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• Ubuntu root privs installation issue

  - by Pam

  I am a fairly new Ubuntu user (and Linux user, for that matter) and I just downloaded a program whose installer was a .sh file. Not thinking, I copied the installer to an /opt subdirectory, thinking that I was going to install the application there: sudo cp ~/Downloads/fooInstaller.sh /opt/someDir I can't remember, but I either had to use sudo because /opt required it, or I just used it without thinking, but in any case, I prefixed with sudo. Once in /opt/someDir, I executed the installer again, using sudo: sudo sh fooInstaller.sh The terminal went crazy, and a few seconds later, a graphical install wizard popped up that guided me through the rest of the process. At the end of the wizard I was prompted to launch the program, and I did, and everything was great. Until... I closed the program, and attempted to add it to my Ubuntu "panel" (the icon panel at the top of the screen). The program was installed to /usr/local/foo/theProgram, and so I specified that URL as the command in the custom app launcher. When I open the program through the panel/launcher (at the top of the screen), the program doesn't load or operate correctly. I get a lot of error messages complaining about being denied permissions. I'm assuming that this is a "superuser/installation/privs" issue, and not a problem with the application (hence this post at superuser.com instead of the application's forums), because when I launch the program from the terminal with sudo, it opens and executes perfectly fine, just like it did the first time around after the install wizard finished. I realize I'm probably going to have to uninstall the program completely, and re-install it differently. Finally, my question: After uninstalling, can I avoid all these issue by just running the installer (sh fooInstaller.sh) right out of my Downloads directory, sans the sudo prefix? If not, how do I get the program to install without root privs so that I can add it to my panel/launcher and get it executing correctly? Sorry for the long post but I didn't want to omit any details because, as I'm sure you can tell, I'm not really sure I know what I'm doing. Thanks for any help here!

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• ps aux as non-root doesn't show all processes

  - by JMW

  hi, i'm using an ubuntu 10.04 server... when i run ps aux as root i see all processes when i run ps aux as nonroot i see JUST the processes of the current user after a bit of research i found the following solution: root@m85:~# ls -al /proc/ total 4 dr-xr-xr-x 122 root root 0 2010-12-23 14:08 . drwxr-xr-x 22 root root 4096 2010-12-23 13:30 .. dr-x------ 6 root root 0 2010-12-23 14:08 1 dr-x------ 6 root root 0 2010-12-23 14:08 10 dr-x------ 6 root root 0 2010-12-23 14:08 1212 dr-x------ 6 root root 0 2010-12-23 14:08 1227 dr-x------ 6 root root 0 2010-12-23 14:08 1242 dr-x------ 6 zabbix zabbix 0 2010-12-24 23:52 12747 [...] my first idea was, that it got mounted in a weird way: /etc/fstab is ok and it doesn't seem to be mounted in an weird way... my second idea was, that there might be a rootkit: but it's not a rootkit... rkhunter tells me, that there is no rootkit installed... i don't know if it is since the machine got installed or came with an update. i've just installed zabbix-agent on the machine and realized, that it didn't work properly... What could have caused such strange permissions (500) and how can i set it back to an normal level (555) ? Crazy, i've never seen something like that... thanks in advance for any help and merry christmas :) see you

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• Rsync root files between systems without specifying password

  - by xpt

  This seems very tricky to me. I've set up my two systems so that I can rsync files between them as me, without specifying password. Now the the problem is to rsync files that belong to root. On both of my systems, there are no root passwords. The only way to become root is via sudo. So I can neither give a password for sudo rsyn local root@remote:, no use my ssh-agent to supply pass phrase. I don't want to set up a root password on any systems; and I do need the files to be owned by root on both systems. EDIT: Using the files that belong to root is just an example, I need a way for my unprivileged account to read/write system (including root-owned) files easily. One example is to copy my configured /root environment into the freshly-installed system. The two systems are actually two VMs under a single host, so it's not a big concern for me to copy root-owned files between them. EDIT 2: If I only want to copy my configured /root environment into the freshly-installed system, I can use tar: sudo tar cvzf - /root | ssh me@remote sudo tar xvzf - -C / But I do need rsync to update from time to time. Any easy way to make it happen? EDIT 3: Formally formulate the question Alright, it all began with the question, how to rsync files that belong to root between two systems as a normal unprivileged user, without specifying password, under the condition that, The root account is locked on both of systems. I.e., there are no root passwords. The only way to become root is via sudo (recommended security practice, see http://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo) I don't want a completely passwordless sudo but don’t want to be typing passwords all the time either. The normal unprivileged user has entered their ssh pass phrase into the ssh agent. Thanks

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• How can I run supervisord without using root?

  - by Jason Baker

  I seem to be having trouble figuring out why supervisord won't run as a non-root user. If I start it with the user set to jason (pid 1000), I get the following in the log file: 2010-05-24 08:53:32,143 CRIT Set uid to user 1000 2010-05-24 08:53:32,143 WARN Included extra file "/home/jason/src/tsched/celeryd.conf" during parsing 2010-05-24 08:53:32,189 INFO RPC interface 'supervisor' initialized 2010-05-24 08:53:32,189 WARN cElementTree not installed, using slower XML parser for XML-RPC 2010-05-24 08:53:32,189 CRIT Server 'unix_http_server' running without any HTTP authentication checking 2010-05-24 08:53:32,190 INFO daemonizing the supervisord process 2010-05-24 08:53:32,191 INFO supervisord started with pid 3444 ...then the process dies for some unknown reason. If I start it without sudo (under the user jason), I get similar output: 2010-05-24 08:51:32,859 INFO supervisord started with pid 3306 2010-05-24 08:52:15,761 CRIT Can't drop privilege as nonroot user 2010-05-24 08:52:15,761 WARN Included extra file "/home/jason/src/tsched/celeryd.conf" during parsing 2010-05-24 08:52:15,807 INFO RPC interface 'supervisor' initialized 2010-05-24 08:52:15,807 WARN cElementTree not installed, using slower XML parser for XML-RPC 2010-05-24 08:52:15,807 CRIT Server 'unix_http_server' running without any HTTP authentication checking 2010-05-24 08:52:15,808 INFO daemonizing the supervisord process 2010-05-24 08:52:15,809 INFO supervisord started with pid 3397 ...and it still doesn't run. If it's any help, here's the supervisord.conf file I'm using: [unix_http_server] file=/tmp/supervisor.sock ; path to your socket file [supervisord] logfile=./supervisord.log ; supervisord log file logfile_maxbytes=50MB ; maximum size of logfile before rotation logfile_backups=10 ; number of backed up logfiles loglevel=debug ; info, debug, warn, trace pidfile=./supervisord.pid ; pidfile location nodaemon=false ; run supervisord as a daemon minfds=1024 ; number of startup file descriptors minprocs=200 ; number of process descriptors user=jason ; default user childlogdir=./supervisord/ ; where child log files will live [rpcinterface:supervisor] supervisor.rpcinterface_factory = supervisor.rpcinterface:make_main_rpcinterface [supervisorctl] serverurl=unix:///tmp/supervisor.sock ; use unix:// schem for a unix sockets. [include] # Uncomment this line for celeryd for Python files=celeryd.conf # Uncomment this line for celeryd for Django. ;files=django/celeryd.conf ...and here's celeryd.conf: [program:celery] command=bin/celeryd --loglevel=INFO --logfile=./celeryd.log environment=PYTHONPATH='./tsched_worker', JIVA_DB_PLATFORM='oracle', ORACLE_HOME='/usr/lib/oracle/xe/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/server', LD_LIBRARY_PATH='/usr/lib/oracle/xe/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/server/lib', TNS_ADMIN='/home/jason', CELERY_CONFIG_MODULE='tsched_worker.celeryconfig' directory=. user=jason numprocs=1 stdout_logfile=/var/log/celeryd.log stderr_logfile=/var/log/celeryd.log autostart=true autorestart=true startsecs=10 ; Need to wait for currently executing tasks to finish at shutdown. ; Increase this if you have very long running tasks. stopwaitsecs = 600 ; if rabbitmq is supervised, set its priority higher ; so it starts first priority=998 Can anyone help me figure out what's going on?

