Search Results

Search found 7204 results on 289 pages for 'almost dead'.

Page 79/289 | < Previous Page | 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86  | Next Page >

• How can I ensure reasonably spaced out enemies

  - by Samuraisoulification

  I have a simple javascript game and I'm initializing their positions on the y axis using random numbers. How can I ensure that they are reasonably spaced apart? My simple algorithm is: y = (Math.random()*1000%600); However I frequently get enemies almost directly on top of each other. This is a huge problem for the game, since it's a word game and the enemies have text on their center, that if overlapped makes them impossible to kill since you can't see the words. Any advice would be appreciated! I'm pretty new to making games in general so this has all been a learning experience for me!

  Read the article

• If I have true i/o false or vice versa, is it an OBOE?

  - by Protector one

  I often make the mistake of inverting my truth values in my code (e.g. in my if clauses). It gives me the same feeling as when making an OBOE (Off By One Error), even though it's technically not. Would you call it an OBOE, or better yet, is there a specific term for "off by truth value"-errors? My reasoning is that all possible values of a boolean are true and false. In other words, the possible values are contained in the array: [true, false]. If you access this array by index, you'll always be off by one… when selecting the wrong one. This becomes especially obvious when you calculate your index as: index = someInt % 2. Now I understand that this usually not the case, but in my mind, it always feels like this. Almost got it, just off by one…

  Read the article

• Limitation of high level languages? [closed]

  - by user1705796

  My question may look bit philosophical and nonsense! But I need to know kind of instructions those are not well suitable in high level languages even in c? Or rarely use in the development of software? Like read/write content of CPU registers may useful in debugging programs. And access to cache memory required when developing OS (maybe I am wrong at this point). Is this kind of instruction available languages like Java, Python, C? I also have a second question: And Why all high level languages not having same uniform syntax; at-least same standard library interface name? In python there is and. Or operator is almost same as && and ||. I think Python is developed after C but space indentation is compulsory in Python. Why Python does not use brackets {}. I already know this question going to be highly down-voted.

  Read the article

• The entire User Interface freezes/becomes unresponsive for up to 20 seconds

  - by user2400801

  I am a rails developer, using Ubuntu 13.10 installed on a Asus S550C Ultrabook (was a windows 8 machine originally) Every day I work with Sublime Text 2, Google Chrome, and Terminal (about 6 tabs open) The problem: clicking on the menu bar (eg File - Save) while using Sublime Text 2 will occasionally (eg almost always) make the ENTIRE COMPUTER freeze for up to 20 seconds. This occasionally happens when I go to log out / lock my computer. Sometimes it doesn't freeze completely but rather is just very sluggish and then recovers. I don't know if this is a problem with Sublime Text 2, or the Ubuntu 13.10 operating system. (Thanks for reading) Best Regards

  Read the article

• Is this the place to ask SEO questions [on hold]

  - by user39206

  I'm adding business listings to an existing website of which Google has sort of been referencing well but my Meta tags have a lot to be desired! Due to other work commitments I have kind of neglected the site but now think I should put the proper time and effort into getting it just right as it does earn me money. I am a developer so I have all the necessary skills to build the site, it's almost done!. Now I'm just a little worried that I could do something wrong and loose the rapport I've built up with Google in the past or be ban. Especially with the new tags I see like: <link rel=”publisher” href=”https://plus.google.com/[YOUR BUSINESS G+ PROFILE HERE]“/> Really I just want to know for now, is this the place to ask SEO question?

  Read the article

• How can one combat boredom?

  - by sten29

  I'm not sure if it is a right place to ask about it but I think it is worth to try. I am PHP programer with near 5 years professional experience. I passed Zend certificates (PHP4, PHP5, ZF), I know almost everything what I should know. And the problem is, that I am bored. I think that I should change technology. It will give me a boost. It will give me satisfaction from work again. But I'm not sure what to choose. Java, .Net, C++ or maybe something other? I am really open to any technology. Have you ever had similar problem? What do you think about it? Maybe I should try few months holiday instead changing language?

  Read the article

• Is there a problem if I don't setup google analytics in my website?

  - by sagar

  is there a problem if I don't setup google analytics in my website? I have read lot of articles describing use of google analytics but I have not added it in my site. In Cpanel I can check all things like stats, unique visitor etc and in google analytics its almost same but if I want sponsor for my site then is it necessary to have google analytics? or can cpanel stats be shown to sponsor? Thanks for reading! I hope I get an answer!

  Read the article

• Ubuntu 12.10, mouse double click by itself

  - by Ribi

  I updated ubuntu 11.10 some time ago and I had a problem with my mouse. When I click somewhere it would double click by itself. It was pretty anoying as I would start 2x my application almost each time. Then, some update came and the mouse was better. But now, I updated to 12.10 and it does the same thing again. I'm using an Logitech MX Revolution. I don't know what I can do to resolve this problem? Thanks

  Read the article

• What to do about USB support?

  - by RhZ

  USB speeds are consistently slow in ubuntu, and have been for years. I just bought two new machines with usb 3.0, running 10.04, and yet nothing has changed, top speeds are only about 8.0 MB per second and they quickly drop to 2 or less. Its very frustrating. Are there any fixes for this at all? I find almost nothing online. The board is a gigabyte 970A-DS3 motherboard. Is there any driver I should install? I am using brand new usb sticks (kingston) and making sure to plug into the 3.0 (blue) slot.

  Read the article

• Gnome-shell partially freezes

  - by user568021

  My specs: Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS, Gnome3, Dell Studio laptop This is not happening all the time, but only sometimes .. totally randomly. When I'm in the middle of some work something totally weird happens. Keyboard suddenly stops working. I can't type, no matter which key I press nothing happens. I can't press Alt+Tab, I can't press Alt+F4, Alt+F2... nothing. Activities button is dead. Also right click does not work...and something even more annoying. I can click on the 'menu' in the top right corner(the menu pops up), but clicking on 'power-off' or 'suspend' option doesn't do anything. The only little thing I can do is: Close the lid of my laptop so it goes to sleep. Than wake it up again. And than it's ok. Everything works. So I guess restarting (or refreshing) gnome-shell fixes the problem. Sorry if the title of this question is odd... I don't know how to properly describe this.

  Read the article

• Double equals (Not equality) during assigning Java

  - by FabianCook

  When I tried searching this I would just get things on equality. When I was reading through some documentation for navigation in Android I had come across something I had never seen before. I came across this: mTitle = mDrawerTitle = getTitle(); It almost looks like something you can do in JavaScript where you can take the first not-null variable and assign it to a variable. In JavaScript I would do this: mTitle = mDrawerTitle || getTitle(); And it would return the first not null, in Java, is this double equals usage the equivalent in Java? What is this type of expression called?

  Read the article

• Pitfalls of using a WYSIWYG editor? [closed]

  - by user50849

  I'm interested in reasons for disallowing content editors on medium to large sites, from using various forms of WYSIWYG editors. A common problematic scenario I can think of is that with the use of a WYSIWYG, an editor uploads an image "somewhere" to the file-system, inserts it directly into the text, and publishes the article. Shortly afterwards, someone wants to pull out "The last 10 uploaded images", and display them on the frontpage. Good luck parsing all the content. Taking a look around at some large international online magazines, such as http://www.time.com/, and some local ones, I see that the editors seem to produce articles that are almost only consisting of raw text. Images are usually at the top of the article, and otherwise the most complex content are usually links. What are some common reasons for refusing editors access to WYSIWYG tools?

