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  • IP queue buffer

    - by summerbulb
    I seem to have an issue with IP queue. I have a linux machine that I am using to run some experiments. The linux machine is configured to be a router, having two NICs, connecting two other computers, and managing their network traffic. All incoming packages are captured, using iptables, and analyzed by a C application. The application analyzing the packets has a built-in delay, as part of the experiment. So I have one very fast computer sending packets through my linux-router and a (relatively) slow linux-router that analyses and deals with the packets, one by one. This situation leads to the fact that when I fire up a sender application on one of the computers connected to the linux-router, my IP queue on the linux-router gets filled up (almost) instantaneously. The IP queue's max length is currently set to 1024, and if it overflows, the packets are dropped. This is expected and i'm OK with it. But, (and this is where it gets interesting), every now and then I get the following error: "Failed to receive netlink message: No buffer space available" At start, I thought this was due to the IP queue overflow, but after some analysis i found that sometimes I get the error even if the IP queue buffer did not overflow, and sometime I DON'T get the message even though the buffer DID overflow. When I run > cat /proc/net/ip_queue, I get the following table (also used to monitor the IP queue overflow): Peer PID : 27389 Copy mode : 2 Copy range : 65535 Queue length : 0 Queue max. length : 1024 Queue dropped : 1166875 Netlink dropped : 2916 Looking at the last two values, Queue dropped seems to refer to packets that did not manage to get into the IP queue because the buffer was full. I can see this value rise as I bombard the linux-router. Netlink dropped ( as it's name implies :) ) seems to have to do with the error i'm getting. I did my best to search for material on this error, but wasn't able to find anything that seemed to point me in the required direction. Bottom line: Why am I getting this error and what can I do to avoid it?

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  • Why is it necessary to chmod o+r parent directory to fix 403 access forbidden error with Nginx and P

    - by davenolan
    This may be an Nginx wrinkle, or it may be because I don't understand Unix permissions. We're using Hudson CI to deploy our staging instance. So RAILS_ROOT is /var/lib/hudson/jobs/JOBNAME/workspace. Hudson runs as hudson user Nginx runs as www-data user hudson and nginx are both members of the www group root of my nginx conf points to RAILS_ROOT/public as per normal. RAILS_ROOT/config/environment.rb is owned by www-data (so Passenger runs as www-data) RAILS_ROOT and everything in it is owned by the www group and group has r/w/x permissions As it stood, Nginx threw 403 permission denied when requesting any url. error.log contained entries like this: public/index.html" is forbidden (13: Permission denied). These did not fix the or change the error (each with a stop/start of Ngnix): chmod 777 -R RAILS_ROOT chgrp www -R /var/lib/hudson I also tried Nginx as root, and passenger complained that it could not find config/environment (despite the path displayed on the error page being correct). The fix was to ensure everybody has read permissions on each directory in the heirachy. In this case chmod o+r /var/lib/hudson. But if the group has read permissions on the directory, and nginx is a member of the owner group of the directory, why was it necessary to allow everyone read permissions? Is there something have not grokked about permissions? $nginx -V nginx version: nginx/0.7.61 built by gcc 4.4.1 (Ubuntu 4.4.1-4ubuntu8) configure arguments: --prefix=/opt/nginx --add-module=/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-2.2.5/ext/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=~/src/pcre-8.00/ --with-http_stub_status_module $cat /etc/lsb-release DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=9.10 DISTRIB_CODENAME=karmic DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 9.10"

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  • Postfix message ID originating process?

    - by Anders Braüner Nielsen
    Last night my postfix mail server(Debian Squeeze with dovecot, roundcube, opendkim and spamassassin enabled) started sending out spam from a single domain of mine like these: $cat mail.log|grep D6930B76EA9 Jul 31 23:50:09 myserver postfix/pickup[28675]: D6930B76EA9: uid=65534 from=<[email protected]> Jul 31 23:50:09 myserver postfix/cleanup[27889]: D6930B76EA9: message-id=<[email protected]> Jul 31 23:50:09 myserver postfix/qmgr[7018]: D6930B76EA9: from=<[email protected]>, size=957, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 31 23:50:09 myserver postfix/error[7819]: D6930B76EA9: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=0.03, delays=0.02/0/0/0, dsn=4.4.2, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: lost connection with mta5.am0.yahoodns.net[66.196.118.33] while sending RCPT TO) The domain in question did not have any accounts enabled but only a catchall alias set through postfixadmin - most emails were send from a specific address I use frequently but some were also sent from bogus addresses. None of the other virtual domains handled by postfix were affected. How can I find out what process was feeding postfix/sendmail or more info on where they originated? As far as I can tell php mail() wasn't used and I've run several open relay tests. I did a little tinkering(removed winbind from the server and ipv6 addresses from main.cf) after the attack and it seems to have subsided but I still have no idea how my server was suddenly sending out spam. Maybe I fixed it - maybe I didn't. Can anyone help figuring out how I was compromised? Anywhere else I should look? I've run Linux Malware Detect on recently changed files but nothing found.