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• ssh permission denied

  - by Gitmo

  I am trying to ssh into a remote machine and I get the following debug messages: debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to xxx.xxx.x.xx [xxx.xxx.xx.x] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug3: Not a RSA1 key file /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa. debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----BEGIN' debug3: key_read: missing keytype debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----END' debug3: key_read: missing keytype debug1: identity file /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: Checking blacklist file /usr/share/ssh/blacklist.RSA-2048 debug1: Checking blacklist file /etc/ssh/blacklist.RSA-2048 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2 debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: server->client aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: client->server aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 128/256 debug2: bits set: 511/1024 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: filename /home/hadoop/.ssh/known_hosts debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: match line 20 debug1: Host '192.168.1.63' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/hadoop/.ssh/known_hosts:20 debug2: bits set: 511/1024 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug2: kex_derive_keys debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa (0x241c110) debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,password debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,gssapi,publickey,keyboard-interactive debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering public key: /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa debug3: send_pubkey_test debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey,password). What seems to be the problem?? I have tried everything, this is driving me nuts.

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• Handle existing instance of root activity when launching root activity again from intent filter

  - by Robert

  Hi, I'm having difficulties handling multiple instances of my root (main) activity for my application. My app in question has an intent filter in place to launch my application when opening an email attatchment from the "Email" app. My problem is if I launch my application first through the the android applications screen and then launch my application via opening the Email attachment it creates two instances of my root activity. steps: Launch root activity A, press home Open email attachment, intent filter triggers launches root activity A Is it possible when opening the Email attachment that when the OS tries to launch my application it detects there is already an instance of it running and use that or remove/clear that instance?

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• Subview Doesnt AutoSize When Added to Root View Controller

  - by Per

  Hello, I have a root view controller that will have up to 10 or so subviews. I am implementing autorotation/autosize accross the entire app. My problem is this: - When I allocate all the view controllers and add each as a subview to the root controller during startup, everything works as it should. The only problem is that each view controller needs time to initialize. This causes my application to load very slowly. Instead I am trying to allocate the view controllers as they are required. Now I find that if the application goes into Landscape, and I allocate a view controller that is designed in portrait, it will autorotate but the autosize doesnt happen. In other words as soon as the subview is added to the root controller in portrait mode it rotates and sizes correctly (and stays that way). If the subview is added when the root controller is in landscape it rotates but doesnt autosize (and view sizes remain messed up rotating back to portrait) I have tried to force an autosize by calling SetNeedsLayout, SetNeedsDisplay, and LayoutIfNeeded but nothing works. I know i could probably do this manually by determining the root controllers orientation and resizing the subviews appropriately, but this is a lot of work for something that should work automatically. Am I missing something? Any help would be appreciated. My project is an iPad port from an iPhone app, the iPhone app doesnt rotate so Im not sure if this may be something wrong with the 3.2 beta.

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• How to configure oracle instantclient for mono?

  - by funwithcoding

  Mono is really awesome. Some of our applications worked in linux out of the box even without recompiling the binary. However I am having tough time to configure oracle instantclient to use it with mono. I installed instantclient on a CentOS VM(by installing instantclient rpm) but however I did not find TNSNAMES.ORA anywhere. I searched for oracle and I found the following path contains the oracle libraries. [root@bagvapp rupert]# ll /usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client/lib/ total 143280 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7456 Aug 14 2009 cobsqlintf.o -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 342 Aug 14 2009 glogin.sql lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Mar 9 06:52 libclntsh.so -> libclntsh.so.11.1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 40088477 Aug 14 2009 libclntsh.so.11.1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6986848 Aug 14 2009 libnnz11.so lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Mar 9 06:52 libocci.so -> libocci.so.11.1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1879549 Aug 14 2009 libocci.so.11.1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 89377610 Aug 14 2009 libociei.so -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 152304 Aug 14 2009 libocijdbc11.so -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1501651 Aug 14 2009 libsqlplusic.so -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1218075 Aug 14 2009 libsqlplus.so -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 777979 Aug 14 2009 libsqora.so.11.1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1996228 Aug 14 2009 ojdbc5.jar -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2111220 Aug 14 2009 ojdbc6.jar -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 298388 Aug 14 2009 ottclasses.zip drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Mar 9 06:52 precomp -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 37807 Aug 14 2009 xstreams.jar no TNSPING available, no TNSNAMES.ORA, Now how to configure the mono to use this as the oracle client? and how to specify oracle database in app.config connection string section? Though mono is a powerful framework, seems like it is having problems like linux does, all the documentation is only available in mailing lists and whatever is available on official site is either outdated or not clear for normal user. Hope things will change soon and Mono will THE programming framework for linux.

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• Authenticating GTK app to run with root permissions

  - by Thomas Tempelmann

  I have a UI app (uses GTK) for Linux that requires to be run as root (it reads and writes /dev/disk*). Instead of requiring the user to open a root shell or use "sudo" manually every time when he launches my app, I wonder if the app can use some OS-provided API to ask the user to relaunch the app with root permissions. (Note: gtk app's can't use "setuid" mode, so that's not an option here.) The advantage here would be an easier workflow: The user could, from his default user account, double click my app from the desktop, and the app then would relaunch itself with root permission after been authenticated by the API/OS. I ask this because OS X offers exactly this: An app can ask the OS to launch an executable with root permissions - the OS (and not the app) then asks the user to input his credentials, verifies them and then launches the target as desired. I wonder if there's something similar for Linux (Ubuntu, e.g.) Update: The app is a remote operated disk repair tool for the unsavvy Linux user, and those Linux noobs won't have much understanding of using sudo or even changing their user's group memberships, especially if their disk just started acting up and they're freaking out. That's why I seek a solution that avoids technicalities like this.

