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• Escape characters during paste in vim

  - by Michael Anderson

  I copy stuff from output buffers into C++ code I'm working on in vim. Often this output gets stuck into strings. And it'd be nice to be able to escape all the control characters automatically rather than going back and hand editing the pasted fragment. As an example I might copy something like this: error in file "foo.dat" And need to put it into something like this std::string expected_error = "error in file \"foo.dat\"" I'm thinking it might be possible to apply a replace function to the body of the last paste using the start and end marks of the last paste, but I'm not sure how to make it fly.

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• How can you prevent an individual window being captured by Print-Screen?

  - by John

  I noticed a few times than when I print-screen while Media Player is running, the content is replaced with a grey rectangle. I've no idea if it's deliberate due to DRM, or some technical issue, but it struck me that being able to deliberately block screen-capture might be a useful feature in some scenarios. I am not looking to fix the problem, but replicate it! Is there some specific message each HWND gets for print-screen - does Windows do a special repaint or simply dump buffers to the clipboard? I guess I'd prefer to focus this on Win32 specifically, but as long as it's Windows-related then fine.

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• Fibre channel long distance woes

  - by Marki

  I need a fresh pair of eyes. We're using a 15km fibre optic line across which fibrechannel and 10GbE is multiplexed (passive optical CWDM). For FC we have long distance lasers suitable up to 40km (Skylane SFCxx0404F0D). The multiplexer is limited by the SFPs which can do max. 4Gb fibrechannel. The FC switch is a Brocade 5000 series. The respective wavelengths are 1550,1570,1590 and 1610nm for FC and 1530nm for 10GbE. The problem is the 4GbFC fabrics are almost never clean. Sometimes they are for a while even with a lot of traffic on them. Then they may suddenly start producing errors (RX CRC, RX encoding, RX disparity, ...) even with only marginal traffic on them. I am attaching some error and traffic graphs. Errors are currently in the order of 50-100 errors per 5 minutes when with 1Gb/s traffic. Optics Here is the power output of one port summarized (collected using sfpshow on different switches) SITE-A units=uW (microwatt) SITE-B ********************************************** FAB1 SW1 TX 1234.3 RX 49.1 SW3 1550nm (ko) RX 95.2 TX 1175.6 FAB2 SW2 TX 1422.0 RX 104.6 SW4 1610nm (ok) RX 54.3 TX 1468.4 What I find curious at this point is the asymmetry in the power levels. While SW2 transmits with 1422uW which SW4 receives with 104uW, SW2 only receives the SW4 signal with similar original power only with 54uW. Vice versa for SW1-3. Anyway the SFPs have RX sensitivity down to -18dBm (ca. 20uW) so in any case it should be fine... But nothing is. Some SFPs have been diagnosed as malfunctioning by the manufacturer (the 1550nm ones shown above with "ko"). The 1610nm ones apparently are ok, they have been tested using a traffic generator. The leased line has also been tested more than once. All is within tolerances. I'm awaiting the replacements but for some reason I don't believe it will make things better as the apparently good ones don't produce ZERO errors either. Earlier there was active equipment involved (some kind of 4GFC retimer) before putting the signal on the line. No idea why. That equipment was eliminated because of the problems so we now only have: the long distance laser in the switch, (new) 10m LC-SC monomode cable to the mux (for each fabric), the leased line, the same thing but reversed on the other side of the link. FC switches Here is a port config from the Brocade portcfgshow (it's like that on both sides, obviously) Area Number: 0 Speed Level: 4G Fill Word(On Active) 0(Idle-Idle) Fill Word(Current) 0(Idle-Idle) AL_PA Offset 13: OFF Trunk Port ON Long Distance LS VC Link Init OFF Desired Distance 32 Km Reserved Buffers 70 Locked L_Port OFF Locked G_Port OFF Disabled E_Port OFF Locked E_Port OFF ISL R_RDY Mode OFF RSCN Suppressed OFF Persistent Disable OFF LOS TOV enable OFF NPIV capability ON QOS E_Port OFF Port Auto Disable: OFF Rate Limit OFF EX Port OFF Mirror Port OFF Credit Recovery ON F_Port Buffers OFF Fault Delay: 0(R_A_TOV) NPIV PP Limit: 126 CSCTL mode: OFF Forcing the links to 2GbFC produces no errors, but we bought 4GbFC and we want 4GbFC. I don't know where to look anymore. Any ideas what to try next or how to proceed? If we can't make 4GbFC work reliably I wonder what the people working with 8 or 16 do... I don't assume that "a few errors here and there" are acceptable. Oh and BTW we are in contact with everyone of the manufacturers (FC switch, MUX, SFPs, ...) Except for the SFPs to be changed (some have been changed before) nobody has a clue. Brocade SAN Health says the fabric is ok. MUX, well, it's passive, it's only a prism, nature at it's best. Any shots in the dark? APPENDIX: Answers to your questions @Chopper3: This is the second generation of Brocades exhibiting the problem. Before we had 5000s, now we have 5100s. In the beginning when we still had the active MUX we rented a longdistance laser once to put it into the switch directly in order to make tests for a day, during that day of course it was clean. But as I said, sometimes it's clean just like that. And sometimes it's not. Alternative switches would mean to rebuild the entire SAN with those only to test. Alternative SFPs, well they're hard to come by just like that. @longneck: The line is rented. It's a dark fibre (9um monomode) so there's noone else on it. Sure there are splices. I can't go and look but I have to trust they have been done correctly. As I said the line has been checked and rechecked (using an optical time-domain reflectometer). Obviously you don't have all this equipment yourself because it's way too expensive. @mdpc: What would be the "wrong" type of cable according to you? Up to the switch everything is monomode, yes. The connectors are the correct ones too. Yeah I know there are the green ones where the fibre is cut off at a certain angle etc. But we have the correct ones for all that I know. Progress Report #1 We have had two fabrics (=2x2 switches) with Brocade 5100s with FabricOS 6.4.1 and two fabrics (another 2x4 switches) on FabricOS 7.0.2. On the longdistance ISLs (one in each fabric) it turned out that with FOS 6.4.1 setting it to long distance issues warnings about the VC Init setting and consequently the fill word. But those are only warnings. FOS 7.0.2 requires you to do modifications to VCI and the fillword for long distance links. Setting FOS 6.4.1 to the LS (long-distance static distance) setting with wrong VCI and fillword setting made the whole fabric inoperational (stuck in an SCN loop, use fabriclog -s to see, you don't see it anywhere else, no port error counters or anything increasing). Currently I'm giving the one fabric with the IMHO more correct settings a beating and it seems to do fine, whereas the other one without much traffic still has errors here and there. In short: We have eliminated the active part of the MUX (the FC retimer). We are putting the long distance SFPs into the end equipment themselves. Just to be sure we bought new monomode cables to connect the end equipment to the remaining passive part of the MUX. We are now trying out several long distance configs. It's almost black magic. Everything that happens is mostly empirical, noone seems to have a clue what are the exact reasons to do something. ("We have tried this, and it didn't work, then we tried that and it worked, so we stuck with that." But noone really seems to know why.) I'll keep you updated. Progress Report #2 We got the new lasers for one of the fabrics on warranty. It's ultra clean even on 4GbFC. They're transmitting with roughly 2mW (3dBm) whereas the others are only at 1.5mW (1.5dBm) although that should really be enough. The other fabric (where the lasers are apparently ok) still produces one or two CRCs infrequently. Using sfpshow the SFP producing the actual RX errors shows Status/Ctrl: 0x82 Alarm flags[0,1] = 0x5, 0x40 Warn Flags[0,1] = 0x5, 0x40 Now I'll have to find out what that means. Not sure if it was there before. Well I'll first clear my head with a week of vacation. 8-)

