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  • What's the difference between sudo su - postgres and sudo -u postgres?

    - by Craig Ringer
    PostgreSQL users peer authentication on unix sockets by default, where the unix user must be the same as the PostgreSQL user. So people frequently use su or sudo to become the postgres superuser. I often see people using constructs like: sudo su - postgres rather than sudo -u postgres -i and I'm wondering why. Similarly, I've seen: sudo su - postgres -c psql instead of sudo -u postgres psql Without the leading sudo the su versions would make some sense if you were on an old platform without sudo. But why on a less than prehisoric UNIX or Linux would you use sudo su ?

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  • Memory compatibility?

    - by nvillec
    I'm in the process of building a PC intended mostly for gaming and I've got a few questions. Currently, I only have the motherboard and CPU: Motherboard: GIGABYTE GA-Z68AP-D3 CPU: Intel Core i3-2120 My main question is about memory compatibility. I have 4 Hynix 2GB HMT125U7BFR8C-G7 with light-moderate use laying around and I'd love to save a few bucks if I can. I've read that this is server memory... a) Will that be a problem for PC use? b) Is it compatible with the motherboard? I've emailed Hynix and checked Crucial to no avail. If incompatible, what memory would be a good fit given the components I have? The motherboard has 4 sockets and supports up to 32GB, but I don't know that I have the budget for that at the moment. Thanks!!

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  • Make a socket as a user but make it readable and writable by another

    - by user1598585
    I have a software that is run under user A, this software creates a socket in /sockets and the socket should be readable and writable by user B. I have tried setting the directory to have ownership A:A or A:B but when user A creates the socket, it ends up with uid A and gid A. Using ACLs has not helped so far, the default mask is preventing the rights to be effective. rw permisions for B will always turn into jusr r. If what I make is not a socket it will work fine. How can I best accomplish this task? (It is for a web-server where the web-application makes the socket and the web-server software forwards requests to it)

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  • How do I fix Nginx config to work with multiple hosts of Unicorn?

    - by fred deAlmeida
    I have no problem instantiating multiple instances of unicorn on different unix sockets and ports. Works fine if I do url:port. My problem comes in correctly formatting nginx.conf to allow multipe upstream conditions. Whatever i do does not seem to work. One instance is fine works fine. Multiple gives me a ""upstream" directive is not allowed here error I am using the base nginx sample from the unicorn site. and doubling up the upstream area with differing terms. each is part of the http set. Any help would be amazing!

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  • Cat5 wiring in my home [closed]

    - by Mike
    I have problem with cat5 cabling First I ran a length of cable 30 metres to my bedroom 1 and and connected both ends to a wall sockets internally using my punch down tool, both ends look fine. I also ran a cable from bedroom 1 to bedroom 2 so my son can use same internet connection , i then parallel connected my cables in bedroom 1 against using punch down tool using same colours all the way through. I ran a Ethernet cable from modem to first wall socket close to it then at bedroom end used another Ethernet cable to connect pc, it wouldn't connect to pc so I disconnected bedroom 2 cable from bedroom 1 socket. I connected bedroom 1 to pc and it worked, but how do I connect bedroom 2 (obviously cat 5 cable bedroom 1 to 2 is in place) As soon as I connect one wire from bedroom2 I loose Internet connection!

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  • httpd (no pid file) not running while restarting apache

    - by user59503
    Hi I am working on ubuntu. I got the error messages while try to restart apache. root@XXX:/etc/init.d# sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart * Restarting web server apache2 apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using xxx.xxx.xx.xxx for ServerName httpd (no pid file) not running apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using xxx.xxx.xx.xxx for ServerName (98)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:80 no listening sockets available, shutting down Unable to open logs I got the following message when tried netstat -pant tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 32748 9950/httpd tcp 429 0 xxx.xxx.xx.xxx:80 xxx.xxx.xx.xxx:xxxxx CLOSE_WAIT 0 0

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  • Why change net.inet.tcp.tcbhashsize in FreeBSD?

