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• Reading Hindi (Devanagari) on Windows XP SP1

  - by user31670

  Pretty much all the text that I have read on enabling Hindi (Complex Text Rendering) involve enabling it via Regional Settings Languages Install files for complex script support and left to right languages (including Thai). However, I am able to read Wikipedia without having this feature enabled. Is this normal or is this an anomaly with my Win XP SP1 CD?

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• How to install Arabic language on Windows 7 using Windows 7 DVD (not Windows Update)?

  - by drake035

  In Control Panel Region & Language Install/Uninstall languages Install display languages, I have the choice between launching Windows Update and selecting "display language files" from computer. I want to use the second option but have no idea what language files look like or where they are. I suppose I can find them on my Windows 7 DVD (I need to install Arabic specifically), but where exactly ?

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• Please explain some of Paul Graham's points on LISP

  - by kunjaan

  I need some help understanding some of the points from Paul Graham's article http://www.paulgraham.com/diff.html A new concept of variables. In Lisp, all variables are effectively pointers. Values are what have types, not variables, and assigning or binding variables means copying pointers, not what they point to. A symbol type. Symbols differ from strings in that you can test equality by comparing a pointer. A notation for code using trees of symbols. The whole language always available. There is no real distinction between read-time, compile-time, and runtime. You can compile or run code while reading, read or run code while compiling, and read or compile code at runtime. What do these points mean How are they different in languages like C or Java? Do any other languages other than LISP family languages have any of these constructs now?

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• What are modern and old compilers written in?

  - by ulum

  As a compiler, other than an interpreter, only needs to translate the input and not run it the performance of itself should be not that problematic as with an interpreter. Therefore, you wouldn't write an interpreter in, let's say Ruby or PHP because it would be far too slow. However, what about compilers? If you would write a compiler in a scripting language maybe even featuring rapid development you could possibly cut the source code and initial development time by halv, at least I think so. To be sure: With scripting language I mean interpreted languages having typical features that make programming faster, easier and more enjoyable for the programmer, usually at least. Examples: PHP, Ruby, Python, maybe JavaScript though that may be an odd choice for a compiler What are compilers normally written in? As I suppose you will respond with something low-level like C, C++ or even Assembler, why? Are there compilers written in scripting languages? What are the (dis)advantages of using low or high level programming languages for compiler writing?

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• i18n and l10n web guidelines

  - by Konstantin Petrukhnov

  Is there any standards/guidelines/good practices for making websites with support of different content and UI? I'm interesting in articles/tutorials, that cover this topics. E.g. there going to be website for multiple countries. And user should have possibility to select UI and content languages separately. I assume that not all content will be translated, so there should be some mechanism for showing "default language" content for specific page. But again, should this "default" be per site, or per country? E.g. in some countries (Belgium, Finland) there are several official languages. If one language is unavailable, should default be second one, or English? Another example: many people prefer English UI (no mater of their origin), but want local scales (inches, meters) and local services. I don't care much about programing languages now, just want to understand what users are expected, what should be scope, and what are good practices.

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• In what areas might the use of F# be more appropriate than C#?

  - by Peter McGrattan

  Over the last few years F# has evolved into one of Microsoft's fully supported languages employing many ideas incubated in OCaml, ML and Haskell. Over the last several years C# has extended it's general purpose features by introducing more and more functional language features: LINQ (list comprehension), Lamdas, Closures, Anonymous Delegates and more... Given C#'s adoption of these functional features and F#'s taxonomy as an impure functional language (it allows YOU to access framework libraries or change shared state when a function is called if you want to) there is a strong similarity between the two languages although each has it's own polar opposite primary emphasis. I'm interested in any successful models employing these two languages in your production polyglot programs and also the areas within production software (web apps, client apps, server apps) you have written in F# in the past year or so that you would previously have written in C#. EDIT: Edited based on feedback from close votes with the intent of reducing perceived ambiguity.

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• I'm a professional Java developer, should I learn .NET?