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• A series of simple Aggregate Root questions (Domain Driven Design)

  - by Robert

  I have a few (hopefully) simple questions about aggregate roots in domain driven design: Is it okay to have an aggregate root as a property of another aggregate root? Is it okay to have a given entity inside two or more aggregate roots? My final question is a bit more involved. I have a website that has a few entities that really belong to a "website" aggregate root. They are 'News', 'Products', and 'Users'. There isn't a 'Website' table in the database, but a 'Website' seems like a good aggregate root for these three entities. How is this usually achieved? Thanks!

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• PHP file outside doc root needs files outside and inside the document root

  - by jax

  I have a library of classes, all interrelated. Some files are inside the document root and some are outside using the <Directory> and Alias features in httpd.conf Assuming I have 3 files: webroot.php (Inside the document root) alias_directory.php (Inside a folder outside the doc root) alias_directory2.php (Inside a **different** folder outside the doc root) If alias_directory2.php needs both webroot.php and alias_directory.php, This does not work. (Remember alias_directory.php and alias_directory2.php are not in the same locations) require_once $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'/webroot.php'; //(ok) require_once $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'/alias_directory.php'; //(not ok) This does not work because alias_directory.php is not in the doc root. Similarly require_once $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'/webroot.php'; //(ok) require_once dirname(__FILE__).'/alias_directory.php'; //(not ok) The problem here is that dirname(__FILE__) will return the path for alias_directory2.php not alias_directory.php. This works: require_once $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'/webroot.php'; //(ok) require_once '/full/path/to/directory/alias_directory.php'; //(ok) But is very nasty and is a maintenance nightmare if I decide to move my library to another location. How do I solve this problem, is seems that I need a way to resolve an Alias folder properly.

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• How to mount vfat drive on Linux with ownership other than root?

  - by Norman Ramsey

  I'm running into trouble mounting an iPod on a newly upgraded Debian Squeeze. I suspect either a protocol has changed or I've tickled a bug, which I don't know where to report. I'm trying to mount the iPod so that I have permission to read and write it. But my efforts come to nothing: $ sudo mount -v -t vfat -o uid=32074,gid=6202 /dev/sde2 /mnt /dev/sde2 on /mnt type vfat (rw,uid=32074,gid=6202) $ ls -l /mnt total 80 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 16384 Jan 1 2000 Calendars drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 16384 Jan 1 2000 Contacts drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 16384 Jan 1 2000 Notes drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 16384 Jun 23 2007 Photos drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 16384 Jun 19 2007 iPod_Control $ sudo umount /mnt $ sudo mount -v -t vfat -o uid=nr,gid=nr /dev/sde2 /mnt /dev/sde2 on /mnt type vfat (rw,uid=32074,gid=6202) $ ls -l /mnt total 80 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 16384 Jan 1 2000 Calendars drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 16384 Jan 1 2000 Contacts drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 16384 Jan 1 2000 Notes drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 16384 Jun 23 2007 Photos drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 16384 Jun 19 2007 iPod_Control As you see, I've tried both symbolic and numberic IDs, but the files persist in being owned by root (and only writable by root). The IDs are really mine; I've had the UID since 1993. $ id uid=32074(nr) gid=6202(nr) groups=6202(nr),0(root),2(bin),4(adm),... I've put an strace at http://pastebin.com/Xue2u9FZ, and the mount(2) call looks good: mount("/dev/sde2", "/mnt", "vfat", MS_MGC_VAL, "uid=32074,gid=6202") = 0 Finally, here's my kernel version from uname -a: Linux homedog 2.6.32-5-686 #1 SMP Mon Jun 13 04:13:06 UTC 2011 i686 GNU/Linux Does anyone know if I should be doing something different, or If there is a workaround, or If this is a bug, where it should be reported?

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• Permission denied message when starting gfs2

  - by sashang

  Can anyone please explain why I get this permission denied error? I try starting the script and it fails with a permission denied message. So I create a copy of it and run that instead and that works. [root@node2 ~]# /etc/init.d/gfs2 stop Unmounting GFS2 filesystem (/drbd): [ OK ] [root@node2 ~]# /etc/init.d/gfs2 start Mounting GFS2 filesystem (/drbd): gfs_controld join connect error: Permission denied error mounting lockproto lock_dlm [FAILED] [root@node2 ~]# cp /etc/init.d/gfs2 /etc/init.d/gfs2_test [root@node2 ~]# /etc/init.d/gfs2_test start Mounting GFS2 filesystem (/drbd): [ OK ] [root@node2 ~]# [root@node2 ~]# ls -l /etc/init.d/gfs2* -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3365 Jan 15 12:11 /etc/init.d/gfs2 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3365 Jan 15 12:19 /etc/init.d/gfs2_test [root@node2 ~]#

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• How to make Ubuntu recognize an unknown external display (so I can adjust its resolution)?

  - by WagnerAA

  I have a Dell laptop with an external monitor attached (a Samsumg SyncMaster 931c). My laptop display was recognized, and I can adjust its optimum resolution. My external display is still unknown, thus I'm stuck at a lower resolution (1024x768): I tried the "Detect Displays" button, but it didn't work, nothing happens. I recently upgraded from Ubuntu 12.04 to 12.10. Things were working before. I don't know if I can actually change this configuration, or if this is a bug. I searched for an answer here and also in Launchpad's website, but found none. I even tried to install Nvidia drivers, and just messed things up. It seems I wasn't even using nvidia before, as I guessed by looking at my additional drivers configuration: My laptop has an Intel chipset, I guess: $ dpkg --get-selections | grep -i -e nvidia -e intel intel-gpu-tools install libdrm-intel1:amd64 install libdrm-intel1:i386 install nvidia-common install xserver-xorg-video-intel install I don't have an xorg.conf file (I think this is nvidia related, am I right?): $ cat /etc/X11/xorg.conf cat: /etc/X11/xorg.conf: No such file or directory $ ls -l /etc/X11/ total 76 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Out 19 23:41 app-defaults drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Abr 25 2012 cursors -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18 Abr 25 2012 default-display-manager drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Abr 25 2012 fonts -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17394 Dez 3 2009 rgb.txt lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Mai 1 03:33 X -> /usr/bin/Xorg drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Out 19 23:41 xinit drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 23 2012 xkb -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Out 24 08:55 xorg.conf.nvidia-xconfig-original -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 709 Abr 1 2010 Xreset drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Out 19 10:08 Xreset.d drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Out 19 10:08 Xresources -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3730 Jan 20 2012 Xsession drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Out 20 00:11 Xsession.d -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 265 Jul 1 2008 Xsession.options -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 Ago 15 06:43 XvMCConfig -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 601 Abr 25 2012 Xwrapper.config Here is some information I gathered by looking at other related posts: $ sudo lshw -C display; lsb_release -a; uname -a *-display:0 description: VGA compatible controller product: Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 2 bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0 version: 07 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=i915 latency=0 resources: irq:48 memory:f6800000-f6bfffff memory:d0000000-dfffffff ioport:1800(size=8) *-display:1 UNCLAIMED description: Display controller product: Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 2.1 bus info: pci@0000:00:02.1 version: 07 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:f6100000-f61fffff LSB Version: core-2.0-amd64:core-2.0-noarch:core-3.0-amd64:core-3.0-noarch:core-3.1-amd64:core-3.1-noarch:core-3.2-amd64:core-3.2-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:cxx-3.0-amd64:cxx-3.0-noarch:cxx-3.1-amd64:cxx-3.1-noarch:cxx-3.2-amd64:cxx-3.2-noarch:cxx-4.0-amd64:cxx-4.0-noarch:desktop-3.1-amd64:desktop-3.1-noarch:desktop-3.2-amd64:desktop-3.2-noarch:desktop-4.0-amd64:desktop-4.0-noarch:graphics-2.0-amd64:graphics-2.0-noarch:graphics-3.0-amd64:graphics-3.0-noarch:graphics-3.1-amd64:graphics-3.1-noarch:graphics-3.2-amd64:graphics-3.2-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-3.2-amd64:printing-3.2-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch:qt4-3.1-amd64:qt4-3.1-noarch Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 12.10 Release: 12.10 Codename: quantal Linux Batcave 3.5.0-17-generic #28-Ubuntu SMP Tue Oct 9 19:31:23 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux $ xrandr -q Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 2304 x 800, maximum 32767 x 32767 LVDS1 connected 1280x800+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 286mm x 1790mm 1280x800 59.9*+ 1024x768 60.0 800x600 60.3 56.2 640x480 59.9 VGA1 connected 1024x768+1280+32 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 0mm x 0mm 1024x768 60.0* 800x600 60.3 56.2 848x480 60.0 640x480 59.9 DP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) If there's anything else I can do, any other information I can post here, to help me configure this external display, please let me know. If this is actually a bug, I apologize (I know bugs are not allowed here), but I really wasn't sure. And I will promptly file a bug report in Launchpad if that's the case. Thanks a lot in advance. ;)