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• Why don't stacks grow upwards (for security)?

  - by AshleysBrain

  This is related to the question 'Why do stacks typically grow downwards?', but more from a security point of view. I'm generally referring to x86. It strikes me as odd that the stack would grow downwards, when buffers are usually written to upwards in memory. For example a typical C++ string has its end at a higher memory address than the beginning. This means that if there's a buffer overflow you're overwriting further up the call stack, which I understand is a security risk, since it opens the possibility of changing return addresses and local variable contents. If the stack grew upwards in memory, wouldn't buffer overflows simply run in to dead memory? Would this improve security? If so, why hasn't it been done? What about x64, do those stacks grow upwards and if not why not?

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• Vim: Delete Buffer When Quitting Split Window

  - by Rafid K. Abdullah

  I have this very useful function in my .vimrc: function! MyGitDiff() !git cat-file blob HEAD:% > temp/compare.tmp diffthis belowright vertical new edit temp/compare.tmp diffthis endfunction What it does is basically opening the file I am currently working on from repository in a vertical split window, then compare with it. This is very handy, as I can easily compare changes to the original file. However, there is a problem. After finishing the compare, I remove the split window by typing :q. This however doesn't remove the buffer from the buffer list and I can still see the compare.tmp file in the buffer list. This is annoying because whenever I make new compare, I get this message: Warning: File "temp/compare.tmp" has changed since editing started. Is there anyway to delete the file from buffers as well as closing the vertical split window?

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• Default input and output buffering for fopen'd files?

  - by Evan Teran

  So a FILE stream can have both input and output buffers. You can adjust the output stream using setvbuf (I am unaware of any method to play with the input buffer size and behavior). Also, by default the buffer is BUFSIZ (not sure if this is a POSIX or C thing). It is very clear what this means for stdin/stdout/stderr, but what are the defaults for newly opened files? Are they buffered for both input and output? Or perhaps just one? If it is buffered, does output default to block or line mode?

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• Exception on malloc for a structure in C

  - by Derek

  Hi all, I have a structure defined like so: typedef struct { int n; int *n_p; void **list_pp; size_t rec_size; int n_buffs; size_t buff_size } fl_hdr_type; and in my code I Have a function for initlialization that has the following fl_hdr_type *fl_hdr; fl_hdr = malloc(sizeof(fl_hdr_type) + (buff_size_n * rec_size_n)); where those buffer size are passed in to the function to allow space for the buffers as well. The size is pretty small typically..100*50 or something like that..plenty of memory on this system to allocate it. Any ideas why this fails?

