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  • Functional programming constructs in non-functional programming languages

    - by Giorgio
    This question has been going through my mind quite a lot lately and since I haven't found a convincing answer to it I would like to know if other users of this site have thought about it as well. In the recent years, even though OOP is still the most popular programming paradigm, functional programming is getting a lot of attention. I have only used OOP languages for my work (C++ and Java) but I am trying to learn some FP in my free time because I find it very interesting. So, I started learning Haskell three years ago and Scala last summer. I plan to learn some SML and Caml as well, and to brush up my (little) knowledge of Scheme. Well, a lot of plans (too ambitious?) but I hope I will find the time to learn at least the basics of FP during the next few years. What is important for me is how functional programming works and how / whether I can use it for some real projects. I have already developed small tools in Haskell. In spite of my strong interest for FP, I find it difficult to understand why functional programming constructs are being added to languages like C#, Java, C++, and so on. As a developer interested in FP, I find it more natural to use, say, Scala or Haskell, instead of waiting for the next FP feature to be added to my favourite non-FP language. In other words, why would I want to have only some FP in my originally non-FP language instead of looking for a language that has a better support for FP? For example, why should I be interested to have lambdas in Java if I can switch to Scala where I have much more FP concepts and access all the Java libraries anyway? Similarly: why do some FP in C# instead of using F# (to my knowledge, C# and F# can work together)? Java was designed to be OO. Fine. I can do OOP in Java (and I would like to keep using Java in that way). Scala was designed to support OOP + FP. Fine: I can use a mix of OOP and FP in Scala. Haskell was designed for FP: I can do FP in Haskell. If I need to tune the performance of a particular module, I can interface Haskell with some external routines in C. But why would I want to do OOP with just some basic FP in Java? So, my main point is: why are non-functional programming languages being extended with some functional concept? Shouldn't it be more comfortable (interesting, exciting, productive) to program in a language that has been designed from the very beginning to be functional or multi-paradigm? Don't different programming paradigms integrate better in a language that was designed for it than in a language in which one paradigm was only added later? The first explanation I could think of is that, since FP is a new concept (it isn't new at all, but it is new for many developers), it needs to be introduced gradually. However, I remember my switch from imperative to OOP: when I started to program in C++ (coming from Pascal and C) I really had to rethink the way in which I was coding, and to do it pretty fast. It was not gradual. So, this does not seem to be a good explanation to me. Also, I asked myself if my impression is just plainly wrong due to lack of knowledge. E.g., do C# and C++11 support FP as extensively as, say, Scala or Caml do? In this case, my question would be simply non-existent. Or can it be that many non-FP programmers are not really interested in using functional programming, but they find it practically convenient to adopt certain FP-idioms in their non-FP language? IMPORTANT NOTE Just in case (because I have seen several language wars on this site): I mentioned the languages I know better, this question is in no way meant to start comparisons between different programming languages to decide which is better / worse. Also, I am not interested in a comparison of OOP versus FP (pros and cons). The point I am interested in is to understand why FP is being introduced one bit at a time into existing languages that were not designed for it even though there exist languages that were / are specifically designed to support FP.

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  • C# Winforms Transparent Control allowing Clickthrough

    - by Erik Karlsson
    I have a problem, a bit related to: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/855826/c-winforms-transparent-control-allowing-clickthrough Contrary to him i would like to capture mouseevents on my program, while still retaining a "window" to whats behind my program. color.transparent doesnt work, and transparencykey just delivers mouse events to whatever is underneath. Using a panel with transparent backcolor or with a backcolor equal to transparencykey does not give the desired effect. Plz help me :)

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  • Can't make wmode: 'transparent' work on sIFR 3

    - by Synue
    I've been trying to use sIFR to change some text in my webpage. It works fine until I try to get it to use a transparent canvas. The code I'm using is as follow. I have no idea to fix it. I've seen a lot of people make this questions about wmode: 'transparent' and it all seems to work but mine. Can someone give me a hand??? Without the wmode: 'transparent' property it works fine. When I include the property it doesn't activate sIFR and we get the page as the normal HTML. sIFR.replace(myriadPro, { selector: '#title1,#title3,#title5,#title7,#title9,#title11,#title13,#title15,#title17,#title19', css: [ '.sIFR-root {background-color:none;font-size:45px;visibility:visible;text-decoration:none;color:#4C4843;cursor:pointer;}' ], wmode: 'transparent' });

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  • Input boxes with transparent background are not clickable in IE8