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• How to change permission of my centos if I don't have the root password?

  - by Ali

  I've setup server on mac using virtualbox and my server is centos. but the guy who did it for me he forgot the root password that he setup at the beginning and what happen now is my website have a lot of problem due to the permission issues. So what can I do in order to retrive the password or even to change my permission without using root? The group for my website is apache and I believe I'm not in the same group.

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• Restoring a SD card after using it to root a device

  - by Raz

  I recently purchased the Nook Touch reading device. I rooted it using the instructions on nookdevs.com Rooting included using win32diskimager to somehow transfer an .img file onto the card. Rooting is now completed and as far as I can tell, I don't need to keep the files used on the SD card, which has been reduced from a 3.5 GB or so unit to a 75 MB unit. Is there a simple way for me to somehow reformat the SD card to its original state or at least 3.5 GB. I cannot simply format it.

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• Oracle Solaris 11 ZFS Lab for Openworld 2012

  - by user12626122

  Preface This is the content from the Oracle Openworld 2012 ZFS lab. It was well attended - the feedback was that it was a little short - thats probably because in writing it I bacame very time-concious after the ASM/ACFS on Solaris extravaganza I ran last year which was almost too long for mortal man to finish in the 1 hour session. Enjoy. Table of Contents Exercise Z.1: ZFS Pools Exercise Z.2: ZFS File Systems Exercise Z.3: ZFS Compression Exercise Z.4: ZFS Deduplication Exercise Z.5: ZFS Encryption Exercise Z.6: Solaris 11 Shadow Migration Introduction This set of exercises is designed to briefly demonstrate new features in Solaris 11 ZFS file system: Deduplication, Encryption and Shadow Migration. Also included is the creation of zpools and zfs file systems - the basic building blocks of the technology, and also Compression which is the compliment of Deduplication. The exercises are just introductions - you are referred to the ZFS Adminstration Manual for further information. From Solaris 11 onward the online manual pages consist of zpool(1M) and zfs(1M) with further feature-specific information in zfs_allow(1M), zfs_encrypt(1M) and zfs_share(1M). The lab is easily carried out in a VirtualBox running Solaris 11 with 6 virtual 3 Gb disks to play with. Exercise Z.1: ZFS Pools Task: You have several disks to use for your new file system. Create a new zpool and a file system within it. Lab: You will check the status of existing zpools, create your own pool and expand it. Your Solaris 11 installation already has a root ZFS pool. It contains the root file system. Check this: root@solaris:~# zpool list NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT rpool 15.9G 6.62G 9.25G 41% 1.00x ONLINE - root@solaris:~# zpool status pool: rpool state: ONLINE scan: none requested config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM rpool ONLINE 0 0 0 c3t0d0s0 ONLINE 0 0 0 errors: No known data errors Note the disk device the root pool is on - c3t0d0s0 Now you will create your own ZFS pool. First you will check what disks are available: root@solaris:~# echo | format Searching for disks...done AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS: 0. c3t0d0 <ATA-VBOX HARDDISK-1.0 cyl 2085 alt 2 hd 255 sec 63> /pci@0,0/pci8086,2829@d/disk@0,0 1. c3t2d0 <ATA-VBOX HARDDISK-1.0 cyl 1534 alt 2 hd 128 sec 32> /pci@0,0/pci8086,2829@d/disk@2,0 2. c3t3d0 <ATA-VBOX HARDDISK-1.0 cyl 1534 alt 2 hd 128 sec 32> /pci@0,0/pci8086,2829@d/disk@3,0 3. c3t4d0 <ATA-VBOX HARDDISK-1.0 cyl 1534 alt 2 hd 128 sec 32> /pci@0,0/pci8086,2829@d/disk@4,0 4. c3t5d0 <ATA-VBOX HARDDISK-1.0 cyl 1534 alt 2 hd 128 sec 32> /pci@0,0/pci8086,2829@d/disk@5,0 5. c3t6d0 <ATA-VBOX HARDDISK-1.0 cyl 1534 alt 2 hd 128 sec 32> /pci@0,0/pci8086,2829@d/disk@6,0 6. c3t7d0 <ATA-VBOX HARDDISK-1.0 cyl 1534 alt 2 hd 128 sec 32> /pci@0,0/pci8086,2829@d/disk@7,0 Specify disk (enter its number): Specify disk (enter its number): The root disk is numbered 0. The others are free for use. Try creating a simple pool and observe the error message: root@solaris:~# zpool create mypool c3t2d0 c3t3d0 'mypool' successfully created, but with no redundancy; failure of one device will cause loss of the pool So destroy that pool and create a mirrored pool instead: root@solaris:~# zpool destroy mypool root@solaris:~# zpool create mypool mirror c3t2d0 c3t3d0 root@solaris:~# zpool status mypool pool: mypool state: ONLINE scan: none requested config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM mypool ONLINE 0 0 0 mirror-0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c3t2d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c3t3d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 errors: No known data errors Back to topExercise Z.2: ZFS File Systems Task: You have to create file systems for later exercises. You can see that when a pool is created, a file system of the same name is created: root@solaris:~# zfs list NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT mypool 86.5K 2.94G 31K /mypool Create your filesystems and mountpoints as follows: root@solaris:~# zfs create -o mountpoint=/data1 mypool/mydata1 The -o option sets the mount point and automatically creates the necessary directory. root@solaris:~# zfs list mypool/mydata1 NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT mypool/mydata1 31K 2.94G 31K /data1 Back to top Exercise Z.3: ZFS Compression Task:Try out different forms of compression available in ZFS Lab:Create 2nd filesystem with compression, fill both file systems with the same data, observe results You can see from the zfs(1) manual page that there are several types of compression available to you, set with the property=value syntax: compression=on | off | lzjb | gzip | gzip-N | zle Controls the compression algorithm used for this dataset. The lzjb compression algorithm is optimized for performance while providing decent data compression. Setting compression to on uses the lzjb compression algorithm. The gzip compression algorithm uses the same compression as the gzip(1) command. You can specify the gzip level by using the value gzip-N where N is an integer from 1 (fastest) to 9 (best compression ratio). Currently, gzip is equivalent to gzip-6 (which is also the default for gzip(1)). Create a second filesystem with compression turned on. Note how you set and get your values separately: root@solaris:~# zfs create -o mountpoint=/data2 mypool/mydata2 root@solaris:~# zfs set compression=gzip-9 mypool/mydata2 root@solaris:~# zfs get compression mypool/mydata1 NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE mypool/mydata1 compression off default root@solaris:~# zfs get compression mypool/mydata2 NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE mypool/mydata2 compression gzip-9 local Now you can copy the contents of /usr/lib into both your normal and compressing filesystem and observe the results. Don't forget the dot or period (".") in the find(1) command below: root@solaris:~# cd /usr/lib root@solaris:/usr/lib# find . -print | cpio -pdv /data1 root@solaris:/usr/lib# find . -print | cpio -pdv /data2 The copy into the compressing file system takes longer - as it has to perform the compression but the results show the effect: root@solaris:/usr/lib# zfs list NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT mypool 1.35G 1.59G 31K /mypool mypool/mydata1 1.01G 1.59G 1.01G /data1 mypool/mydata2 341M 1.59G 341M /data2 Note that the available space in the pool is shared amongst the file systems. This behavior can be modified using quotas and reservations which are not covered in this lab but are covered extensively in the ZFS Administrators Guide. Back to top Exercise Z.4: ZFS Deduplication The deduplication property is used to remove redundant data from a ZFS file system. With the property enabled duplicate data blocks are removed synchronously. The result is that only unique data is stored and common componenents are shared. Task:See how to implement deduplication and its effects Lab: You will create a ZFS file system with deduplication turned on and see if it reduces the amount of physical storage needed when we again fill it with a copy of /usr/lib. root@solaris:/usr/lib# zfs destroy mypool/mydata2 root@solaris:/usr/lib# zfs set dedup=on mypool/mydata1 root@solaris:/usr/lib# rm -rf /data1/* root@solaris:/usr/lib# mkdir /data1/2nd-copy root@solaris:/usr/lib# zfs list NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT mypool 1.02M 2.94G 31K /mypool mypool/mydata1 43K 2.94G 43K /data1 root@solaris:/usr/lib# find . -print | cpio -pd /data1 2142768 blocks root@solaris:/usr/lib# zfs list NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT mypool 1.02G 1.99G 31K /mypool mypool/mydata1 1.01G 1.99G 1.01G /data1 root@solaris:/usr/lib# find . -print | cpio -pd /data1/2nd-copy 2142768 blocks root@solaris:/usr/lib#zfs list NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT mypool 1.99G 1.96G 31K /mypool mypool/mydata1 1.98G 1.96G 1.98G /data1 You could go on creating copies for quite a while...but you get the idea. Note that deduplication and compression can be combined: the compression acts on metadata. Deduplication works across file systems in a pool and there is a zpool-wide property dedupratio: root@solaris:/usr/lib# zpool get dedupratio mypool NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE mypool dedupratio 4.30x - Deduplication can also be checked using "zpool list": root@solaris:/usr/lib# zpool list NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT mypool 2.98G 1001M 2.01G 32% 4.30x ONLINE - rpool 15.9G 6.66G 9.21G 41% 1.00x ONLINE - Before moving on to the next topic, destroy that dataset and free up some space: root@solaris:~# zfs destroy mypool/mydata1 Back to top Exercise Z.5: ZFS Encryption Task: Encrypt sensitive data. Lab: Explore basic ZFS encryption. This lab only covers the basics of ZFS Encryption. In particular it does not cover various aspects of key management. Please see the ZFS Adminastrion Manual and the zfs_encrypt(1M) manual page for more detail on this functionality. Back to top root@solaris:~# zfs create -o encryption=on mypool/data2 Enter passphrase for 'mypool/data2': ******** Enter again: ******** root@solaris:~# Creation of a descendent dataset shows that encryption is inherited from the parent: root@solaris:~# zfs create mypool/data2/data3 root@solaris:~# zfs get -r encryption,keysource,keystatus,checksum mypool/data2 NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE mypool/data2 encryption on local mypool/data2 keysource passphrase,prompt local mypool/data2 keystatus available - mypool/data2 checksum sha256-mac local mypool/data2/data3 encryption on inherited from mypool/data2 mypool/data2/data3 keysource passphrase,prompt inherited from mypool/data2 mypool/data2/data3 keystatus available - mypool/data2/data3 checksum sha256-mac inherited from mypool/data2 You will find the online manual page zfs_encrypt(1M) contains examples. In particular, if time permits during this lab session you may wish to explore the changing of a key using "zfs key -c mypool/data2". Exercise Z.6: Shadow Migration Shadow Migration allows you to migrate data from an old file system to a new file system while simultaneously allowing access and modification to the new file system during the process. You can use Shadow Migration to migrate a local or remote UFS or ZFS file system to a local file system. Task: You wish to migrate data from one file system (UFS, ZFS, VxFS) to ZFS while mainaining access to it. Lab: Create the infrastructure for shadow migration and transfer one file system into another. First create the file system you want to migrate root@solaris:~# zpool create oldstuff c3t4d0 root@solaris:~# zfs create oldstuff/forgotten Then populate it with some files: root@solaris:~# cd /var/adm root@solaris:/var/adm# find . -print | cpio -pdv /oldstuff/forgotten You need the shadow-migration package installed: root@solaris:~# pkg install shadow-migration Packages to install: 1 Create boot environment: No Create backup boot environment: No Services to change: 1 DOWNLOAD PKGS FILES XFER (MB) Completed 1/1 14/14 0.2/0.2 PHASE ACTIONS Install Phase 39/39 PHASE ITEMS Package State Update Phase 1/1 Image State Update Phase 2/2 You then enable the shadowd service: root@solaris:~# svcadm enable shadowd root@solaris:~# svcs shadowd STATE STIME FMRI online 7:16:09 svc:/system/filesystem/shadowd:default Set the filesystem to be migrated to read-only root@solaris:~# zfs set readonly=on oldstuff/forgotten Create a new zfs file system with the shadow property set to the file system to be migrated: root@solaris:~# zfs create -o shadow=file:///oldstuff/forgotten mypool/remembered Use the shadowstat(1M) command to see the progress of the migration: root@solaris:~# shadowstat EST BYTES BYTES ELAPSED DATASET XFRD LEFT ERRORS TIME mypool/remembered 92.5M - - 00:00:59 mypool/remembered 99.1M 302M - 00:01:09 mypool/remembered 109M 260M - 00:01:19 mypool/remembered 133M 304M - 00:01:29 mypool/remembered 149M 339M - 00:01:39 mypool/remembered 156M 86.4M - 00:01:49 mypool/remembered 156M 8E 29 (completed) Note that if you had created /mypool/remembered as encrypted, this would be the preferred method of encrypting existing data. Similarly for compressing or deduplicating existing data. The procedure for migrating a file system over NFS is similar - see the ZFS Administration manual. That concludes this lab session.

