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• Xen hipervisor 4.1 Kernel Panic on Ubuntu 12.04

  - by rkmax

  I have a fresh Ubuntu 12.04.1 amd64 server install following this guide I have used LVM option used all disk and make 2 LV /dev/mapper/vg-root / (80GB) vg-swap swap (4GB) now i install xen with apt-get install xen-hypervisor-4.1-amd64 and config /etc/default/grub like the guide and add GRUB_CMDLINE_XEN_DEFAULT="dom0_mem=768M" later all this i exec update-grub and reboot. but when i try to boot with Xen 4.1-amd64 always i get a kernel panic with the message Domain-0 allocation is too small for kernel image my questions are: this error is about what? where i can grow this allocation for avoid this error? grub.cfg menuentry 'Ubuntu GNU/Linux, with Xen 4.1-amd64 and Linux 3.2.0-29-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --class xen { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,gpt2)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 3541e241-7f39-4ebe-8d99-c5306294c266 echo 'Loading Xen 4.1-amd64 ...' multiboot /xen-4.1-amd64.gz placeholder dom0_mem=768M echo 'Loading Linux 3.2.0-29-generic ...' module /vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic placeholder root=/dev/mapper/backup--xen-root ro rootdelay=180 echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' module /initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic } Note: I've followed this guide too

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• How to add a Linux Partition on FreeBSD

  - by Ömer

  Today I installed FreeBSD 9.0 PPC on my Mac mini G4 with 40GB HDD. During installation, (using the FSBD utility 'gpart') I have allocated a total of about 23GB for FreeBSD leaving 17GB totally free (neither partitioned, nor formatted) for a later Linux installation. Now, when try to install Linux (Ubuntu 10.10 PPC) on the remaining 17GB, the Linux/Ubuntu installer (or Linux's Disk Utility for the same matter) wants presumably a linux partition and when I try to add a (Linux) partition on that area using Linux DU it fails with this message: Error creating partition: helper exited with exit code 1: In part_add_partition: device_file=/dev/hda, start=23363101696, size=16644660224, type= Entering MS-DOS parser (offset=0, size=40007761920) No MSDOS_MAGIC found Exiting MS-DOS parser Entering Apple parser Mac MAGIC found, block_size=512 map_count = 17 Leaving Apple parser Apple partition table detected containing partition table scheme = 2 got it Error: The partition's data region doesn't occupy the entire partition. ped_disk_new() failed Now, I'm trying to add a Linux partition on FreeBSD running on the harddisk. I use seemingly most suitable tool for this job: gpart. Here is the 'gpart show ad0' But it seems unable to add a Linux partition because "man gpart" doesn't list either "Linux Partition" nor anything like Ext2 or Ext3/Ext4. The closest thing to Linux Partition in gpart is "mbr" but it doesn't work: #gpart add -t mbr ado So, how to add properly a Linux Partition on FreeBSD? Thanks.

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• Why is mkfs overwriting the LUKS encryption header on LVM on RAID partitions on Ubuntu 12.04?

  - by Starchy

  I'm trying to setup a couple of LUKS-encrypted partitions to be mounted after boot-time on a new Ubuntu server which was installed with LVM on top of software RAID. After running cryptsetup luksFormat, the LUKS header is clearly visible on the volume. After running any flavor of mkfs, the header is overwritten (which does not happen on other systems that were setup without LVM), and cryptsetup will no longer recognize the device as a LUKS device. # cryptsetup -y --cipher aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 --key-size 256 luksFormat /dev/dm-1 WARNING! ======== This will overwrite data on /dev/dm-1 irrevocably. Are you sure? (Type uppercase yes): YES Enter LUKS passphrase: Verify passphrase: # hexdump -C /dev/dm-1|head -n5 00000000 4c 55 4b 53 ba be 00 01 61 65 73 00 00 00 00 00 |LUKS....aes.....| 00000010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00000020 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 63 62 63 2d 65 73 73 69 |........cbc-essi| 00000030 76 3a 73 68 61 32 35 36 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |v:sha256........| 00000040 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 73 68 61 31 00 00 00 00 |........sha1....| # cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/dm-1 web2-var # mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/web2-var [..snip..] Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done # hexdump -C /dev/dm-1|head -n5 # cryptsetup luksClose /dev/mapper/web2-var 00000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00000400 00 40 5d 00 00 88 74 01 66 a0 12 00 17 f2 6d 01 |.@]...t.f.....m.| 00000410 f5 3f 5d 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 |.?].............| 00000420 00 80 00 00 00 80 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 |......... ......| # cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/dm-1 web2-var Device /dev/dm-1 is not a valid LUKS device. I have also tried mkfs.ext2 with the same result. Based on setups I've done successfully on Debian and Ubuntu (but not LVM or Ubuntu 12.04), it's hard to see why this is failing.

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• ext4 filesystem corruption -- maybe hardware error?

  - by pts

  I'm getting these errors in dmesg after about half an hour after I turn on the computer: [ 1355.677957] EXT4-fs error (device sda2): htree_dirblock_to_tree: inode #1318420: (comm updatedb.mlocat) bad entry in directory: directory entry across blocks - block=5251700offset=0(0), inode=1802725748, rec_len=179136, name_len=32 [ 1355.677973] Aborting journal on device sda2-8. [ 1355.678101] EXT4-fs (sda2): Remounting filesystem read-only [ 1355.690144] EXT4-fs error (device sda2): htree_dirblock_to_tree: inode #1318416: (comm updatedb.mlocat) bad entry in directory: directory entry across blocks - block=5251699offset=0(0), inode=2194783952, rec_len=53280, name_len=152 [ 1356.864720] EXT4-fs error (device sda2): htree_dirblock_to_tree: inode #1312795: (comm updatedb.mlocat) bad entry in directory: directory entry across blocks - block=5251176offset=1460(13748), inode=1432317541, rec_len=208208, name_len=119 /dev/sda is an SSD, and it's using the noop scheduler. /etc/fstab entry: UUID=acb4eefa-48ff-4ee1-bb5f-2dccce7d011f / ext4 errors=remount-ro,noatime,discard,user_xattr 0 1 System information: $ cat /proc/mounts | grep /dev/sd /dev/sda1 /boot ext2 rw,noatime,errors=continue 0 0 $ cat /etc/lsb-release DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=10.04 DISTRIB_CODENAME=lucid DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 10.04.3 LTS" $ uname -a Linux leetpad 2.6.35-30-generic-pae #61~lucid1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Oct 13 21:14:29 UTC 2011 i686 GNU/Linux I've run memtest for 7 hours, it didn't found any memory errors. Any obvious ideas what can go wrong in this case? The most reasonable thing I can imagine is that the SSD is silently dropping some write requests, which eventually leads to an EXT4 filesystem inconsistency (but no disk I/O errors). How can this happen? Is there a relevant configuration option I should ensure to be set correctly? What tools should I use to diagnose the hardware failures? Would it be possible to diagnose the SSD failure without overwriting data?