  - by Alex Spurling

  Java and .NET seem to have a great number of parallels especially in the web application area. Both languages have many of the same technologies especially in terms of open source libraries (JUnit and NUnit, Hibernate and NHibernate) but there are also plenty of differences and different approaches to solving certain software development problems. As a Java developer I get the feeling I'm missing out on learning about web application development from the .NET point of view and I could learn a lot about the general principles by learning two languages rather than getting stuck in the details of Java and not seeing the bigger picture. So the first question is, do you agree? Does learning two separate but similar languages such as Java and .NET make you a better programmer? Secondly, I'm worried that if I choose to take, for example, a MCPD ASP.NET 3.5 certification it won't actually help me get work doing .NET development because it goes against all my existing experience. Is trying to broaden your skills a good career choice or is it a better decision to choose one technology and stick with that?

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• OpenType programming

  - by Sorush Rabiee

  Hi all Recently i asked two questions (1 and 2) about using OpenType features in programs written by python and .net languages, but didn't get an answer. i realized there is no way to change text rendering engines of operating systems, or force them to use OpenType. so now want to implement my own. such a program that: provides a text engine that receives glyph shapes from otf and ttf files and renders them in sequence of glyphs in text. generates all of OTL features can be used in other parts of applications like controls and components of .NET or python GUI libraries. if python and .net languages are not suitable in this situation, aware me about other programming languages or tools. comments and answers about text rendering system of common Operating Systems, or designing text engines compatible with unicode 5.02 protocol are welcomed.

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• How does a virtual machine work?

  - by Martin

  I've been looking into how programming languages work, and some of them have a so-called virtual machines. I understand that this is some form of emulation of the programming language within another programming language, and that it works like how a compiled language would be executed, with a stack. Did I get that right? With the proviso that I did, what bamboozles me is that many non-compiled languages allow variables with "liberal" type systems. In Python for example, I can write this: x = "Hello world!" x = 2**1000 Strings and big integers are completely unrelated and occupy different amounts of space in memory, so how can this code even be represented in a stack-based environment? What exactly happens here? Is x pointed to a new place on the stack and the old string data left unreferenced? Do these languages not use a stack? If not, how do they represent variables internally?

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• problems with UTF-8 encoding in PHP

  - by user296516

  Hi guys, The characters I am getting from the URL, for example www.mydomain.com/?name=john , were fine, as longs as they were not in Russian. If they were are in Russian, I was getting '????'. So I added $name= iconv("cp1251","utf-8" ,$name); and now it works fine for Russian and English characters, but screws up other languages. :))) For example 'Janis' ( Latvian ) that worked fine before iconv, now turns into 'j??nis'. Any idea if there's some universal encoder that would work with both the Cyrillic languages and not screw up other languages?

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• What programming language best bridges the gap between pseudocode and code?

  - by Kai

  As I write code from now on, I plan to first lay out everything in beautiful, readable pseudocode and then implement the program around that structure. If I rank the languages that I currently know from easiest to most difficult to translate, I'd say: Lisp, Python, Lua, C++, Java, C I know that each language has its strength and weaknesses but I'm focusing specifically on pseudocode. What language do you use that is best suited for pseudocode-to-code? I always enjoy picking up new languages. Also, if you currently use this technique, I'd love to hear any tips you have about structuring practical pseudocode. Note: I feel this is subjective but has a clear answer per individual preference. I'm asking this here because the SO community has a very wide audience and is likely to suggest languages and techniques that I would otherwise not encounter.

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• Implementing "Generator" support in a custom language

  - by Roger Alsing

  I've got a bit of fettish for language design and I'm currently playing around with my own hobby language. (http://rogeralsing.com/2010/04/14/playing-with-plastic/) One thing that really makes my mind bleed is "generators" and the "yield" keyword. I know C# uses AST transformation to transform enumerator methods into statemachines. But how does it work in other languages? Is there any way to get generator support in a language w/o AST transformation? e.g. Does languages like Python or Ruby resort to AST transformations to solve this to? (The question is how generators are implemented under the hood in different languages, not how to write a generator in one of them)

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• can't login to phpmyadmin

  - by user574383

  Hi, i am new at linux but i need phpmyadmin on my centos server. I did this: cd /var/www/html/ (document root of apache) wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/phpmyadmin/path/to/latest/version tar xvfz phpMyAdmin-3.3.9-all-languages.tar.gz mv phpMyAdmin-3.3.9-all-languages phpmyadmin rm phpMyAdmin-3.3.9-all-languages.tar.gz cd phpmyadmin/ cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php Ok so then i just got to a webbrowser and go to www.$ip/phpmyadmin and i am presented with a login screen asking for username and password. How can i get these credentials to log in? I'd like to log in as root i guess. But i don't know how to setup a root account and create a password for root using the cli and mysql. Please help? Thanks.