    - by Viliam
    I have an absolutely positioned input box in a form. The input box has transparent background: .form-page input[type="text"] { border: none; background-color: transparent; /* Other stuff: font-weight, font-size */ } Surprisingly, I cannot select this input box by clicking on it in IE8. It works perfectly in Firefox however. The same happens for background: none. When I change the background color: background-color: red; It works fine, so this is issue associated with transparent background. Setting a border makes the input box selectable by clicking on its border only. Is there a workaround to have clickable input box with transparent background working in IE8? Update: Example. Uncomment background-color and the inputbox is selectable. You can also click on the select box, and focus the input box by pressing Shift+Tab. <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html><head></head><body> <style type="text/css"> input[type="text"] { border: none; background: transparent; /*background-color: blue;*/ } #elem528 { position:absolute; left:155px; top:164px; width:60px; height:20px; } #elem529 { position:absolute; left:218px; top:164px; width:40px; height:20px; } </style> <img src="xxx.png" alt="" width="1000" height="1000"> <input id="elem528" maxlength="7" type="text"> <select id="elem529"></select> </body></html>

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  • How to generate semi transparent shapes in php using gdlib

    - by fabbrillo
    Hi, this is the script i made // Create image $img = imagecreatetruecolor($w, $h); // Transparent image $white = imagecolorallocate($img,255,255,255); imagefilledrectangle($img,0,0,$w,$h,$white); imagecolortransparent($img, $white); //imagealphablending( $img, true ); //imagesavealpha( $img, true ); // Shape color $bgColor = imagecolorallocatealpha($img, 100, 250, 250, 70); imagefilledrectangle($img, 15, 20, 50, 100, $bgColor); imagefilledrectangle($img, 10, 25, 60, 100, $bgColor); imagepng($img, 'file.png'); the problem is the rectangles are transparent among them but not with the background i mean, i need to create a transparent image with a semi transparent shape inside any suggestions? thanks for your help

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  • How to create a semi transparent window in WPF that allows mouse events to pass through

    - by RMK
    I am trying to create an effect similar to the Lights out /lights dim feature in Adobe Lightroom (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=87hNd3vaENE) except in WPF. What I tried was to create another window over-top of my existing window, make it transparent and put a semi transparent Path geometry on it. But I want mouse events to be able to pass through this semi transparent window (on to windows below). This is a simplified version of what I have: <Window x:Class="LightsOut.MaskWindow" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" AllowsTransparency="True" WindowStyle="None" ShowInTaskbar="False" Topmost="True" Background="Transparent"> <Grid> <Button HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="20" Width="60">click</Button> <Path IsHitTestVisible="False" Stroke="Black" Fill="Black" Opacity="0.3"> <Path.Data> <RectangleGeometry Rect="0,0,1000,1000 "/> </Path.Data> </Path> </Grid> The window is fully transparent, so on places where the Path doesn't cover, mouse events pass right through. So far so good. The IsHitTestvisible is set to false on the path object. So mouse events will pass through it to other controls on the same form (ie you can click on the Button, because it is on the same form). But mouse events wont pass through the Path object onto windows that are below it. Any ideas? Or better ways to solve this problem? Thanks.

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  • Loading external SWF's with Transparent Background

    - by alvincrespo
    Just to get some professional opinions, is it possible to load in an external SWF and set that SWF's background to transparent? This question has nothing to do with embedding the SWF in an HTML page. I already know that setting the WMODE to transparent will create a SWF with a transparent background in a browser.

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  • Hit detection on non-transparent pixel

    - by Abie
    Given a PNG in a web context with some transparent pixels and some non-transparent pixels, is there a way in Javascript to determine if a user has clicked on a non-transparent pixel? A webkit-only solution would be perfectly acceptable.

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  • IE - Color transparent not working

    - by poru
    Hello, I have a problem with the IE (what else?): I generate content with CSS which has also a background-image. I looks like that: #nav ul li:after { content: "--"; position: relative; z-index: 99; background: transparent url(image.png); color: transparent; } The text color is in non-IE-browsers transparent, but in all IE browsers it's black and you could see it. How could I make the text transparent/unvisible? I tried already: visibility - opacity - filter - text-indent ... But none did his job right, either it disappears (with it background which I need) or the attribute doesn't apply.

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  • Transparent control over WM Player ActiveX component in .NET

    - by FatDaemon
    I have a Windows media player activex component in my Form. On top of this WM player i have a picturebox with background color set to transparent. When i set an image for this picturebox , thought the image contains transparent areas it is displayed as black when the picturebox is above the WM player component. Where as if i place the PictureBox somewhere else in the form. The transparent area are rendered properly. So is there anyway that i can place a transparent image on top of a WM Player component. (hmm something like watermark may be). I want this picture to be displayed with may be 50% opacity when the video is playing in WM player control. Will GDI+ be of any use in this case?