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• Getting Grub2 to recognize a Raid 10 boot/root

  - by xenoterracide

  I've been trying to get my raid to boot from grub2 for about 2 days now and I don't seem to be getting closer. The problem appears to be that it doesn't recognize my raid at all. It doesn't see (md0) etc. I'm not sure Why or how to change this. I'm using mdadm, 2 device (essentially a raid1) raid10,f2, which is currently degraded. I have tried adding the raid and mdraid modules with grub install along with others. I've tried several variation on grub-install such as grub-install --debug --no-floppy --modules="biosdisk part_msdos chain raid mdraid ext2 linux search ata normal" /dev/md0 I've been searching the net for an answer to what I haven't done but no luck. On my other drive which I plan on removing the raid is initialized and mounted fine on boot, but it's not the boot/root for that setup. My grub.cfg isn't recognized by grub since it can't read the raid partition so I'm not posting that. md0 is not listed in my /boot/grub/device.map.

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• linux hardware raid 10 / lvm / virtual machine partition alignment and filesystem optimization

  - by Jason Ward

  I've been reading everything I can find about partition alignment and filesystem optimization (ext4 and xfs) but still don't know enough to be confident in setting up my current configuration. My remaining confusion comes from the LVM layer and if I should use raid parameters on the filesystem in guest os'es. My main questions are: When I use 'pvcreate --dataalignment' do I use the stripe-width as calculated for a filesystem on RAID (128kB for ext4 in my situation), the Stripe size of the RAID set (256kB), something else altogether, or do I not need this? When I create ext2/3/4 or xfs filesystems in guests on the Logical Volumes, should I add the settings for the underlying RAID (e.g. mkfs.ext4 -b 4096 -E stride=64,stripe-width=128)? Does anyone see any glaring errors in my set up below? I'm running some benchmarks now but haven't done enough to start comparing results. I have four drives in RAID 10 on a 3ware 9750-4i controller (more details on the settings below) giving me a 6.0TB device at /dev/sda. Here is my partition table: Model: LSI 9750-4i DISK (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 5722024MiB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1.00MiB 257MiB 256MiB ext4 BOOTPART boot 2 257MiB 4353MiB 4096MiB linux-swap(v1) 3 4353MiB 266497MiB 262144MiB ext4 4 266497MiB 4460801MiB 4194304MiB Partition 1 is to be the /boot partition for my xen host. Partition 2 is swap. Partition 3 is to be the root (/) for my xen host. Partition 4 is to be (the only) physical volume to be used by LVM (for those who are counting, I left about 1.2TB unallocated for now) For my Xen guests, I usually create a Logical Volume of the needed size and present it to the guests for them to partition as needed. I know there are other ways of handling that but this method works best for my situation. Here's the hardware of interest on my CentOS 6.3 Xen Host: 4x Seagate Barracuda 3TB ST3000DM001 Drives (sector size: 512 logical/4096 physical) 3ware 9750-4i w/BBU (sector size reported: 512 logical/512 physical) All four drives make up a RAID 10 array. Stripe: 256kB Write Cache enabled Read Cache: intelligent StoreSave: Balance Thanks!

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• How to set up GRUB2 chainloader to other Grub (Fedora, Debian) on GPT

  - by basic6

  I'm trying to set up a dedicated GRUB2 which (chain-)loads another GRUB on a disk with GPT partition table. Relevant partitions: /dev/sda1 BIOS_BOOT /dev/sda2 BOOT (ext2) /dev/sda3 FEDORA (ext4) /dev/sda6 DEBIAN (ext4) I installed Fedora first, using /dev/sda2 as boot partition. Then I installed Debian. The Debian installer recognized the Fedora installation and added it as boot entry, then installed its GRUB into the MBR. While this works for the moment, it's pretty messy, because every Debian update may change the boot config, removing the Fedora entry (tried it) and the other way around. That's why I want both systems to have their own boot loader and one main boot loader (that could reside on /dev/sda2), which loads one of them. This is what I've tried: Moved everything from /dev/sda2 to /dev/sda3/boot Removed /boot mount point in Fedora (so /dev/sda2 isn't used anymore) From a live Linux, installed GRUB2 to the MBR (grub-install --boot-directory=sda2 /dev/sda) Wrote a menu.lst: title Fedora root (hd0,2) chainloader +1 (Again, for Debian) Converted that to a grub.cfg script (grub-menu2cfg or something like that) When booting, actually got a GRUB2 menu with "Fedora" (and "Debian") When selecting any one of those: error: invalid signature Issued "grub-install /dev/sda6" (and ...sda3) from all kinds of live Linux systems, all of which failed with another error message (in the case of the Debian installer, without explanation at all) Added --force to the chainloader line, now it says "loading", then reboots Found douzens of howtos, none of which seem to work for me Since I get the self-made GRUB2 menu on bootup, I've at least successfully installed the first stage of GRUB, right? When trying to chainload, some signature is checked and seems to be wrong - how do I fix it? The boot menus (Fedora with its different Kernel versions and Debian with Debian and Fedora as well) are now on the system partitions (/dev/sda3, /dev/sda6), is there anything else to do on these partitions, so they can be chainloaded? Any help is greatly appreciated.

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• RAID6 mdraid -> LVM -> EXT4 root with GRUB2?

