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• Using an embedded DB (SQLite / SQL Compact) for Message Passing within an app?

  - by wk1989

  Hello, Just out of curiosity, for applications that have a fairly complicated module tree, would something like sqlite/sql compact edition work well for message passing? So if I have modules containing data such as: \SubsystemA\SubSubSysB\ModuleB\ModuleDataC, \SubSystemB\SubSubSystemC\ModuleA\ModuleDataX Using traditional message passing/routing, you have to go through intermediate modules in order to pass a message to ModuleB to request say ModuleDataC. Instead of doing that, if we we simply store "\SubsystemA\SubSubSysB\ModuleB\ModuleDataC" in a sqlite database, getting that data is as simple as a sql query and needs no routing and passing stuff around. Has anyone done this before? Even if you haven't, do you foresee any issues & performance impact? The only concern I have right now would be the passing of custom types, e.g. if ModuleDataC is a custom data structure or a pointer, I'll need some way of storing the data structure into the DB or storing the pointer into the DB. Thanks, JW EDIT One usage case I haven't thought about is when you want to send a message from ModuleA to ModuleB to get ModuleB to do something rather than just getting/setting data. Is it possible to do this using an embedded DB? I believe callback from the DB would be needed, how feasible is this?

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• java + increasing performance and scalability

  - by varun

  Hi, below is the a code snippet, which returns the object of a class. now the object is basially comparing to some parameter in loop. my concern is what if there are thousands of objects in loop, in that case performance and scalability can be an issue. please suggest how to improve this code for performance part public Widget get(String name,int major,int minor,boolean exact) { Widget widgetToReturn = null; if(exact) { Widget w = new Widget(name, major, minor); // for loop using JDK 1.5 version for(Widget wid : set) { if((w.getName().equals(wid.getName())) && (wid.getVersion()).equals(w.getVersion())) { widgetToReturn = w; break; } } } else { Widget w = new Widget(name, major, minor); WidgetVersion widgetVersion = new WidgetVersion(major, minor); // for loop using JDK 1.5 version for(Widget wid : set) { WidgetVersion wv = wid.getVersion(); if((w.getName().equals(wid.getName())) && major == wv.getMajor() && WidgetVersion.isCompatibleAndNewer(wv, widgetVersion)) { widgetToReturn = wid; } else if((w.getName().equals(wid.getName())) && wv.equals(widgetVersion.getMajor(), widgetVersion.getMinor())) { widgetToReturn = w; } } } return widgetToReturn; }

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• Connecting grouped dots/points on a scatter plot based on distance

  - by ToNoY

  I have 2 sets of depth point measurements, for example: > a depth value 1 2 2 2 4 3 3 6 4 4 8 5 5 16 40 6 18 45 7 20 58 > b depth value 1 10 10 2 12 20 3 14 35 I want to show both groups in one figure plotted with depth and with different symbols as you can see here plot(a$value, a$depth, type='b', col='green', pch=15) points(b$value, b$depth, type='b', col='red', pch=14) The plot seems okay, but the annoying part is that the green symbols are all connected (though I want connected lines also). I want connection only when one group has a continued data points at 2 m interval i.e. the symbols should be connected with a line from 2 to 8 m (green) and then group B symbols should be connected from 10-14 m (red) and again group A symbols should be connected (green), which means I do NOT want to see the connection between 8 m sample with the 16 m for group A. An easy solution may be dividing the group A into two parts (say, A-shallow and A-deep) and then plotting A-shallow, B, and A-deep separately. But this is completely impractical because I have thousands of data points with hundreds of groups i.e. I have to produce many depth profiles. Therefore, there has to be a way to program so that dots are NOT connected beyond a prescribed frequency/depth interval (e.g. 2 m in this case) for a particular group of samples. Any idea?

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• JavaCC: How can I specify which token(s) are expected in certain context?

  - by java.is.for.desktop

  Hello, everyone! I need to make JavaCC aware of a context (current parent token), and depending on that context, expect different token(s) to occur. Consider the following pseudo-code: TOKEN <abc> { "abc*" } // recognizes "abc", "abcd", "abcde", ... TOKEN <abcd> { "abcd*" } // recognizes "abcd", "abcde", "abcdef", ... TOKEN <element1> { "element1" "[" expectOnly(<abc>) "]" } TOKEN <element2> { "element2" "[" expectOnly(<abcd>) "]" } ... So when the generated parser is "inside" a token named "element1" and it encounter "abcdef" it recognizes it as <abc>, but when its "inside" a token named "element2" it recognizes the same string as <abcd>. element1 [ abcdef ] // aha! it can only be <abc> element2 [ abcdef ] // aha! it can only be <abcd> If I'm not wrong, it would behave similar to more complex DTD definitions of an XML file. So, how can one specify, in which "context" which token(s) are valid/expected? NOTE: It would be not enough for my real case to define a kind of "hierarchy" of tokens, so that "abcdef" is always first matched against <abcd> and than <abc>. I really need context-aware tokens.