    - by sh-beta
    In virtually every FreeBSD network tuning document I can find: # /boot/loader.conf net.inet.tcp.tcbhashsize=4096 This is usually paired with some unhelpful statement like "TCP control-block hash table tuning" or "Set this to a reasonable value." man 4 tcp isn't much help either: tcbhashsize Size of the TCP control-block hash table (read-only). This may be tuned using the kernel option TCBHASHSIZE or by setting net.inet.tcp.tcbhashsize in the loader(8). The only document I can find that touches on this mysterious thing is the Protocol Control Block Lookup subsection beneath Transport Layer in Optimizing the FreeBSD IP and TCP Stack, but its description is more about potential bottlenecks in using it. It seems tied to matching new TCP segments to their listening sockets, but I'm not sure how. What exactly is the TCP Control Block used for? Why would you want to set its hash size to 4096 or any other particular number?

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  • Apache will not start after IP change

    - by Doron
    I'm running CentOS 5.8 and I had to change my server's IP address. Afterwards, I'm unable start Apache. I am also running virtualmin. The error I'm receiving is: Failed to start service Starting httpd: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 184.106.146.125 for ServerName (99) Cannot assign requested address: make_sock: could not bind to address 50.56.33.100:8080 no listening sockets available, shutting down Unable to open logs I edited my httpd.conf to point to the new IP address like such: #Listen 12.34.56.78:80 Listen 184.106.146.125:80 And looking at the error it still seems to be referring to the old ip address (50.*).

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  • Address already in use - Amazon AWS

    - by Peter
    I've run into a really weird issue. I was debugging a server 500 error script on our EC2 instance and found that we didn't have ioncube loaders installed. So I went to go install them and I created a new file at /etc/php.d/zend.ini and initially I inserted the value of extension=/usr/local/ioncube/ioncube_loader_lin_5.3.so and restarted httpd at which point it told me: The ionCube Loader is a Zend-Engine extension and not a module Please specify the Loader using 'zend_extension' in php.ini PHP Fatal error: Unable to start ionCube Loader module in Unknown on line 0 So I changed the contents of zend.ini to zend_extension=/usr/...etc. Now when I attempt to restart httpd I get this error: Starting httpd: (98)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80 (98)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:80 no listening sockets available, shutting down Unable to open logs I can't even run /etc/init.d/httpd stop without it erroring. I've since removed zend.ini to see if that's what caused it and it doesn't seem to be. Any ideas?

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  • setting up a private network using linksys router

    - by user287745
    scenerio:- a database server running sql server 2005 and sql server management studio 2005 express editions a web server running IIS 5.0v using windows xp pro. two other computer having windows xp and windows 98 i have a linksys router which i use to access point for wireless (laptop) there are 5 sockets behind it four for clients and one for internet. i would like to setup a LAN- something like a private hosting area with two clients. would should i do? where to connect what and what would the changes in settnigs be. right now it uses dhcp or something to assign ips. where will the webserver be attached to the internet socket? where will the db server be attached? any guide, links, help thank you

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  • libvirt upgrade caused vms to not see drives (boot media not found)