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• Why are my Opteron cores running at only 75% capacity each? (25% CPU idle)

  - by Tim Cooper

  We've just taken delivery of a powerful 32-core AMD Opteron server with 128Gb. We have 2 x 6272 CPU's with 16 cores each. We are running a big long-running java task on 30 threads. We have the NUMA optimisations for Linux and java turned on. Our Java threads are mainly using objects that are private to that thread, sometimes reading memory that other threads will be reading, and very very occasionally writing or locking shared objects. We can't explain why the CPU cores are 25% idle. Below is a dump of "top": top - 23:06:38 up 1 day, 23 min, 3 users, load average: 10.84, 10.27, 9.62 Tasks: 676 total, 1 running, 675 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 64.5%us, 1.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 32.9%id, 1.3%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 132138168k total, 131652664k used, 485504k free, 92340k buffers Swap: 5701624k total, 230252k used, 5471372k free, 13444344k cached ... top - 22:37:39 up 23:54, 3 users, load average: 7.83, 8.70, 9.27 Tasks: 678 total, 1 running, 677 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu0 : 75.8%us, 2.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 22.2%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu1 : 77.2%us, 1.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 21.5%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu2 : 77.3%us, 1.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 21.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu3 : 77.8%us, 1.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 21.2%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu4 : 76.9%us, 2.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 21.1%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu5 : 76.3%us, 2.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 21.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu6 : 12.6%us, 3.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 84.4%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu7 : 8.6%us, 2.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 89.4%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu8 : 77.0%us, 2.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 21.1%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu9 : 77.0%us, 2.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 21.1%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu10 : 77.6%us, 1.7%sy, 0.0%ni, 20.8%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu11 : 75.7%us, 2.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 21.4%id, 1.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu12 : 76.6%us, 2.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 21.1%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu13 : 76.6%us, 2.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 21.1%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu14 : 76.2%us, 2.6%sy, 0.0%ni, 15.9%id, 5.3%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu15 : 76.6%us, 2.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 21.5%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu16 : 73.6%us, 2.6%sy, 0.0%ni, 23.8%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu17 : 74.5%us, 2.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 23.2%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu18 : 73.9%us, 2.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 23.8%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu19 : 72.9%us, 2.6%sy, 0.0%ni, 24.4%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu20 : 72.8%us, 2.6%sy, 0.0%ni, 24.5%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu21 : 72.7%us, 2.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 25.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu22 : 72.5%us, 2.6%sy, 0.0%ni, 24.8%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu23 : 73.0%us, 2.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 24.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu24 : 74.7%us, 2.7%sy, 0.0%ni, 22.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu25 : 74.5%us, 2.6%sy, 0.0%ni, 22.8%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu26 : 73.7%us, 2.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 24.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu27 : 74.1%us, 2.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 23.6%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu28 : 74.1%us, 2.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 23.6%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu29 : 74.0%us, 2.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 24.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu30 : 73.2%us, 2.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 24.5%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu31 : 73.1%us, 2.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 24.9%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 132138168k total, 131711704k used, 426464k free, 88336k buffers Swap: 5701624k total, 229572k used, 5472052k free, 13745596k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 13865 root 20 0 122g 112g 3.1g S 2334.3 89.6 20726:49 java 27139 jayen 20 0 15428 1728 952 S 2.6 0.0 0:04.21 top 27161 sysadmin 20 0 15428 1712 940 R 1.0 0.0 0:00.28 top 33 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:06.24 ksoftirqd/7 131 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:09.52 events/0 1858 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 1:35.14 kondemand/0 A dump of the java stack confirms that none of the threads are anywhere near the few places where locks are used, nor are they anywhere near any disk or network i/o. I had trouble finding a clear explanation of what 'top' means by "idle" versus "wait", but I get the impression that "idle" means "no more threads that need to be run" but this doesn't make sense in our case. We're using a "Executors.newFixedThreadPool(30)". There are a large number of tasks pending and each task lasts for 10 seconds or so. I suspect that the explanation requires a good understanding of NUMA. Is the "idle" state what you see when a CPU is waiting for a non-local access? If not, then what is the explanation?

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• my server suddenly crashes every 2 days or so. Programmer has no idea, please help find the cause, here is the top