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• why do we all learn and study java or .net or why java or .net are popular?

  - by tadeze

  My question to be clear is why do we all need to learn java or .net(C#) , still java or .net are more popular than delphi or c++ and even there are lot of resource,articles or books compared to c++ or delphi about java and .net. However, I heard majority, if I am right about 80% of software are developed using c++ or delphi in the software industry. so, why do we bother about other languages specifically about the cosmopolitan languages such as java or .net in education as well as for job interview. Although, still I know the elegance of java and .net, their safe code execution,fully objected oriented behavior ...etc, but still according to the statics they are not preferred on software develpement as a primary language mainly because of their execution time compared to c++ or delphi. So my question are why do they choose them for jobs or educational purpose and everything else? why do we lose our time learning these language if we are forced to use the other languages in the industry?

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• Does the 'dynamic' keyword and the DLR promote C# to a first class citizen as a dynamically typed la

  - by Quigrim

  I understand that the new ‘dynamic’ keyword in C# 4.0 facilitates interaction with dynamic .NET languages, and can help to cut code by using it instead of reflection. So usage is for very specific situations. However, what I would like to know is if it will give C# all the dynamic benefits that one would get in other dynamic languages such is the IronXXX languages? In other words, will it be possible to write a entire application in C# in a dynamic language style? And if it is possible, would it be recommended or not. And why, or why not respectively? Will I get all the benefits of a dynamic language without switching to another language?

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• What production software have you written in F# in the past year or so that you would previously hav

  - by Peter McGrattan

  Over the last few years F# has evolved into one of Microsoft's fully supported languages employing many ideas incubated in OCaml, ML and Haskell. Over the last several years C# has extended it's general purpose features by introducing more and more functional language features: LINQ (list comprehension), Lamdas, Closures, Anonymous Delegates and more... Given C#'s adoption of these functional features and F#'s taxonomy as an impure functional language (it allows YOU to access framework libraries or change shared state when a function is called if you want to) there is a strong similarity between the two languages although each has it's own polar opposite primary emphasis. I'm interested in any successful models employing these two languages in your production polyglot programs and also the areas within production software (web apps, client apps, server apps) you have written in F# in the past year or so that you would previously have written in C#.

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• Suggest resources for learning Scheme.

  - by EmFi

  I'll be starting a new job soon where Scheme is heavily used. I currently do not know Scheme, but my employer assures me that is not a problem. Regardless I'd like to hit the ground running and have a working knowledge of the language before my start date. So I'm looking for good resources from which to learn Scheme. I have had minimal exposure to functional languages. Really only a small chunk of a course devoted to Haskell. But I have a strong background in procedural and OO and procedural languages. Before it gets requested by a commenter, I am competent with the following languages: C, C++, C#, Java, Perl, Python, and Ruby.

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• In what specific areas has F# proven more applicable than C#?

  - by Peter McGrattan

  Over the last few years F# has evolved into one of Microsoft's fully supported languages employing many ideas incubated in OCaml, ML and Haskell. Over the last several years C# has extended it's general purpose features by introducing more and more functional language features: LINQ (list comprehension), Lamdas, Closures, Anonymous Delegates and more... Given C#'s adoption of these functional features and F#'s taxonomy as an impure functional language (it allows YOU to access framework libraries or change shared state when a function is called if you want to) there is a strong similarity between the two languages although each has it's own polar opposite primary emphasis. I'm interested in any successful models employing these two languages in your production polyglot programs and also the areas within production software (web apps, client apps, server apps) you have written in F# in the past year or so that you would previously have written in C#. EDIT: Altered title with the intent of reducing perceived ambiguity.

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• Why hasn't functional programming taken over yet?

  - by pankrax

  I've read some texts about declarative/functional programming (languages), tried out Haskell as well as written one myself. From what I've seen, functional programming has several advantages over the classical imperative style: Stateless programs; No side effects Concurrency; Plays extremely nice with the rising multi-core technology Programs are usually shorter and in some cases easier to read Productivity goes up (example: Erlang) Imperative programming is a very old paradigm (as far as I know) and possibly not suitable for the 21st century Why are companies using or programs written in functional languages still so "rare"? Why, when looking at the advantages of functional programming, are we still using imperative programming languages? Maybe it was too early for it in 1990, but today?