    - by bias
    I upgraded to Ubuntu 12.04.1 and now libvirt (via open nebula) successfully runs vms but they aren't finding the 2 drives (specifically, the boot drive). One is "hd" the other is "cdrom". The machine boots but fails and displays something like "boot media not found hd" (this was in a vnc terminal and I didn't copy the output anywhere so that's not the verbatim message). I tried constructing a new disk using the new version of qemu (via vmbuilder) and this new machine has the same problem as the old machine. In case it matters (I can't see why it would) I'm using open nebula to manage the machines. There's nothing relevant in any of the logs: syslog, libvirtd, oned. Which is to say nothing interesting/anomalous is reported when the machine is brought up. Versions libvirt 0.9.8-2ubuntu17.4 qemu-kvm 1.0+noroms-0ubuntu14.3 The libvirt xml config portions (relavent) <os> <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-1.0'>hvm</type> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> ... <devices> <emulator>/usr/bin/kvm</emulator> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/> <source file='/var/lib/one//203/images/disk.0'/> <target dev='sda' bus='scsi'/> <alias name='scsi0-0-0'/> <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' unit='0'/> </disk> <disk type='file' device='cdrom'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <source file='/var/lib/one//203/images/disk.1'/> <target dev='sdc' bus='scsi'/> <readonly/> <alias name='scsi0-0-2'/> <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' unit='2'/> </disk> <controller type='scsi' index='0'> <alias name='scsi0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/> </controller> <memballoon model='virtio'> <alias name='balloon0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/> </memballoon> ... </devices> The libvirt/qemu log contains 2012-11-25 22:19:24.328+0000: starting up LC_ALL=C PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/bin QEMU_AUDIO_DRV=none /usr/bin/kvm -S -M pc-1.0 -enable-kvm -m 256 -smp 1,sockets=1,cores=1,threads=1 -name one-204 -uuid 4be6c276-19e8-bdc2-e9c9-9ca5352f2be3 -nodefconfig -nodefaults -chardev socket,id=charmonitor,path=/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/one-204.monitor,server,nowait -mon chardev=charmonitor,id=monitor,mode=control -rtc base=utc -no-shutdown -device lsi,id=scsi0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x5 -drive file=/var/lib/one//204/images/disk.0,if=none,id=drive-scsi0-0-0,format=qcow2 -device scsi-disk,bus=scsi0.0,scsi-id=0,drive=drive-scsi0-0-0,id=scsi0-0-0,bootindex=1 -drive file=/var/lib/one//204/images/disk.1,if=none,media=cdrom,id=drive-scsi0-0-2,readonly=on,format=raw -device scsi-disk,bus=scsi0.0,scsi-id=2,drive=drive-scsi0-0-2,id=scsi0-0-2 -netdev tap,fd=18,id=hostnet0 -device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=02:00:c0:a8:00:68,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 -netdev tap,fd=19,id=hostnet1 -device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet1,id=net1,mac=02:00:ad:f0:1b:94,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4 -usb -vnc 0.0.0.0:204 -vga cirrus -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x6 kvm: -device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=02:00:c0:a8:00:68,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3: pci_add_option_rom: failed to find romfile "pxe-rtl8139.rom" kvm: -device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet1,id=net1,mac=02:00:ad:f0:1b:94,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4: pci_add_option_rom: failed to find romfile "pxe-rtl8139.rom"

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  • Why does the CPU usage reach 100% when laptop is plugged in?

    - by Mayank
    I have an HP Elitebook 8440p with Windows 7 Ultimate, i7 Processor and 8 GB RAM. For the last couple of days, when I plug-in my laptop for charging, the CPU usage shoots up to 100% and remains there for around 15 minutes. No offending process shows up in Task Manager/Process Explorer but the laptop is practically unusable for that time. The CPU usage becomes normal when I remove the power cord but shoots up again when plugged back. This is happening with different power adapters/wall sockets so it might not be a faulty adapter issue. Why is this happening and any pointer to resolve this issue?

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  • Examples of applications where messages are guaranteed to turn up imediately

    - by James Hay
    I'm trying to find an example to show where data is sent from somewhere, whether manually or automatically, and is received IMMEDIATELY by the recipient, (doesn't matter whether we're talking mobile, desktop or whatever). An even better example would be where there were multiple recipients for the same message. It doesn't matter what the data is or the context it's used in, only the immediacy of receiving it. I was thinking that there might be some example in finance and the stock markets, but I haven't been able to find any through googling. IM clients are a great example of this and I think I'm basically looking for examples of applications that communicate over sockets. If anyone works on applications of this nature or knows of particular implementations, can you give me a quick run down of the use case and if it's commercial software the name of the software. This is all basically for research purposes so doesn't have to be particularly detailed. If anyone can help, thanks.

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  • Make a socket as an user but make it readable and writable by another

    - by user1598585
    I have a software that is run under user A, this software creates a socket in /sockets and the socket should be readable and writable by user B. I have tried setting the directory to have ownership A:A or A:B but when user A creates the socket, it ends up with uid A and gid A. Using ACLs has not helped so far, the default mask is preventing the rights to be effective. rw permisions for B will always turn into jusr r. If what I make is not a socket it will work fine. How can I best accomplish this task? (It is for a web-server where the web-application makes the socket and the web-server software forwards requests to it)

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  • How do I fix Nginx config to work with multiple hosts of Unicorn?