  - by Alex

  Every couple of days my server suddenly crashes and I must request hardware reset at data center to get it back running. Today I came back to my shell and saw the server was dead and "top" was running on it, and see below for the "top" right before the crash. I opened /var/log/messages and scrolled to the reboot time and see nothing, no errors prior to the hard reboot. (I checked in /etc/syslog.conf and I see "*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none /var/log/messages" , isn't this good enough to log all problems?) Usually when I look at the top, the swap is never used up like this! I also don't know why mysqld is at 323% cpu (server only runs drupal and its never slow or overloaded). Solver is my application. I don't know whats that 'sh' doing and 'dovecot' doing. Its driving me crazy over the last month, please help me solve this mystery and stop my downtimes. top - 01:10:06 up 6 days, 5 min, 3 users, load average: 34.87, 18.68, 9.03 Tasks: 500 total, 19 running, 481 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 96.6%sy, 0.0%ni, 1.7%id, 1.8%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 8165600k total, 8139764k used, 25836k free, 428k buffers Swap: 2104496k total, 2104496k used, 0k free, 8236k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 4421 mysql 15 0 571m 105m 976 S 323.5 1.3 9:08.00 mysqld 564 root 20 -5 0 0 0 R 99.5 0.0 2:49.16 kswapd1 25767 apache 19 0 399m 8060 888 D 79.3 0.1 0:06.64 httpd 25781 apache 19 0 398m 5648 492 R 79.0 0.1 0:08.21 httpd 25961 apache 25 0 398m 5700 560 R 76.7 0.1 0:17.81 httpd 25980 apache 25 0 10816 668 520 R 75.0 0.0 0:46.95 sh 563 root 20 -5 0 0 0 D 71.4 0.0 3:12.37 kswapd0 25766 apache 25 0 399m 7256 756 R 69.7 0.1 0:39.83 httpd 25911 apache 25 0 398m 5612 480 R 58.8 0.1 0:17.63 httpd 25782 apache 25 0 440m 38m 648 R 55.2 0.5 0:18.94 httpd 25966 apache 25 0 398m 5640 556 R 55.2 0.1 0:48.84 httpd 4588 root 25 0 74860 596 476 R 53.9 0.0 0:37.90 crond 25939 apache 25 0 2776 172 84 R 48.9 0.0 0:59.46 solver 4575 root 25 0 397m 6004 1144 R 48.6 0.1 1:00.43 httpd 25962 apache 25 0 398m 5628 492 R 47.9 0.1 0:14.58 httpd 25824 apache 25 0 440m 39m 680 D 47.3 0.5 0:57.85 httpd 25968 apache 25 0 398m 5612 528 R 46.6 0.1 0:42.73 httpd 4477 root 25 0 6084 396 280 R 46.3 0.0 0:59.53 dovecot 25982 root 25 0 397m 5108 240 R 45.9 0.1 0:18.01 httpd 25943 apache 25 0 2916 172 8 R 44.0 0.0 0:53.54 solver 30687 apache 25 0 468m 63m 1124 D 42.3 0.8 0:45.02 httpd 25978 apache 25 0 398m 5688 600 R 23.8 0.1 0:40.99 httpd 25983 root 25 0 397m 5272 384 D 14.9 0.1 0:18.99 httpd 935 root 10 -5 0 0 0 D 14.2 0.0 1:54.60 kjournald 25986 root 25 0 397m 5308 420 D 8.9 0.1 0:04.75 httpd 4011 haldaemo 25 0 31568 1476 716 S 5.6 0.0 0:24.36 hald 25956 apache 23 0 398m 5872 644 S 5.6 0.1 0:13.85 httpd 18336 root 18 0 13004 1332 724 R 0.3 0.0 1:46.66 top 1 root 18 0 10372 212 180 S 0.0 0.0 0:05.99 init 2 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.95 migration/0 3 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 ksoftirqd/0 4 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 5 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.15 migration/1 6 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00 .06 ksoftirqd/1 here is a normal top, when server is working fine: top - 01:50:41 up 21 min, 1 user, load average: 2.98, 2.70, 1.68 Tasks: 271 total, 2 running, 269 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 15.0%us, 1.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 81.4%id, 2.4%wa, 0.1%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 8165600k total, 2035856k used, 6129744k free, 60840k buffers Swap: 2104496k total, 0k used, 2104496k free, 283744k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 2204 apache 17 0 466m 83m 19m S 25.9 1.0 0:22.16 httpd 11347 apache 15 0 466m 83m 19m S 25.9 1.0 0:26.10 httpd 18204 apache 18 0 481m 97m 19m D 25.2 1.2 0:13.99 httpd 4644 apache 18 0 481m 100m 19m D 24.6 1.3 1:17.12 httpd 4727 apache 17 0 481m 99m 19m S 24.3 1.2 1:10.77 httpd 4777 apache 17 0 482m 102m 21m S 23.6 1.3 1:38.27 httpd 8924 apache 15 0 483m 99m 19m S 22.3 1.3 1:13.41 httpd 9390 apache 18 0 483m 99m 19m S 18.9 1.2 1:05.35 httpd 4728 apache 16 0 481m 101m 19m S 14.3 1.3 1:12.50 httpd 4648 apache 15 0 481m 107m 27m S 12.6 1.4 1:18.62 httpd 24955 apache 15 0 467m 82m 19m S 3.3 1.0 0:21.80 httpd 4722 apache 15 0 503m 118m 19m R 1.7 1.5 1:17.79 httpd 4647 apache 15 0 484m 105m 20m S 1.3 1.3 1:40.73 httpd 4643 apache 16 0 481m 100m 20m S 0.7 1.3 1:11.80 httpd 1561 root 15 0 12900 1264 828 R 0.3 0.0 0:00.54 top 4434 mysql 15 0 496m 55m 4812 S 0.3 0.7 0:06.69 mysqld 4646 apache 15 0 481m 100m 19m S 0.3 1.3 1:25.51 httpd 1 root 18 0 10372 692 580 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.09 init 2 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 migration/0 3 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/0 4 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 5 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/1 6 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/1 7 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/1 8 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/2 9 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/2 10 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/2 11 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/3 12 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/3 13 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/3 14 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 migration/4 15 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/4 16 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/4 17 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 migration/5 18 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/5 19 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/5 20 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 migration/6 21 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/6 22 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/6 23 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/7

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• How to implement buffering with timeout in RX

  - by Gaspar Nagy

  I need to implement an event processing, that is done delayed when there are no new events arriving for a certain period. (I have to queue up a parsing task when the text buffer changed, but I don't want to start the parsing when the user is still typing.) I'm new in RX, but as far as I see, I would need a combination of BufferWithTime and the Timeout methods. I imagine this to be working like this: it buffers the events until they are received regularly within a specified time period between the subsequent events. If there is a gap in the event flow (longer than the timespan) it should return propagate the events buffered so far. Having a look at how Buffer and Timeout is implemented, I could probably implement my BufferWithTimeout method (if everyone have one, please share with me), but I wonder if this can be achieved just by combining the existing methods. Any ideas?

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• glDrawElements allocating memory and not releasing it

  - by Joshua Weinberg

  Using OpenGLES 1.1 on the iPhone 3G (device, not simulator), I do normal drawing fun. But at points during the run of the application I get giant memory spikes, after a lot of digging with instruments I have found that it is glDrawElements that is grabbing the memory. The buffer being allocated is 4 meg, which to me means its loading a texture into RAM, which I guess could be valid, but its never releasing this buffer, and is allocating multiple of them. How do I make sure that these buffers that GL is creating get destroyed, instead of just hanging around?