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• Custom authentication module inheriting IHttpModule issue.

  - by Chandan Khatwani

  LoginPage.aspx:- protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Context.Items["Username"] = txtUserId.Text; Context.Items["Password"] = txtPassword.Text; // FormsAuthenticationTicket ticket = new FormsAuthenticationTicket(1, Context.Items["Username"].ToString(), DateTime.Now, DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(10), true, "users", FormsAuthentication.FormsCookiePath); // Encrypt the cookie using the machine key for secure transport string hash = FormsAuthentication.Encrypt(ticket); HttpCookie cookie = new HttpCookie( FormsAuthentication.FormsCookieName, // Name of auth cookie hash); // Hashed ticket // Set the cookie's expiration time to the tickets expiration time if (ticket.IsPersistent) cookie.Expires = ticket.Expiration; Response.Cookies.Add(cookie); Response.Redirect("Default.aspx"); } Global.asax file:- void Application_AuthenticateRequest(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (HttpContext.Current.User != null) { if (HttpContext.Current.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated) { if (HttpContext.Current.User.Identity is FormsIdentity) { FormsIdentity id = (FormsIdentity)HttpContext.Current.User.Identity; FormsAuthenticationTicket ticket = id.Ticket; // Get the stored user-data, in this case, our roles string userData = ticket.UserData; string[] roles = userData.Split(','); HttpContext.Current.User = new System.Security.Principal.GenericPrincipal(id, roles); Response.Write(HttpContext.Current.User.Identity.Name); Response.Redirect("Default.aspx"); } } } } I get the following error after signing in This webpage has a redirect loop. The webpage at http://localhost:1067/Default.aspx has resulted in too many redirects. Clearing your cookies for this site or allowing third-party cookies may fix the problem. If not, it is possibly a server configuration issue and not a problem with your computer.

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• Regular Expressions .NET

  - by Fosa

  I need a regular expression for some arguments that must match on a string. here it is... The string exists out of minimum 8 en maximum 20 characters. These characters of this string may be characters of the alfabet or special chars --With other words..all charachters except from the whitespaces In the complete string there must be atleast 1 number. The string cannot start with a number or an underscore The last 2 characters of the string must be identical, But it doenst matter if those last --identical characters are capital or non-capital (case insensitive) Must match all : +234567899 a_1de*Gg xy1Me*__ !41deF_hij2lMnopq3ss C234567890123$^67800 *5555555 sDF564zer"" !!!!!!!!!4!!!!!!!!!! abcdefghijklmnopq9ss May not match : Cannot be less then 8 or more then 20 chars: a_1+Eff B41def_hIJ2lmnopq3stt Cannot contain a whitespace: A_4 e*gg b41def_Hij2l nopq3ss Cannot start with a number or an underscore: __1+Eff 841DEf_hij2lmnopq3stt cannot end on 2 diffrent characters: a_1+eFg b41DEf_hij2lmnopq3st Cannot be without a number in the string: abCDefghijklmnopqrss abcdef+++dF !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ------------------------------------------------------ This is what I have so far...But I'm really breaking my head on this... If you Don't know the answer completely it's not a problem... I just want to get in the right direction ([^0-9_])(?=.*\d)(\S{8,20})(?i:[\S])\1

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• Are these saml request-response good enough?

  - by Ashwin

  I have set up a single sign on(SSO) for my services. All the services confirm the identity of the user using the IDPorvider(IDP). In my case I am also the IDP. In my saml request, I have included the following: 1. the level for which auth. is required. 2. the consumer url 3. the destination service url. 4. Issuer Then, encrypting this message with the SP's(service provider) private key and then with the IDP's Public key. Then I am sending this request. The IDP on receiving the request, first decrypts with his own private key and then with SP's public key. In the saml response: 1. destination url 2. Issuer 3. Status of the response Is this good enough? Please give your suggestions?

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• How do I check if a scalar has a compiled regex in it with Perl?