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  • Backup script to FTP with timed subfolders

    - by Frederik Nielsen
    I want to make a backup script, that makes a .tar.gz of a folder I define, say fx /root/tekkit/world This .tar.gz file should then be uploaded to a FTP server, named by the time it was uploaded, for example: 07-10-2012-13-00.tar.gz How should such backup script be written? I already figured out the .tar.gz part - just need the naming and the uploading to FTP. I know that FTP is not the most secure way to do it, but as it is non-sensitive data, and FTP is the only option I have, it will do. Edit: I ended up with this script: #!/bin/bash # have some path predefined for backup unless one is provided as first argument BACKUP_DIR="/root/tekkit/world/" TMP_DIR="/tmp/tekkitbackup/" FINISH_DIR="/tmp/tekkitfinished/" # construct name for our archive TIME=$(date +%d-%m-%Y-%H-%M) if [ $1 ]; then BACKUP_DIR="$1" fi echo "Backing up dir ... $BACKUP_DIR" mkdir $TMP_DIR cp -R $BACKUP_DIR $TMP_DIR cd $FINISH_DIR tar czvfp tekkit-$TIME.tar.gz -C $TMP_DIR . # create upload script for lftp cat <<EOF> lftp.upload.script open server user user password lcd $FINISH_DIR mput tekkit-$TIME.tar.gz exit EOF # start backup using lftp and script we created; if all went well print simple message and clean up lftp -f lftp.upload.script && ( echo Upload successfull ; rm lftp.upload.script )

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  • How to test/debug bad network wiring?

    - by Jack Lloyd
    I recently bought a place already wired with Cat 5E (8 ports, leading to a central closet). However attempting to get link, nothing works. On closer examination, it was obvious that the ends in the closet were wired backwards (brown on pin 1, etc). The jacks that I've pulled out of the wall do look to be correctly done. However, testing with a network cable tester shows zero link between any of the jacks and any of the ports in the closet - I had expected to just see a 1/8, 2/7, ... 8/1 mismatch, but instead get nothing at all. The runs are accessible and look neat, though they take some bends that seem quite sharp and are in some cases much longer than they need to be (the person who put this in was a professional electrician but I suspect this was the first time he ran network cabling). My best guess at this point is that he either bought bad cable, or put so much tension on it that he snapped wires. Though it seems surprising/unlikely that I wouldn't get at least one active wire on one of the 8 lines. So, my question: is there anything else I should try or test before I go ripping out everything and running new cable?

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  • How to re-add a RAID-10 failed drive on Ubuntu?

    - by thiesdiggity
    I have a problem that I can't seem to solve. We have a Ubuntu server setup with RAID-10 and two of the drives dropped out of the array. When I try to re-add them using the following command: mdadm --manage --re-add /dev/md2 /dev/sdc1 I get the following error message: mdadm: Cannot open /dev/sdc1: Device or resource busy When I do a "cat /proc/mdstat" I get the following: Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [r$ md2 : active raid10 sdb1[0] sdd1[3] 1953519872 blocks 64K chunks 2 near-copies [4/2] [U__U] md1 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdc2[1] 468853696 blocks [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdc1[1] 19530688 blocks [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> When I run "/sbin/mdadm --detail /dev/md2" I get the following: /dev/md2: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Mon Sep 5 23:41:13 2011 Raid Level : raid10 Array Size : 1953519872 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB) Used Dev Size : 976759936 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Thu Oct 25 09:25:08 2012 State : active, degraded Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : near=2, far=1 Chunk Size : 64K UUID : c6d87d27:aeefcb2e:d4453e2e:0b7266cb Events : 0.6688691 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1 1 0 0 1 removed 2 0 0 2 removed 3 8 49 3 active sync /dev/sdd1 Output of df -h is: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/md1 441G 2.0G 416G 1% / none 32G 236K 32G 1% /dev tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm none 32G 112K 32G 1% /var/run none 32G 0 32G 0% /var/lock none 32G 0 32G 0% /lib/init/rw tmpfs 64G 215M 63G 1% /mnt/vmware none 441G 2.0G 416G 1% /var/lib/ureadahead/debugfs /dev/mapper/RAID10VG-RAID10LV 1.8T 139G 1.6T 8% /mnt/RAID10 When I do a "fdisk -l" I can see all the drives needed for the RAID-10. The RAID-10 is part of the /dev/mapper, could that be the reason why the device is coming back as busy? Anyone have any suggestions on what I can try to get the drives back into the array? Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!