  - by Rotonen

  2012-03-31 Debian Wheezy daily build in VirtualBox 4.1.2, 6 disk devices. My steps to reproduce so far: Setup one partition, using the entire disk, as a physical volume for RAID, per disk Setup a single RAID6 mdraid array out of all of those Use the resulting md0 as the only physical volume for the volume group Setup your logical volumes, filesystems and mount points as you wish Install your system Both / and /boot will be in this stack. I've chosen EXT4 as my filesystem for this setup. I can get as far as GRUB2 rescue console, which can see the mdraid, the volume group and the LVM logical volumes (all named appropriately on all levels) on it, but I cannot ls the filesystem contents of any of those and I cannot boot from them. As far as I can see from the documentation the version of GRUB2 shipped there should handle all of this gracefully. http://packages.debian.org/wheezy/grub-pc (1.99-17 at the time of writing.) It is loading the ext2, raid, raid6rec, dosmbr (this one is in the list of modules once per disk) and lvm modules according to the generated grub.cfg file. Also it is defining the list of modules to be loaded twice in the generated grub.cfg file and according to quick Googling around this seems to be the norm and OK for GRUB2. How to get further by getting GRUB2 to actually be able to read the content of the filesystems and boot the system? What am I wrong about in my assumptions of functionality here? EDIT (2012-04-01) My generated grub.cfg: http://pastie.org/3708436 It seems it first makes my /usr logical volume the root and that might be source of the failure? A grub-mkconfig bug? Or is it supposed to get access to stuff from /usr before / and /boot? /boot is on / for me - no separate boot logical volume.

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• Ext3 fs: Block bitmap for group 1 not in group (block 0). is fs dead?

  - by ip

  My company has a server with one big partition with Mysql database and php files. Now this partition seems to be corrupted, as reported from kernel messages when I tried to mount it manually: [329862.817837] EXT3-fs error (device loop1): ext3_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 1 not in group (block 0)! [329862.817846] EXT3-fs: group descriptors corrupted! I've tried to recovery it running tools from a PLD livecd. These are the tools I have tested: - e2retrieve - testdisk - photorec - dd_rescue/dd_rhelp - ddrescue - fsck.ext2 - e2salvage without any success. dumpe2fs 1.41.3 (12-Oct-2008) Filesystem volume name: /dev/sda3 Last mounted on: <not available> Filesystem UUID: dd51610b-6de0-4392-a6f3-67160dbc0343 Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: has_journal filetype sparse_super Default mount options: (none) Filesystem state: not clean with errors Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 9502720 Block count: 18987570 Reserved block count: 949378 Free blocks: 11555345 Free inodes: 11858398 First block: 0 Block size: 4096 Fragment size: 4096 Blocks per group: 32768 Fragments per group: 32768 Inodes per group: 16384 Inode blocks per group: 512 Last mount time: Wed Mar 24 09:31:03 2010 Last write time: Mon Apr 12 11:46:32 2010 Mount count: 10 Maximum mount count: 30 Last checked: Thu Jan 1 01:00:00 1970 Check interval: 0 (<none>) Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 128 Journal inode: 8 Journal backup: inode blocks dumpe2fs: A block group is missing an inode table while reading journal inode e2fsck 1.41.3 (12-Oct-2008) fsck.ext3: Group descriptors look bad... trying backup blocks... fsck.ext3: A block group is missing an inode table while checking ext3 journal for /dev/sda3 I tried also backup superblocks, same error result. There's any other tools I have to test before considering these disk definitely unrecoverable? Many thanks, ip

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• Missing MB on a GPT partioned SSD

  - by pisswillis

  I recently installed Arch Linux on an Intel 40GB SSD. I used GPT for partioning (via GNU parted) and created the following partions: /dev/sda1 : 1 MB, no FS, flag=bios_grub /dev/sda2 : 30MB, /boot, ext2, flag=boot /dev/sda3 : 20GB, /home, ext4 /dev/sda4 : ~20GB, /, ext4 After struggling to install grub2 from the livecd environment (which I finally did via grub-install /dev/sda --root-directory=/mnt/ --no-floppy --force) I got a working system. However, when I was inspecting disk usage with df I noticed that my home partition had around 170MB of used space on it. This surprised me because the only things on /home were one users .bashrc, .bash_history, and .lesshst. du confirmed that there was only a few KB of space being used on /home. Why does df report approximately 170MB being used when du does not? Is this space "gone forever", or can I regain it by repartioning and/or reinstalling? When I installed grub2 it said something along the lines of "your embed area is too small", and that I could "use BLOCKLISTS, but BLOCKLISTS are UNRELIABLE". In the end the only way I could get a system booting from the SSD was to use blocklists via the grub-install --force flag. Is this related to the mysterious missing 170MB? Thanks

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• Having trouble with a workaround, for booting from a usb stick, using grub and a minimal linux kernel to load usb drivers

  - by s hanley

  I'm trying to boot from a usb stick. I formatted it to fat32, and later to ext2, and installed dsl on it using unetbootin, and later the usb install guide on dsl wiki (http://www.damnsmalllinux.org/wiki/index.php/Install_to_USB_From_within_Linux). The bios doesn't have a setting for booting from usb. Grub doesn't "see" the usb drive when I use the root and find commands, explained in (http://www.damnsmalllinux.org/wiki/index.php/USB_Booting). This happens even when I set boot from floppy at the top of the boot order. However, my usb keyboard is recognised by the bios and by grub. How can it recognise the keyboard but not the usb drive? Also, the usb led does flash even before grub starts up, so surely something must be happening usb-wise? I am now following an ubuntu guide to booting from a USB stick, using a hdd-based, minimal linux kernel to supply the usb drivers. But I'm having difficulty adapting it to other OSes (slax/dsl/aptosid). I believe I have to alter the initrd.gz file to include usb drivers and then copy that file along with vmlinuz to a partition on my hdd. But, what's the grub command for the kernel line supposed to look like? From the ubuntu example it's: title USB FLASH DRIVE root (hd0,6) kernel /boot/usb-boot/vmlinuz file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper noprompt cdrom-detect/try-usb=true persistent initrd /boot/usb-boot/initrd.lz boot Should mine just be: title USB FLASH DRIVE root (hd0,6) kernel /boot/usb-boot/vmlinuz cdrom-detect/try-usb=true initrd /boot/usb-boot/initrd.lz boot

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• How can I make grub2 boot into Windows 7?