    - by fred deAlmeida
    I have no problem instantiating multiple instances of unicorn on different unix sockets and ports. Works fine if I do url:port. My problem comes in correctly formatting nginx.conf to allow multipe upstream conditions. Whatever i do does not seem to work. One instance is fine works fine. Multiple gives me a ""upstream" directive is not allowed here error I am using the base nginx sample from the unicorn site. and doubling up the upstream area with differing terms. each is part of the http set. Any help would be amazing!

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  • kvm process has too large a memory footprint on host

    - by gucki
    I'm using latest ubuntu quantal and start a kvm guest which should have 2048 MB of memory. Now after a few hours I can see that the kvm process of this guest is around 2700 MB, so 700 MB more than the guest should be able to consume. I mean a small overhead like 1% would be ok, but not 30%?! root 8631 74.0 22.2 4767484 2752336 ? Sl Nov07 512:58 kvm -cpu kvm64 -smp sockets=1,cores=2 -cpu kvm64 -m 2048 -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=drive-virtio0,id=virtio0,bus=pci.0,addr=0xa,bootindex=100 -drive file=rbd:data/vm-disk-1,if=none,id=drive-virtio0,cache=writeback,aio=native -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=net0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x12,id=net0,mac=02:7a:86:e6:1a:6c,bootindex=200 -netdev type=tap,id=net0,vhost=on -usbdevice tablet -nodefaults -enable-kvm -daemonize -boot menu=on -vga cirrus root 8694 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Nov07 0:00 [kvm-pit/8631] How is this possible and how to prevent it?

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  • Remove Windows 7's limitation on number of concurrent tcp connections (http web requests)

    - by Ghita
    I have an application that tries to open as many http requests as possible (in order to stress test a proxy implementation) It seems to me that Win7 (SP1) may have a limitation on number of concurrent opened connection (it may be the so called half-open state if I'm not wrong). Is there something I can do for client ? and also I test using a vista PC that acts as a proxy server. It would be great if I could configure it to sustain at least 50 new connections initiated / second on client side and many more on server. I made the modification according to this technet article by setting TcpNumConnections = 150 but it doesn't make a difference. I still only see about 20 tcp sockets associated with my http client by using tcpview.

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  • Do TCP/UDP connections add to the Windows incoming connection limit?

    - by user47899
    Hi all, I've tried to figure out what Microsoft means by "Windows sockets" and it all seems very vague. Basically we have customers that sometimes try to set up workgroups with close to 10 Windows XP computers with drive and printer shares and we're worried that some of the non-Windows Ethernet devices on the network will cause issues with the inbound connection limit outlined here where only 10 inbound connections can be active at one time. For example, there is an Ethernet Caller ID device that broadcasts UDP packets to all computers, and a kitchen display system that likewise broadcasts UDP. They may also have incoming TCP packets for our custom online ordering module. Do these TCP/UDP connections count toward the inbound connection limit? I'm aware that Windows 7 has increased the limit to 20 but we might have future customers that will push that limit. Thanks in advance

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  • wireless printer - entering WPA - is there a quicker way?

    - by camcam
    I have a wireless printer (Brother DCP-585CW). The wireless setup instruction says I should enter the WPA key to the printer. The key is entered using up and down buttons on the printer. So, I am supposed to enter 64 characters using up and down buttons. To enter 1 character, it takes on average (24+10)/2 = 17 times pressing the button (digits start after 24 letters). So 17*64 = 1088 times. Is there a quicker way to setup a wireless printer? Maybe there is a Windows program that discovers printers connected to computer through USB or Ethernet (my printer has both sockets) and allows to pre-configure it for wireless usage (enter the long WPA key)? Update There is BRAdmin program and it allows to set up almost all wireless settings... almost - all except WPA :(

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  • No SATA drives after PSU Upgrade

    - by hauptbenutzer
    I know this sounds a lot like this but I just confirmed that my MBR is fine as well as the SSD drive in question. What happened: I upgraded my be-quiet 700w PSU to the 1000w dark power pro. When I tried booting the system and none of the drives (all SATA) were detected, resulting in the "Boot device failure" error. After that I unplugged all but the boot drive, triple checked that all cables were in fact nice and tight inside their sockets, replaced both e-SATA and power cables ; still with the same outcome. Finally I reconnected my old PSU and sure enough the PC booted without any hassle (except of course for the direful construction that is currently occupying my desk). Does anybody have any advice on how to proceed? Surely, it is possible the PSU is faulty but are there other explanations? Thanks in advance PS. if of any help: Motherboard is GIGABYTE GA-PH67A-UD3-B3 H67 LGA 1155

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  • MaxConnections: is it a Client or Request count?