  Read the article

• Ubuntu and surround sound

  - by keith

  I'm trying to connect my Logitech x.530 to my Dell studio 1558 and get 5.1 sound. I have 3 jacks and in Windows I automatically could switch between line in adn mic. Which means I could get 5.1 surround over these 3 jacks. Ubuntu does not realise that one of the three jacks should be switched to give sound to the center and LFE speaker. I tried all the tips in the forums, but nothing works. I can only select 4.0 sound in pulse audio. As the dell and the IDT 92hd89e chip for the sound are probably famous laptops I thought there must be someone who has similar issues in the 5.1 sound. I would like to stay at Linux but without this hardware support it's almost impossible.

  Read the article

• Full USB install not booting, but Zorin full install will? [on hold]

  - by elmalote

  Okay I'm puzzled and been trying to solve this for days. I'm almost giving up on having Ubuntu. I've used Zorin will no problems, full install on USB. Boots up fine no issues. But I'm trying to install Ubuntu on the same USB stick. Exact same options under the installer. Mount point, bootloader location etc. However it will not boot with Ubuntu full install. I've tried disabling UEFI boot in BIOS, changed boot priorities and so on. I know the stick boots as Zorin has no issues. I didn't even disable UEFI boot in BIOS and Zorin boots up fine. Can someone help!? Thanks a lot.

  Read the article

• Internships and certification in IT Business Analyst? [closed]

  - by light

  I'm new in this field, I have almost no experience. But I know here many people who do it every day and have many years of experience behind! And I hope they can help me! Generally, I'm interested to know the following: certificates to fully understand technology and to show to employers maybe you know good places to have an internship (country doesn't matter) EDIT #1: question was changed to be more specific. EDIT #2: thanks, I think the question should be closed, because the question depends from my need, what type of work I want to have).

  Read the article

• Poll: What kind of computer should a corporate provide to their developers.

    I have been collecting a poll to almost any developer I find on my way as well as business owners. I have been looking to see what a small development shop, medium size company and a big corporate considers when providing development computers to their software developers. This has being very intriguing to me. In my career I found different software developers, the ones that work always with one product and one framework, as well as the one that keeps a few frameworks and projects. Of course...Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

  Read the article

• Problems with input and suspend(separately)

  - by VaultPrisoner

  I'm still very new at Ubuntu/any other linux OS, so this might be an easy fix for most. I installed Ubuntu 14.04 a few days ago, it's dual-booted with Windows 8.1 and I'm using a Toshiba laptop. Whenever I suspend/close my computer, and then open it again, the front LEDs will light up telling me that it's running, but the screen will not do anything. I can hear the fan spinning, but it's almost like the screen doesn't power on like it should. Also, another problem I'm having, is that ~60% of the time, my trackpad and keyboard do not work at all, this starts as soon as Ubuntu boots up. To fix it, I just turn it off and back on until it works. My USB mouse does work no matter what though. Both problems are only present in Ubuntu and not windows 8.1.

  Read the article

• Ubuntu 12.10 doesn't work after update

  - by ACRTH

  12.10 doesn't work after a partial distribution update. I had some trouble before I began the update, and the Partial Update thingy appeared. It took about 6 hours to update/upgrade, don't know why. After the update, I restarted the laptop and nautilus doesn't appear nor does Unity. I can't switch to Gnome or anything else to try and fix it. The resolution is weird (doesn't fill out the right side of the screen). I'm almost sure it's Compiz who's the sinner (or me.) but I need help to get everything working again. Internet connections is fine. I have tried sudo apt-get install -f and sudo apt-get upgrade and so on.

  Read the article

• Should I read Kochan's "Programming in C" (10 years old) [on hold]

  - by notypist

  I plan on learning Obj-C and so I decided to do it by the book and learn C first. The problem: S.G. Kochan's highly acclaimed book "Programming in C" (3rd edition) is almost ten years old now1. I really want to get started and everywhere I looked this seemed like the book for beginners with an assumed zero-knowledge in programming2. So, should I buy it or not? 1: A 4th edition is available to preorder but it's only due in March, 2014! 2: I know some HTML, CSS, and a tiny bit of PHP.