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• Pass string between two threads in java

  - by geeta

  I have to search a string in a file and write the matched lines to another file. I have a thread to read a file and a thread to write a file. I want to send the stringBuffer from read thread to write thread. Please help me to pass this. I amm getting null value passed. write thread: class OutputThread extends Thread{ /****************** Writes the line with search string to the output file *************/ Thread runner1,runner; File Out_File; public OutputThread() { } public OutputThread(Thread runner,File Out_File) { runner1 = new Thread(this,"writeThread"); // (1) Create a new thread. this.Out_File=Out_File; this.runner=runner; runner1.start(); // (2) Start the thread. } public void run() { try{ BufferedWriter bufferedWriter=new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(Out_File,true)); System.out.println("inside write"); synchronized(runner){ System.out.println("inside wait"); runner.wait(); } System.out.println("outside wait"); // bufferedWriter.write(line.toString()); Buffer Buf = new Buffer(); bufferedWriter.write(Buf.buffers); System.out.println(Buf.buffers); bufferedWriter.flush(); } catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(e); e.printStackTrace(); } } } Read Thraed: class FileThread extends Thread{ Thread runner; File dir; String search_string,stats; File Out_File,final_output; StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); public FileThread() { } public FileThread(CountDownLatch latch,String threadName,File dir,String search_string,File Out_File,File final_output,String stats) { runner = new Thread(this, threadName); // (1) Create a new thread. this.dir=dir; this.search_string=search_string; this.Out_File=Out_File; this.stats=stats; this.final_output=final_output; this.latch=latch; runner.start(); // (2) Start the thread. } public void run() { try{ Enumeration entries; ZipFile zipFile; String source_file_name = dir.toString(); File Source_file = dir; String extension; OutputThread out = new OutputThread(runner,Out_File); int dotPos = source_file_name.lastIndexOf("."); extension = source_file_name.substring(dotPos+1); if(extension.equals("zip")) { zipFile = new ZipFile(source_file_name); entries = zipFile.entries(); while(entries.hasMoreElements()) { ZipEntry entry = (ZipEntry)entries.nextElement(); if(entry.isDirectory()) { (new File(entry.getName())).mkdir(); continue; } searchString(runner,entry.getName(),new BufferedInputStream(zipFile.getInputStream(entry)),Out_File,final_output,search_string,stats); } zipFile.close(); } else { searchString(runner,Source_file.toString(),new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(Source_file)),Out_File,final_output,search_string,stats); } } catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(e); e.printStackTrace(); } } /********* Reads the Input Files and Searches for the String ******************************/ public void searchString(Thread runner,String Source_File,BufferedInputStream in,File output_file,File final_output,String search,String stats) { int count = 0; int countw = 0; int countl=0; String s; String[] str; String newLine = System.getProperty("line.separator"); try { BufferedReader br2 = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in)); //OutputFile outfile = new OutputFile(); BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(output_file,true)); Buffer Buf = new Buffer(); //StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); StringBuffer sb1 = new StringBuffer(); while((s = br2.readLine()) != null ) { str = s.split(search); count = str.length-1; countw += count; if(s.contains(search)){ countl++; sb.append(s); sb.append(newLine); } if(countl%100==0) { System.out.println("inside count"); Buf.setBuffers(sb.toString()); sb.delete(0,sb.length()); System.out.println("outside notify"); synchronized(runner) { runner.notify(); } //outfile.WriteFile(sb,bufferedWriter); //sb.delete(0,sb.length()); } } } synchronized(runner) { runner.notify(); } br2.close(); in.close(); if(countw == 0) { System.out.println("Input File : "+Source_File ); System.out.println("Word not found"); System.exit(0); } else { System.out.println("Input File : "+Source_File ); System.out.println("Matched word count : "+countw ); System.out.println("Lines with Search String : "+countl); System.out.println("Output File : "+output_file.toString()); System.out.println(); } } catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(e); e.printStackTrace(); } } }

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• Vim: different key mapping for different window

  - by rahul

  My .vimrc file has filetype mappings for different filetypes such as : autocmd FileType sh map gf ... autocmd FileType ruby map gf ... While rewriting a program from one language to another, I have 2 splits, one with a shell script and one with ruby. I would assume that "gf" would take on its mapping based on filetype. However, it can only hold one mapping at a time. Is there any way to declare a mapping only for the existing file/window. I tried ":windo" and ":bufdo" but they work for all windows or buffers.

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• Ignore carriage returns in scanf before data.... to keep layout of console based graphics with conio

  - by volting

  I have the misfortune of having use conio.h in vc++ 6 for a college assignment, My problem is that my graphic setup is in the center of the screen... e.g. gotoxy( getcols()/2, getrows()/2); printf("Enter something"); scanf( "%d", &something ); now if someone accidentally hits enter before they enter the "something", then the cursor gets reset to the left of the screen on the next line. Iv tried flushing the keyboard and bios buffers with fflush(stdin) and getchar(), which like I expected didn't work! Any help/ideas would be appreciated, Thanks, V

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• Strange Flash AS3 xml Socket behavior