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  • unable to recover data from failed hdd

    - by Eslam Elyamany
    my hdd failing (or maybe totally dead) i've connected the hdd via USB but it doesn't appear in fdisk Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0xe9fb38fb Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 206847 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 206848 40959999 20376576 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 40962046 976771071 467904513 5 Extended Partition 4 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/sda5 82913280 86910975 1998848 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 86913024 394113023 153600000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda7 40962048 82913279 20975616 83 Linux /dev/sda8 394122708 976768064 291322678+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT Partition 8 does not start on physical sector boundary. no sdc appears here , BUT it's appears on /dev/ rootghost-lap:/home/ghost# ls /dev/sd* /dev/sda /dev/sda2 /dev/sda5 /dev/sda8 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdc6 /dev/sdc8 /dev/sda1 /dev/sda4 /dev/sda6 /dev/sda9 /dev/sdc /dev/sdc10 /dev/sdc5 /dev/sdc7 /dev/sdc9 also it appears in proc Code: rootghost-lap:/home/ghost# cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 488386584 sda 8 1 102400 sda1 8 2 20376576 sda2 8 4 1 sda4 8 5 1998848 sda5 8 6 153600000 sda6 8 8 291322678 sda8 8 9 20975616 sda9 11 0 1048575 sr0 11 1 99136 sr1 8 32 244198583 sdc 8 33 14651248 sdc1 8 34 1 sdc2 8 37 15380480 sdc5 8 38 4153344 sdc6 8 39 48829536 sdc7 8 40 48829536 sdc8 8 41 110374551 sdc9 8 42 1975963 sdc10 and dmesg : [10604.777168] end_request: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 1 [10604.817238] sd 26:0:0:0: [sdc] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE [10604.817243] sd 26:0:0:0: [sdc] Sense Key : Aborted Command [current] [10604.817248] sd 26:0:0:0: [sdc] Add. Sense: No additional sense information [10604.817253] sd 26:0:0:0: [sdc] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 06 00 ok now , let's see what i've tried testdisk to check for partitions -- failed dd to copy data from /dev/sdcX -- provide strange output size for example /dev/sdc1 is about 15G , the output for dd is 62G+ so i had to cancle it safecopy successfully made an image for partitons , but can't fix images, can't mount it, can't do any thing with it and some other tools i've tried and all failed , so any idea ?

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  • How do I reinitialise a failed RAID 5 drive using terminal on Ubuntu Server

    - by Stephen
    I've currently put together a new system and part of that has been creating a software RAID 5 using 'mdadm' in Ubuntu Server. I successfully got to the point where I create the array using: sudo mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 I left it to do its thing overnight then used the following command to check on it: watch cat /proc/mdstat To which the following was returned: Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid5 sdd1[4](S) sdc1[2] sdb1[1] sda1[0](F) 5860535808 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/2] [_UU_] unused devices: <none> It appears that one has failed (and I'm not too savvy with why another is a spare). So, just to be sure that something else isn't amiss I wanted to try and re-engage the failed drive. Can someone explain how I can do that and what I should do with the spare (if anything). And also how do I know when synchronisation is complete? The tutorial I used to get this far is located here: http://sonniesedge.co.uk/2009/06/13/software-raid-5-on-ubuntu-904/ Many thanks! p.s. Here is some extra information that may help: sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Mon Jun 18 21:14:21 2012 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 5860535808 (5589.04 GiB 6001.19 GB) Used Dev Size : 1953511936 (1863.01 GiB 2000.40 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Mon Jun 18 21:50:26 2012 State : clean, FAILED Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 3 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 1 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 512K Name : myraidbox:0 (local to host myraidbox) UUID : a269ee94:a161600c:fb1665e7:bd2f27b3 Events : 13 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 8 17 1 active sync /dev/sdb1 2 8 33 2 active sync /dev/sdc1 3 0 0 3 removed 0 8 1 - faulty spare /dev/sda1 4 8 49 - spare /dev/sdd1

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  • reset locale in debian under Squeeze

    - by si2w
    I have problems with locale in debian. I tried many thing but it doesn't anything for me : locale -a locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory C POSIX en_US.utf8 I try to set en_US.utf8 without success with this :dpkg-reconfigure locales -plow perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: LANGUAGE = "en_US", LC_ALL = (unset), LC_CTYPE = "UTF-8", LANG = (unset) are supported and installed on your system. perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory /usr/bin/locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory /usr/bin/locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory Generating locales (this might take a while)... en_US.UTF-8... done Generation complete. perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: LANGUAGE = "en_US", LC_ALL = (unset), LC_CTYPE = "UTF-8", LANG = (unset) are supported and installed on your system. perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: LANGUAGE = "en_US", LC_ALL = (unset), LC_CTYPE = "UTF-8", LANG = (unset) are supported and installed on your system. perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). After reboot, i try to use a perl script : perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: LANGUAGE = "en_US", LC_ALL = (unset), LC_CTYPE = "UTF-8", LANG = "en_US.UTF-8" are supported and installed on your system. perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). Here is my /etc/default/locale config file : cat /etc/default/locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8 LANGUAGE=en_US Any idea to solve this (stupid) problem ? Thanks

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  • SSH Interactive mode not working