  Read the article

• Load and Web Performance Testing using Visual Studio Ultimate 2010-Part 3

  - by Tarun Arora

  Welcome back once again, in Part 1 of Load and Web Performance Testing using Visual Studio 2010 I talked about why Performance Testing the application is important, the test tools available in Visual Studio Ultimate 2010 and various test rig topologies, in Part 2 of Load and Web Performance Testing using Visual Studio 2010 I discussed the details of web performance & load tests as well as why it’s important to follow a goal based pattern while performance testing your application. In part 3 I’ll be discussing Test Result Analysis, Test Result Drill through, Test Report Generation, Test Run Comparison, Asp.net Profiler and some closing thoughts. Test Results – I see some creepy worms! In Part 2 we put together a web performance test and a load test, lets run the test to see load test to see how the Web site responds to the load simulation. While the load test is running you will be able to see close to real time analysis in the Load Test Analyser window. You can use the Load Test Analyser to conduct load test analysis in three ways: Monitor a running load test - A condensed set of the performance counter data is maintained in memory. To prevent the results memory requirements from growing unbounded, up to 200 samples for each performance counter are maintained. This includes 100 evenly spaced samples that span the current elapsed time of the run and the most recent 100 samples.         After the load test run is completed - The test controller spools all collected performance counter data to a database while the test is running. Additional data, such as timing details and error details, is loaded into the database when the test completes. The performance data for a completed test is loaded from the database and analysed by the Load Test Analyser. Below you can see a screen shot of the summary view, this provides key results in a format that is compact and easy to read. You can also print the load test summary, this is generated after the test has completed or been stopped.         Analyse the load test results of a previously run load test – We’ll see this in the section where i discuss comparison between two test runs. The performance counters can be plotted on the graphs. You also have the option to highlight a selected part of the test and view details, drill down to the user activity chart where you can hover over to see more details of the test run.   Generate Report => Test Run Comparisons The level of reports you can generate using the Load Test Analyser is astonishing. You have the option to create excel reports and conduct side by side analysis of two test results or to track trend analysis. The tools also allows you to export the graph data either to MS Excel or to a CSV file. You can view the ASP.NET profiler report to conduct further analysis as well. View Data and Diagnostic Attachments opens the Choose Diagnostic Data Adapter Attachment dialog box to select an adapter to analyse the result type. For example, you can select an IntelliTrace adapter, click OK and open the IntelliTrace summary for the test agent that was used in the load test.   Compare results This creates a set of reports that compares the data from two load test results using tables and bar charts. I have taken these screen shots from the MSDN documentation, I would highly recommend exploring the wealth of knowledge available on MSDN. Leaving Thoughts While load testing the application with an excessive load for a longer duration of time, i managed to bring the IIS to its knees by piling up a huge queue of requests waiting to be processed. This clearly means that the IIS had run out of threads as all the threads were busy processing existing request, one easy way of fixing this is by increasing the default number of allocated threads, but this might escalate the problem. The better suggestion is to try and drill down to the actual root cause of the problem. When ever the garbage collection runs it stops processing any pages so all requests that come in during that period are queued up, but realistically the garbage collection completes in fraction of a a second. To understand this better lets look at the .net heap, it is divided into large heap and small heap, anything greater than 85kB in size will be allocated to the Large object heap, the Large object heap is non compacting and remember large objects are expensive to move around, so if you are allocating something in the large object heap, make sure that you really need it! The small object heap on the other hand is divided into generations, so all objects that are supposed to be short-lived are suppose to live in Gen-0 and the long living objects eventually move to Gen-2 as garbage collection goes through.  As you can see in the picture below all < 85 KB size objects are first assigned to Gen-0, when Gen-0 fills up and a new object comes in and finds Gen-0 full, the garbage collection process is started, the process checks for all the dead objects and assigns them as the valid candidate for deletion to free up memory and promotes all the remaining objects in Gen-0 to Gen-1. So in the future when ever you clean up Gen-1 you have to clean up Gen-0 as well. When you fill up Gen – 0 again, all of Gen – 1 dead objects are drenched and rest are moved to Gen-2 and Gen-0 objects are moved to Gen-1 to free up Gen-0, but by this time your Garbage collection process has started to take much more time than it usually takes. Now as I mentioned earlier when garbage collection is being run all page requests that come in during that period are queued up. Does this explain why possibly page requests are getting queued up, apart from this it could also be the case that you are waiting for a long running database process to complete.      Lets explore the heap a bit more… What is really a case of crisis is when the objects are living long enough to make it to Gen-2 and then dying, this is definitely a high cost operation. But sometimes you need objects in memory, for example when you cache data you hold on to the objects because you need to use them right across the user session, which is acceptable. But if you wanted to see what extreme caching can do to your server then write a simple application that chucks in a lot of data in cache, run a load test over it for about 10-15 minutes, forcing a lot of data in memory causing the heap to run out of memory. If you get to such a state where you start running out of memory the IIS as a mode of recovery restarts the worker process. It is great way to free up all your memory in the heap but this would clear the cache. The problem with this is if the customer had 10 items in their shopping basket and that data was stored in the application cache, the user basket will now be empty forcing them either to get frustrated and go to a competitor website or if the customer is really patient, give it another try! How can you address this, well two ways of addressing this; 1. Workaround – A x86 bit processor only allows a maximum of 4GB of RAM, this means the machine effectively has around 3.4 GB of RAM available, the OS needs about 1.5 GB of RAM to run efficiently, the IIS and .net framework also need their share of memory, leaving you a heap of around 800 MB to play with. Because Team builds by default build your application in ‘Compile as any mode’ it means the application is build such that it will run in x86 bit mode if run on a x86 bit processor and run in a x64 bit mode if run on a x64 but processor. The problem with this is not all applications are really x64 bit compatible specially if you are using com objects or external libraries. So, as a quick win if you compiled your application in x86 bit mode by changing the compile as any selection to compile as x86 in the team build, you will be able to run your application on a x64 bit machine in x86 bit mode (WOW – By running Windows on Windows) and what that means is, you could use 8GB+ worth of RAM, if you take away everything else your application will roughly get a heap size of at least 4 GB to play with, which is immense. If you need a heap size of more than 4 GB you have either build a software for NASA or there is something fundamentally wrong in your application. 2. Solution – Now that you have put a workaround in place the IIS will not restart the worker process that regularly, which means you can take a breather and start working to get to the root cause of this memory leak. But this begs a question “How do I Identify possible memory leaks in my application?” Well i won’t say that there is one single tool that can tell you where the memory leak is, but trust me, ‘Performance Profiling’ is a great start point, it definitely gets you started in the right direction, let’s have a look at how. Performance Wizard - Start the Performance Wizard and select Instrumentation, this lets you measure function call counts and timings. Before running the performance session right click the performance session settings and chose properties from the context menu to bring up the Performance session properties page and as shown in the screen shot below, check the check boxes in the group ‘.NET memory profiling collection’ namely ‘Collect .NET object allocation information’ and ‘Also collect the .NET Object lifetime information’.    Now if you fire off the profiling session on your pages you will notice that the results allows you to view ‘Object Lifetime’ which shows you the number of objects that made it to Gen-0, Gen-1, Gen-2, Large heap, etc. Another great feature about the profile is that if your application has > 5% cases where objects die right after making to the Gen-2 storage a threshold alert is generated to alert you. Since you have the option to also view the most expensive methods and by capturing the IntelliTrace data you can drill in to narrow down to the line of code that is the root cause of the problem. Well now that we have seen how crucial memory management is and how easy Visual Studio Ultimate 2010 makes it for us to identify and reproduce the problem with the best of breed tools in the product. Caching One of the main ways to improve performance is Caching. Which basically means you tell the web server that instead of going to the database for each request you keep the data in the webserver and when the user asks for it you serve it from the webserver itself. BUT that can have consequences! Let’s look at some code, trust me caching code is not very intuitive, I define a cache key for almost all searches made through the common search page and cache the results. The approach works fine, first time i get the data from the database and second time data is served from the cache, significant performance improvement, EXCEPT when two users try to do the same operation and run into each other. But it is easy to handle this by adding the lock as you can see in the snippet below. So, as long as a user comes in and finds that the cache is empty, the user locks and starts to get the cache no more concurrency issues. But lets say you are processing 10 requests per second, by the time i have locked the operation to get the results from the database, 9 other users came in and found that the cache key is null so after i have come out and populated the cache they will still go in to get the results again. The application will still be faster because the next set of 10 users and so on would continue to get data from the cache. BUT if we added another null check after locking to build the cache and before actual call to the db then the 9 users who follow me would not make the extra trip to the database at all and that would really increase the performance, but didn’t i say that the code won’t be very intuitive, may be you should leave a comment you don’t want another developer to come in and think what a fresher why is he checking for the cache key null twice !!! The downside of caching is, you are storing the data outside of the database and the data could be wrong because the updates applied to the database would make the data cached at the web server out of sync. So, how do you invalidate the cache? Well if you only had one way of updating the data lets say only one entry point to the data update you can write some logic to say that every time new data is entered set the cache object to null. But this approach will not work as soon as you have several ways of feeding data to the system or your system is scaled out across a farm of web servers. The perfect solution to this is Micro Caching which means you cache the query for a set time duration and invalidate the cache after that set duration. The advantage is every time the user queries for that data with in the time span for which you have cached the results there are no calls made to the database and the data is served right from the server which makes the response immensely quick. Now figuring out the appropriate time span for which you micro cache the query results really depends on the application. Lets say your website gets 10 requests per second, if you retain the cache results for even 1 minute you will have immense performance gains. You would reduce 90% hits to the database for searching. Ever wondered why when you go to e-bookers.com or xpedia.com or yatra.com to book a flight and you click on the book button because the fare seems too exciting and you get an error message telling you that the fare is not valid any more. Yes, exactly => That is a cache failure! These travel sites or price compare engines are not going to hit the database every time you hit the compare button instead the results will be served from the cache, because the query results are micro cached, its a perfect trade-off, by micro caching the results the site gains 100% performance benefits but every once in a while annoys a customer because the fare has expired. But the trade off works in the favour of these sites as they are still able to process up to 30+ page requests per second which means cater to the site traffic by may be losing 1 customer every once in a while to a competitor who is also using a similar caching technique what are the odds that the user will not come back to their site sooner or later? Recap   Resources Below are some Key resource you might like to review. I would highly recommend the documentation, walkthroughs and videos available on MSDN. You can always make use of Fiddler to debug Web Performance Tests. Some community test extensions and plug ins available on Codeplex might also be of interest to you. The Road Ahead Thank you for taking the time out and reading this blog post, you may also want to read Part I and Part II if you haven’t so far. If you enjoyed the post, remember to subscribe to http://feeds.feedburner.com/TarunArora. Questions/Feedback/Suggestions, etc please leave a comment. Next ‘Load Testing in the cloud’, I’ll be working on exploring the possibilities of running Test controller/Agents in the Cloud. See you on the other side! Thank You!   Share this post : CodeProject