  - by Grzenio

  I had Windows 7 installed on my system, then I installed Debian testing with grub2 as its boot manager. Initially I couldn't see windows entry in grub at all, so I ran: aptitude install os-prober kcpuload update-grub Now I can see the entry, but when I select it I get only Win7 system restore, instead of the the real thing. Any ides how to make it work? EDIT: I tried the suggested approach to add a new file to /etc/grub.d, which generated an entry in grub.cfg, but it does not appear in the grub menu on boot :( I have this: grzes:/home/ga# cat /etc/grub.d/11_Windows #! /bin/sh -e echo Adding Windows >&2 cat << EOF menuentry “Windows 7? { set root=(hd0,2) chainloader +1 } And I have the following grub.cfg file: grzes:/home/ga# cat /boot/grub/grub.cfg # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then load_env fi set default="0" if [ ${prev_saved_entry} ]; then set saved_entry=${prev_saved_entry} save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z ${boot_once} ]; then saved_entry=${chosen} save_env saved_entry fi } insmod ext2 set root=(hd0,3) search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 6ce3ff31-0ef7-41df-a6f5-b6b886db3a94 if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=640x480 insmod gfxterm insmod vbe if terminal_output gfxterm ; then true ; else # For backward compatibility with versions of terminal.mod that don't # understand terminal_output terminal gfxterm fi fi set locale_dir=/boot/grub/locale set lang=en insmod gettext set timeout=5 ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###

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• How To Boot with "mem=1024m" Argument using GRUB - Ubuntu 10.04

  - by nicorellius

  I am still working on this question. This new one is a different question so I thought it would be good to post a new question. Is this the proper protocol or should I have just edited the other question? I'm running Ubuntu 10.04 with the kernel 2.6.32-22-generic on a Toshiba Satellite laptop. When I enter the GRUB menu (I have Ubuntu 9.10 installed as well), I can choose which kernel to boot. I use scroll down to the one I want and press "e" and I expect to be able to enter mem=1024m and force the kernel to use this much memory. But when I run cat /proc/meminfo or look in the process manager after booting wth this argument I still see all the RAM: ~2 GB. Am I using this boot argument incorrectly? The boot configuration (before I add anything) looks like this: insmod ext2 set root=(hd0,1) search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 10270f21-1c42-494b-bd3f-813c23f6d\ 518 linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-22-generic root=UUID=10270f21-1c42-494b-b\ d3f-813c23f6d518 ro quiet splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-22-generic The way I did this was that I added the mem=1024m after the last line and pressed Ctrl+x (Emacs save and boot the kernel) and the system booted. I tried adding mem=1024m to the end and the beginning of this list and it appeared to not change the RAM allocation.

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• Debian grub2 update removed Windows boot option.

  - by Wrikken

  Since I updated grub to grub 2 I no longer get the option to boot to Windows (which is unfortunately sometimes necessary for proprietary MSIE browser plugins I need to use for work). Relevant /boot/grub/menu.lst portion: ### END DEBIAN AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST # This is a divider, added to separate the menu items below from the Debian # ones. title Other operating systems: root # This entry automatically added by the Debian installer for a non-linux OS # on /dev/hda1 title Windows NT/2000/XP root (hd0,0) savedefault makeactive chainloader +1 This however does not appear anymore. I do have some entries in /boot/grub/grub.cfg with entries like these: menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set e638c434-4884-412f-a141-2c194f881fae echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64 ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-amd64 root=UUID=e638c434-4884-412f-a141-2c194f881fae ro quiet echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-5-amd64 } Do I have to alter that file? If so, what is the correct syntax for a Windows boot? If not, what could be the problem?

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• Encrypted Windows 7 & Linux Advice Wanted

  - by Miles

  I would like to set up my laptop to dual boot Arch Linux and Windows 7 with file sharing and encryption. Just wanted some advice on going about this because I have not dealt with encryption nor file sharing. I have two 500GB hard drives, and this is my plan: Install Windows 7 across both hard drives Use a live CD to wipe out Windows boot loader and replace with Grub Legacy Use live CD to wipe out second hard drive and re-size the Windows partition located on first hard drive Install Arch Linux along side with Windows 7 on first hard drive, all remaining space goes to home folder as ext2 Install truecrypt and ext2fsd Concerns: Is this the most efficient way to share files between both OSes? Or should I just be using NTFS to store all my data? How would the file permissions work when sharing files between Windows and Linux? Is there a high likley hood of corruption, and what is the ease of backing up files from an encrypted disk? Anything I should look out for, conflict between Grub and Truecrypt? Thank you for any advice, and feel free to post any links you might find useful to me. I am trying to plan this out so I can minimize downtime as I do not want to spend more than a night on this, nor do I want to run into a major problem some time in the future.

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• Why am I getting programs stuck in log_wait_commit under Linux?

  - by staticsan

  There is something subtly wrong with my Linux install that I just can't locate. It is Ubuntu Lucid Lynx (10.04) 64-bit. Hardware is a Dell Optiplex 960: Intel Core 2 Quad CPU, 8Gb of RAM, 2x 300Gb HDDs. /home is ext2 on one disk and everything else is on the other (/ is also ext3). I have VirtualBox running a 64-bit Vista image for Outlook calendaring, but the heavyweight apps are IntelliJ, NetBeans, MySQL and Opera. Opera also loads my mail (IMAP) of which there is over 10,000 messages. The problem is that Opera stalls for a few seconds from time-to-time. Watching the process list shows it's in log_wait_commit which means (as far as I have figured out) the filesystem is holding things up. Sometimes I can make this happen by doing a subversion update, but usually it happens for no reason I can see. It usually happens to Opera, but I've seen NetBeans go under, too. It doesn't make the app crash - it's just completely unresponsive for a few seconds. Googling has not helped. The closest I got was to remove the sync attribute in the file system. This achieved nothing. On the advice of a Linux guru friend, I lowered /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs to 300, but that didn't do anything, either. And it was all he could think of. What is going on and can I fix it? (And how?)

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• How to check if a cdrom is in the tray remotely (via ssh)?