    - by Ekin Koc
    I have a Debian based linux server running for a year or so, without any problems. A couple of days ago, ssh interactive mode stopped working for no reason. I mean, I can open an ssh connection just fine, the server greets me with shell but I just can't type anything. However, if I send commands like this: ssh [email protected] cat /var/log/messages, I get the response. I dug through several logs and found one message, which feels remotely relevant to the problem; sh kernel: [10222733.062511] ------------[ cut here ]------------ sh kernel: [10222733.062522] WARNING: at /build/buildd-linux-2.6_2.6.32-39-amd64-7yVIH2/linux-2.6-2.6.32/debian/build/source_amd64_none/drivers/char/tty_ldisc.c:738 tty_ldisc_reinit+0x46/0x7b() sh kernel: [10222733.062526] Hardware name: PowerEdge R210 II sh kernel: [10222733.062528] Modules linked in: ipt_MASQUERADE iptable_nat nf_nat nf_conntrack_ipv4 nf_conntrack nf_defrag_ipv4 ip_tables x_tables sha1_generic arc4 ecb ppp_mppe ppp_async crc_ccitt ppp_generic slhc loop snd_pcm snd_timer snd soundcore snd_page_alloc i2c_i801 i2c_core pcspkr evdev joydev dcdbas container button processor ext3 jbd mbcache sg sd_mod sr_mod crc_t10dif cdrom usb_storage usbhid hid mpt2sas ahci ehci_hcd libata scsi_transport_sas usbcore bnx2 nls_base scsi_mod fan thermal thermal_sys [last unloaded: scsi_wait_scan] sh kernel: [10222733.062568] Pid: 8662, comm: sshd Not tainted 2.6.32-5-amd64 #1 sh kernel: [10222733.062569] Call Trace: sh kernel: [10222733.062572] [<ffffffff811ff056>] ? tty_ldisc_reinit+0x46/0x7b sh kernel: [10222733.062574] [<ffffffff811ff056>] ? tty_ldisc_reinit+0x46/0x7b Is there any way to get back the sshd working in interactive mode? I tried restarting sshd but that is no help. And somehow, I can not reboot the server. Tried sending shutdown -r now and reboot but it refuses to go down. Should I go ahead and request a physical reboot?

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  • Accidentally dd'ed an image to wrong drive / overwrote partition table + NTFS partition start

    - by Kento Locatelli
    I screwed up and set the wrong output for dd when trying to copy a freenas iso, overwriting the wrong external hard drive. Ironically, I was trying to setup a freenas server for data backup... External drive is only used for data storage, system is entirely intact Drive had a single NTFS partition filing the entire device (2TB WD elements) Drive originally had an MBR partition table. Drive now shows as having a GPT, presumably from the freenas image. Drive was mounted at the time, with maybe a couple kB of data written/read after running dd Drive is just a few months old and healthy (regular SMART / fs checks) I have not reboot the OS (crunchbang) /proc/partition still holds the correct information (and has been stored) Have dd's output (records in / out / bytes) testdrive did not find any partitions on quick or deep search running photorec to recover the more important data (a couple recent plaintext files that hadn't been backed up yet). Vast majority of disk content ( 80%) is unnecessary media files. My current plan is to let photorec do it's thing, then recreate the mbr with gparted and use cfdisk to create another NTFS partition using the sector information from /sys/block/.../. Is that a good course of action (that is, a chance of success)? Or anything else I should try first? Possibly relevant information: dd if=FreeNAS-8.0.4-RELEASE-p3-x86.iso of=/dev/sdc: 194568+0 records in 194568+0 records out 99618816 bytes (100 MB) copied grep . /sys/block/sdc/sdc*/{start,size}: /sys/block/sdc/sdc1/start:2048 /sys/block/sdc/sdc1/size:3907022848 cat /proc/partitions: major minor #blocks name ** Snipped ** 8 32 1953512448 sdc 8 33 1953511424 sdc1 current fdisk -l output: WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdc'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sdc: 2000.4 GB, 2000396746752 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table

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  • User http does not have write permissions directory?

    - by dwieeb
    I have a bit of an odd set up, I think. I have groups for each domain my server hosts, and I add the user http to each domain group along with the users that should have access to the groups' domains. In my php script running from a directory 'public_html', I try creating a file: <?php $output = ""; print exec('touch test 2>&1', $output); But I get touch: cannot touch `test': Permission denied and the file is not created. But here, clearly stated, the group has all permissions on the directory: drwxrwxr-x 5 dwieeb example.com 1024 Feb 4 05:19 public_html And here are the permissions on the php file in public_html that is trying to use the exec function: -rw-rw-r-- 1 dwieeb example.com 59 Feb 4 05:19 test.php How is this possible if http is part of the example.com group (as seen from a cat on /etc/group) and the directory has full permissions for the group? ... example.com:x:1000:dwieeb,http I'm stumped. EDIT (since apparently I'm not cool enough to answer my own questions yet): Ah, I found the problem. Yes, I restarted Nginx, but the php-fpm daemon must be restarted as well when http is added to the group for my domain. On Arch Linux: rc.d restart php-fpm

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  • Certificates required for WHQL-certified drivers