  - by Robert P

  Let's say I have a subroutine/method that a user can call to test some data that (as an example) might look like this: sub test_output { my ($self, $test) = @_; my $output = $self->long_process_to_get_data(); if ($output =~ /\Q$test/) { $self->assert_something(); } else { $self->do_something_else(); } } Normally, $test is a string, which we're looking for anywhere in the output. This was an interface put together to make calling it very easy. However, we've found that sometimes, a straight string is problematic - for example, a large, possibly varying number of spaces...a pattern, if you will. Thus, I'd like to let them pass in a regex as an option. I could just do: $output =~ $test if I could assume that it's always a regex, but ah, but the backwards compatibility! If they pass in a string, it still needs to test it like a raw string. So in that case, I'll need to test to see if $test is a regex. Is there any good facility for detecting whether or not a scalar has a compiled regex in it?

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• "date_part('epoch', now() at time zone 'UTC')" not the same time as "now() at time zone 'UTC'" in po

  - by sirlark

  I'm writing a web based front end to a database (PHP/Postgresql) in which I need to store various dates/times. The times are meant to be always be entered on the client side in the local time, and displayed in the local time too. For storage purposes, I store all dates/times as integers (UNIX timestamps) and normalised to UTC. One particular field has a restriction that the timestamp filled in is not allowed to be in the future, so I tried this with a database constraint... CONSTRAINT not_future CHECK (timestamp-300 <= date_part('epoch', now() at time zone 'UTC')) The -300 is to give 5 minutes leeway in case of slightly desynchronised times between browser and server. The problem is, this constraint always fails when submitting the current time. I've done testing, and found the following. In PostgreSQL client: SELECT now() -- returns correct local time SELECT date_part('epoch', now()) -- returns a unix timestamp at UTC (tested by feeding the value into the date function in PHP correcting for its compensation to my time zone) SELECT date_part('epoch', now() at time zone 'UTC') -- returns a unix timestamp at two time zone offsets west, e.g. I am at GMT+2, I get a GMT-2 timestamp. I've figured out obviously that dropping the "at time zone 'UTC'" will solve my problem, but my question is if 'epoch' is meant to return a unix timestamp which AFAIK is always meant to be in UTC, why would the 'epoch' of a time already in UTC be corrected? Is this a bug, or I am I missing something about the defined/normal behaviour here.

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• C++ and Dependency Injection in unit testing

  - by lhumongous

  Suppose I have a C++ class like so: class A { public: A() { } void SetNewB( const B& _b ) { m_B = _b; } private: B m_B; } In order to unit test something like this, I would have to break A's dependency on B. Since class A holds onto an actual object and not a pointer, I would have to refactor this code to take a pointer. Additionally, I would need to create a parent interface class for B so I can pass in my own fake of B when I test SetNewB. In this case, doesn't unit testing with dependency injection further complicate the existing code? If I make B a pointer, I'm now introducing heap allocation, and some piece of code is now responsible for cleaning it up (unless I use ref counted pointers). Additionally, if B is a rather trivial class with only a couple of member variables and functions, why introduce a whole new interface for it instead of just testing with an instance of B? I suppose you could make the argument that it would be easier to refactor A by using an interface. But are there some cases where two classes might need to be tightly coupled?

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• Best way to limit results in MySQL with user subcategories

  - by JM4

  I am trying to essentially solve for the following: 1) Find all users in the system who ONLY have programID 1. 2) Find all users in the system who have programID 1 AND any other active program. My tables structures (in very simple terms are as follows): users userID | Name ================ 1 | John Smith 2 | Lewis Black 3 | Mickey Mantle 4 | Babe Ruth 5 | Tommy Bahama plans ID | userID | plan | status --------------------------- 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 5 | 2 | 3 | 1 6 | 3 | 1 | 0 7 | 3 | 2 | 1 8 | 3 | 3 | 1 9 | 3 | 4 | 1 10 | 4 | 2 | 1 11 | 4 | 4 | 1 12 | 5 | 1 | 1 I know I can easily find all members with a specific plan with something like the following: SELECT * FROM users a JOIN plans b ON (a.userID = b.userID) WHERE b.plan = 1 AND b.status = 1 but this will only tell me which users have an 'active' plan 1. How can I tell who ONLY has plan 1 (in this case only userID 5) and how to tell who has plan 1 AND any other active plan? Update: This is not to get a count, I will actually need the original member information, including all the plans they have so a COUNT(*) response may not be what I'm trying to achieve.