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• FBML application - "fb:prompt-permission" prompts user to connect with fb even he has connected

  - by Unreality

  Facebook - FBML application prompts user an additional dialog box of "this site requires that you connect with facebook" The user has already connected tho How to eliminate that facebook connect box?

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• Permission Denied IE iFrame

  - by Tom

  Hi Guys, I have a site on A.com and an iframe on B.com which calls javascript from A.com. This works great in FF. In IE7 / 8 I am getting a Message: Access is denied. message. I have checked the HTTP Traffic via Fiddler - and I can see that it isn't blocked in Fiddler ? Any ideas what could be causing this and how to solve ?

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• Permission issue when webservice deployed as virtual directory.Works in VS IDE

  - by Shyju

  I have an ASP.NET web service which will create a text file in a path which is being passed as a parameter to the method. private void CreateFile(string path) { string strFileName = path; StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(strFileName, true); sw.WriteLine(""); sw.Write("Created at " + DateTime.Now.ToString()); sw.Close(); } Now I am passing a folder in the network as the parameter and calling the method CreateFile(@"\\192.168.0.40\\labels\\test.txt"); When running the code from the Visual studio IDE,the file is getting created in the path.But when i published this and deployed as a virtual directoty,Its throwing me some error like "System.UnauthorizedAccessException: Access to the path '\\192.168.0.40\labels\test.txt' is denied. at System.IO.__Error.WinIOError(Int32 errorCode, String maybeFullPath) at System.IO.FileStream.Init(String path, FileMode mode, FileAccess access, Int32 rights, Boolean useRights, FileShare share, Int32 bufferSize, FileOptions options, SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES secAttrs, String msgPath, Boolean bFromProxy) at System.IO.FileStream..ctor(String path, FileMode mode, FileAccess access, FileShare share, Int32 bufferSize, FileOptions options) at System.IO.StreamWriter.CreateFile(String path, Boolean append) at System.IO.StreamWriter..ctor(String path, Boolean append, Encoding encoding, Int32 bufferSize) at System.IO.StreamWriter..ctor(String path, Boolean append) I have in my web.config.My machine is running in XP and the other is in Windows Server 2003 Any idea to solve this ?? Thanks in advance

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• Header Guard Issues - Getting Swallowed Alive