  Read the article

• Sell good Dumps, track 1&2, CVV, Paypal, WU TRANSFER Service

  - by gOOD dUMPS cvv

  my products for sale: Sell CVV; Dumps, track1&2; Bank logins; Paypal Accounts;Ebay Accounts Mailpass; SMTP;RDP;VPS;CCN;SSN; Sell Amazon gift card & itunes gift card; Game Cards, ATM Card; MSR, ATM SKIMMERS. Do WU Transfers and Bank Transfers I am here to sell, supply good and quality CVV for shipping;booking airline ticket;shopping online;ordering Laptop,Iphone;... In last 5 years my Job Is This. PRESTIGE is my first motto. Not easy to build the good PRESTIGE. My motto is Always make customers satisfied & happy ! I have unlocked many softwares make good money, example: -Software to make the bug and crack MTCN of the Western Union. Version : 2.0.1.1 ( new update ) -Software to open balance in PayPal and Bank Login -Software hacking credit card, debit card Version 1.0 **I only sell it for my good customers, and my familiarity ***I update more than 200 CC + CVV everyday. Fresh + good valid + Strong,private + high balance with best price Our products are checked by a partner who works in a bank. Our products are better than 5-7 days after they are dead. They are raised mainly for money atm. Can be used in most countries. ** If you are a serious buyer, let contact via : Yahoo ID: goodcvv_dumps Mail: [email protected] ICQ: 667686221 * Sell CVV; Dumps,track1&2; Bank logins; Paypal Accounts;Ebay Accounts Mailpass; SMTP;RDP;VPS;CCN;SSN; Sell Amazon gift card & itunes gift card; Game Cards, ATM Card; MSR, ATM SKIMMERS. Do WU Transfer and Bank Transfers. CVV for shipping;booking airline ticket;shopping online;ordering Laptop,Iphone;... I promise CC of mine are good,high balance and fresh all with good price. PRESTIGE is my first motto. I sure u will be happy All I need is good & serious buyer to business for a long time * SELL GOOD CVV for shipping;booking airline ticket;shopping online;ordering Laptop,Iphone;...!IF NOT GOOD, WILL CHANGE IMMEDIATELY * Contact me to negotiate about the price if buying bulk. I really need more serious buyers to do long business. You will be given many endow when we have long time business,you do good for me, I do good for u too. Long & good business.This is all I need :) - US (vis,mas)= $3/CC; US (amex,dis)= $5/CC; US BIN; US fullz; USA Visa VBV info for sale. - UK (vis,mas)= $8/CC; UK (amex,dis)= $20/CC; UK BIN; UK DOB; UK with Postcode; UK fullz; UK pass VBV - EU (vis,mas)= $20/CC; EU Amex = $30/CC; EU DOB; EU fullz; EU pass VBV. Include: Italy CVV; Spain CVV; France CVV; Sweden CVV; Denmark CVV; Slovakia CVV; Portugal CVV; Norway CVV; Belgium CVV Greece CVV; Germany CVV; Ireland CVV; Newzealand CVV; Switzerland CVV; Finland CVV; Turkey CVV; Netherland CVV - CA (vis,mas)= $8/CC; CA BIN; CA GOLD; CA Amex; CA Fullz; CA pass VBV - AU (vis,mas)= $10/CC; AU BIN; AU Amex; AU DOB; AU fullz; AU pass VBV - Brazil random = $15/CC; Brazil BIN - Middle East: UAE = $15/CC; Qatar= $10/CC; Saudi Arabia;... - ASIA ( Malay; Indo; Japan;China; Hongkong; Singapore...) = $10/CC - South Africa = $10/CC - And All CC; CC pass VBV; CVV pass VBV; CCN SSN- INTER ( BIN,DOB,SSN,FULLZ) of another Countries. Good CC, CVV for shipping;booking airline ticket;shopping online;ordering Laptop,Iphone;... [Sell CVV; Dumps, track1&2; Bank logins; Paypal Accounts;Ebay Accounts Mailpass; SMTP;RDP;VPS;CCN;SSN; Sell Amazon gift card & itunes gift card; Game Cards, ATM Card; MSR, ATM SKIMMERS. Do WU Transfer and Bank Transfers] [Sell CVV; Dumps, track1&2; Bank logins; Paypal Accounts;Ebay Accounts Mailpass; SMTP;RDP;VPS;CCN;SSN; Sell Amazon gift card & itunes gift card; Game Cards, ATM Card; MSR, ATM SKIMMERS. Do WU Transfers and Bank Transfers] ------------------------------ CONTACT via Y!H: goodcvv_dumps or ICQ: 667686221 or Mail: [email protected] ------------------------------------ * WARNING!!! BEFORE MAKE BUSINESS or add my ID, let read carefull my rule because i really hate Spammers,Rippers and Scammers - Dont trust, dont talk more - Don't Spamm And Don't Scam! I very hate do spam or rip and I don't want who spam me. - All my CVV are tested before sell, that's sure - I accept LR; WU or MoneyGram. - I only work with reliable buyers. Need good & serious buyer to business for a long time - I work with only one slogan: prestige and quality to satisfy my clients !!! - I was so happy to see you actually make more big money from the business with me Once you trust me, work with me. And if not trust,dont contact me, dont waste time! --------------------------THANKS, LOOK FORWARD TO WORKING WITH ALL of YOU !!!