: User: root[root] @ localhost []  Command: Query  Query: show tables Oct  8 15:33:43 machine mysql_audit:[8337]: 87: User: root[root] @ localhost []  Command: (null)  Query: select * from t1 Oct  8 15:33:43 machine mysql_audit:[8337]: 87: User: root[root] @ localhost []  Command: Query  Query: select * from t1 It appears that two of each event is being shown, but in actuality, these are two separate event types - the result event and the status event. This could be refined further by changing the audit_syslog_notify function to handle the different event sub-types in a different manner.  So far, it seems that the logging is working with events showing up in the syslog output. The issue now is that the counters created earlier to track the number of events by type are not accessible when the plugin is being run. Instead there needs to be a way to expose the plugin specific information to the service and vice versa. This could be done via the information_schema plugin api, but for something as simple as counters, the obvious choice is the system status variables. This is done using the standard structure and the declaration: /*  Plugin status variables for SHOW STATUS */ static struct st_mysql_show_var audit_syslog_status[]= {   { "Audit_syslog_total_calls",     (char *) &total_number_of_calls,     SHOW_INT },   { "Audit_syslog_general_events",     (char *) &number_of_calls_general,     SHOW_INT },   { "Audit_syslog_connection_events",     (char *) &number_of_calls_connection,     SHOW_INT },   { 0, 0, SHOW_INT } };   The structure is simply the name that will be displaying in the mysql service, the address of the associated variables, and the data type being used for the counter. It is finished with a blank structure to show that there are no more variables. Remember that status variables may have the same name for variables from other plugin, so it is considered appropriate to add the plugin name at the start of the status variable name to avoid confusion. Looking at the status variables in the mysql client shows something like the following: mysql> show global status like "audit%"; +--------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name                  | Value | +--------------------------------+-------+ | Audit_syslog_connection_events | 1     | | Audit_syslog_general_events    | 2     | | Audit_syslog_total_calls       | 3     | +--------------------------------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) The final connectivity piece for the plugin is to allow the interactive change of the logging level between the plugin and the system. This requires the ability to send changes via the mysql service through to the plugin. This is done using the system variables interface and defining a single variable to keep track of the active logging level for the facility. /* Plugin system variables for SHOW VARIABLES */ static MYSQL_SYSVAR_STR(loglevel, audit_loglevel,                         PLUGIN_VAR_RQCMDARG,                         "User can specify the log level for auditing",                         audit_loglevel_check, audit_loglevel_update, "LOG_NOTICE"); static struct st_mysql_sys_var* audit_syslog_sysvars[] = {     MYSQL_SYSVAR(loglevel),     NULL }; So now the system variable 'loglevel' is defined for the plugin and associated to the global variable 'audit_loglevel'. The check or validation function is defined to make sure that no garbage values are attempted in the update of the variable. The update function is used to save the new value to the variable. Note that the audit_syslog_sysvars structure is defined in the general plugin descriptor to associate the link between the plugin and the system and how much they interact. Next comes the implementation of the validation function and the update function for the system variable. It is worth noting that if you have a simple numeric such as integers for the variable types, the validate function is often not required as MySQL will handle the automatic check and validation of simple types. /* longest valid value */ #define MAX_LOGLEVEL_SIZE 100 /* hold the valid values */ static const char *possible_modes[]= { "LOG_ERROR", "LOG_WARNING", "LOG_NOTICE", NULL };  static int audit_loglevel_check(     THD*                        thd,    /*!< in: thread handle */     struct st_mysql_sys_var*    var,    /*!< in: pointer to system                                         variable */     void*                       save,   /*!< out: immediate result                                         for update function */     struct st_mysql_value*      value)  /*!< in: incoming string */ {     char buff[MAX_LOGLEVEL_SIZE];     const char *str;     const char **found;     int length;     length= sizeof(buff);     if (!(str= value->val_str(value, buff, &length)))         return 1;     /*         We need to return a pointer to a locally allocated value in "save".         Here we pick to search for the supplied value in an global array of         constant strings and return a pointer to one of them.         The other possiblity is to use the thd_alloc() function to allocate         a thread local buffer instead of the global constants.     */     for (found= possible_modes; *found; found++)     {         if (!strcmp(*found, str))         {             *(const char**)save= *found;             return 0;         }     }     return 1; } The validation function is simply to take the value being passed in via the SET GLOBAL VARIABLE command and check if it is one of the pre-defined values allowed  in our possible_values array. If it is found to be valid, then the value is assigned to the save variable ready for passing through to the update function. static void audit_loglevel_update(     THD*                        thd,        /*!< in: thread handle */     struct st_mysql_sys_var*    var,        /*!< in: system variable                                             being altered */     void*                       var_ptr,    /*!< out: pointer to                                             dynamic variable */     const void*                 save)       /*!< in: pointer to                                             temporary storage */ {     /* assign the new value so that the server can read it */     *(char **) var_ptr= *(char **) save;     /* assign the new value to the internal variable */     audit_loglevel= *(char **) save; } Since all the validation has been done already, the update function is quite simple for this plugin. The first part is to update the system variable pointer so that the server can read the value. The second part is to update our own global plugin variable for tracking the value. Notice that the save variable is passed in as a void type to allow handling of various data types, so it must be cast to the appropriate data type when assigning it to the variables. Looking at how the latest changes affect the usage of the plugin and the interaction within the server shows: mysql> show global variables like "audit%"; +-----------------------+------------+ | Variable_name         | Value      | +-----------------------+------------+ | audit_syslog_loglevel | LOG_NOTICE | +-----------------------+------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> set global audit_syslog_loglevel="LOG_ERROR"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show global status like "audit%"; +--------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name                  | Value | +--------------------------------+-------+ | Audit_syslog_connection_events | 1     | | Audit_syslog_general_events    | 11    | | Audit_syslog_total_calls       | 12    | +--------------------------------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show global variables like "audit%"; +-----------------------+-----------+ | Variable_name         | Value     | +-----------------------+-----------+ | audit_syslog_loglevel | LOG_ERROR | +-----------------------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)   So now we have a plugin that will audit the events on the system and log the details to the system log. It allows for interaction to see the number of different events within the server details and provides a mechanism to change the logging level interactively via the standard system methods of the SET command. A more complex auditing plugin may have more detailed code, but each of the above areas is what will be involved and simply expanded on to add more functionality. With the above skeleton code, it is now possible to create your own audit plugins to implement your own auditing requirements. If, however, you are not of the coding persuasion, then you could always consider the option of the MySQL Enterprise Audit plugin that is available to purchase.