    - by Kasius
    The 64-bit Windows 7 image that we deploy to machines at our site does not contain all of the certificates included on a default Windows image. Automatic root certificate installation is also disabled per policy from higher in the organization. We have had a lot of trouble installing many WHQL-certified drivers from reputable companies (ex. HP, Lexmark, Dell, etc.), and I hypothesize that a required certificate is missing from one of the certificate stores on the machine. The error we typically get is: The driver cannot be installed because it is either not digitally signed or not signed in the appropriate manner. I know that it is signed. A .CAT file is included, and it has the following tree from top to bottom: Microsoft Root Authority (thumbprint a4 34 89 15 9a 52 0f 0d 93 d0 32 cc af 37 e7 fe 20 a8 b4 19) Microsoft Windows Hardware Compatibility PCA (thumbprint 93 b8 d8 82 0a 32 db 20 a5 ea b6 8d 86 ad 67 8e fa 14 ea 41) Microsoft Windows Hardware Compatibility Publisher (thumprint b0 50 45 45 42 4e be 2c 16 2f 62 5b bf 5a e6 9b 96 bf 0b 0b) What certificates are required to install WHQL-certified drivers? Is it possibly something other than certificates? Thanks! NOTE: I have posted this question on Technet as well, but honestly, I've never had a lot of luck posting questions on the Technet forums.

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  • Route all wlan0 traffic over tun0

    - by Tuinslak
    I'm looking for a way to route all wlan0 traffic (tcp and udp) over tun0 (openvpn). However, all other traffic originating from the device itself should not be routed through tun0. I'm guessing this could be realized using iptables or route, but none of my options seem to work. # route add -net 0.0.0.0 gw 172.27.0.1 dev wlan0 SIOCADDRT: No such process Info: This is because the VPN server is not redundant, and wlan users are not really important. However, all services running on the device are fairly important and having a VPN virtual machine with no SLA on it is just a bad idea. Trying to minimize the odds of something going wrong. So setting the VPN server as default gateway is not really an option. I also want all wlan0 user to use the VPN server's IP address as external IP. Edit with the script provided: root@ft-genesi-xxx ~ # route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 172.27.0.17 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 10.13.37.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 wlan0 172.27.0.0 172.27.0.17 255.255.192.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 root@ft-genesi-xxx ~ # ./test.sh RTNETLINK answers: No such process root@ft-genesi-xxx ~ # cat test.sh #!/bin/sh IP=/sbin/ip # replace with the range of your wlan network, or use fwmark instead ${IP} rule add from 10.13.37.0/24 table from-wlan ${IP} route add default dev tun0 via 127.72.0.1 table from-wlan ${IP} route add 10.13.37.0/24 dev wlan0 table from-wlan

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  • Failing to load rootfs: Ubuntu 10 + grub2 + rootfs ext4 w/ RAID1

    - by James
    I am having problems booting a new Ubuntu 10 (server) install. My primary HD (/dev/sda) is laid out as follows: Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 18 144553+ 83 Linux <-- /BOOT /dev/sda2 19 182401 1464991447+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 19 2207 17583111 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda6 2208 11934 78132096 fd Linux raid autodetect <-- / (ROOTFS) /dev/sda7 11935 182401 1369276146 fd Linux raid autodetect The rootfs is part of a RAID1 (software) array (currently degraded): # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md2 : active raid1 sda6[1] 78132032 blocks [2/1] [_U] The UUIDs for the partitions are as follows: # blkid /dev/sda1 /dev/sda1: UUID="b25dd301-41b9-4f4d-9b0a-0e31713dd74c" TYPE="ext2" # blkid /dev/sda6 /dev/sda6: UUID="af7b9ede-fa53-c0c1-74be-31ec752c5cd5" TYPE="linux_raid_member" # blkid /dev/md2 /dev/md2: UUID="a0602d42-6855-482f-870c-6f6ecdcdae3f" TYPE="ext4" Finally, I have my grub2 menuentry setup as follows: ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-25-server' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { insmod ext2 insmod raid insmod mdraid set root='(hd0,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set b25dd301-41b9-4f4d-9b0a-0e31713dd74c linux /vmlinuz-2.6.32-25-server root=UUID=a0602d42-6855-482f-870c-6f6ecdcdae3f ro nosplash noplymouth initrd /initrd.img-2.6.32-25-server } When I attempt to boot, grub loads OK, however I eventually get the following error message: Gave up waiting for root device. ALERT /dev/disk/by-uuid/a0602d42-6855-482f-870c-6f6ecdcdae3f does not exist. Dropping to a shell! If from the grub bootloader I open a grub command line, I can ls (hd0,) and it lists the correct partitions with the UUIDs as shown above - sda6 shows 'a0602d42-6855-482f-870c-6f6ecdcdae3f' (the RAID UUID). If I ls (md2)/ it properly lists all the files on the RAID1 filesystem (ext4) so it doesn't appear to be an issue accessing the raid device. Does anyone have any suggestions as to what the problem might be? I can't figure this one out.

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  • FreeBSD 8 and Samba 3.3 Samba seems to crash/not start?