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• Python lists/arrays: disable negative indexing wrap-around

  - by wim

  While I find the negative number wraparound (i.e. A[-2] indexing the second-to-last element) extremely useful in many cases, there are often use cases I come across where it is more of an annoyance than helpful, and I find myself wishing for an alternate syntax to use when I would rather disable that particular behaviour. Here is a canned 2D example below, but I have had the same peeve a few times with other data structures and in other numbers of dimensions. import numpy as np A = np.random.randint(0, 2, (5, 10)) def foo(i, j, r=2): '''sum of neighbours within r steps of A[i,j]''' return A[i-r:i+r+1, j-r:j+r+1].sum() In the slice above I would rather that any negative number to the slice would be treated the same as None is, rather than wrapping to the other end of the array. Because of the wrapping, the otherwise nice implementation above gives incorrect results at boundary conditions and requires some sort of patch like: def ugly_foo(i, j, r=2): def thing(n): return None if n < 0 else n return A[thing(i-r):i+r+1, thing(j-r):j+r+1].sum() I have also tried zero-padding the array or list, but it is still inelegant (requires adjusting the lookup locations indices accordingly) and inefficient (requires copying the array). Am I missing some standard trick or elegant solution for slicing like this? I noticed that python and numpy already handle the case where you specify too large a number nicely - that is, if the index is greater than the shape of the array it behaves the same as if it were None.

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• Is there unresizable space in latex? Pictures in good looking grid.

  - by drasto

  I've created latex macro to typeset guitar chords diagrams(using picture environment). Now I want to make diagrams of different appear in good looking grid when typeset one next to each other as the picture shows: The picture. (on the picture: Labeled "First" bad layout of diagrams, labeled "Second" correct layout when equal number of diagrams in line) I'm using \hspace to make some skips between diagrams, otherwise they would be too near to each other. As you can see in second case when latex arrange pictures in so that there is same number of them in each line it works. However if there is less pictures in the last line they become "shifted" to the right. I don't want this. I guess is because latex makes the space between diagrams in first line a little longer for the line to exactly fit the page width. How do I tell latex not to resize spaces created by \hspace ? Or is there any other way ? I guess I cannot use tables because I don't know how many diagrams will fit in one line... This is current state of code: \newcommand{\spaceForChord}{1.7cm} \newcommnad{\chordChart}[1]{% %calculate dimensions xdim and ydim according to setings \begin{picture}(xdim, ydim){% %draw the diagram inside defined area }% \hspace*{\spaceForChord}% \hspace*{-\xdim}% }% %end preambule and begin document \begin{document} First:\\* \\* \chordChart{...some arguments for to change diagram look...} \chordChart{...some arguments for to change diagram look...} \chordChart{...some arguments for to change diagram look...} \chordChart{...some arguments for to change diagram look...} \chordChart{...some arguments for to change diagram look...} %...above line is repeated 12 more times to produce result shown at the picture \end{document} Thanks for any help.

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• Best way of showing more results with javascript/css

  - by Ricardo Neves

  I'm developing a website and i'm having troubles showing the search results to the user the way I want. Basically, after the user search, the page makes a couple of ajax requests and as soon as a response arrive it appends the info to a specific element on my page. Each results is shown as a line... The problem is that in most case there are going to be more than 1000 results and this would make the page have a large scroll. My idea was to show only the first 15 results and when the user clicks "show more" the element would expand and show the next 15 results and so on... This would be easier to do if the website wasn't responsive, but because it is I can't find the proper way of implementing what I want without lowering the website perfomance. I have "2 ideas": The first is by using something like #element .div:nth-child(-n+15) on my css and figure a way of changing the "15" to how much results I want to show... I don't know if this can be done. Is it possible to call css rules with parameters? Maybe with less css? The second option is probably a bad option if i don't want to lower the website performance. Using javascript I would check if there is a specific css class(like .show-15 .show30 .show45) and add that class to my element and if it don't exist, create it somehow.. Any help would be appreciated.

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• Passing C++ object to C++ code through Python?

  - by cornail

  Hi all, I have written some physics simulation code in C++ and parsing the input text files is a bottleneck of it. As one of the input parameters, the user has to specify a math function which will be evaluated many times at run-time. The C++ code has some pre-defined function classes for this (they are actually quite complex on the math side) and some limited parsing capability but I am not satisfied with this construction at all. What I need is that both the algorithm and the function evaluation remain speedy, so it is advantageous to keep them both as compiled code (and preferrably, the math functions as C++ function objects). However I thought of glueing the whole simulation together with Python: the user could specify the input parameters in a Python script, while also implementing storage, visualization of the results (matplotlib) and GUI, too, in Python. I know that most of the time, exposing C++ classes can be done, e.g. with SWIG but I still have a question concerning the parsing of the user defined math function in Python: Is it possible to somehow to construct a C++ function object in Python and pass it to the C++ algorithm? E.g. when I call f = WrappedCPPGaussianFunctionClass(sigma=0.5) WrappedCPPAlgorithm(f) in Python, it would return a pointer to a C++ object which would then be passed to a C++ routine requiring such a pointer, or something similar... (don't ask me about memory management in this case, though :S) The point is that no callback should be made to Python code in the algorithm. Later I would like to extend this example to also do some simple expression parsing on the Python side, such as sum or product of functions, and return some compound, parse-tree like C++ object but let's stay at the basics for now. Sorry for the long post and thx for the suggestions in advance.