    - by ctacke
    IIS allows me to set a MaxConnections value in the configuration. What is unclear (to me anyway) is what that number means exactly, and I can't find a definitive documented answer. Is this the maximum number of clients that connect simultaneously, or is the maximum number of requests that can be running concurrently? For example, if I have a page that loads up some images, CSS files, scripts and content, each of those could reasonably be on a separate request socket with a modern browser. Is each of those sockets counted against the "max", or is it counted only as 1 since they are all requests from the same client address?

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  • spring JDBC

    - by Adhir
    I am getting the following exception whe using derby to do a UPDATE in oracle Database org.springframework.jdbc.CannotGetJdbcConnectionException: Could not get JDBC Connection; nested exception is org.apache.derby.client.am.DisconnectException: A communication error has been detected. Communication protocol being used: Reply.fill(). Communication API being used: InputStream.read(). Location where the error was detected: insufficient data. Communication function detecting the error: *. Protocol specific error codes(s) TCP/IP SOCKETS at org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils.getConnection(DataSourceUtils.java:82) at org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate.execute(JdbcTemplate.java:522) at org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate.update(JdbcTemplate.java:737) at org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate.update(JdbcTemplate.java:795) at org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate.update(JdbcTemplate.java:803) at com.poc.data.dao.UserDerbyDao.create(UserDerbyDao.java:19) at com.poc.register.RegisterUtil.registerUser(RegisterUtil.java:34) at com.poc.service.MyService.doRegister(MyService.java:108) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source) at com.sun.jersey.server.impl.model.method.dispatch.AbstractResourceMethodDispatchProvider$ResponseOutInvoker._dispatch(AbstractResourceMethodDispatchProvider.java:175) at com.sun.jersey.server.impl.model.method.dispatch.ResourceJavaMethodDispatcher.dispatch(ResourceJavaMethodDispatcher.java:67) at com.sun.jersey.server.impl.uri.rules.HttpMethodRule.accept(HttpMethodRule.java:166) at com.sun.jersey.server.impl.uri.rules.RightHandPathRule.accept(RightHandPathRule.java:114) at com.sun.jersey.server.impl.uri.rules.ResourceClassRule.accept(ResourceClassRule.java:74) at com.sun.jersey.server.impl.uri.rules.RightHandPathRule.accept(RightHandPathRule.java:114) at com.sun.jersey.server.impl.uri.rules.RootResourceClassesRule.accept(RootResourceClassesRule.java:66) at com.sun.jersey.server.impl.application.WebApplicationImpl._handleRequest(WebApplicationImpl.java:658) at com.sun.jersey.server.impl.application.WebApplicationImpl.handleRequest(WebApplicationImpl.java:616) at com.sun.jersey.server.impl.application.WebApplicationImpl.handleRequest(WebApplicationImpl.java:607) at com.sun.jersey.spi.container.servlet.WebComponent.service(WebComponent.java:309) at com.sun.jersey.spi.container.servlet.ServletContainer.service(ServletContainer.java:425) at com.sun.jersey.spi.container.servlet.ServletContainer.service(ServletContainer.java:590) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:806) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:233) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:191) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:128) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:102) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:286) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:845) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11Protocol.java:583) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$Worker.run(JIoEndpoint.java:447) at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source) Caused by: org.apache.derby.client.am.DisconnectException: A communication error has been detected. Communication protocol being used: Reply.fill(). Communication API being used: InputStream.read(). Location where the error was detected: insufficient data. Communication function detecting the error: *. Protocol specific error codes(s) TCP/IP SOCKETS at org.apache.derby.client.net.NetAgent.throwCommunicationsFailure(Unknown Source) at org.apache.derby.client.net.Reply.fill(Unknown Source) at org.apache.derby.client.net.Reply.ensureALayerDataInBuffer(Unknown Source) at org.apache.derby.client.net.Reply.readDssHeader(Unknown Source) at org.apache.derby.client.net.Reply.startSameIdChainParse(Unknown Source) at org.apache.derby.client.net.NetConnectionReply.readExchangeServerAttributes(Unknown Source) at org.apache.derby.client.net.NetConnection.readServerAttributesAndKeyExchange(Unknown Source) at org.apache.derby.client.net.NetConnection.flowServerAttributesAndKeyExchange(Unknown Source) at org.apache.derby.client.net.NetConnection.flowUSRIDPWDconnect(Unknown Source) at org.apache.derby.client.net.NetConnection.flowConnect(Unknown Source) at org.apache.derby.client.net.NetConnection.(Unknown Source) at org.apache.derby.jdbc.ClientDriver.connect(Unknown Source) at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(Unknown Source) at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(Unknown Source) at org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource.getConnectionFromDriverManager(DriverManagerDataSource.java:291) at org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource.getConnectionFromDriverManager(DriverManagerDataSource.java:277) at org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource.getConnectionFromDriverManager(DriverManagerDataSource.java:259) at org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource.getConnection(DriverManagerDataSource.java:240) at org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils.doGetConnection(DataSourceUtils.java:113) at org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils.getConnection(DataSourceUtils.java:79) ... 37 more Any help Thanks in advance Adhir

