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  • Why does firefox round-trip to the server to determine whether my files are modifed?

    - by erikkallen
    I have some static content on my web site that I have set up caching for (using Asp.NET MVC). According to Firebug, the first time I open the page, Firefox sends this request: GET /CoreContent/Core.css?asm=0.7.3614.34951 Host: 127.0.0.1:3916 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv:1.9.1.5) Gecko/20091102 Firefox/3.5.5 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729) Accept: text/css,*/*;q=0.1 Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 Keep-Alive: 300 Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://127.0.0.1:3916/Edit/1/101 Cookie: .ASPXAUTH=52312E5A802C1A079E2BA29AA2BFBC5A38058977B84452D62ED52855D4164659B4307661EC73A307BFFB2ED3871C67CB3A9AAFDB3A75A99AC0A21C63A6AADE9A11A7138C672E75125D9FF3EFFBD9BF62 Pragma: no-cache Cache-Control: no-cache Which my server replies to with this: Server: ASP.NET Development Server/9.0.0.0 Date: Mon, 23 Nov 2009 18:44:41 GMT X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727 X-AspNetMvc-Version: 1.0 Cache-Control: public, max-age=31535671 Expires: Tue, 23 Nov 2010 18:39:12 GMT Last-Modified: Mon, 23 Nov 2009 18:39:12 GMT Vary: * Content-Type: text/css Content-Length: 15006 Connection: Close So far, so good. However, if I refresh Firefox (not a cache-clearing refresh, just a normal one), during that refresh cycle Firefox will once again go to the server with this request: GET /CoreContent/Core.css?asm=0.7.3614.34951 Host: 127.0.0.1:3916 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv:1.9.1.5) Gecko/20091102 Firefox/3.5.5 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729) Accept: text/css,*/*;q=0.1 Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 Keep-Alive: 300 Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://127.0.0.1:3916/Edit/1/101 Cookie: .ASPXAUTH=52312E5A802C1A079E2BA29AA2BFBC5A38058977B84452D62ED52855D4164659B4307661EC73A307BFFB2ED3871C67CB3A9AAFDB3A75A99AC0A21C63A6AADE9A11A7138C672E75125D9FF3EFFBD9BF62 If-Modified-Since: Mon, 23 Nov 2009 18:39:20 GMT Cache-Control: max-age=0 to which my server responds 304 Not Modified. Why does Firefox issue this second request? In the first response, I said that the cache does not expire for a year (I intend to use query parameters whenever things change). Do I have to add another response header to prevent this extra roundtrip? Edit: It does not matter whether I press refresh, or whether I go to the page again (or a different URL, which references the same external files). Firefox does the same again. Also, I don't claim this to be a bug in FF, I just wonder if there is another header I can set which means "This document will never change, don't bother me again".

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  • Class Template Instantiation: any way round this circular reference?

    - by TimYorke34
    I have two classes that I'm using to represent some hardware: A Button and an InputPin class which represent a button that will change the value of an IC's input pin when it's pressed down. A simple example of them is: template <int pinNumber> class InputPin { static bool IsHigh() { return ( (*portAddress) & (1<<pinNumber) ); } }; template <typename InputPin> class Button { static bool IsPressed() { return !InputPin::IsHigh(); } }; This works beautifully and by using class templates, the condition below will compile as tightly as if I'd handwritten it in assembly (a single instruction). Button < InputPin<1> > powerButton; if (powerButton.IsPressed()) ........; However, I am extending it to deal with interrupts and have got a problem with circular references. Compared to the original InputPin, a new InputPinIRQ class has an extra static member function that will be called automatically by the hardware when the pin value changes. I'd like it to be able to notify the Button class of this, so that the Button class can then notify the main application that it has been pressed/released. I am currently doing this with function pointers to callbacks. In order for the callback code to be inlined by the compiler, I need to pass the function pointers as template parameters. So now, both of the new classes have an extra template parameter that is a pointer to a callback function. Unfortunately this gives me a circular reference because to instantiate a ButtonIRQ class I now have to do something like this: ButtonIRQ< InputPinIRQ< A1, ButtonIRQ<....>::OnPinChange, OnButtonChange > pB; where the <...... represents the circular reference. Does anyone know how I can avoid this circular reference? I am new to templates, so might be missing something really simple. It's important that the compiler knows exactly what code will be run when the interrupt occurs as it then does some very useful optimisation - it is able to inline the callback function and literally inserts the callback function's code at the exact address that is called on a h/w interrupt.