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• Adding new records in Access without wrecking the form

  - by Matt Parker

  I'm working on a simple Access 2003 application to keep track of things that need to be done for clients for some colleagues. Each colleague has a set of clients, and each client has a set of actions that need to be taken by a certain date. I've set up a form that consists of a combobox for client ID (indexed), a drop-down for the person who is handling that client's case, and a button for adding new clients (a standard Access-created Add Record button). The actions are listed in a subform below these three elements. The problem I've run into is that the first person I tested this on clicked the button to add a new record, then didn't fill it out and tried to select another client from the drop-down list. Access interprets this as an attempt to set the selected Client ID as the ID for the new record and rightfully throws an error for duplicate primary keys. I can think of a couple of ways around this problem, but I'd much rather hear your elegant solutions than kludge together some junk in a language I don't know. Let me know if you have any questions. Thank you.

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• Which options do I have for Java process communication?

  - by Dmitriy Matveev

  We have a place in a code of such form: void processParam(Object param) { wrapperForComplexNativeObject result = jniCallWhichMayCrash(param); processResult(result); } processParam - method which is called with many different arguments. jniCallWhichMayCrash - a native method which is intended to do some complex processing of it's parameter and to create some complex object. It can crash in some cases. wrapperForComplexNativeObject - wrapper type generated by SWIG processResult - a method written in pure Java which processes it's parameter by creation of several kinds (by the kinds I'm not meaning classes, maybe some like hierarchies) of objects: 1 - Some non-unique objects which are referencing each other (from the same hierarchy), these objects can have duplicates created from the invocations of processParam() method with different parameter values. Since it's costly to keep all the duplicates it's necessary to cache them. 2 - Some unique objects which are referencing each other (from the same hierarchy) and some of the objects of 1st kind. After processParam is executed for each of the arguments from some set the data created in processResult will be processed together. The problem is in fact that jniCallWhichMayCrash method may crash the entire JVM and this will be very bad. The reason of crash may be such that it can happen for one argument value and not for the other. We've decided that it's better to ignore crashes inside of JVM and just skip some chunks of data when such crashes occur. In order to do this we should run processParam function inside of separate process and pass the result somehow (HOW? HOW?! This is a question) to the main process and in case of any crashes we will only lose some part of data (It's ok) without lose of everything else. So for now the main problem is implementation of transport between different processes. Which options do I have? I can think about serialization and transmitting of binary data by the streams, but serialization may be not very fast due to object complexity. Maybe I have some other options of implementing this?

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• Delphi: EInvalidOp in neural network class (TD-lambda)