---------------------------- * Sell CVV; Dumps, track1&2; Bank logins; Paypal Accounts,Ebay Accounts; Mailpass; SMTP;RDP;VPS;CCN;SSN; Sell Amazon gift card & itunes gift card; Game Cards, ATM Card; MSR, ATM SKIMMERS. Do WU Transfers and Bank Transfers. CVV for shipping;booking airline ticket;shopping online;ordering Laptop,Iphone;... [Sell CVV; Dumps, track1&2; Bank logins; Paypal Accounts,Ebay Accounts; Mailpass; SMTP;RDP;VPS;CCN;SSN; Sell Amazon gift card & itunes gift card; Game Cards, ATM Card; MSR, ATM SKIMMERS. Do WU Transfers and Bank Transfers] * Contact via Y!H: goodcvv_dumps or ICQ: 667686221. Mail: [email protected] ===================== WESTERN UNION TRANSFER SERVICE ======================= We are Very PROFESSIONAL in WESTION UNION. Our Special Job Is this We Have big Western Union Service for everywhere and every when for you. We transfer money to all country in world. We can transfer big amount. And you can receive this money from your country. Our service accept payment 15% of transfer amount for small transfer . And 10% of big transfer. For large transfer . We make is very safe. And this service is very fast. We start to run software to make transfer to your WU info very fast,without delay and immediately. We give you MTCN and sender info and all cashout info, 15 mins after your payment complete. CONTACT US via Y!H: goodcvv_dumps or ICQ: 667686221 or Mail: [email protected] to know more info, price list of WU TRANSFER SERVICE ====================== Verified Paypal Accounts for sale ======================== If u are interested in it, contact me to know the price list & have the Tips for using above accounts safely,not be suspended when using accounts. I will not responsible if you get suspended. ===================== Dumps, Track1&2 with PIN & without PIN for ATM Cashout ======================= - Tracks 1&2 US;Tracks 1&2 UK;Tracks 1&2 CA,AU; Tracks 1&2 EU, with PIN and without PIN. - Dumps US; Dumps CA; Dumps EU; Dumps ASIA; Dumps AU, Brazil with good quality & price. Update Types of Dumps having now: Mix; Debit Classic; MC Standard;MC World; Gold; Platinum; Business/Corporate; Purchasing/Signature; Infinite - Contact me via Y!H: goodcvv_dumps (ICQ: 667686221) to know more info & price list of dumps, tracks ! ======================== Bank Logins Account (US UK CA AU EU) ======================== Sell Bank acc: Bank BOA, Bank HSBC USA, HSBC UK, Chase,Washovia, Halifax, Barclays, Abbey,... I make sure that my BANK LOGIN are security & easily to use. If u are interested in this, contact me to know more info about balance, price list,...! ================= Top-up Prepaid Cards, Debit Cards ========================= - If you hold any prepaid cards, debit cards, any country or any company. - I can top you funds into your prepaid cards, debit cards or any virtual cards. - top up your debit cards with hacked credit cards - top up your prepaid card with bank account login - top up you card with paypal account or any other - Have all tools to top your cards account - Top up does not take more then 10 minutes - Payoneer Cards top up available at cheap ================= Service: Provide Ebay - Apple - Amazon - Itunes GIFT CARD & Game Card with best price ===================== Contact me to negotiate about the price if buying bulk - PlayStation® Network Card - Xbox LIVE 12 Month Gold Membership = 30$ Xbox LIVE 4000 Microsoft Points = 30$ Zynga $50 Game Card (World Wide) = 30$ Ultimate game card 50$ = 30$ Ultimate game card 20$ = 10$ Key Diablo 3 = 25$ ITUNES GIFT CARD AMAZON GIFT CARD Ebay gift card Visa gift card ---------------- Our products are checked by a partner who works in a bank -------------------- Our products are better than 5-7 days after they are dead. They are raised mainly for money atm. Can be used in most countries. ---------------- Contact Via Y!H: goodcvv_dumps or ICQ: 667686221. Mail: [email protected] ------------------------ Need good & serious buyer to business for a long time [Sell CVV, Dumps,track1&2; Bank logins; Paypal Accounts;Ebay Accounts; Mailpass; SMTP;RDP;VPS;CCN;SSN; Sell Amazon gift card & itunes gift card; Game Card, ATM Card, MSR, ATM SKIMMERS. Do WU Transfer and Bank Transfers....Contact via Y!H: goodcvv_dumps or ICQ: 667686221. Mail: [email protected]] [Sell CVV, Dumps,track1&2; Bank logins; Paypal Accounts;Ebay Accounts; Mailpass; SMTP;RDP;VPS;CCN;SSN; Sell Amazon gift card & itunes gift card; Game Card, ATM Card, MSR, ATM SKIMMERS. Do WU Transfer and Bank Transfers....Contact via Y!H: goodcvv_dumps or ICQ: 667686221. Mail: [email protected]] [Sell CVV, Dumps,track1&2; Bank logins; Paypal Accounts;Ebay Accounts; Mailpass; SMTP;RDP;VPS;CCN;SSN; Sell Amazon gift card & itunes gift card; Game Card, ATM Card, MSR, ATM SKIMMERS. Do WU Transfer and Bank Transfers....Contact via Y!H: goodcvv_dumps or ICQ: 667686221. Mail: [email protected]] [Sell CVV, Dumps,track1&2; Bank logins; Paypal Accounts;Ebay Accounts; Mailpass; SMTP;RDP;VPS;CCN;SSN; Sell Amazon gift card & itunes gift card; Game Card, ATM Card, MSR, ATM SKIMMERS. Do WU Transfer and Bank Transfers....Contact via Y!H: goodcvv_dumps or ICQ: 667686221. Mail: [email protected]] [Sell CVV, Dumps,track1&2; Bank logins; Paypal Accounts;Ebay Accounts; Mailpass; SMTP;RDP;VPS;CCN;SSN; Sell Amazon gift card & itunes gift card; Game Card, ATM Card, MSR, ATM SKIMMERS. Do WU Transfer and Bank Transfers....Contact via Y!H: goodcvv_dumps or ICQ: 667686221. Mail: [email protected]]