  - by Rnd_d

  I have a problem which I can't understand. To understand it I wrote a socket client on AS3 and a server on python/twisted, you can see the code of both applications below. Let's launch two clients at the same time, arrange them so that you can see both windows and press connection button in both windows. Then press and hold any button. What I'm expecting: Client with pressed button sends a message "some data" to the server, then the server sends this message to all the clients(including the original sender) . Then each client moves right the button 'connectButton' and prints a message to the log with time in the following format: "min:secs:milliseconds". What is going wrong: The motion is smooth in the client that sends the message, but in all other clients the motion is jerky. This happens because messages to those clients arrive later than to the original sending client. And if we have three clients (let's name them A,B,C) and we send a message from A, the sending time log of B and C will be the same. Why other clients recieve this messages later than the original sender? By the way, on ubuntu 10.04/chrome all the motion is smooth. Two clients are launched in separated chromes. windows screenshot Can't post linux screenshot, need more than 10 reputation to post more hyperlinks. Listing of log, four clients simultaneously: [16:29:33.280858] 62.140.224.1 >> some data [16:29:33.280912] 87.249.9.98 << some data [16:29:33.280970] 87.249.9.98 << some data [16:29:33.281025] 87.249.9.98 << some data [16:29:33.281079] 62.140.224.1 << some data [16:29:33.323267] 62.140.224.1 >> some data [16:29:33.323326] 87.249.9.98 << some data [16:29:33.323386] 87.249.9.98 << some data [16:29:33.323440] 87.249.9.98 << some data [16:29:33.323493] 62.140.224.1 << some data [16:29:34.123435] 62.140.224.1 >> some data [16:29:34.123525] 87.249.9.98 << some data [16:29:34.123593] 87.249.9.98 << some data [16:29:34.123648] 87.249.9.98 << some data [16:29:34.123702] 62.140.224.1 << some data AS3 client code package { import adobe.utils.CustomActions; import flash.display.Sprite; import flash.events.DataEvent; import flash.events.Event; import flash.events.IOErrorEvent; import flash.events.KeyboardEvent; import flash.events.MouseEvent; import flash.events.SecurityErrorEvent; import flash.net.XMLSocket; import flash.system.Security; import flash.text.TextField; public class Main extends Sprite { private var socket :XMLSocket; private var textField :TextField = new TextField; private var connectButton :TextField = new TextField; public function Main():void { if (stage) init(); else addEventListener(Event.ADDED_TO_STAGE, init); } private function init(event:Event = null):void { socket = new XMLSocket(); socket.addEventListener(Event.CONNECT, connectHandler); socket.addEventListener(DataEvent.DATA, dataHandler); stage.addEventListener(KeyboardEvent.KEY_DOWN, keyDownHandler); addChild(textField); textField.y = 50; textField.width = 780; textField.height = 500; textField.border = true; connectButton.selectable = false; connectButton.border = true; connectButton.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN, connectMouseDownHandler); connectButton.width = 105; connectButton.height = 20; connectButton.text = "click here to connect"; addChild(connectButton); } private function connectHandler(event:Event):void { textField.appendText("Connect\n"); textField.appendText("Press and hold any key\n"); } private function dataHandler(event:DataEvent):void { var now:Date = new Date(); textField.appendText(event.data + " time = " + now.getMinutes() + ":" + now.getSeconds() + ":" + now.getMilliseconds() + "\n"); connectButton.x += 2; } private function keyDownHandler(event:KeyboardEvent):void { socket.send("some data"); } private function connectMouseDownHandler(event:MouseEvent):void { var connectAddress:String = "ep1c.org"; var connectPort:Number = 13250; Security.loadPolicyFile("xmlsocket://" + connectAddress + ":" + String(connectPort)); socket.connect(connectAddress, connectPort); } } } Python server code from twisted.internet import reactor from twisted.internet.protocol import ServerFactory from twisted.protocols.basic import LineOnlyReceiver import datetime class EchoProtocol(LineOnlyReceiver): ##### name = "" id = 0 delimiter = chr(0) ##### def getName(self): return self.transport.getPeer().host def connectionMade(self): self.id = self.factory.getNextId() print "New connection from %s - id:%s" % (self.getName(), self.id) self.factory.clientProtocols[self.id] = self def connectionLost(self, reason): print "Lost connection from "+ self.getName() del self.factory.clientProtocols[self.id] self.factory.sendMessageToAllClients(self.getName() + " has disconnected.") def lineReceived(self, line): print "[%s] %s >> %s" % (datetime.datetime.now().time(), self, line) if line=="<policy-file-request/>": data = """<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE cross-domain-policy SYSTEM "http://www.adobe.com/xml/dtds/cross-domain-policy.dtd"> <!-- Policy file for xmlsocket://ep1c.org --> <cross-domain-policy> <allow-access-from domain="*" to-ports="%s" /> </cross-domain-policy>""" % PORT self.send(data) else: self.factory.sendMessageToAllClients( line ) def send(self, line): print "[%s] %s << %s" % (datetime.datetime.now().time(), self, line) if line: self.transport.write( str(line) + chr(0)) else: print "Nothing to send" def __str__(self): return self.getName() class ChatProtocolFactory(ServerFactory): protocol = EchoProtocol def __init__(self): self.clientProtocols = {} self.nextId = 0 def getNextId(self): id = self.nextId self.nextId += 1 return id def sendMessageToAllClients(self, msg): for client in self.clientProtocols: self.clientProtocols[client].send(msg) def sendMessageToClient(self, id, msg): self.clientProtocols[id].send(msg) PORT = 13250 print "Starting Server" factory = ChatProtocolFactory() reactor.listenTCP(PORT, factory) reactor.run()

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• How to reliably measure available memory in Linux?