  - by adempewolff

  I have a server running Ubuntu 10.04 (it's on the other side of the world and I haven't built up the wherewithal to upgrade it remotely yet) and I have been told that there is a CD in one of it's two CD drives. I want to rip an image of the cd and then download it to my local computer (I don't need help with either of these steps). However, I cannot seem to confirm whether or not there actually is a CD in the drive as I was told. It did not automatically mount anywhere (which I'm thinking might just be a result of it being a headless server not running X, nautilus, or any of the other nice user friendly things). There are two CD drives connected via SCSI: austin@austinvpn:/proc/scsi$ cat /proc/scsi/scsi Attached devices: Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00 Vendor: ATA Model: WDC WD400EB-75CP Rev: 06.0 Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 05 Host: scsi1 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00 Vendor: Lite-On Model: LTN486S 48x Max Rev: YDS6 Type: CD-ROM ANSI SCSI revision: 05 Host: scsi1 Channel: 00 Id: 01 Lun: 00 Vendor: SAMSUNG Model: CD-R/RW SW-248F Rev: R602 Type: CD-ROM ANSI SCSI revision: 05 However when I try mounting either of these devices (and every other device that could possibly be the cd-drive), it says no medium found: austin@austinvpn:/proc/scsi$ sudo mount -t iso9660 /dev/scd1 /cdrom mount: no medium found on /dev/sr1 austin@austinvpn:/proc/scsi$ sudo mount -t iso9660 /dev/scd0 /cdrom mount: no medium found on /dev/sr0 austin@austinvpn:/proc/scsi$ sudo mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /cdrom mount: no medium found on /dev/sr1 austin@austinvpn:/proc/scsi$ sudo mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom1 /cdrom mount: no medium found on /dev/sr0 austin@austinvpn:/proc/scsi$ sudo mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrw /cdrom mount: no medium found on /dev/sr1 Here are the contents of my /dev folder: austin@austinvpn:/proc/scsi$ ls /dev agpgart loop6 ram6 tty10 tty38 tty8 austinvpn loop7 ram7 tty11 tty39 tty9 block lp0 ram8 tty12 tty4 ttyS0 bsg mapper ram9 tty13 tty40 ttyS1 btrfs-control mcelog random tty14 tty41 ttyS2 bus mem rfkill tty15 tty42 ttyS3 cdrom net root tty16 tty43 urandom cdrom1 network_latency rtc tty17 tty44 usbmon0 cdrw network_throughput rtc0 tty18 tty45 usbmon1 char null scd0 tty19 tty46 usbmon2 console oldmem scd1 tty2 tty47 usbmon3 core parport0 sda tty20 tty48 usbmon4 cpu_dma_latency pktcdvd sda1 tty21 tty49 vcs disk port sda2 tty22 tty5 vcs1 dri ppp sda5 tty23 tty50 vcs2 ecryptfs psaux sg0 tty24 tty51 vcs3 fb0 ptmx sg1 tty25 tty52 vcs4 fd pts sg2 tty26 tty53 vcs5 full ram0 shm tty27 tty54 vcs6 fuse ram1 snapshot tty28 tty55 vcs7 hpet ram10 snd tty29 tty56 vcsa input ram11 sndstat tty3 tty57 vcsa1 kmsg ram12 sr0 tty30 tty58 vcsa2 log ram13 sr1 tty31 tty59 vcsa3 loop0 ram14 stderr tty32 tty6 vcsa4 loop1 ram15 stdin tty33 tty60 vcsa5 loop2 ram2 stdout tty34 tty61 vcsa6 loop3 ram3 tty tty35 tty62 vcsa7 loop4 ram4 tty0 tty36 tty63 vga_arbiter loop5 ram5 tty1 tty37 tty7 zero And here is my fstab file: austin@austinvpn:/proc/scsi$ cat /etc/fstab # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid -o value -s UUID' to print the universally unique identifier # for a device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name # devices that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 /dev/mapper/austinvpn-root / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # /boot was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=ed5520ae-c690-4ce6-881e-3598f299be06 /boot ext2 defaults 0 2 /dev/mapper/austinvpn-swap_1 none swap sw 0 0 Am I missing something/doing something wrong, or is there just no CD in the drive or is the drive possibly broken? Is there any nice command to list devices with mountable media? Thanks in advance for any help!

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• How do I get sound output on HDMI without the need to start X?

  - by Magnus Hoff

  I have a headless machine connected to my sound system, and I am using it to run a music playing daemon that I control over the network. (Among other things) However, I can't seem to be able to have sound come out of my speakers without running X. I am running pulse audio in a system wide instance and my daemon is not running within X. Nevertheless, when my daemon is playing music without me hearing it, I can fix it by running startx in an unrelated session. After X starts, I can hear the sound. The sound disappears again if I kill the X server. Interestingly/annoyingly, the sound also stops after X has been running for a few minutes. This could possibly be because of a screen saver of some sort, but I haven't been able to verify or falsify this theory. So my current workaround is to ssh into the box whenever I want music and startx, and restart it every fifteen minutes or so. I'd like to do better. I have been able to verify the following: Adjustments in alsamixer have no effect on this problem. The relevant output channel is never muted In alsamixer, I can see no difference between when the sound is working and when it isn't Nothing is muted in pactl list There is no difference in the output from pactl list between before starting X and after it's started. (Except the identifier of the pactl instance connected to pulse, which is different each time you run pactl) The user running the music daemon is a member of the groups audio, pulse and pulse-access The music daemon program does not report any error messages and acts as if it is playing the music like it should Some form of dbus daemon is running. ps aux|grep dbus reports dbus-daemon --system --fork --activation=upstart before and after I have started X Some details about my hardware: Motherboard: http://www.asus.com/Motherboards/AT5IONTI_DELUXE/ Sound chip: Nvidia GPU 0b HDMI/DP (from alsamixer) Using HDMI for output (Machine also has an Intel Realtek ALC887 that I am not using) Output of lsmod: Module Size Used by deflate 12617 0 zlib_deflate 27139 1 deflate ctr 13201 0 twofish_generic 16635 0 twofish_x86_64_3way 25287 0 twofish_x86_64 12907 1 twofish_x86_64_3way twofish_common 20919 3 twofish_generic,twofish_x86_64_3way,twofish_x86_64 camellia 29348 0 serpent 29125 0 blowfish_generic 12530 0 blowfish_x86_64 21466 0 blowfish_common 16739 2 blowfish_generic,blowfish_x86_64 cast5 25112 0 des_generic 21415 0 xcbc 12815 0 rmd160 16744 0 bnep 18281 2 rfcomm 47604 12 sha512_generic 12796 0 crypto_null 12918 0 parport_pc 32866 0 af_key 36389 0 ppdev 17113 0 binfmt_misc 17540 1 nfsd 281980 2 ext2 73795 1 nfs 436929 1 lockd 90326 2 nfsd,nfs fscache 61529 1 nfs auth_rpcgss 53380 2 nfsd,nfs nfs_acl 12883 2 nfsd,nfs sunrpc 255224 16 nfsd,nfs,lockd,auth_rpcgss,nfs_acl btusb 18332 2 vesafb 13844 2 pl2303 17957 1 ath3k 12961 0 bluetooth 180153 24 bnep,rfcomm,btusb,ath3k snd_hda_codec_hdmi 32474 4 nvidia 11308613 0 ftdi_sio 40679 1 usbserial 47113 6 pl2303,ftdi_sio psmouse 97485 0 snd_hda_codec_realtek 224173 1 snd_hda_intel 33719 5 snd_hda_codec 127706 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel serio_raw 13211 0 snd_seq_midi 13324 0 snd_hwdep 17764 1 snd_hda_codec snd_pcm 97275 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec snd_rawmidi 30748 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event 14899 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq 61929 2 snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event snd_timer 29990 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq snd_seq_device 14540 3 snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq snd 79041 20 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hwdep,snd_pcm,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq,snd_timer,snd_seq_device asus_atk0110 18078 0 mac_hid 13253 0 jc42 13948 0 soundcore 15091 1 snd snd_page_alloc 18529 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm coretemp 13554 0 i2c_i801 17570 0 lp 17799 0 parport 46562 3 parport_pc,ppdev,lp r8169 62154 0 Any ideas? What does X do that's so important?