  - by user89818

  I have the following draft for a neural network class. This neural network should learn with TD-lambda. It is started by calling the getRating() function. But unfortunately, there is an EInvalidOp (invalid floading point operation) error after about 1000 iterations in the following lines: neuronsHidden[j] := neuronsHidden[j]+neuronsInput[t][i]*weightsInput[i][j]; // input -> hidden weightsHidden[j][k] := weightsHidden[j][k]+LEARNING_RATE_HIDDEN*tdError[k]*eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k]; // adjust hidden->output weights according to TD-lambda Why is this error? I can't find the mistake in my code :( Can you help me? Thank you very much in advance! unit uNeuronalesNetz; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, ExtCtrls, StdCtrls, Grids, Menus, Math; const NEURONS_INPUT = 43; // number of neurons in the input layer NEURONS_HIDDEN = 60; // number of neurons in the hidden layer NEURONS_OUTPUT = 1; // number of neurons in the output layer NEURONS_TOTAL = NEURONS_INPUT+NEURONS_HIDDEN+NEURONS_OUTPUT; // total number of neurons in the network MAX_TIMESTEPS = 42; // maximum number of timesteps possible (after 42 moves: board is full) LEARNING_RATE_INPUT = 0.25; // in ideal case: decrease gradually in course of training LEARNING_RATE_HIDDEN = 0.15; // in ideal case: decrease gradually in course of training GAMMA = 0.9; LAMBDA = 0.7; // decay parameter for eligibility traces type TFeatureVector = Array[1..43] of SmallInt; // definition of the array type TFeatureVector TArtificialNeuralNetwork = class // definition of the class TArtificialNeuralNetwork private // GENERAL SETTINGS START learningMode: Boolean; // does the network learn and change its weights? // GENERAL SETTINGS END // NETWORK CONFIGURATION START neuronsInput: Array[1..MAX_TIMESTEPS] of Array[1..NEURONS_INPUT] of Extended; // array of all input neurons (their values) for every timestep neuronsHidden: Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Extended; // array of all hidden neurons (their values) neuronsOutput: Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // array of output neurons (their values) weightsInput: Array[1..NEURONS_INPUT] of Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Extended; // array of weights: input->hidden weightsHidden: Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // array of weights: hidden->output // NETWORK CONFIGURATION END // LEARNING SETTINGS START outputBefore: Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // the network's output value in the last timestep (the one before) eligibilityTraceHidden: Array[1..NEURONS_INPUT] of Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // array of eligibility traces: hidden layer eligibilityTraceOutput: Array[1..NEURONS_TOTAL] of Array[1..NEURONS_TOTAL] of Extended; // array of eligibility traces: output layer reward: Array[1..MAX_TIMESTEPS] of Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // the reward value for all output neurons in every timestep tdError: Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // the network's error value for every single output neuron t: Byte; // current timestep cyclesTrained: Integer; // number of cycles trained so far (learning rates could be decreased accordingly) last50errors: Array[1..50] of Extended; // LEARNING SETTINGS END public constructor Create; // create the network object and do the initialization procedure UpdateEligibilityTraces; // update the eligibility traces for the hidden and output layer procedure tdLearning; // learning algorithm: adjust the network's weights procedure ForwardPropagation; // propagate the input values through the network to the output layer function getRating(state: TFeatureVector; explorative: Boolean): Extended; // get the rating for a given state (feature vector) function HyperbolicTangent(x: Extended): Extended; // calculate the hyperbolic tangent [-1;1] procedure StartNewCycle; // start a new cycle with everything set to default except for the weights procedure setLearningMode(activated: Boolean=TRUE); // switch the learning mode on/off procedure setInputs(state: TFeatureVector); // transfer the given feature vector to the input layer (set input neurons' values) procedure setReward(currentReward: SmallInt); // set the reward for the current timestep (with learning then or without) procedure nextTimeStep; // increase timestep t function getCyclesTrained(): Integer; // get the number of cycles trained so far procedure Visualize(imgHidden: Pointer); // visualize the neural network's hidden layer end; implementation procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.UpdateEligibilityTraces; var i, j, k: Integer; begin // how worthy is a weight to be adjusted? for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k] := LAMBDA*eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k]+(neuronsOutput[k]*(1-neuronsOutput[k]))*neuronsHidden[j]; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k] := LAMBDA*eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k]+(neuronsOutput[k]*(1-neuronsOutput[k]))*weightsHidden[j][k]*neuronsHidden[j]*(1-neuronsHidden[j])*neuronsInput[t][i]; end; end; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.setReward; VAR i: Integer; begin for i := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin // +1 = player A wins // 0 = draw // -1 = player B wins reward[t][i] := currentReward; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.tdLearning; var i, j, k: Integer; begin if learningMode then begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin if reward[t][k] = 0 then begin tdError[k] := GAMMA*neuronsOutput[k]-outputBefore[k]; // network's error value when reward is 0 end else begin tdError[k] := reward[t][k]-outputBefore[k]; // network's error value in the final state (reward received) end; for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin weightsHidden[j][k] := weightsHidden[j][k]+LEARNING_RATE_HIDDEN*tdError[k]*eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k]; // adjust hidden->output weights according to TD-lambda for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin weightsInput[i][j] := weightsInput[i][j]+LEARNING_RATE_INPUT*tdError[k]*eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k]; // adjust input->hidden weights according to TD-lambda end; end; end; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.ForwardPropagation; var i, j, k: Integer; begin for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin neuronsHidden[j] := 0; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin neuronsHidden[j] := neuronsHidden[j]+neuronsInput[t][i]*weightsInput[i][j]; // input -> hidden end; neuronsHidden[j] := HyperbolicTangent(neuronsHidden[j]); // activation of hidden neuron j end; for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin neuronsOutput[k] := 0; for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin neuronsOutput[k] := neuronsOutput[k]+neuronsHidden[j]*weightsHidden[j][k]; // hidden -> output end; neuronsOutput[k] := HyperbolicTangent(neuronsOutput[k]); // activation of output neuron k end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.setLearningMode; begin learningMode := activated; end; constructor TArtificialNeuralNetwork.Create; var i, j, k: Integer; begin inherited Create; Randomize; // initialize random numbers generator learningMode := TRUE; cyclesTrained := -2; // only set to -2 because it will be increased twice in the beginning StartNewCycle; for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin weightsHidden[j][k] := abs(Random-0.5); // initialize weights: 0 <= random < 0.5 end; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin weightsInput[i][j] := abs(Random-0.5); // initialize weights: 0 <= random < 0.5 end; end; for i := 1 to 50 do begin last50errors[i] := 0; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.nextTimeStep; begin t := t+1; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.StartNewCycle; var i, j, k, m: Integer; begin t := 1; // start in timestep 1 cyclesTrained := cyclesTrained+1; // increase the number of cycles trained so far for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin neuronsHidden[j] := 0; for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k] := 0; outputBefore[k] := 0; neuronsOutput[k] := 0; for m := 1 to MAX_TIMESTEPS do begin reward[m][k] := 0; end; end; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k] := 0; end; end; end; end; function TArtificialNeuralNetwork.getCyclesTrained; begin result := cyclesTrained; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.setInputs; var k: Integer; begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin neuronsInput[t][k] := state[k]; end; end; function TArtificialNeuralNetwork.getRating; begin setInputs(state); ForwardPropagation; result := neuronsOutput[1]; if not explorative then begin tdLearning; // adjust the weights according to TD-lambda ForwardPropagation; // calculate the network's output again outputBefore[1] := neuronsOutput[1]; // set outputBefore which will then be used in the next timestep UpdateEligibilityTraces; // update the eligibility traces for the next timestep nextTimeStep; // go to the next timestep end; end; function TArtificialNeuralNetwork.HyperbolicTangent; begin if x > 5500 then // prevent overflow result := 1 else result := (Exp(2*x)-1)/(Exp(2*x)+1); end; end.