  - by Alex B

  Linux /proc/meminfo shows a number of memory usage statistics. MemTotal: 4040732 kB MemFree: 23160 kB Buffers: 163340 kB Cached: 3707080 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 1129324 kB Inactive: 2762912 kB There is quite a bit of overlap between them. For example, as far as I understand, there can be active page cache (belongs to "cached" and "active") and inactive page cache ("inactive" + "cached"). What I want to do is to measure "free" memory, but in a way that it includes used pages that are likely to be dropped without a significant impact on overall system's performance. At first, I was inclined to use "free" + "inactive", but Linux's "free" utility uses "free" + "cached" in its "buffer-adjusted" display, so I am curious what a better approach is. When the kernel runs out of memory, what is the priority of pages to drop and what is the more appropriate metric to measure available memory?

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• How to manipulate the GL.bindframebuffer to target to bind GL_EXT_framebuffer

  - by Alan

  I'm trying to change the framebuffer object from GL_ARB_framebuffer and force it to use GL_EXT_framebuffer since my system is not compatible with the first one. Where in the solution do I need to implement this and how? more information on my problem whenever I create a new Windows OpenGL project from Visual Studio using MonoGame i get the error "cannot find entry point in glbindframebuffer in opengl32.dll" since the framebuffer it uses is GL_ARB_framebuffer which is only supported in Opengl 3 so in a github post i read Gihub post where they suggest this patch that in order to patch you need to force the frame buffers to use GL_EXT_framebuffer but I dont know how to force them to use the EXT instead of the ARB , btw Im using Opengl v2 Mobile intel 4 series card, which is Opengl v2 and ARB needs Opengl v3.

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• what is the wrong in this code(openAl in vc++)

  - by maiajam

  hi how are you all? i need your help i have this code #include <conio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <al.h> #include <alc.h> #include <alut.h> #pragma comment(lib, "openal32.lib") #pragma comment(lib, "alut.lib") /* * These are OpenAL "names" (or "objects"). They store and id of a buffer * or a source object. Generally you would expect to see the implementation * use values that scale up from '1', but don't count on it. The spec does * not make this mandatory (as it is OpenGL). The id's can easily be memory * pointers as well. It will depend on the implementation. */ // Buffers to hold sound data. ALuint Buffer; // Sources are points of emitting sound. ALuint Source; /* * These are 3D cartesian vector coordinates. A structure or class would be * a more flexible of handling these, but for the sake of simplicity we will * just leave it as is. */ // Position of the source sound. ALfloat SourcePos[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 }; // Velocity of the source sound. ALfloat SourceVel[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 }; // Position of the Listener. ALfloat ListenerPos[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 }; // Velocity of the Listener. ALfloat ListenerVel[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 }; // Orientation of the Listener. (first 3 elements are "at", second 3 are "up") // Also note that these should be units of '1'. ALfloat ListenerOri[] = { 0.0, 0.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 }; /* * ALboolean LoadALData() * * This function will load our sample data from the disk using the Alut * utility and send the data into OpenAL as a buffer. A source is then * also created to play that buffer. */ ALboolean LoadALData() { // Variables to load into. ALenum format; ALsizei size; ALvoid* data; ALsizei freq; ALboolean loop; // Load wav data into a buffer. alGenBuffers(1, &Buffer); if(alGetError() != AL_NO_ERROR) return AL_FALSE; alutLoadWAVFile((ALbyte *)"C:\Users\Toshiba\Desktop\Graduation Project\OpenAL\open AL test\wavdata\FancyPants.wav", &format, &data, &size, &freq, &loop); alBufferData(Buffer, format, data, size, freq); alutUnloadWAV(format, data, size, freq); // Bind the buffer with the source. alGenSources(1, &Source); if(alGetError() != AL_NO_ERROR) return AL_FALSE; alSourcei (Source, AL_BUFFER, Buffer ); alSourcef (Source, AL_PITCH, 1.0 ); alSourcef (Source, AL_GAIN, 1.0 ); alSourcefv(Source, AL_POSITION, SourcePos); alSourcefv(Source, AL_VELOCITY, SourceVel); alSourcei (Source, AL_LOOPING, loop ); // Do another error check and return. if(alGetError() == AL_NO_ERROR) return AL_TRUE; return AL_FALSE; } /* * void SetListenerValues() * * We already defined certain values for the Listener, but we need * to tell OpenAL to use that data. This function does just that. */ void SetListenerValues() { alListenerfv(AL_POSITION, ListenerPos); alListenerfv(AL_VELOCITY, ListenerVel); alListenerfv(AL_ORIENTATION, ListenerOri); } /* * void KillALData() * * We have allocated memory for our buffers and sources which needs * to be returned to the system. This function frees that memory. */ void KillALData() { alDeleteBuffers(1, &Buffer); alDeleteSources(1, &Source); alutExit(); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { printf("MindCode's OpenAL Lesson 1: Single Static Source\n\n"); printf("Controls:\n"); printf("p) Play\n"); printf("s) Stop\n"); printf("h) Hold (pause)\n"); printf("q) Quit\n\n"); // Initialize OpenAL and clear the error bit. alutInit(NULL, 0); alGetError(); // Load the wav data. if(LoadALData() == AL_FALSE) { printf("Error loading data."); return 0; } SetListenerValues(); // Setup an exit procedure. atexit(KillALData); // Loop. ALubyte c = ' '; while(c != 'q') { c = getche(); switch(c) { // Pressing 'p' will begin playing the sample. case 'p': alSourcePlay(Source); break; // Pressing 's' will stop the sample from playing. case 's': alSourceStop(Source); break; // Pressing 'h' will pause the sample. case 'h': alSourcePause(Source); break; }; } return 0; } and it is run willbut i cant here any thing also i am new in programong and wont to program a virtual reality sound in my graduation project and start to learn opeal and vc++ but i dont how to start and from where i must begin and i want to ask if i need to learn about API win ?? and if i need how i can learn that thank you alote and i am sorry coz of my english

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• Verifying serialisation streams when used for messaging

  - by Nick

  I want to add distributed messaging to some applications. One target would be embedded and the other applications would be running on Windows. I'm thinking of having a connection manager, to which all of the applications would connect and communicate. I only need some simple kind of RPC mechanism. I've looked at Google Protocol Buffers, but I don't really like the idea of code generation. I'd rather use serialisation and somehow verify the format of the serialised stream. I.e. Perhaps send metadata about what the stream would contain so that each endpoint can verify it is reading the correct version. Does anyone know of any examples of this? Perhaps the message format could be read from a file which all the applications read to verify the stream format?