  - by gjnave

  I'm totally at wit's end: I can't figure out how my dependency issues. I've read countless posts and blogs and reworked my code so many times that I can't even remember what almost worked and what didnt. I continually get not only redefinition errors, but class not defined errors. I rework the header guards and remove some errors simply to find others. I somehow got everything down to one error but then even that got broke while trying to fix it. Would you please help me figure out the problem? card.cpp #include <iostream> #include <cctype> #include "card.h" using namespace std; // ====DECL====== Card::Card() { abilities = 0; flavorText = 0; keywords = 0; artifact = 0; classType = new char[strlen("Card") + 1]; classType = "Card"; } Card::~Card (){ delete name; delete abilities; delete flavorText; artifact = NULL; } // ------------ Card::Card(const Card & to_copy) { name = new char[strlen(to_copy.name) +1]; // creating dynamic array strcpy(to_copy.name, name); type = to_copy.type; color = to_copy.color; manaCost = to_copy.manaCost; abilities = new char[strlen(to_copy.abilities) +1]; strcpy(abilities, to_copy.abilities); flavorText = new char[strlen(to_copy.flavorText) +1]; strcpy(flavorText, to_copy.flavorText); keywords = new char[strlen(to_copy.keywords) +1]; strcpy(keywords, to_copy.keywords); inPlay = to_copy.inPlay; tapped = to_copy.tapped; enchanted = to_copy.enchanted; cursed = to_copy.cursed; if (to_copy.type != ARTIFACT) artifact = to_copy.artifact; } // ====DECL===== int Card::equipArtifact(Artifact* to_equip){ artifact = to_equip; } Artifact * Card::unequipArtifact(Card * unequip_from){ Artifact * to_remove = artifact; artifact = NULL; return to_remove; // put card in hand or in graveyard } int Card::enchant( Card * to_enchant){ to_enchant->enchanted = true; cout << "enchanted" << endl; } int Card::disenchant( Card * to_disenchant){ to_disenchant->enchanted = false; cout << "Enchantment Removed" << endl; } // ========DECL===== Spell::Spell() { currPower = basePower; currToughness = baseToughness; classType = new char[strlen("Spell") + 1]; classType = "Spell"; } Spell::~Spell(){} // --------------- Spell::Spell(const Spell & to_copy){ currPower = to_copy.currPower; basePower = to_copy.basePower; currToughness = to_copy.currToughness; baseToughness = to_copy.baseToughness; } // ========= int Spell::attack( Spell *& blocker ){ blocker->currToughness -= currPower; currToughness -= blocker->currToughness; } //========== int Spell::counter (Spell *& to_counter){ cout << to_counter->name << " was countered by " << name << endl; } // ============ int Spell::heal (Spell *& to_heal, int amountOfHealth){ to_heal->currToughness += amountOfHealth; } // ------- Creature::Creature(){ summoningSick = true; } // =====DECL====== Land::Land(){ color = NON; classType = new char[strlen("Land") + 1]; classType = "Land"; } // ------ int Land::generateMana(int mana){ // ... // } card.h #ifndef CARD_H #define CARD_H #include <cctype> #include <iostream> #include "conception.h" class Artifact; class Spell; class Card : public Conception { public: Card(); Card(const Card &); ~Card(); protected: char* name; enum CardType { INSTANT, CREATURE, LAND, ENCHANTMENT, ARTIFACT, PLANESWALKER}; enum CardColor { WHITE, BLUE, BLACK, RED, GREEN, NON }; CardType type; CardColor color; int manaCost; char* abilities; char* flavorText; char* keywords; bool inPlay; bool tapped; bool cursed; bool enchanted; Artifact* artifact; virtual int enchant( Card * ); virtual int disenchant (Card * ); virtual int equipArtifact( Artifact* ); virtual Artifact* unequipArtifact(Card * ); }; // ------------ class Spell: public Card { public: Spell(); ~Spell(); Spell(const Spell &); protected: virtual int heal( Spell *&, int ); virtual int attack( Spell *& ); virtual int counter( Spell*& ); int currToughness; int baseToughness; int currPower; int basePower; }; class Land: public Card { public: Land(); ~Land(); protected: virtual int generateMana(int); }; class Forest: public Land { public: Forest(); ~Forest(); protected: int generateMana(); }; class Creature: public Spell { public: Creature(); ~Creature(); protected: bool summoningSick; }; class Sorcery: public Spell { public: Sorcery(); ~Sorcery(); protected: }; #endif conception.h -- this is an "uber class" from which everything derives class Conception{ public: Conception(); ~Conception(); protected: char* classType; }; conception.cpp Conception::Conception{ Conception(){ classType = new char[11]; char = "Conception"; } game.cpp -- this is an incomplete class as of this code #include <iostream> #include <cctype> #include "game.h" #include "player.h" Battlefield::Battlefield(){ card = 0; } Battlefield::~Battlefield(){ delete card; } Battlefield::Battlefield(const Battlefield & to_copy){ } // =========== /* class Game(){ public: Game(); ~Game(); protected: Player** player; // for multiple players Battlefield* root; // for battlefield getPlayerMove(); // ask player what to do addToBattlefield(); removeFromBattlefield(); sendAttack(); } */ #endif game.h #ifndef GAME_H #define GAME_H #include "list.h" class CardList(); class Battlefield : CardList{ public: Battlefield(); ~Battlefield(); protected: Card* card; // make an array }; class Game : Conception{ public: Game(); ~Game(); protected: Player** player; // for multiple players Battlefield* root; // for battlefield getPlayerMove(); // ask player what to do addToBattlefield(); removeFromBattlefield(); sendAttack(); Battlefield* field; }; list.cpp #include <iostream> #include <cctype> #include "list.h" // ========== LinkedList::LinkedList(){ root = new Node; classType = new char[strlen("LinkedList") + 1]; classType = "LinkedList"; }; LinkedList::~LinkedList(){ delete root; } LinkedList::LinkedList(const LinkedList & obj) { // code to copy } // --------- // ========= int LinkedList::delete_all(Node* root){ if (root = 0) return 0; delete_all(root->next); root = 0; } int LinkedList::add( Conception*& is){ if (root == 0){ root = new Node; root->next = 0; } else { Node * curr = root; root = new Node; root->next=curr; root->it = is; } } int LinkedList::remove(Node * root, Node * prev, Conception* is){ if (root = 0) return -1; if (root->it == is){ root->next = root->next; return 0; } remove(root->next, root, is); return 0; } Conception* LinkedList::find(Node*& root, const Conception* is, Conception* holder = NULL) { if (root==0) return NULL; if (root->it == is){ return root-> it; } holder = find(root->next, is); return holder; } Node* LinkedList::goForward(Node * root){ if (root==0) return root; if (root->next == 0) return root; else return root->next; } // ============ Node* LinkedList::goBackward(Node * root){ root = root->prev; } list.h #ifndef LIST_H #define LIST_H #include <iostream> #include "conception.h" class Node : public Conception { public: Node() : next(0), prev(0), it(0) { it = 0; classType = new char[strlen("Node") + 1]; classType = "Node"; }; ~Node(){ delete it; delete next; delete prev; } Node* next; Node* prev; Conception* it; // generic