  Read the article

• Sell good CVV, Dumps track 1&2, Paypal, WU TRANSFER

  - by Good Dumps CVV for sale

  My products for sale: Sell CVV; Dumps, track1&2; Bank logins; Paypal Accounts;Ebay Accounts Mailpass; SMTP;RDP;VPS;CCN;SSN; Sell Amazon gift card & itunes gift card; Game Cards, ATM Card; MSR, ATM SKIMMERS. Do WU Transfers and Bank Transfers I am here to sell, supply good and quality CVV for shipping;booking airline ticket;shopping online;ordering Laptop,Iphone;... In last 5 years my Job Is This. PRESTIGE is my first motto. Not easy to build the good PRESTIGE. My motto is Always make customers satisfied & happy ! I have unlocked many softwares make good money, example: -Software to make the bug and crack MTCN of the Western Union. Version : 2.0.1.1 ( new update ) -Software to open balance in PayPal and Bank Login -Software hacking credit card, debit card Version 1.0 **I only sell it for my good customers, and my familiarity ***I update more than 200 CC + CVV everyday. Fresh + good valid + Strong,private + high balance with best price Our products are checked by a partner who works in a bank. Our products are better than 5-7 days after they are dead. They are raised mainly for money atm. Can be used in most countries. ** If you are a serious buyer, let contact via : Yahoo ID: goodcvv_dumps Mail: [email protected] ICQ: 667686221 * Sell CVV; Dumps,track1&2; Bank logins; Paypal Accounts;Ebay Accounts Mailpass; SMTP;RDP;VPS;CCN;SSN; Sell Amazon gift card & itunes gift card; Game Cards, ATM Card; MSR, ATM SKIMMERS. Do WU Transfer and Bank Transfers. CVV for shipping;booking airline ticket;shopping online;ordering Laptop,Iphone;... I promise CC of mine are good,high balance and fresh all with good price. PRESTIGE is my first motto. I sure u will be happy All I need is good & serious buyer to business for a long time * SELL GOOD CVV for shipping;booking airline ticket;shopping online;ordering Laptop,Iphone;...!IF NOT GOOD, WILL CHANGE IMMEDIATELY * Contact me to negotiate about the price if buying bulk. I really need more serious buyers to do long business. You will be given many endow when we have long time business,you do good for me, I do good for u too. Long & good business.This is all I need :) - US (vis,mas)= $3/CC; US (amex,dis)= $5/CC; US BIN; US fullz; USA Visa VBV info for sale. - UK (vis,mas)= $8/CC; UK (amex,dis)= $20/CC; UK BIN; UK DOB; UK with Postcode; UK fullz; UK pass VBV - EU (vis,mas)= $20/CC; EU Amex = $30/CC; EU DOB; EU fullz; EU pass VBV. Include: Italy CVV; Spain CVV; France CVV; Sweden CVV; Denmark CVV; Slovakia CVV; Portugal CVV; Norway CVV; Belgium CVV Greece CVV; Germany CVV; Ireland CVV; Newzealand CVV; Switzerland CVV; Finland CVV; Turkey CVV; Netherland CVV - CA (vis,mas)= $8/CC; CA BIN; CA GOLD; CA Amex; CA Fullz; CA pass VBV - AU (vis,mas)= $10/CC; AU BIN; AU Amex; AU DOB; AU fullz; AU pass VBV - Brazil random = $15/CC; Brazil BIN - Middle East: UAE = $15/CC; Qatar= $10/CC; Saudi Arabia;... - ASIA ( Malay; Indo; Japan;China; Hongkong; Singapore...) = $10/CC - South Africa = $10/CC - And All CC; CC pass VBV; CVV pass VBV; CCN SSN- INTER ( BIN,DOB,SSN,FULLZ) of another Countries. Good CC, CVV for shipping;booking airline ticket;shopping online;ordering Laptop,Iphone;... [Sell CVV; Dumps, track1&2; Bank logins; Paypal Accounts;Ebay Accounts Mailpass; SMTP;RDP;VPS;CCN;SSN; Sell Amazon gift card & itunes gift card; Game Cards, ATM Card; MSR, ATM SKIMMERS. Do WU Transfer and Bank Transfers] [Sell CVV; Dumps, track1&2; Bank logins; Paypal Accounts;Ebay Accounts Mailpass; SMTP;RDP;VPS;CCN;SSN; Sell Amazon gift card & itunes gift card; Game Cards, ATM Card; MSR, ATM SKIMMERS. Do WU Transfers and Bank Transfers] ------------------------------ CONTACT via Y!H: goodcvv_dumps or ICQ: 667686221 or Mail: [email protected] ------------------------------------ * WARNING!!! BEFORE MAKE BUSINESS or add my ID, let read carefull my rule because i really hate Spammers,Rippers and Scammers - Dont trust, dont talk more - Don't Spamm And Don't Scam! I very hate do spam or rip and I don't want who spam me. - All my CVV are tested before sell, that's sure - I accept LR; WU or MoneyGram. - I only work with reliable buyers. Need good & serious buyer to business for a long time - I work with only one slogan: prestige and quality to satisfy my clients !!! - I was so happy to see you actually make more big money from the business with me Once you trust me, work with me. And if not trust,dont contact me, dont waste time! --------------------------THANKS, LOOK FORWARD TO WORKING WITH ALL of YOU !!!---------------------------- * Sell CVV; Dumps, track1&2; Bank logins; Paypal Accounts,Ebay Accounts; Mailpass; SMTP;RDP;VPS;CCN;SSN; Sell Amazon gift card & itunes gift card; Game Cards, ATM Card; MSR, ATM SKIMMERS. Do WU Transfers and Bank Transfers. CVV for shipping;booking airline ticket;shopping online;ordering Laptop,Iphone;... [Sell CVV; Dumps, track1&2; Bank logins; Paypal Accounts,Ebay Accounts; Mailpass; SMTP;RDP;VPS;CCN;SSN; Sell Amazon gift card & itunes gift card; Game Cards, ATM Card; MSR, ATM SKIMMERS. Do WU Transfers and Bank Transfers] * Contact via Y!H: goodcvv_dumps or ICQ: 667686221. Mail: [email protected] ===================== WESTERN UNION TRANSFER SERVICE ======================= We are Very PROFESSIONAL in WESTION UNION. Our Special Job Is this We Have big Western Union Service for everywhere and every when for you. We transfer money to all country in world. We can transfer big amount. And you can receive this money from your country. Our service accept payment 15% of transfer amount for small transfer . And 10% of big transfer. For large transfer . We make is very safe. And this service is very fast. We start to run software to make transfer to your WU info very fast,without delay and immediately. We give you MTCN and sender info and all cashout info, 15 mins after your payment complete. CONTACT US via Y!H: goodcvv_dumps or ICQ: 667686221 or Mail: [email protected] to know more info, price list of WU TRANSFER SERVICE ====================== Verified Paypal Accounts for sale ======================== If u are interested in it, contact me to know the price list & have the Tips for using above accounts safely,not be suspended when using accounts. I will not responsible if you get suspended. ===================== Dumps, Track1&2 with PIN & without PIN for ATM Cashout ======================= - Tracks 1&2 US;Tracks 1&2 UK;Tracks 1&2 CA,AU; Tracks 1&2 EU, with PIN and without PIN. - Dumps US; Dumps CA; Dumps EU; Dumps ASIA; Dumps AU, Brazil with good quality & price. Update Types of Dumps having now: Mix; Debit Classic; MC Standard;MC World; Gold; Platinum; Business/Corporate; Purchasing/Signature; Infinite - Contact me via Y!H: goodcvv_dumps (ICQ: 667686221) to know more info & price list of dumps, tracks ! ======================== Bank Logins Account (US UK CA AU EU) ======================== Sell Bank acc: Bank BOA, Bank HSBC USA, HSBC UK, Chase,Washovia, Halifax, Barclays, Abbey,... I make sure that my BANK LOGIN are security & easily to use. If u are interested in this, contact me to know more info about balance, price list,...! ================= Top-up Prepaid Cards, Debit Cards ========================= - If you hold any prepaid cards, debit cards, any country or any company. - I can top you funds into your prepaid cards, debit cards or any virtual cards. - top up your debit cards with hacked credit cards - top up your prepaid card with bank account login - top up you card with paypal account or any other - Have all tools to top your cards account - Top up does not take more then 10 minutes - Payoneer Cards top up available at cheap ================= Service: Provide Ebay - Apple - Amazon - Itunes GIFT CARD & Game Card with best price ===================== Contact me to negotiate about the price if buying bulk - PlayStation® Network Card - Xbox LIVE 12 Month Gold Membership = 30$ Xbox LIVE 4000 Microsoft Points = 30$ Zynga $50 Game Card (World Wide) = 30$ Ultimate game card 50$ = 30$ Ultimate game card 20$ = 10$ Key Diablo 3 = 25$ ITUNES GIFT CARD AMAZON GIFT CARD Ebay gift card Visa gift card ---------------- Our products are checked by a partner who works in a bank -------------------- Our products are better than 5-7 days after they are dead. They are raised mainly for money atm. Can be used in most countries. ---------------- Contact Via Y!H: goodcvv_dumps or ICQ: 667686221. Mail: [email protected] ------------------------ Need good & serious buyer to business for a long time [Sell CVV, Dumps,track1&2; Bank logins; Paypal Accounts;Ebay Accounts; Mailpass; SMTP;RDP;VPS;CCN;SSN; Sell Amazon gift card & itunes gift card; Game Card, ATM Card, MSR, ATM SKIMMERS. Do WU Transfer and Bank Transfers....Contact via Y!H: goodcvv_dumps or ICQ: 667686221. Mail: [email protected]] [Sell CVV, Dumps,track1&2; Bank logins; Paypal Accounts;Ebay Accounts; Mailpass; SMTP;RDP;VPS;CCN;SSN; Sell Amazon gift card & itunes gift card; Game Card, ATM Card, MSR, ATM SKIMMERS. Do WU Transfer and Bank Transfers....Contact via Y!H: goodcvv_dumps or ICQ: 667686221. Mail: [email protected]] [Sell CVV, Dumps,track1&2; Bank logins; Paypal Accounts;Ebay Accounts; Mailpass; SMTP;RDP;VPS;CCN;SSN; Sell Amazon gift card & itunes gift card; Game Card, ATM Card, MSR, ATM SKIMMERS. Do WU Transfer and Bank Transfers....Contact via Y!H: goodcvv_dumps or ICQ: 667686221. Mail: [email protected]] [Sell CVV, Dumps,track1&2; Bank logins; Paypal Accounts;Ebay Accounts; Mailpass; SMTP;RDP;VPS;CCN;SSN; Sell Amazon gift card & itunes gift card; Game Card, ATM Card, MSR, ATM SKIMMERS. Do WU Transfer and Bank Transfers....Contact via Y!H: goodcvv_dumps or ICQ: 667686221. Mail: [email protected]] [Sell CVV, Dumps,track1&2; Bank logins; Paypal Accounts;Ebay Accounts; Mailpass; SMTP;RDP;VPS;CCN;SSN; Sell Amazon gift card & itunes gift card; Game Card, ATM Card, MSR, ATM SKIMMERS. Do WU Transfer and Bank Transfers....Contact via Y!H: goodcvv_dumps or ICQ: 667686221. Mail: [email protected]]