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• Simple Emacs keybindings

  - by User1

  I have two operations that I do all the time in Emacs: Create a new buffer and paste the clipboard. [C-S-n] Close the current buffer. [C-S-w] Switch to the last viewed buffer [C-TAB] I feel like a keyboard acrobat when doing the first two operations. I think it would be worth trying some custom keybindings and macros. A few questions about this customization: How would I make a macro for #1? Are these good keybindings (i know this is a bit subjective, but they might be used by something popular that I don't use) Has anyone found a Ctrl-Tab macro that will act like Alt-Tab in Linux/Windows? Specifically, I want it have a stack of buffers according to the last viewed timestamp (most recent on top). I want to continue cycling through the stack until I let go of the ctrl key. When the ctrl key is released, I want the current buffer to get an updated position on the stack.

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• [PHP] - Lowering script memory usage in a "big" file creation

  - by Riccardo

  Hi there people, it looks like I'm facing a typical memory outage problem when using a PHP script. The script, originally developed by another person, serves as an XML sitemap creator, and on large websites uses quite a lot of memory. I thought that the problem was related due to an algorithm holding data in memory until the job was done, but digging into the code I have discovered that the script works in this way: open file in output (will contain XML sitemap entries) in the loop: ---- for each entry to be added in sitemap, do fwrite close file end Although there are no huge arrays or variables being kept in memory, this technique uses a lot of memory. I thought that maybe PHP was buffering under the hood the fwrites and "flushing" data at the end of the script, so I have modified the code to close and open the file every Nth record, but the memory usage is still the same.... I'm debugging the script on my computer and watching memory usage: while script execution runs, memory allocation grows. Is there a particular technique to instruct PHP to free unsed memory, to force flushing buffers if any? Thanks

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• OpenGL Performance Questions

  - by Daniel

  This subject, as with any optimisation problem, gets hit on a lot, but I just couldn't find what I (think) I want. A lot of tutorials, and even SO questions have similar tips; generally covering: Use GL face culling (the OpenGL function, not the scene logic) Only send 1 matrix to the GPU (projectionModelView combination), therefore decreasing the MVP calculations from per vertex to once per model (as it should be). Use interleaved Vertices Minimize as many GL calls as possible, batch where appropriate And possibly a few/many others. I am (for curiosity reasons) rendering 28 million triangles in my application using several vertex buffers. I have tried all the above techniques (to the best of my knowledge), and received almost no performance change. Whilst I am receiving around 40FPS in my implementation, which is by no means problematic, I am still curious as to where these optimisation 'tips' actually come into use? My CPU is idling around 20-50% during rendering, therefore I assume I am GPU bound for increasing performance. Note: I am looking into gDEBugger at the moment Cross posted at Game Development

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• How to debug Perl program sudden exits?

  - by taw

  I have Perl program based on io::async, and it sometimes just exits after a few hours/days without printing any error message whatsoever. There's nothing in dmesg or /var/log either. STDOUT/STDERR are both autoflush(1) so data shouldn't be lost in buffers. It doesn't actually exit from IO::Async::Loop->loop_forever - print I put there just to make sure of that never gets triggered. Now one way would be to keep peppering the program with more and more prints and hope one of them gives me some clue. Is there better way to get information what was going on in a program that made it exit/silently crash?

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• What does this error mean when using OpenAL in the iPhone Simulator?

  - by mystify

  I'm getting this in the console, when creating my OpenAL Sources and Buffers: Cannot find executable for CFBundle/CFPlugIn 0xf530d0 </Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/HAL/Hear.plugin> (not loaded) 2010-05-05 17:11:13.934 Testproj[43173:207] Cannot find function pointer HearCFPlugInFactory for factory 5268FAAB-0147-4272-93FD-4D60A2433C1C in CFBundle/CFPlugIn 0xf430d0 </Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/HAL/Hear.plugin> (not loaded) However, the sounds play nicely. I think HAL is not available on the iPhone, it's just on Mac OS X, right? Do you guys also get that error in the simulator when using OpenAL?

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• Organization of linking to external libraries in C++

  - by Nicholas Palko

  In a cross-platform (Windows, FreeBSD) C++ project I'm working on, I am making use of two external libraries, Protocol Buffers and ZeroMQ. In both projects, I am tracking the latest development branch, so these libraries are recompiled / replaced often. For a development scenario, where is the best place to keep libprotobuf.{a,lib} and zeromq.{so,dll}? Should I have my build script copy them from their respective project directories into my local project's directory (say MyProjectRoot/lib or MyProjectRoot/bin) before I build my project? This seems preferable to tossing things into /usr/local/lib, as I wouldn't want to replace a system-wide stable version with the latest experimental one. Cmake warns me whenever I specify a relative path for linking, so I would suspect copying is a better solution then relative linking? Is this the best approach? Thanks for your help!

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