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  • Transparent Dialog Alignment

    - by feragusper
    I'm trying to get a custom dialog with a transparent background doing this way: this.getWindow().setBackgroundDrawableResource(R.drawable.transparent); (where "R.drawable.transparent" is a reference to the color "#00000000") The weird issue on this is that I can't align my dialog window. It's always aligned to the left, even if I implicit set the Gravity of the window using: this.getWindow().setGravity(Gravity.CENTER); And if I just comment the line which set the transparent background, the alignment works fine. Any help would be much appreciated! Thanks.

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  • Linux Transparent Bridge for Network

    - by Blackninja543
    I am attempting to set up a semi-transparent bridge. I say semi because I want it to act as a transparent tap for all traffic moving through both sides of the bridge. What I also want is to have the "green zone" accessible to a web interface for the bridge that will display all results of the IDS and other network monitoring tools. My example would be as such: eth0 <--> bridge(br0) <--> eth1 The entire network would be on the same subset however anything coming from eth0 to eth1 would be accepted. The only time anything would be drop is if the eth0 attempted to access br0. If someone attempts to access the web interface on br0 through eth1 it will succeed. My biggest problem I feel is if I attempt to block anything from eth0 to br0 this will drop the bridge all together.

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  • SQUID Transparent SSL proxy (no intercept)

    - by user974896
    I know how to have squid work as a transparent proxy. You put it into transparent mode then use your router or IPTABLES to forward port 80 to the squid port. I would like to do the same for SSL. Every guide I see mentions setting up keys on the squid server. I do not want squid to actually decrypt the SSL traffic then establish a connection with the server, rather I would like squid to simply forward the SSL traffic as is. The only thing I would like to do is be able to check the SSL request for any offending IPs and drop the packets if the destination is one of them.

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  • Programming and Ubiquitous Language (DDD) in a non-English domain

    - by Sandor Drieënhuizen
    I know there are some questions already here that are closely related to this subject but none of them take Ubquitous Language as the starting point so I think that justifies this question. For those who don't know: Ubiquitous Language is the concept of defining a (both spoken and written) language that is equally used across developers and domain experts to avoid inconsistencies and miscommunication due to translation problems and misunderstanding. You will see the same terminology show up in code, conversations between any team member, functional specs and whatnot. So, what I was wondering about is how to deal with Ubiquitous Language in non-English domains. Personally, I strongly favor writing programming code in English completely, including comments but ofcourse excluding constants and resources. However, in a non-English domain, I'm forced to make a decision either to: Write code reflecting the Ubiquitous Language in the natural language of the domain. Translate the Ubiquitous Language to English and stop communicating in the natural language of the domain. Define a table that defines how the Ubiquitous Language translates to English. Here are some of my thoughts based on these options: 1) I have a strong aversion against mixed-language code, that is coding using type/member/variable names etc. that are non-English. Most programming languages 'breathe' English to a large extent and most of the technical literature, design pattern names etc. are in English as well. Therefore, in most cases there's just no way of writing code entirely in a non-English language so you end up with a mixed languages. 2) This will force the domain experts to start thinking and talking in the English equivalent of the UL, something that will probably not come naturally to them and therefore hinders communication significantly. 3) In this case, the developers communicate with the domain experts in their native language while the developers communicate with each other in English and most importantly, they write code using the English translation of the UL. I'm sure I don't want to go for the first option and I think option 3 is much better than option 2. What do you think? Am I missing other options?

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  • Non-blocking ORM issues

    - by Nikolay Fominyh
    Once I had question on SO, and found that there are no non-blocking ORMs for my favorite framework. I mean ORM with callback support for asynchronous retrieval. The ORM would be supplied with a callback or some such to "activate" when data has been received. Otherwise ORM needs to be split of in a separate thread to guarantee UI responsiveness. I want to create one, but I have some questions that blocking me from starting development: What issues we can meet when developing ORM? Does word "non-blocking" before word "ORM" will dramatically increase complexity of ORM? Why there are not much non-blocking ORMs around? Update: It looks, that I have to improve my question. We have solutions that already allows us to receive data in non-blocking way. And I believe that not all companies that use such solutions - using raw SQL. We want to create more generic solution, that we can reuse in future projects. What difficulties we can meet?

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  • Non-English-based programming languages

    - by Jaime Soto
    The University of Antioquia in Colombia teaches its introductory programming courses in Lexico, a Spanish-based, object-oriented .NET language. The intent is to teach programming concepts in the students' native language before introducing English-based mainstream languages. There are many other Non-English-based programming languages and there is even a related question in Stack Overflow. I have several questions regarding these languages: Has anyone on this site learned to program using a non-English-based language? If so, how difficult was the transition to the first English-based language? Is there any research-based evidence that non-English speakers learn programming faster/better using languages with keywords in their native language instead of English-based languages?

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