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  • How do I get through proxy server environments for non-standard services?

    - by Ripred
    I'm not real hip on exactly what role(s) today's proxy servers can play and I'm learning so go easy on me :-) I have a client/server system I have written using a homegrown protocol and need to enhance the client side to negotiate its way out of a proxy environment. I have an existing client and server system written in C and C++ for the speed and a small amount of MFC in the client to handle the user interface. I have written both the server and client side of the system on Windows (the people I work for are mainly web developers using Windows everything - not a choice) sticking to Berkeley Sockets as it were via wsock32 for efficiency. The clients connect to the server through a nonstandard port (even though using port 80 is an option to get out of some environments but the protocol that goes over it isn't HTTP). The TCP connection(s) stay open for the duration of the clients participation in real time conferences. Our customer base is expanding to all kinds of networked environments. I have been able to solve a lot of problems by adding the ability to connect securely over port 443 and using secure sockets which allows the protocol to pass through a lot environments since the internal packets can't be sniffed. But more and more of our customers are behind a proxy server environment and my direct connections don't make it through. My old school understanding of proxy servers is that they act as a proxy for external HTML content over HTTP, possibly locally caching popular material for faster local access, and also allowing their IT staff to blacklist certain destination sites. Customer are complaining that my software doesn't recognize and easily navigate its way through their proxy environments but I'm finding it difficult to decide what my "best fit" solution should be. My software doesn't tear down the connection after each client request, and on top of that packets can come from either side at any time, basically your typical custom client/server system for a specific niche. My first reaction is "why can't they just add my servers addresses to their white list" but if there is a programmatic way I can get through without requiring their IT staff to help it is politically better and arguably a better solution anyway. Plus maybe I'm still not understanding the role and purpose of what proxy servers and environments have grown to be these days. My first attempt at a solution was to use WinInet with its various proxy capabilities to establish a connection over port 80 to my non-standard protocol server (which knows enough to recognize and answer a simple HTTP-looking GET request and answer it with a simple HTTP response page to get around some environments that employ initial packet sniffing (DPI)). I retrieved the actual SOCKET handle behind WinInet's HINTERNET request object and had hoped to use that in place of my software's existing SOCKET connection and hopefully not need to change much more on the client side. It initially seemed to be my solution but on further inspection it seems that the OS gets first-chance at the received data on this socket since when I get notified of events via the standard select(...) statement on the socket and query the size of the data available via ioctlsocket the call succeeds but returns 0 bytes available, the reads don't work and it goes downhill from there. Can someone tell me of a client-side library (commercial is fine) will let me get past these proxy server environments with as little user and IT staff help as possible? From what I read it has grown past SOCKS and I figure someone has to have solved this problem before me. Thanks for reading my long-winded question, Ripred

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  • Android chess development design [on hold]

    - by Plejo
    I want to develop human vs human android chess game and I have bunch of new questions. I would like to have screen where online players are shown(nickname, rating) and when player challenge antoher player and he accpet it game begins. These are my questions: When player install application, does he have to create account/login or does every instance of installed application have some kind of ID so I can recognize it on server side? I want to have also ratings of players saved in my DB so login procedure will probably be necessary. When player connects to server server updates online players list. When he challenge another player and he accept server exchange ip`s(and ports? which port to use?) between players. Then they connect to each other and game begins. What is best practice for connection between server-android and android-android? Probably sockets, right? Is there any library for handling lost connection etc.? Which server do you recommend?