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• How can I make sound work without starting X?

  - by Magnus Hoff

  I have a headless machine connected to my sound system, and I am using it to run a music playing daemon that I control over the network. (Among other things) However, I can't seem to be able to have sound come out of my speakers without running X. I am running pulse audio in a system wide instance and my daemon is not running within X. Nevertheless, when my daemon is playing music without me hearing it, I can fix it by running startx in an unrelated session. After X starts, I can hear the sound. The sound disappears again if I kill the X server. Interestingly/annoyingly, the sound also stops after X has been running for a few minutes. This could possibly be because of a screen saver of some sort, but I haven't been able to verify or falsify this theory. So my current workaround is to ssh into the box whenever I want music and startx, and restart it every fifteen minutes or so. I'd like to do better. I have been able to verify the following: Adjustments in alsamixer have no effect on this problem. The relevant output channel is never muted In alsamixer, I can see no difference between when the sound is working and when it isn't Nothing is muted in pactl list There is no difference in the output from pactl list between before starting X and after it's started. (Except the identifier of the pactl instance connected to pulse, which is different each time you run pactl) The user running the music daemon is a member of the groups audio, pulse and pulse-access The music daemon program does not report any error messages and acts as if it is playing the music like it should Some form of dbus daemon is running. ps aux|grep dbus reports dbus-daemon --system --fork --activation=upstart before and after I have started X Some details about my hardware: Motherboard: http://www.asus.com/Motherboards/AT5IONTI_DELUXE/ Sound chip: Nvidia GPU 0b HDMI/DP (from alsamixer) Using HDMI for output (Machine also has an Intel Realtek ALC887 that I am not using) Output of lsmod: Module Size Used by deflate 12617 0 zlib_deflate 27139 1 deflate ctr 13201 0 twofish_generic 16635 0 twofish_x86_64_3way 25287 0 twofish_x86_64 12907 1 twofish_x86_64_3way twofish_common 20919 3 twofish_generic,twofish_x86_64_3way,twofish_x86_64 camellia 29348 0 serpent 29125 0 blowfish_generic 12530 0 blowfish_x86_64 21466 0 blowfish_common 16739 2 blowfish_generic,blowfish_x86_64 cast5 25112 0 des_generic 21415 0 xcbc 12815 0 rmd160 16744 0 bnep 18281 2 rfcomm 47604 12 sha512_generic 12796 0 crypto_null 12918 0 parport_pc 32866 0 af_key 36389 0 ppdev 17113 0 binfmt_misc 17540 1 nfsd 281980 2 ext2 73795 1 nfs 436929 1 lockd 90326 2 nfsd,nfs fscache 61529 1 nfs auth_rpcgss 53380 2 nfsd,nfs nfs_acl 12883 2 nfsd,nfs sunrpc 255224 16 nfsd,nfs,lockd,auth_rpcgss,nfs_acl btusb 18332 2 vesafb 13844 2 pl2303 17957 1 ath3k 12961 0 bluetooth 180153 24 bnep,rfcomm,btusb,ath3k snd_hda_codec_hdmi 32474 4 nvidia 11308613 0 ftdi_sio 40679 1 usbserial 47113 6 pl2303,ftdi_sio psmouse 97485 0 snd_hda_codec_realtek 224173 1 snd_hda_intel 33719 5 snd_hda_codec 127706 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel serio_raw 13211 0 snd_seq_midi 13324 0 snd_hwdep 17764 1 snd_hda_codec snd_pcm 97275 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec snd_rawmidi 30748 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event 14899 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq 61929 2 snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event snd_timer 29990 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq snd_seq_device 14540 3 snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq snd 79041 20 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hwdep,snd_pcm,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq,snd_timer,snd_seq_device asus_atk0110 18078 0 mac_hid 13253 0 jc42 13948 0 soundcore 15091 1 snd snd_page_alloc 18529 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm coretemp 13554 0 i2c_i801 17570 0 lp 17799 0 parport 46562 3 parport_pc,ppdev,lp r8169 62154 0 Any ideas? What does X do that's so important?

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• Grub Rescue Unknown Filesystem Error. Grub Corrupted or Filesystem?