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• Do you know of a good program for editing/translating resource (.rc) files?

  - by djeidot

  I'm building a C++/MFC program in a multilingual environment. I have one main (national) language and three international languages. Every time I add a feature to the program I have to keep the international languages up-to-date with the national one. The resource editor in Visual Studio is not very helpful because I frequently end up leaving a string, dialog box, etc., untranslated. I wonder if you guys know of a program that can edit resource (.rc) files and Build a file that includes only the strings to be translated and their respective IDs and accepts the same (or similar) file in another language (this would be helpful since usually the translation is done by someone else), or Handle the translations itself, allowing to view the same string in different languages at the same time.

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• Why is writing a compiler in a functional language so efficient and easier?

  - by wvd

  Hello all, I've been thinking of this question very long, but really couldn't find the answer on Google as well a similar question on Stackoverflow. If there is a duplicate, I'm sorry for that. A lot of people seem to say that writing compilers and other language tools in functional languages such as OCaml and Haskell is much more efficient and easier then writing them in imperative languages. Is this true? And if so -- why is so efficient and easy to write them in functional languages instead of in an imperative language, like C? Also -- isn't a language tool in a functional language slower then in some low-level language like C? Thanks in advance, William v. Doorn

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• Why is writing a compiler in a functional language easier?

  - by wvd

  Hello all, I've been thinking of this question very long, but really couldn't find the answer on Google as well a similar question on Stackoverflow. If there is a duplicate, I'm sorry for that. A lot of people seem to say that writing compilers and other language tools in functional languages such as OCaml and Haskell is much more efficient and easier then writing them in imperative languages. Is this true? And if so -- why is it so efficient and easy to write them in functional languages instead of in an imperative language, like C? Also -- isn't a language tool in a functional language slower then in some low-level language like C? Thanks in advance, William v. Doorn

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• Writing .NET in dynamic language?

  - by tillda

  I'm confused by the possibility of writing .NET in dynamic languages, such as (Iron)Ruby. Particularly, I've seen code in IronRuby that used generics (...foo[String]), but I'm not aware of this feature in Ruby as it seems nonsense to me in dynamic languages. So, when I write .NET app in IronRuby, how is it with type safety and compilation? I thought that it is just as dynamic as Ruby everywhere else. I thought that if the Ruby syntax is OK all the type checking would be done at the runtime. Also, as far as I know, .NET itself is type-oriented - there are classes that heavily utilize the mentioned generics. How is this handled? And what about delegates? In dynamic languages I can have almost function-spaghetti and sometimes, its just fine (like hacking UI in javascript). Or do I have to care even about generic delegates?

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• Why are C, C++, and LISP so prevalent in embedded devices and robots?

  - by David

  It seems that the software language skills most sought for embedded devices and robots are C, C++, and LISP. Why haven't more recent languages made inroads into these applications? For example, Erlang would seem particularly well-suited to robotic applications, since it makes concurrent programming easier and allows hot swapping of code. Python would seem to be useful, if for no other reason than its support of multiple programming paradigms. I'm even surprised that Java hasn't made a foray into general robotic programming. I'm sure one argument would be, "Some newer languages are interpreted, not compiled" - implying that compiled languages are quicker and use fewer computational resources. Is this still the case, in a time when we can put a Java Virtual Machine on a cell phone or a SunSpot? (and isn't LISP interpreted anyway?)

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• Help me validate these points regarding Ruby

  - by Bragaadeesh

  Hi, I have started learning Ruby for the past 2,3 weeks and I have come up with some findings on the language. Can someone please validate these points. Implemented in many other high level languages such as C, Java, .Net etc., Is slow for the obvious reason that it cannot beat any of the already known high level languages. Should never be compared with any other high level language. Not suitable for large applications. Completely open source and is in a budding state. Has a framework called Rails which claims that it would be good for Agile development Community out there is getting better day by day and finding help immediately should not be a problem as time goes by. Has significant changes between releases which many developers wont welcome right away. Running time cannot be comprehensively estimated since the language has several underlying implementation in several languages. Books are always outdated by the time when you finish them. Thanks.

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