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• help me refactor iteration over a generic collection

  - by Biswanath

  Hi, I am working with a generic data structure, say MyGeneric<Type>. There is a case where I have to iterate over all the values it holds The code I am trying to do. for ( all the keys in myGeneric ) { // do lot of stuff here } Now the generic can hold base type as double and string and it can hold some user-defined type also. There is a particular situation where I have to some specific work depending upon the type of the generic. so the final code block looks something like this for( all the keys in myGeneric ) { if key is type foo then //do foo foo else if key is of type bar //do bar bar } Now, as complexity sensitive as I am I do not like to have an if condition in the for loop. So the next solution I did was if myGeneric is of type foo call fooIterator(myGeneric) if myGenric is of type bar call barItetrator(myGeneric) function FooIterator() { // ..... // foo work //...... } function BarItetrator() { // ..... // bar work //...... } Then again when somebody sees my code then I am quite sure that they will shout where is the "refactoring". What is the ideal thing to do in this situation ? Thanks.

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• Deterministic floating point and .NET

  - by code2code

  How can I guarantee that floating point calculations in a .NET application (say in C#) always produce the same bit-exact result? Especially when using different versions of .NET and running on different platforms (x86 vs x86_64). Inaccuracies of floating point operations do not matter. In Java I'd use strictfp. In C/C++ and other low level languages this problem is essentially solved by accessing the FPU / SSE control registers but that's probably not possible in .NET. Even with control of the FPU control register the JIT of .NET will generate different code on different platforms. Something like HotSpot would be even worse in this case... Why do I need it? I'm thinking about writing a real-time strategy (RTS) game which heavily depends on fast floating point math together with a lock stepped simulation. Essentially I will only transmit user input across the network. This also applies to other games which implement replays by storing the user input. Not an option are: decimals (too slow) fixed point values (too slow and cumbersome when using sqrt, sin, cos, tan, atan...) update state across the network like an FPS: Sending position information for hundreds or a few thousand units is not an option Any ideas?

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• How do you make use of the provider independency in the Entity Framework?

  - by Anders Svensson

  I'm trying to learn more about data access and the Entity Framework. My goal is to have a "provider independent" data access layer (to be able to switch easily e.g. from SQL Server to MySQL or vice versa), and since the EF is supposed to be provider independent it seems like a good way to go. But how do you use this provider independence? I mean, I was expecting to be able to sort of "program to an interface", and then just be able to switch database provider. But as far as I can tell I'm only getting a concrete type to program against, an "Entities" class, e.g. in my case it is: UserDBEntities _context = new UserDBEntities(); What I would have expected to be able to switch provider easily was to have an interface e.g. like IEntities _context = new UserDBEntities(); Sort of like I can do with datasets... But maybe that isn't how it works at all with EF? Or do you just switch provider in the connectionstring, and the model stays the same?? Please remember that I'm a complete newbie at this EF, and rather inexperienced with databases in general, so I would really appreciate if you could be as clear as possible :-)