object }; // ---------------------- class LinkedList : public Conception { public: LinkedList(); ~LinkedList(); LinkedList(const LinkedList&); friend bool operator== (Conception& thing_1, Conception& thing_2 ); protected: virtual int delete_all(Node*); virtual int add( Conception*& ); // virtual Conception* find(Node *&, const Conception*, Conception* ); // virtual int remove( Node *, Node *, Conception* ); // removes question with keyword int display_all(node*& ); virtual Node* goForward(Node *); virtual Node* goBackward(Node *); Node* root; // write copy constrcutor }; // ============= class CircularLinkedList : public LinkedList { public: // CircularLinkedList(); // ~CircularLinkedList(); // CircularLinkedList(const CircularLinkedList &); }; class DoubleLinkedList : public LinkedList { public: // DoubleLinkedList(); // ~DoubleLinkedList(); // DoubleLinkedList(const DoubleLinkedList &); protected: }; // END OF LIST Hierarchy #endif player.cpp #include <iostream> #include "player.h" #include "list.h" using namespace std; Library::Library(){ root = 0; } Library::~Library(){ delete card; } // ====DECL========= Player::~Player(){ delete fname; delete lname; delete deck; } Wizard::~Wizard(){ delete mana; delete rootL; delete rootH; } // =====Player====== void Player::changeName(const char[] first, const char[] last){ char* backup1 = new char[strlen(fname) + 1]; strcpy(backup1, fname); char* backup2 = new char[strlen(lname) + 1]; strcpy(backup1, lname); if (first != NULL){ fname = new char[strlen(first) +1]; strcpy(fname, first); } if (last != NULL){ lname = new char[strlen(last) +1]; strcpy(lname, last); } return 0; } // ========== void Player::seeStats(Stats*& to_put){ to_put->wins = stats->wins; to_put->losses = stats->losses; to_put->winRatio = stats->winRatio; } // ---------- void Player::displayDeck(const LinkedList* deck){ } // ================ void CardList::findCard(Node* root, int id, NodeCard*& is){ if (root == NULL) return; if (root->it.id == id){ copyCard(root->it, is); return; } else findCard(root->next, id, is); } // -------- void CardList::deleteAll(Node* root){ if (root == NULL) return; deleteAll(root->next); root->next = NULL; } // --------- void CardList::removeCard(Node* root, int id){ if (root == NULL) return; if (root->id = id){ root->prev->next = root->next; // the prev link of root, looks back to next of prev node, and sets to where root next is pointing } return; } // --------- void CardList::addCard(Card* to_add){ if (!root){ root = new Node; root->next = NULL; root->prev = NULL; root->it = &to_add; return; } else { Node* original = root; root = new Node; root->next = original; root->prev = NULL; original->prev = root; } } // ----------- void CardList::displayAll(Node*& root){ if (root == NULL) return; cout << "Card Name: " << root->it.cardName; cout << " || Type: " << root->it.type << endl; cout << " --------------- " << endl; if (root->classType == "Spell"){ cout << "Base Power: " << root->it.basePower; cout << " || Current Power: " << root->it.currPower << endl; cout << "Base Toughness: " << root->it.baseToughness; cout << " || Current Toughness: " << root->it.currToughness << endl; } cout << "Card Type: " << root->it.currPower; cout << " || Card Color: " << root->it.color << endl; cout << "Mana Cost" << root->it.manaCost << endl; cout << "Keywords: " << root->it.keywords << endl; cout << "Flavor Text: " << root->it.flavorText << endl; cout << " ----- Class Type: " << root->it.classType << " || ID: " << root->it.id << " ----- " << endl; cout << " ******************************************" << endl; cout << endl; // ------- void CardList::copyCard(const Card& to_get, Card& put_to){ put_to.type = to_get.type; put_to.color = to_get.color; put_to.manaCost = to_get.manaCost; put_to.inPlay = to_get.inPlay; put_to.tapped = to_get.tapped; put_to.class = to_get.class; put_to.id = to_get.id; put_to.enchanted = to_get.enchanted; put_to.artifact = to_get.artifact; put_to.class = to_get.class; put.to.abilities = new char[strlen(to_get.abilities) +1]; strcpy(put_to.abilities, to_get.abilities); put.to.keywords = new char[strlen(to_get.keywords) +1]; strcpy(put_to.keywords, to_get.keywords); put.to.flavorText = new char[strlen(to_get.flavorText) +1]; strcpy(put_to.flavorText, to_get.flavorText); if (to_get.class = "Spell"){ put_to.baseToughness = to_get.baseToughness; put_to.basePower = to_get.basePower; put_to.currToughness = to_get.currToughness; put_to.currPower = to_get.currPower; } } // ---------- player.h #ifndef player.h #define player.h #include "list.h" // ============ class CardList() : public LinkedList(){ public: CardList(); ~CardList(); protected: virtual void findCard(Card&); virtual void addCard(Card* ); virtual void removeCard(Node* root, int id); virtual void deleteAll(); virtual void displayAll(); virtual void copyCard(const Conception*, Node*&); Node* root; } // --------- class Library() : public CardList(){ public: Library(); ~Library(); protected: Card* card; int numCards; findCard(Card&); // get Card and fill empty template } // ----------- class Deck() : public CardList(){ public: Deck(); ~Deck(); protected: enum deckColor { WHITE, BLUE, BLACK, RED, GREEN, MIXED }; char* deckName; } // =============== class Mana(int amount) : public Conception { public: Mana() : displayTotal(0), classType(0) { displayTotal = 0; classType = new char[strlen("Mana") + 1]; classType = "Mana"; }; protected: int accrued; void add(); void remove(); int displayTotal(); } inline Mana::add(){ accrued += 1; } inline Mana::remove(){ accrued -= 1; } inline Mana::displayTotal(){ return accrued; } // ================ class Stats() : public Conception { public: friend class Player; friend class Game; Stats() : wins(0), losses(0), winRatio(0) { wins = 0; losses = 0; if ( (wins + losses != 0) winRatio = wins / (wins + losses); else winRatio = 0; classType = new char[strlen("Stats") + 1]; classType = "Stats"; } protected: int wins; int losses; float winRatio; void int getStats(Stats*& ); } // ================== class Player() : public Conception{ public: Player() : wins(0), losses(0), winRatio(0) { fname = NULL; lname = NULL; stats = NULL; CardList = NULL; classType = new char[strlen("Player") + 1]; classType = "Player"; }; ~Player(); Player(const Player & obj); protected: // member variables char* fname; char* lname; Stats stats; // holds previous game statistics CardList* deck[]; // hold multiple decks that player might use - put ll in this private: // member functions void changeName(const char[], const char[]); void shuffleDeck(int); void seeStats(Stats*& ); void displayDeck(int); chooseDeck(); } // -------------------- class Wizard(Card) : public Player(){ public: Wizard() : { mana = NULL; rootL = NULL; rootH = NULL}; ~Wizard(); protected: playCard(const Card &); removeCard(Card &); attackWithCard(Card &); enchantWithCard(Card &); disenchantWithCard(Card &); healWithCard(Card &); equipWithCard(Card &); Mana* mana[]; Library* rootL; // Library Library* rootH; // Hand } #endif