  Read the article

• 64-bit Archives Needed

  - by user9154181

  A little over a year ago, we received a question from someone who was trying to build software on Solaris. He was getting errors from the ar command when creating an archive. At that time, the ar command on Solaris was a 32-bit command. There was more than 2GB of data, and the ar command was hitting the file size limit for a 32-bit process that doesn't use the largefile APIs. Even in 2011, 2GB is a very large amount of code, so we had not heard this one before. Most of our toolchain was extended to handle 64-bit sized data back in the 1990's, but archives were not changed, presumably because there was no perceived need for it. Since then of course, programs have continued to get larger, and in 2010, the time had finally come to investigate the issue and find a way to provide for larger archives. As part of that process, I had to do a deep dive into the archive format, and also do some Unix archeology. I'm going to record what I learned here, to document what Solaris does, and in the hope that it might help someone else trying to solve the same problem for their platform. Archive Format Details Archives are hardly cutting edge technology. They are still used of course, but their basic form hasn't changed in decades. Other than to fix a bug, which is rare, we don't tend to touch that code much. The archive file format is described in /usr/include/ar.h, and I won't repeat the details here. Instead, here is a rough overview of the archive file format, implemented by System V Release 4 (SVR4) Unix systems such as Solaris: Every archive starts with a "magic number". This is a sequence of 8 characters: "!<arch>\n". The magic number is followed by 1 or more members. A member starts with a fixed header, defined by the ar_hdr structure in/usr/include/ar.h. Immediately following the header comes the data for the member. Members must be padded at the end with newline characters so that they have even length. The requirement to pad members to an even length is a dead giveaway as to the age of the archive format. It tells you that this format dates from the 1970's, and more specifically from the era of 16-bit systems such as the PDP-11 that Unix was originally developed on. A 32-bit system would have required 4 bytes, and 64-bit systems such as we use today would probably have required 8 bytes. 2 byte alignment is a poor choice for ELF object archive members. 32-bit objects require 4 byte alignment, and 64-bit objects require 64-bit alignment. The link-editor uses mmap() to process archives, and if the members have the wrong alignment, we have to slide (copy) them to the correct alignment before we can access the ELF data structures inside. The archive format requires 2 byte padding, but it doesn't prohibit more. The Solaris ar command takes advantage of this, and pads ELF object members to 8 byte boundaries. Anything else is padded to 2 as required by the format. The archive header (ar_hdr) represents all numeric values using an ASCII text representation rather than as binary integers. This means that an archive that contains only text members can be viewed using tools such as cat, more, or a text editor. The original designers of this format clearly thought that archives would be used for many file types, and not just for objects. Things didn't turn out that way of course — nearly all archives contain relocatable objects for a single operating system and machine, and are used primarily as input to the link-editor (ld). Archives can have special members that are created by the ar command rather than being supplied by the user. These special members are all distinguished by having a name that starts with the slash (/) character. This is an unambiguous marker that says that the user could not have supplied it. The reason for this is that regular archive members are given the plain name of the file that was inserted to create them, and any path components are stripped off. Slash is the delimiter character used by Unix to separate path components, and as such cannot occur within a plain file name. The ar command hides the special members from you when you list the contents of an archive, so most users don't know that they exist. There are only two possible special members: A symbol table that maps ELF symbols to the object archive member that provides it, and a string table used to hold member names that exceed 15 characters. The '/' convention for tagging special members provides room for adding more such members should the need arise. As I will discuss below, we took advantage of this fact to add an alternate 64-bit symbol table special member which is used in archives that are larger than 4GB. When an archive contains ELF object members, the ar command builds a special archive member known as the symbol table that maps all ELF symbols in the object to the archive member that provides it. The link-editor uses this symbol table to determine which symbols are provided by the objects in that archive. If an archive has a symbol table, it will always be the first member in the archive, immediately following the magic number. Unlike member headers, symbol tables do use binary integers to represent offsets. These integers are always stored in big-endian format, even on a little endian host such as x86. The archive header (ar_hdr) provides 15 characters for representing the member name. If any member has a name that is longer than this, then the real name is written into a special archive member called the string table, and the member's name field instead contains a slash (/) character followed by a decimal representation of the offset of the real name within the string table. The string table is required to precede all normal archive members, so it will be the second member if the archive contains a symbol table, and the first member otherwise. The archive format is not designed to make finding a given member easy. Such operations move through the archive from front to back examining each member in turn, and run in O(n) time. This would be bad if archives were commonly used in that manner, but in general, they are not. Typically, the ar command is used to build an new archive from scratch, inserting all the objects in one operation, and then the link-editor accesses the members in the archive in constant time by using the offsets provided by the symbol table. Both of these operations are reasonably efficient. However, listing the contents of a large archive with the ar command can be rather slow. Factors That Limit Solaris Archive Size As is often the case, there was more than one limiting factor preventing Solaris archives from growing beyond the 32-bit limits of 2GB (32-bit signed) and 4GB (32-bit unsigned). These limits are listed in the order they are hit as archive size grows, so the earlier ones mask those that follow. The original Solaris archive file format can handle sizes up to 4GB without issue. However, the ar command was delivered as a 32-bit executable that did not use the largefile APIs. As such, the ar command itself could not create a file larger than 2GB. One can solve this by building ar with the largefile APIs which would allow it to reach 4GB, but a simpler and better answer is to deliver a 64-bit ar, which has the ability to scale well past 4GB. Symbol table offsets are stored as 32-bit big-endian binary integers, which limits the maximum archive size to 4GB. To get around this limit requires a different symbol table format, or an extension mechanism to the current one, similar in nature to the way member names longer than 15 characters are handled in member headers. The size field in the archive member header (ar_hdr) is an ASCII string capable of representing a 32-bit unsigned value. This places a 4GB size limit on the size of any individual member in an archive. In considering format extensions to get past these limits, it is important to remember that very few archives will require the ability to scale past 4GB for many years. The old format, while no beauty, continues to be sufficient for its purpose. This argues for a backward compatible fix that allows newer versions of Solaris to produce archives that are compatible with older versions of the system unless the size of the archive exceeds 4GB. Archive Format Differences Among Unix Variants While considering how to extend Solaris archives to scale to 64-bits, I wanted to know how similar archives from other Unix systems are to those produced by Solaris, and whether they had already solved the 64-bit issue. I've successfully moved archives between different Unix systems before with good luck, so I knew that