  - by nightcrawler

  Now it has happened twice & have been pulling my hairs now... I have installed xubuntu on my external hardisk & have been using it for about 3 months. It has three partitions, one of 500 mb mounted at /boot, 2nd one of 48gb mounted at / & the rest (out of 160gb) is ntfs partition....used as normal external storage. The last storage supposedly acts as a buffer b/w Linux distributions & Win platform, buffer in the sense that it provides a universal channel for data transfers. I have constantly used this external hardisk for data transfers b/w win7 laptop & xubuntu (on this external hd) without any hassle. However, on of my desktops where I have ubuntu I (for the first time) attached this external drive which let me do data transfers where all three partitions properly mounted....but then nasty thing occurred the same that occurred before. I (as usual) tried booting via this external hd (one having xubuntu, one having being formerly used under Ubuntu) I got error Now I am totally devastated because similar thing happened ~6months before when I had fedora 17 in my external hd (instead of xubuntu) & after it was used under ubuntu the same happened...i didn't reported it because I already had planned towards debian instead of rpm! The mystery is that as long as I don't attach this external hd under ubuntu the data never** corrupts whereas under win xp/7 I can use it as a normal usb storage of coarse linux partitions aren’t available under win platforms... **From corrupts I mean hd fails to boot with the error mentioned however cant say whether data within remains untouched? It seems that my grub & or MBR is corrupted. Please sir guide me to solve this issue also why I cant attach & use linux external hds under linux platform Disk /dev/sdc: 160.0 GB, 160041884672 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581806 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0004e7d0 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 * 2048 976895 487424 83 Linux /dev/sdc2 978942 96874495 47947777 5 Extended /dev/sdc3 96874496 312575999 107850752 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sdc5 978944 94726143 46873600 83 Linux /dev/sdc6 94728192 96874495 1073152 82 Linux swap / Solaris I can recall for sure that have seen a thread here when a similar problem occurred & in response someone gave solution of how to mount (now invisible) partitions & recover important data in them. I have misplaced that URL so if any can guide me thither because my important documents resides in / partition What I already have done: Without success I have tried this & related solutions What I plan to do: I believe that filesystem has corrupted & would you recommend solution like this provided I cant recall whether my /boot (500mb) partition was ext4 or ext2 though I am sure that my / (48gb) partition was ext4 UPDATE 1 Attached my external hd under Ubuntu ran followinf command as root grub-install /dev/sdc where /dev/sdc was my external hd containing corrupted xubuntu....it reported all done! I re-ran fdisk -l but to my disappointment it reported Disk /dev/sdc: 160.0 GB, 160041884672 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581806 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1b6b9167 Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table ...& now I can't even access its ntfs partition (former /dev/sdc3) please help? UPDATE 2 TestDisk (by cgsecurity) failed at founding any partition table :( TestDisk 6.13, Data Recovery Utility, November 2011 Christophe GRENIER <[email protected]> http://www.cgsecurity.org Disk /dev/sdc - 160 GB / 149 GiB - CHS 19457 255 63 Partition Start End Size in sectors

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• Not enough free disk space

  - by carmatt95

  I'm new to Ubuntu and I'm getting an error in software updater. When I try and do my daily updates, it says: The upgrade needs a total of 25.3 M free space on disk /boot. Please free at least an additional 25.3 M of disk space on /boot. Empty your trash and remove temporary packages of former installations using sudo apt-get clean. I tried typing in sudo apt-get clean into the terminal but I still get the message. All of the pages I read seem to be for experianced Ubuntuers. Any help would be appreciated. I'm running Ubuntu 12.10. I want to upgrade to 13.04 but understand I have to finish these first. EDIT: @Alaa, This is the output from typing in cat /etc/fstab into the terminal: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> /dev/mapper/ubuntu-root / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # /boot was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=fa55c082-112d-4b10-bcf3-e7ffec6cebbc /boot ext2 defaults 0 2 /dev/mapper/ubuntu-swap_1 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/fd0 /media/floppy0 auto rw,user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0 matty@matty-G41M-ES2L:~$ df -h: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/ubuntu-root 915G 27G 842G 4% / udev 984M 4.0K 984M 1% /dev tmpfs 397M 1.1M 396M 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 992M 1.8M 990M 1% /run/shm none 100M 52K 100M 1% /run/user /dev/sda1 228M 222M 0 100% /boot matty@matty-G41M-ES2L:~$ dpkg -l | grep linux-image: ii linux-image-3.5.0-17-generic 3.5.0-17.28 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-18-generic 3.5.0-18.29 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-19-generic 3.5.0-19.30 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-21-generic 3.5.0-21.32 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-22-generic 3.5.0-22.34 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-23-generic 3.5.0-23.35 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-24-generic 3.5.0-24.37 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-25-generic 3.5.0-25.39 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-26-generic 3.5.0-26.42 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP iF linux-image-3.5.0-28-generic 3.5.0-28.48 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP

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• Ext3 fs: Block bitmap for group 1 not in group (block 0). is fs dead?

  - by ip

  Hi, My company has a server with one big partition with Mysql database and php files. Now this partition seems to be corrupted, as reported from kernel messages when I tried to mount it manually: [329862.817837] EXT3-fs error (device loop1): ext3_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 1 not in group (block 0)! [329862.817846] EXT3-fs: group descriptors corrupted! I've tried to recovery it running tools from a PLD livecd. These are the tools I have tested: - e2retrieve - testdisk - photorec - dd_rescue/dd_rhelp - ddrescue - fsck.ext2 - e2salvage without any success. dumpe2fs 1.41.3 (12-Oct-2008) Filesystem volume name: /dev/sda3 Last mounted on: <not available> Filesystem UUID: dd51610b-6de0-4392-a6f3-67160dbc0343 Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: has_journal filetype sparse_super Default mount options: (none) Filesystem state: not clean with errors Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 9502720 Block count: 18987570 Reserved block count: 949378 Free blocks: 11555345 Free inodes: 11858398 First block: 0 Block size: 4096 Fragment size: 4096 Blocks per group: 32768 Fragments per group: 32768 Inodes per group: 16384 Inode blocks per group: 512 Last mount time: Wed Mar 24 09:31:03 2010 Last write time: Mon Apr 12 11:46:32 2010 Mount count: 10 Maximum mount count: 30 Last checked: Thu Jan 1 01:00:00 1970 Check interval: 0 (<none>) Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 128 Journal inode: 8 Journal backup: inode blocks dumpe2fs: A block group is missing an inode table while reading journal inode There's any other tools I have to test before considering these disk definitely unrecoverable? Many thanks, ip

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• Async Load JavaScript Files with Callback