    - by scraft3613
    I am both new to FreeBSD and Samba, and with that in mind ... I installed Samba 3.3. from Ports. I have this in my rc.conf: #samba nmbd_enable="YES" smbd_enable="YES" winbindd_enable="YES" I can see an active PID: prod1# cat /var/run/smbd.pid 24426 But it seems like smbd isn't running: prod1# ps -auwxx | egrep '[sn]mbd' root 24513 0.0 0.3 21108 4672 ?? Ss Sat02PM 0:00.71 /usr/local/sbin/nmbd -D -s /usr/local/etc/smb.conf If I restart samba with /usr/local/etc/rc.d/samba restart it runs: prod1# ps -auwxx | egrep '[sn]mbd' root 30188 0.0 0.3 21080 4700 ?? Ss 2:49PM 0:00.00 /usr/local/sbin/nmbd -D -s /usr/local/etc/smb.conf root 30196 0.0 0.6 35520 10952 ?? Ss 2:49PM 0:00.00 /usr/local/sbin/smbd -D -s /usr/local/etc/smb.conf root 30198 0.0 0.6 35520 10880 ?? S 2:49PM 0:00.00 /usr/local/sbin/smbd -D -s /usr/local/etc/smb.conf Until I do: prod1# smbclient -L prod1 Connection to prod1 failed (Error NT_STATUS_CONNECTION_REFUSED) prod1# prod1# ps -auwxx | egrep '[sn]mbd' root 30188 0.0 0.3 21080 4700 ?? Ss 2:49PM 0:00.00 /usr/local/sbin/nmbd -D -s /usr/local/etc/smb.conf What should I be checking to find out what's going on?

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  • NFS: Server says "authenticated mount request", but client sees "access denied"

    - by zigdon
    I have two machine, an NFS server (RHEL) and a client (Debian). The server has NFS set up, exporting a particular directory: server:~$ sudo /usr/sbin/rpcinfo -p localhost program vers proto port 100000 2 tcp 111 portmapper 100000 2 udp 111 portmapper 100024 1 udp 910 status 100024 1 tcp 913 status 100021 1 udp 53391 nlockmgr 100021 3 udp 53391 nlockmgr 100021 4 udp 53391 nlockmgr 100021 1 tcp 32774 nlockmgr 100021 3 tcp 32774 nlockmgr 100021 4 tcp 32774 nlockmgr 100007 2 udp 830 ypbind 100007 1 udp 830 ypbind 100007 2 tcp 833 ypbind 100007 1 tcp 833 ypbind 100011 1 udp 999 rquotad 100011 2 udp 999 rquotad 100011 1 tcp 1002 rquotad 100011 2 tcp 1002 rquotad 100003 2 udp 2049 nfs 100003 3 udp 2049 nfs 100003 4 udp 2049 nfs 100003 2 tcp 2049 nfs 100003 3 tcp 2049 nfs 100003 4 tcp 2049 nfs 100005 1 udp 1013 mountd 100005 1 tcp 1016 mountd 100005 2 udp 1013 mountd 100005 2 tcp 1016 mountd 100005 3 udp 1013 mountd 100005 3 tcp 1016 mountd server$ cat /etc/exports /dir *.my.domain.com(ro) client$ grep dir /etc/fstab server.my.domain.com:/dir /dir nfs tcp,soft,bg,noauto,ro 0 0 All seems well, but when I try to mount, I see the following: client$ sudo mount /dir mount.nfs: access denied by server while mounting server.my.domain.com:/dir And on the server I see: server$ tail /var/log/messages Mar 15 13:46:23 server mountd[413]: authenticated mount request from client.my.domain.com:723 for /dir (/dir) What am I missing here? How should I be debugging this?

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  • OpenLDAP ACLs are not working

    - by Dr I
    First things first, I'm currently working with an OpenLDAP: slapd 2.4.36 on a Fedora release 19 (Schrödinger’s Cat). I've just install the openldap with yum and my configuration is the following one: ##### OpenLDAP Default configuration ##### # ##### OpenLDAP CORE CONFIGURATION ##### include /etc/openldap/schema/core.schema include /etc/openldap/schema/cosine.schema include /etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema include /etc/openldap/schema/nis.schema pidfile /var/lib/ldap/slapd.pid loglevel trace ##### Default Schema ##### database mdb directory /var/lib/ldap/ maxsize 1073741824 suffix "dc=domain,dc=tld" rootdn "cn=root,dc=domain,dc=tld" rootpw {SSHA}SECRETP@SSWORD ##### Default ACL ##### access to attrs=userpassword by self write by group.exact="cn=administrators,ou=builtin,ou=groups,dc=domain,dc=tld" write by anonymous auth by * none I launch my OpenLDAP service using: /usr/sbin/slapd -u ldap -h ldapi:/// ldap:/// -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf As you can see it's a pretty simple ACL which aim to allow access to the userPassword attribute to a specific group read only, then to the owner read and write to anonymous requiring auth and refuse the access to everyone else. The problem is: Even using a valid user with correct password my ldapsearch ends with zero informations retrieved from the directory, plus I've got a strange response on the result line. # search result search: 2 result: 32 No such object # numResponses: 1 here is the ldapsearch request: ldapsearch -H ldap.domain.tld -W -b dc=domain,dc=tld -s sub -D cn=user,ou=service,ou=employees,ou=users,dc=domain,dc=tld I did not specify any filter as I want to check that ldapsearch is correctly printing only allowed attribute.

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  • What is proper relationship between /etc/hosts and DNS A records for a Linux server?