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• java setting resolution and print size for an Image

  - by Ingrid

  I wrote a program that generates a BufferedImage to be displayed on the screen and then printed. Part of the image includes grid lines that are 1 pixel wide. That is, the line is 1 pixel, with about 10 pixels between lines. Because of screen resolution, the image is displayed much bigger than that, with several pixels for each line. I'd like to draw it smaller, but when I scale the image (either by using Image.getScaledInstance or Graphics2D.scale), I lose significant amounts of detail. I'd like to print the image as well, and am dealing with the same problem. In that case, I am using this code to set the resolution: HashPrintRequestAttributeSet set = new HashPrintRequestAttributeSet(); PrinterResolution pr = new PrinterResolution(250, 250, ResolutionSyntax.DPI); set.add(pr); job.print(set); which works to make the image smaller without losing detail. But the problem is that the image is cut off at the same boundary as if I hadn't set the resolution. I'm also confused because I expected a larger number of DPI to make a smaller image, but it's working the other way. I'm using java 1.6 on Windows 7 with eclipse.

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• queued view updates not happening when performSelector afterDelay:0 used

  - by JosephH

  Hi all, I have an app that performs some calculations based on data arriving on a socket or local user interaction. I want to show an 'activity spinner' whilst the calculation happens. spinner = [[UIActivityIndiactorView alloc] initWithActivityIndicatorStyle:UIActivityIndicatorViewStyleWhiteLarge]; [spinner setCenter:self.view.center]; [self.view addSubview:spinner]; [spinner startAnimating]; [self performSelector:@selector(doCalcs) withObject:nil afterDelay:0]; This works well, except in the case where the code is run as a result of a message arriving over the network. I'm using http://code.google.com/p/cocoaasyncsocket/ to handle sockets and the code is running in the onSocket:didReadData:withTag: method. 'doCalcs' takes a few seconds. The spinner doesn't appear whilst it's running. If I change afterDelay:0 to afterDelay:1 then the spinner does appear the whole time doCalcs is running, but with the downside that it takes an extra second. So it seems the code is all correct, but for whatever reason the spinner isn't getting a chance to get on screen before doCalcs runs. Any suggestions would be most welcome.

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• File IO with Streams - Best Memory Buffer Size

  - by AJ

  I am writing a small IO library to assist with a larger (hobby) project. A part of this library performs various functions on a file, which is read / written via the FileStream object. On each StreamReader.Read(...) pass, I fire off an event which will be used in the main app to display progress information. The processing that goes on in the loop is vaired, but is not too time consuming (it could just be a simple file copy, for example, or may involve encryption...). My main question is: What is the best memory buffer size to use? Thinking about physical disk layouts, I could pick 2k, which would cover a CD sector size and is a nice multiple of a 512 byte hard disk sector. Higher up the abstraction tree, you could go for a larger buffer which could read an entire FAT cluster at a time. I realise with today's PC's, I could go for a more memory hungry option (a couple of MiB, for example), but then I increase the time between UI updates and the user perceives a less responsive app. As an aside, I'm eventually hoping to provide a similar interface to files hosted on FTP / HTTP servers (over a local network / fastish DSL). What would be the best memory buffer size for those (again, a "best-case" tradeoff between perceived responsiveness vs. performance).

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• Gearman client doBackground always returns GEARMAN_TIMEOUT

  - by Ascherer

  So, ive got a simple gearman system running right now, with a worker running. The worker basically just takes the payload (a random number in this case, and is supposed to echo it back to the screen. Literally an echo, not returning to the client. The client sends the random number. Im trying to do a $client->doBackground( 'post', 65482, md5(uniqid())); but its coming back with a 47 error (GEARMAN_TIMEOUT) every time. getErrNo() returns 0, error() returns something about GEARMAN_TIMEOUT However, when i change it to just $client->do(blah, blah, blah), it works just fine. I've even occasionally seen it where the worker still echo's the number, even after getting the timeout error... public function execute() { $method = 'do'; if( !$this->getBlock() ) { $method .= ( $this->getPriority() == 'Normal' ? '' : $this->getPriority() ) . 'Background'; } else { $method .= $this->getPriority(); } echo "Method: $method \t Worker: {$this->getName()} \t Payload: {$this->getPayload()} \t Hash: {$this->getHash()}\n"; $this->setResult( $this->getClient() ->$method( $this->getName(), $this->getPayload(), $this->getHash() ) ); if( $this->getClient()->returnCode() != GEARMAN_SUCCESS ) { echo "Code: " . $this->getClient()->returnCode() . "\t" . GEARMAN_TIMEOUT . "\n"; } }

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