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  • The dynamic Type in C# Simplifies COM Member Access from Visual FoxPro

    - by Rick Strahl
    I’ve written quite a bit about Visual FoxPro interoperating with .NET in the past both for ASP.NET interacting with Visual FoxPro COM objects as well as Visual FoxPro calling into .NET code via COM Interop. COM Interop with Visual FoxPro has a number of problems but one of them at least got a lot easier with the introduction of dynamic type support in .NET. One of the biggest problems with COM interop has been that it’s been really difficult to pass dynamic objects from FoxPro to .NET and get them properly typed. The only way that any strong typing can occur in .NET for FoxPro components is via COM type library exports of Visual FoxPro components. Due to limitations in Visual FoxPro’s type library support as well as the dynamic nature of the Visual FoxPro language where few things are or can be described in the form of a COM type library, a lot of useful interaction between FoxPro and .NET required the use of messy Reflection code in .NET. Reflection is .NET’s base interface to runtime type discovery and dynamic execution of code without requiring strong typing. In FoxPro terms it’s similar to EVALUATE() functionality albeit with a much more complex API and corresponiding syntax. The Reflection APIs are fairly powerful, but they are rather awkward to use and require a lot of code. Even with the creation of wrapper utility classes for common EVAL() style Reflection functionality dynamically access COM objects passed to .NET often is pretty tedious and ugly. Let’s look at a simple example. In the following code I use some FoxPro code to dynamically create an object in code and then pass this object to .NET. An alternative to this might also be to create a new object on the fly by using SCATTER NAME on a database record. How the object is created is inconsequential, other than the fact that it’s not defined as a COM object – it’s a pure FoxPro object that is passed to .NET. Here’s the code: *** Create .NET COM InstanceloNet = CREATEOBJECT('DotNetCom.DotNetComPublisher') *** Create a Customer Object Instance (factory method) loCustomer = GetCustomer() loCustomer.Name = "Rick Strahl" loCustomer.Company = "West Wind Technologies" loCustomer.creditLimit = 9999999999.99 loCustomer.Address.StreetAddress = "32 Kaiea Place" loCustomer.Address.Phone = "808 579-8342" loCustomer.Address.Email = "[email protected]" *** Pass Fox Object and echo back values ? loNet.PassRecordObject(loObject) RETURN FUNCTION GetCustomer LOCAL loCustomer, loAddress loCustomer = CREATEOBJECT("EMPTY") ADDPROPERTY(loCustomer,"Name","") ADDPROPERTY(loCustomer,"Company","") ADDPROPERTY(loCUstomer,"CreditLimit",0.00) ADDPROPERTY(loCustomer,"Entered",DATETIME()) loAddress = CREATEOBJECT("Empty") ADDPROPERTY(loAddress,"StreetAddress","") ADDPROPERTY(loAddress,"Phone","") ADDPROPERTY(loAddress,"Email","") ADDPROPERTY(loCustomer,"Address",loAddress) RETURN loCustomer ENDFUNC Now prior to .NET 4.0 you’d have to access this object passed to .NET via Reflection and the method code to do this would looks something like this in the .NET component: public string PassRecordObject(object FoxObject) { // *** using raw Reflection string Company = (string) FoxObject.GetType().InvokeMember( "Company", BindingFlags.GetProperty,null, FoxObject,null); // using the easier ComUtils wrappers string Name = (string) ComUtils.GetProperty(FoxObject,"Name"); // Getting Address object – then getting child properties object Address = ComUtils.GetProperty(FoxObject,"Address");    string Street = (string) ComUtils.GetProperty(FoxObject,"StreetAddress"); // using ComUtils 'Ex' functions you can use . Syntax     string StreetAddress = (string) ComUtils.GetPropertyEx(FoxObject,"AddressStreetAddress"); return Name + Environment.NewLine + Company + Environment.NewLine + StreetAddress + Environment.NewLine + " FOX"; } Note that the FoxObject is passed in as type object which has no specific type. Since the object doesn’t exist in .NET as a type signature the object is passed without any specific type information as plain non-descript object. To retrieve a property the