  - by Gcoop

  Hi All, I am trying to write an ultra simple solution to load a bunch of JS files asynchronously. I have the following script below so far. However the callback is sometimes called when the scripts aren't actually loaded which causes a variable not found error. If I refresh the page sometimes it just works because I guess the files are coming straight from the cache and thus are there quicker than the callback is called, it's very strange? var Loader = function () { } Loader.prototype = { require: function (scripts, callback) { this.loadCount = 0; this.totalRequired = scripts.length; this.callback = callback; for (var i = 0; i < scripts.length; i++) { this.writeScript(scripts[i]); } }, loaded: function (evt) { this.loadCount++; if (this.loadCount == this.totalRequired && typeof this.callback == 'function') this.callback.call(); }, writeScript: function (src) { var self = this; var s = document.createElement('script'); s.type = "text/javascript"; s.async = true; s.src = src; s.addEventListener('load', function (e) { self.loaded(e); }, false); var head = document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; head.appendChild(s); } } Is there anyway to test that a JS file is completely loaded, without putting something in the actual JS file it's self, because I would like to use the same pattern to load libraries out of my control (GMaps etc). Invoking code, just before the tag. var l = new Loader(); l.require([ "ext2.js", "ext1.js"], function() { var config = new MSW.Config(); Refraction.Application().run(MSW.ViewMapper, config); console.log('All Scripts Loaded'); }); Thanks for any help.

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• UNIX - mount: only root can do that

  - by Travesty3

  I need to allow a non-root user to mount/unmount a device. I am a total noob when it comes to UNIX, so please dumb it down for me. I've been looking all over teh interwebz to find an answer and it seems everyone is giving the same one, which is to modify /etc/fstab to include that device with the 'user' option (or 'users', tried both). Cool, well I did that and it still says "mount: only root can do that". Here are the contents of my fstab: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'vol_id --uuid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 # / was on /dev/mapper/minicc-root during installation UUID=1a69f02a-a049-4411-8c57-ff4ebd8bb933 / ext3 relatime,errors=remount-ro 0 1 # /boot was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=038498fe-1267-44c4-8788-e1354d71faf5 /boot ext2 relatime 0 2 # swap was on /dev/mapper/minicc-swap_1 during installation UUID=0bb583aa-84a8-43ef-98c4-c6cb25d20715 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/scd0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0 /dev/scd0 /media/floppy0 auto rw,user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sdcard auto auto,user,rw,exec 0 0 My thumb drive partition shows up as /dev/sdb1. I'm pretty sure my fstab is set up OK, but everyone on the other posts seems to fail to mention how they actually call the 'mount' command once this entry is in the fstab file. I think this is where my problem may be. The command I use to mount the drive is: $ mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sdcard. /bin/mount is owned by root and is in the root group and has 4755 permissions. /bin/umount is owned by root and is in the root group and has 4755 permissions. /mnt/sdcard is owned by me and is in one of my groups and has 0755 permissions. My mount command works fine if I use sudo, but I need to be able to do this without sudo (need to be able to do it from a PHP script using shell_exec). Any suggestions? Sorry for making you read so much...just trying to get as much info in the initial post as possible to preemptively answer questions about configuration stuff. If I missed anything tho, ask away. Thanks! -Travis

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• Quantifying the effects of partition mis-alignment

  - by Matt

  I'm experiencing some significant performance issues on an NFS server. I've been reading up a bit on partition alignment, and I think I have my partitions mis-aligned. I can't find anything that tells me how to actually quantify the effects of mis-aligned partitions. Some of the general information I found suggests the performance penalty can be quite high (upwards of 60%) and others say it's negligible. What I want to do is determine if partition alignment is a factor in this server's performance problems or not; and if so, to what degree? So I'll put my info out here, and hopefully the community can confirm if my partitions are indeed mis-aligned, and if so, help me put a number to what the performance cost is. Server is a Dell R510 with dual E5620 CPUs and 8 GB RAM. There are eight 15k 2.5” 600 GB drives (Seagate ST3600057SS) configured in hardware RAID-6 with a single hot spare. RAID controller is a Dell PERC H700 w/512MB cache (Linux sees this as a LSI MegaSAS 9260). OS is CentOS 5.6, home directory partition is ext3, with options “rw,data=journal,usrquota”. I have the HW RAID configured to present two virtual disks to the OS: /dev/sda for the OS (boot, root and swap partitions), and /dev/sdb for a big NFS share: [root@lnxutil1 ~]# parted -s /dev/sda unit s print Model: DELL PERC H700 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 134217599s Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 63s 465884s 465822s primary ext2 boot 2 465885s 134207009s 133741125s primary lvm [root@lnxutil1 ~]# parted -s /dev/sdb unit s print Model: DELL PERC H700 (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 5720768639s Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 34s 5720768606s 5720768573s lvm Edit 1 Using the cfq IO scheduler (default for CentOS 5.6): # cat /sys/block/sd{a,b}/queue/scheduler noop anticipatory deadline [cfq] noop anticipatory deadline [cfq] Chunk size is the same as strip size, right? If so, then 64kB: # /opt/MegaCli -LDInfo -Lall -aALL -NoLog Adapter #0 Number of Virtual Disks: 2 Virtual Disk: 0 (target id: 0) Name:os RAID Level: Primary-6, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-3 Size:65535MB State: Optimal Stripe Size: 64kB Number Of Drives:7 Span Depth:1 Default Cache Policy: WriteBack, ReadAdaptive, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Current Cache Policy: WriteThrough, ReadAdaptive, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Access Policy: Read/Write Disk Cache Policy: Disk's Default Number of Spans: 1 Span: 0 - Number of PDs: 7 ... physical disk info removed for brevity ... Virtual Disk: 1 (target id: 1) Name:share RAID Level: Primary-6, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-3 Size:2793344MB State: Optimal Stripe Size: 64kB Number Of Drives:7 Span Depth:1 Default Cache Policy: WriteBack, ReadAdaptive, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Current Cache Policy: WriteThrough, ReadAdaptive, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Access Policy: Read/Write Disk Cache Policy: Disk's Default Number of Spans: 1 Span: 0 - Number of PDs: 7 If it's not obvious, virtual disk 0 corresponds to /dev/sda, for the OS; virtual disk 1 is /dev/sdb (the exported home directory tree).

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