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• Calculate the digital root of a number

  - by Gregory Higley

  A digital root, according to Wikipedia, is "the number obtained by adding all the digits, then adding the digits of that number, and then continuing until a single-digit number is reached." For instance, the digital root of 99 is 9, because 9 + 9 = 18 and 1 + 8 = 9. My Haskell solution -- and I'm no expert -- is as follows. digitalRoot n | n < 10 = n | otherwise = digitalRoot . sum . map (\c -> read [c]) . show $ n As a language junky, I'm interested in seeing solutions in as many languages as possible, both to learn about those languages and possibly to learn new ways of using languages I already know. (And I know at least a bit of quite a few.) I'm particularly interested in the tightest, most elegant solutions in Haskell and REBOL, my two principal "hobby" languages, but any ol' language will do. (I pay the bills with unrelated projects in Objective C and C#.) Here's my (verbose) REBOL solution: digital-root: func [n [integer!] /local added expanded] [ either n < 10 [ n ][ expanded: copy [] foreach c to-string n [ append expanded to-integer to-string c ] added: 0 foreach e expanded [ added: added + e ] digital-root added ] ] EDIT: As some have pointed out either directly or indirectly, there's a quick one-line expression that can calculate this. You can find it in several of the answers below and in the linked Wikipedia page. (I've awarded Varun the answer, as the first to point it out.) Wish I'd known about that before, but we can still bend our brains with this question by avoiding solutions that involve that expression, if you're so inclined. If not, Crackoverflow has no shortage of questions to answer. :)

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• what is a root directory in IIS 6 and How do I make one of my subfolder in ASP.NET website the root directory?

  - by R_Coder

  I need to integrate a third party plugin in my asp.net website. To install the plugin, they have mentioned this sentence, "Create an application through your IIS control panel with root directory at -(some path from my website folder)?". I am not much aware with IIS and rarely worked with it. Though I tried every possible way i could do in IIS, I am not able to work it out. After installation, there is a test page provided by plugin which i have to run to check but when I run it, it shows this error. "It is an error to use a section registered as allowDefinition='MachineToApplication' beyond application level. This error can be caused by a virtual directory not being configured as an application in IIS." I searched this error too and found that it is because the two Web.Config file, one from the main project and another from plugin folder. The only way to work with this is to make the plugin folder they specified as root directory in IIS. Someone kindly tell me some easy steps to do this. What I was doing is, in IIS6, I added New website with the main folder of my asp.net website, then I right clickadd application and choosed the gievn path, thought it would become root directory but it ain't. Help would be appreciated. ALso note that, i have to put the plugin folder in my main website folder only. So, there are two web.config. I tried to rename one of them too, it solved the above error but gave another errors but I think main problem is of root directory. P.S they show me above error on web.config file of plugin folder on this sentence- "Line 51: < authentication mode="Windows" />"

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• How to programaticaly gain root privileges ?

  - by ereOn

  I am writing a software (in C++, for Linux/Mac OSX) which runs as a non-privileged user and but needs root privileges at some point (to create a new virtual device). Running this program as root is not a option (mainly for security issues) and I need to know the identity (uid) of the "real" user. Is there a way to mimic the "sudo" command behavior (ask for user password) to temporarily gain root privileges and perform the particular task ? If so, which functions would I use ? Thank you very much for your help !

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• Help with running crontab from root

  - by user242065

  Im using OSX and having trouble getting a cron job to run. I type the following: $ sudo -i $ crontab -e I then enter: * * * * * root ifconfig en0 down > /dev/null 0 19 * * * root ifconfig en0 down > /dev/null 0 7 * * * root ifconfig en0 up > /dev/null and no success, the first line is for testing. I want it to shut off my internet. The next two lines I plan to leave in, once I get this working. If I type this in to the terminal the internet goes off ifconfig en0 down Why is my cron job not shutting down the internet? FYI: This is a follow up question from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3027362/how-can-i-write-a-cron-job-that-will-block-my-internet-from-7pm-to-7am-so-i-can most of the comments there are people making fun of me. And a few attempts to solve the problem with out cron jobs.

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