    - by MountainX
    I have an Ubuntu server. It is going to be a web server with a URI of www.example.com. I have a DNS A record pointing www.example.com to the server's IP address. Let's say I pick "trinity" as the hostname for this server. I want to set up the DNS records correctly. I need reverse DNS to www.example.com, so a CNAME for www.example.com doesn't seem appropriate. Here's my question: Is it considered best practice to set up two DNS records (which in my case would likely be two A records), one for www.example.com and one for trinity.example.com, both pointing to this server's IP address? (Or, even if it is not accepted as a best practice, is it a good idea?) If so, would the following be a proper /etc/hosts file? $ cat /etc/hosts 127.0.1.1 trinity.local trinity 99.100.101.102 trinity.example.com trinity www.example.com This server is a Linode and Linode's docs seem to imply that the above approach is best (if I am reading them correctly). Here's the relevant section. I bolded the line that seems to apply here. Update /etc/hosts Next, edit your /etc/hosts file to resemble the following example, replacing "plato" with your chosen hostname, "example.com" with your system's domain name, and "12.34.56.78" with your system's IP address. As with the hostname, the domain name part of your FQDN does not necesarily need to have any relationship to websites or other services hosted on the server (although it may if you wish). As an example, you might host "www.something.com" on your server, but the system's FQDN might be "mars.somethingelse.com." File:/etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost 12.34.56.78 plato.example.com plato The value you assign as your system's FQDN should have an "A" record in DNS pointing to your Linode's IP address. For more information on configuring DNS, please see our guide on configuring DNS with the Linode Manager.

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  • Pages load in brower fine, but 404 not found reported for the page during the GET on all pages except index

    - by user885983
    I believe this question is more suited to serverfault (please correct me if not). This issue appears very similar to this question (except there are no 301 Moved Permanently for any pages). The domain is yorkshirebadges.co.uk. For example, loading yorkshirebadges.co.uk or yorkshirebadges.co.uk/index.php reports no 404s during network inspection. But every other page (/contact.php, /products.php) report a not found. Mod_rewrite is being used on the site, I checked this out but didn't see any obvious errors. It's included below for reference: RewriteEngine on RewriteRule ^store/material/([^/\.]+)/price/?([^/\.]+)?$ products.php?prodType=$1&price=$2 RewriteRule ^store/price/?([^/\.]+)?$ products.php?price=$1; RewriteRule ^store/material/?([^/\.]+)?$ products.php?prodType=$1 RewriteRule ^store/([^/\.]+)/?$ products.php?prodCat=$1 RewriteRule ^store/([^/\.]+)/price/([^/\.]+)$ products.php?prodCat=$1&price=$2 RewriteRule ^store/Type/?([^/\.]+) products.php?prodType=$1 RewriteRule ^store/([^/\.]+)/?([^/\.]+)?$ view-product-details.php?cat=$1&prodName=$2 RewriteRule ^store/([^/\.]+)/material/?([^/\.]+)?$ products.php?prodCat=$1&prodType=$2 RewriteRule analytics http://www.google.com/analytics <IfModule mod_suphp.c> suPHP_ConfigPath /home/yorkshir <Files php.ini> order allow,deny deny from all </Files> </IfModule> Chrome Network Inspection (and firebug on firefox) report 404s on all pages except the index, the server is apache2. Really scratching my head on this one!

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  • Linux usd disk just create sg device

    - by MTilsted
    I have a Corsair R60 ssd disk which is a disk with both sata and usb connectors. But the usb thing seems to be a bit non-standard, or maybe its just my fedora linux. When I insert the disk using a usb cabel to a running Fedora 14 linux system, a device called /dev/sg3 is added but that is all. No new /dev/sd* device is created so I can't mount the disk. If I look at cat /proc/scsi/sg/device_strs I get ATA Hitachi HTS54321 FB2O HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-T50N RP05 Seagate Desktop 0130 Corsair CSSD-R60GB2 So the disk is there. (The last entry) but my linux will for some reason not see it as a usb hard disk. When I insert other usb disks they work fine. It is only this specific disk which causes problems. I have tried on 3 different computers with the same result. A hint to the problem may be that if I add the disk to a windows system(With usb) the disk is called "A fixed disk" and not a portable disk as expected. The disk works fine with linux If i connect it with the sata cabel, but I would really like to have it working with usb too. (To mount it on computers without sata).

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  • Can't mount Linux usd disk. It just create /dev/sg device but no /dev/sd

    - by MTilsted
    I have a Corsair R60 ssd disk which is a disk with both sata and usb connectors. But the usb thing seems to be a bit non-standard, or maybe its just my fedora linux. When I insert the disk using a usb cabel to a running Fedora 14 linux system, a device called /dev/sg3 is added but that is all. No new /dev/sd* device is created so I can't mount the disk. If I look at cat /proc/scsi/sg/device_strs I get ATA Hitachi HTS54321 FB2O HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-T50N RP05 Seagate Desktop 0130 Corsair CSSD-R60GB2 So the disk is there. (The last entry) but my linux will for some reason not see it as a usb hard disk. When I insert other usb disks they work fine. It is only this specific disk which causes problems. I have tried on 3 different computers with the same result. A hint to the problem may be that if I add the disk to a windows system(With usb) the disk is called "A fixed disk" and not a portable disk as expected. The disk works fine with linux If i connect it with the sata cabel, but I would really like to have it working with usb too. (To mount it on computers without sata).