Reflection APIs like Type.InvokeMember or Type.GetProperty().GetValue() etc. need to be used. I made this code a little simpler by using the Reflection Wrappers I mentioned earlier but even with those ComUtils calls the code is pretty ugly requiring passing the objects for each call and casting each element. Using .NET 4.0 Dynamic Typing makes this Code a lot cleaner Enter .NET 4.0 and the dynamic type. Replacing the input parameter to the .NET method from type object to dynamic makes the code to access the FoxPro component inside of .NET much more natural: public string PassRecordObjectDynamic(dynamic FoxObject) { // *** using raw Reflection string Company = FoxObject.Company; // *** using the easier ComUtils class string Name = FoxObject.Name; // *** using ComUtils 'ex' functions to use . Syntax string Address = FoxObject.Address.StreetAddress; return Name + Environment.NewLine + Company + Environment.NewLine + Address + Environment.NewLine + " FOX"; } As you can see the parameter is of type dynamic which as the name implies performs Reflection lookups and evaluation on the fly so all the Reflection code in the last example goes away. The code can use regular object ‘.’ syntax to reference each of the members of the object. You can access properties and call methods this way using natural object language. Also note that all the type casts that were required in the Reflection code go away – dynamic types like var can infer the type to cast to based on the target assignment. As long as the type can be inferred by the compiler at compile time (ie. the left side of the expression is strongly typed) no explicit casts are required. Note that although you get to use plain object syntax in the code above you don’t get Intellisense in Visual Studio because the type is dynamic and thus has no hard type definition in .NET . The above example calls a .NET Component from VFP, but it also works the other way around. Another frequent scenario is an .NET code calling into a FoxPro COM object that returns a dynamic result. Assume you have a FoxPro COM object returns a FoxPro Cursor Record as an object: DEFINE CLASS FoxData AS SESSION OlePublic cAppStartPath = "" FUNCTION INIT THIS.cAppStartPath = ADDBS( JustPath(Application.ServerName) ) SET PATH TO ( THIS.cAppStartpath ) ENDFUNC FUNCTION GetRecord(lnPk) LOCAL loCustomer SELECT * FROM tt_Cust WHERE pk = lnPk ; INTO CURSOR TCustomer IF _TALLY < 1 RETURN NULL ENDIF SCATTER NAME loCustomer MEMO RETURN loCustomer ENDFUNC ENDDEFINE If you call this from a .NET application you can now retrieve this data via COM Interop and cast the result as dynamic to simplify the data access of the dynamic FoxPro type that was created on the fly: int pk = 0; int.TryParse(Request.QueryString["id"],out pk); // Create Fox COM Object with Com Callable Wrapper FoxData foxData = new FoxData(); dynamic foxRecord = foxData.GetRecord(pk); string company = foxRecord.Company; DateTime entered = foxRecord.Entered; This code looks simple and natural as it should be – heck you could write code like this in days long gone by in scripting languages like ASP classic for example. Compared to the Reflection code that previously was necessary to run similar code this is much easier to write, understand and maintain. For COM interop and Visual FoxPro operation dynamic type support in .NET 4.0 is a huge improvement and certainly makes it much easier to deal with FoxPro code that calls into .NET. Regardless of whether you’re using COM for calling Visual FoxPro objects from .NET (ASP.NET calling a COM component and getting a dynamic result returned) or whether FoxPro code is calling into a .NET COM component from a FoxPro desktop application. At one point or another FoxPro likely ends up passing complex dynamic data to .NET and for this the dynamic typing makes coding much cleaner and more readable without having to create custom Reflection wrappers. As a bonus the dynamic runtime that underlies the dynamic type is fairly efficient in terms of making Reflection calls especially if members are repeatedly accessed. © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2010Posted in COM  FoxPro  .NET  CSharp  

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