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  • How to: Check which table is the biggest, in SQL Server

    - by AngelEyes
    The company I work with had it's DB double its size lately, so I needed to find out which tables were the biggest. I found this on the web, and decided it's worth remembering! Taken from http://www.sqlteam.com/article/finding-the-biggest-tables-in-a-database, the code is from http://www.sqlteam.com/downloads/BigTables.sql   /************************************************************************************** * *  BigTables.sql *  Bill Graziano (SQLTeam.com) *  [email protected] *  v1.1 * **************************************************************************************/ DECLARE @id INT DECLARE @type CHARACTER(2) DECLARE @pages INT DECLARE @dbname SYSNAME DECLARE @dbsize DEC(15, 0) DECLARE @bytesperpage DEC(15, 0) DECLARE @pagesperMB DEC(15, 0) CREATE TABLE #spt_space   (      objid    INT NULL,      ROWS     INT NULL,      reserved DEC(15) NULL,      data     DEC(15) NULL,      indexp   DEC(15) NULL,      unused   DEC(15) NULL   ) SET nocount ON -- Create a cursor to loop through the user tables DECLARE c_tables CURSOR FOR   SELECT id   FROM   sysobjects   WHERE  xtype = 'U' OPEN c_tables FETCH NEXT FROM c_tables INTO @id WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0   BEGIN       /* Code from sp_spaceused */       INSERT INTO #spt_space                   (objid,                    reserved)       SELECT objid = @id,              SUM(reserved)       FROM   sysindexes       WHERE  indid IN ( 0, 1, 255 )              AND id = @id       SELECT @pages = SUM(dpages)       FROM   sysindexes       WHERE  indid < 2              AND id = @id       SELECT @pages = @pages + Isnull(SUM(used), 0)       FROM   sysindexes       WHERE  indid = 255              AND id = @id       UPDATE #spt_space       SET    data = @pages       WHERE  objid = @id       /* index: sum(used) where indid in (0, 1, 255) - data */       UPDATE #spt_space       SET    indexp = (SELECT SUM(used)                        FROM   sysindexes                        WHERE  indid IN ( 0, 1, 255 )                               AND id = @id) - data       WHERE  objid = @id       /* unused: sum(reserved) - sum(used) where indid in (0, 1, 255) */       UPDATE #spt_space       SET    unused = reserved - (SELECT SUM(used)                                   FROM   sysindexes                                   WHERE  indid IN ( 0, 1, 255 )                                          AND id = @id)       WHERE  objid = @id       UPDATE #spt_space       SET    ROWS = i.ROWS       FROM   sysindexes i       WHERE  i.indid < 2              AND i.id = @id              AND objid = @id       FETCH NEXT FROM c_tables INTO @id   END SELECT TOP 25 table_name = (SELECT LEFT(name, 25)                             FROM   sysobjects                             WHERE  id = objid),               ROWS = CONVERT(CHAR(11), ROWS),               reserved_kb = Ltrim(Str(reserved * d.low / 1024., 15, 0) + ' ' + 'KB'),               data_kb = Ltrim(Str(data * d.low / 1024., 15, 0) + ' ' + 'KB'),               index_size_kb = Ltrim(Str(indexp * d.low / 1024., 15, 0) + ' ' + 'KB'),               unused_kb = Ltrim(Str(unused * d.low / 1024., 15, 0) + ' ' + 'KB') FROM   #spt_space,        MASTER.dbo.spt_values d WHERE  d.NUMBER = 1        AND d.TYPE = 'E' ORDER  BY reserved DESC DROP TABLE #spt_space CLOSE c_tables DEALLOCATE c_tables

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  • How to get absolute path from path with system path variables?

    - by The_Fox
    Is there an easy way to translate a path with system path variables to an absolute path? So %ProgramFiles%\Internet Explorer\hmmapi.dll becomes C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\hmmapi.dll I like to know if there is an API call that can do this, or do I have to do this the hard way and detect %..% sequences and replace them with the appropriate environment variable?

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  • struts 2 - where should I set global application variables?

    - by Nicola Montecchio
    Hi I'm using struts 2 and I'd like to read some custom-defined parameters (global variables), preferably from web.xml or some custom ".properties" file (i.e. not hardcoded in the Java sources). This problem has been driving me mad for the past half hour as I can't google any reasonable solution. What is the best way to do this? I find it strange that it is so difficult ... all the best Nicola Montecchio

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