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  • Can't get DNS Alias work on Ubuntu 10.04 with Apache 2

    - by Johnny
    I want to use the DNS Alias to configure one of my domain pointing to a specific directory on the server. Here is what I've done: Change the IP address in domain setting, and it works $ ping www.example.com PING example.com (124.205.62.xxx): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 124.205.62.xxx: icmp_seq=0 ttl=48 time=53.088 ms 64 bytes from 124.205.62.xxx: icmp_seq=1 ttl=48 time=52.125 ms ^C --- example.com ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0.0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 52.125/52.606/53.088/0.482 ms Add sites-available and sites-enabled $ ls -l /etc/apache2/sites-available/ total 16 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 948 2010-04-14 03:27 default -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7467 2010-04-14 03:27 default-ssl -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 365 2010-06-09 18:27 example.com $ ls -l /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/ total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 2010-06-09 15:46 000-default -> ../sites-available/default lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 33 2010-06-09 18:17 001-example.com -> ../sites-available/example.com But it doesn't work and when I open the browser for www.example.com, it shows an 111 error: The following error was encountered: Connection to 124.205.62.48 Failed The system returned: (111) Connection refused Here is how example.com's config: $ cat /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/001-example.com <virtualhost *:80> DocumentRoot "/vhosts/example.com/htdocs/" ServerName www.example.com ServerAlias example.com <Location /> Order Deny,Allow Deny from None Allow from all </Location> #Include /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf ErrorLog /vhosts/example.com/logs/error.log CustomLog /vhosts/example.com/logs/access.log combined Could you please tell me how to solve this?

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  • How to force mdadm to stop RAID5 array?

    - by lucek
    I have /dev/md127 RAID5 array that consisted of four drives. I managed to hot remove them from the array and currently /dev/md127 does not have any drives: cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid1 sdd1[0] sda1[1] 304052032 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md1 : active raid0 sda5[1] sdd5[0] 16770048 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks md127 : active raid5 super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/0] [____] unused devices: <none> and mdadm --detail /dev/md127 /dev/md127: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Thu Sep 6 10:39:57 2012 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 8790402048 (8383.18 GiB 9001.37 GB) Used Dev Size : 2930134016 (2794.39 GiB 3000.46 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Fri Sep 7 17:19:47 2012 State : clean, FAILED Active Devices : 0 Working Devices : 0 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 512K Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 0 0 1 removed 2 0 0 2 removed 3 0 0 3 removed I've tried to do mdadm --stop /dev/md127 but: mdadm --stop /dev/md127 mdadm: Cannot get exclusive access to /dev/md127:Perhaps a running process, mounted filesystem or active volume group? I made sure that it's unmounted, umount -l /dev/md127 and confirmed that it indeed is unmounted: umount /dev/md127 umount: /dev/md127: not mounted I've tried to zero superblock of each drive and I get (for each drive): mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sde1 mdadm: Unrecognised md component device - /dev/sde1 Here's output of lsof|grep md127: lsof|grep md127 md127_rai 276 root cwd DIR 9,0 4096 2 / md127_rai 276 root rtd DIR 9,0 4096 2 / md127_rai 276 root txt unknown /proc/276/exe What else can I do? LVM is not even installed so it can't be a factor.

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  • Generalized strategy for file server virtualization in Xenserver

    - by Jamie
    I'm not shopping as much as I'm looking for some guidance on good idea / bad idea strategies. I'm sure I'm not in the "best practices" budget range. Currently, I have 3 dell poweredges running xenserver in a pool. Each node has a ubuntu file server, serving about 6TB. One is the primary, the other two are rsync targets for backup. The 6TB is stored on their respective local storage disks as an LVM of 3x2tb virtual disks. The fileserver VM disks are also stored on the node local disks. Each node also runs a smattering of light-weight VMs for web, development, windows VMs, and stuff like that. Several of those VM's disks reside on a QNAP NAS to play with live migration. These VM's are often clients of the primary file server (like all the mail, web content, user files are stored on the file server, not on the mail, web, and samba VMs). This all works fine, and is a major step up for us. The downside is that the QNAP is a single point of failure. And the only thing the QNAP is doing is serving migratable VM images, not client data. Someday the poweredge local arrays will be full, and we will have to reinvent ourselves again. Is it wise to have heavywieght vms (like the fileserver, with its 6+ TB disks) on a SAN or NAS? Would it be better to keep the VMs lightweight, have the VM images on a SAN or NAS, and use 2 or more NAS act as NFS-serving file appliances? A hybrid SAN/NAS that can serve iscsi for images and NFS for the client vms? It seems like live-magration would be a misnomer if you have to migrate a fileserver with its entire 6+ TB disk. I recognize there are plenty of ways to skin the cat. We've already skinned it a few ways. What makes sense?

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