there was some commonality. If it turned out that there was already a viable defacto standard for 64-bit archives, it would obviously be better to adopt that rather than invent something new. The archive file format is not formally standardized. However, the ar command and archive format were part of the original Unix from Bell Labs. Other systems started with that format, extending it in various often incompatible ways, but usually with the same common shared core. Most of these systems use the same magic number to identify their archives, despite the fact that their archives are not always fully compatible with each other. It is often true that archives can be copied between different Unix variants, and if the member names are short enough, the ar command from one system can often read archives produced on another. In practice, it is rare to find an archive containing anything other than objects for a single operating system and machine type. Such an archive is only of use on the type of system that created it, and is only used on that system. This is probably why cross platform compatibility of archives between Unix variants has never been an issue. Otherwise, the use of the same magic number in archives with incompatible formats would be a problem. I was able to find information for a number of Unix variants, described below. These can be divided roughly into three tribes, SVR4 Unix, BSD Unix, and IBM AIX. Solaris is a SVR4 Unix, and its archives are completely compatible with those from the other members of that group (GNU/Linux, HP-UX, and SGI IRIX). AIX AIX is an exception to rule that Unix archive formats are all based on the original Bell labs Unix format. It appears that AIX supports 2 formats (small and big), both of which differ in fundamental ways from other Unix systems: These formats use a different magic number than the standard one used by Solaris and other Unix variants. They include support for removing archive members from a file without reallocating the file, marking dead areas as unused, and reusing them when new archive items are inserted. They have a special table of contents member (File Member Header) which lets you find out everything that's in the archive without having to actually traverse the entire file. Their symbol table members are quite similar to those from other systems though. Their member headers are doubly linked, containing offsets to both the previous and next members. Of the Unix systems described here, AIX has the only format I saw that will have reasonable insert/delete performance for really large archives. Everyone else has O(n) performance, and are going to be slow to use with large archives. BSD BSD has gone through 4 versions of archive format, which are described in their manpage. They use the same member header as SVR4, but their symbol table format is different, and their scheme for long member names puts the name directly after the member header rather than into a string table. GNU/Linux The GNU toolchain uses the SVR4 format, and is compatible with Solaris. HP-UX HP-UX seems to follow the SVR4 model, and is compatible with Solaris. IRIX IRIX has 32 and 64-bit archives. The 32-bit format is the standard SVR4 format, and is compatible with Solaris. The 64-bit format is the same, except that the symbol table uses 64-bit integers. IRIX assumes that an archive contains objects of a single ELFCLASS/MACHINE, and any archive containing ELFCLASS64 objects receives a 64-bit symbol table. Although they only use it for 64-bit objects, nothing in the archive format limits it to ELFCLASS64. It would be perfectly valid to produce a 64-bit symbol table in an archive containing 32-bit objects, text files, or anything else. Tru64 Unix (Digital/Compaq/HP) Tru64 Unix uses a format much like ours, but their symbol table is a hash table, making specific symbol lookup much faster. The Solaris link-editor uses archives by examining the entire symbol table looking for unsatisfied symbols for the link, and not by looking up individual symbols, so there would be no benefit to Solaris from such a hash table. The Tru64 ld must use a different approach in which the hash table pays off for them. Widening the existing SVR4 archive symbol tables rather than inventing something new is the simplest path forward. There is ample precedent for this approach in the ELF world. When ELF was extended to support 64-bit objects, the approach was largely to take the existing data structures, and define 64-bit versions of them. We called the old set ELF32, and the new set ELF64. My guess is that there was no need to widen the archive format at that time, but had there been, it seems obvious that this is how it would have been done. The Implementation of 64-bit Solaris Archives As mentioned earlier, there was no desire to improve the fundamental nature of archives. They have always had O(n) insert/delete behavior, and for the most part it hasn't mattered. AIX made efforts to improve this, but those efforts did not find widespread adoption. For the purposes of link-editing, which is essentially the only thing that archives are used for, the existing format is adequate, and issues of backward compatibility trump the desire to do something technically better. Widening the existing symbol table format to 64-bits is therefore the obvious way to proceed. For Solaris 11, I implemented that, and I also updated the ar command so that a 64-bit version is run by default. This eliminates the 2 most significant limits to archive size, leaving only the limit on an individual archive member. We only generate a 64-bit symbol table if the archive exceeds 4GB, or when the new -S option to the ar command is used. This maximizes backward compatibility, as an archive produced by Solaris 11 is highly likely to be less than 4GB in size, and will therefore employ the same format understood by older versions of the system. The main reason for the existence of the -S option is to allow us to test the 64-bit format without having to construct huge archives to do so. I don't believe it will find much use outside of that. Other than the new ability to create and use extremely large archives, this change is largely invisible to the end user. When reading an archive, the ar command will transparently accept either form of symbol table. Similarly, the ELF library (libelf) has been updated to understand either format. Users of libelf (such as the link-editor ld) do not need to be modified to use the new format, because these changes are encapsulated behind the existing functions provided by libelf. As mentioned above, this work did not lift the limit on the maximum size of an individual archive member. That limit remains fixed at 4GB for now. This is not because we think objects will never get that large, for the history of computing says otherwise. Rather, this is based on an estimation that single relocatable objects of that size will not appear for a decade or two. A lot can change in that time, and it is better not to overengineer things by writing code that will sit and rot for years without being used. It is not too soon however to have a plan for that eventuality. When the time comes when this limit needs to be lifted, I believe that there is a simple solution that is consistent with the existing format. The archive member header size field is an ASCII string, like the name, and as such, the overflow scheme used for long names can also be used to handle the size. The size string would be placed into the archive string table, and its offset in the string table would then be written into the archive header size field using the same format "/ddd" used for overflowed names.

  Read the article

• ipad - UIActionSheet inside a UIPopOverController... popover not dismissing...

  - by Mike

  I have a UIActionSheet inside a UIPopOverController. This is working almost perfectly but the popover won't dismiss if I click on the area outside. Can you guys imagine any reason why this is happening? thanks.

  Read the article

• What are the maven-2 best practices

  - by c0mrade

  Hello everyone, Maven is very impressive tool, I've used it for few weeks now and almost every day I learn something new about maven. What do you think are the best practices? I found this relevant on the google http://www.sonatype.com/people/2009/01/maven-continuous-integration-best-practices/ , others are not relevant at all, and maven apache documentation is not good organized so its hard to pick up on things if you don't know what you are looking for. Any suggestions ?

  Read the article

< Previous Page | 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86  | Next Page >