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  • Is it possible to use CSS round-corners and still pass validation?

    - by John
    IIRC the situation is that IE simply doesn't support rounded corners, but some other browsers need browser-specific extensions... either FF or web-kit, I don't recall. I'm happy to use it in some cases and let IE fall-back to square corners, but does using browser-extension CSS break validation... I quite like having my site validate AND work on IE6.

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  • sem_open() error: "undefined reference to sem_open()" on linux (Ubuntu 10.10)

    - by Robin
    So I am getting the error: "undefined reference to sem_open()" even though I have include the semaphore.h header. The same thing is happening for all my pthread function calls (mutex, pthread_create, etc). Any thoughts? I am using the following command to compile: g++ '/home/robin/Desktop/main.cpp' -o '/home/robin/Desktop/main.out' #include <iostream> using namespace std; #include <pthread.h> #include <semaphore.h> #include <fcntl.h> const char *serverControl = "/serverControl"; sem_t* semID; int main ( int argc, char *argv[] ) { //create semaphore used to control servers semID = sem_open(serverControl,O_CREAT,O_RDWR,0); return 0; }

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  • Rounding functions in DAX

    - by Marco Russo (SQLBI)
    Today I prepared a table of the many rounding functions available in DAX (yes, it’s part of the book we’re writing), so that I have a complete schema of the better function to use, depending on the round operation I need to do. Here is the list of functions used and then the results shown for a relevant set of values. FLOOR = FLOOR( Tests[Value], 0.01 ) TRUNC = TRUNC( Tests[Value], 2 ) ROUNDDOWN = ROUNDDOWN( Tests[Value], 2 ) MROUND = MROUND( Tests[Value], 0.01 ) ROUND = ROUND( Tests[Value], 2 )...(read more)

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  • Rounding functions in DAX

    - by Marco Russo (SQLBI)
    Today I prepared a table of the many rounding functions available in DAX (yes, it’s part of the book we’re writing), so that I have a complete schema of the better function to use, depending on the round operation I need to do. Here is the list of functions used and then the results shown for a relevant set of values. FLOOR = FLOOR( Tests[Value], 0.01 ) TRUNC = TRUNC( Tests[Value], 2 ) ROUNDDOWN = ROUNDDOWN( Tests[Value], 2 ) MROUND = MROUND( Tests[Value], 0.01 ) ROUND = ROUND( Tests[Value], 2 )...(read more)

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  • SQL Select syntax error

    - by Odette
    hi guys thanks for your help yesterday. I am now trying to incorporate the query from yesterday into an existing query so I can show the highest itemcode's reporting group in the existing query..but I have a syntax error somewhere at my Select statement. ERROR: Keyword SELECT not expected. I have tried putting brackets at every possible place but still no go..can you please help? (ps-this whole query has been giving me nightmares!) WITH CALC1 AS (SELECT OTQUOT, OTIT01 AS ITEMS, ROUND(OQCQ01 * OVRC01,2) AS COST FROM @[email protected] WHERE OTIT01 < '' UNION ALL SELECT OTQUOT, OTIT02 AS ITEMS, ROUND(OQCQ02 * OVRC02,2) AS COST FROM @[email protected] WHERE OTIT02 < '' UNION ALL SELECT OTQUOT, OTIT03 AS ITEMS, ROUND(OQCQ03 * OVRC03,2) AS COST FROM @[email protected] WHERE OTIT03 < '' UNION ALL SELECT OTQUOT, OTIT04 AS ITEMS, ROUND(OQCQ04 * OVRC04,2) AS COST FROM @[email protected] WHERE OTIT04 < '' UNION ALL SELECT OTQUOT, OTIT05 AS ITEMS, ROUND(OQCQ05 * OVRC05,2) AS COST FROM @[email protected] WHERE OTIT05 < '' UNION ALL SELECT OTQUOT, OTIT06 AS ITEMS, ROUND(OQCQ06 * OVRC06,2) AS COST FROM @[email protected] WHERE OTIT06 < '' UNION ALL SELECT OTQUOT, OTIT07 AS ITEMS, ROUND(OQCQ07 * OVRC07,2) AS COST FROM @[email protected] WHERE OTIT07 < '' UNION ALL SELECT OTQUOT, OTIT08 AS ITEMS, ROUND(OQCQ08 * OVRC08,2) AS COST FROM @[email protected] WHERE OTIT08 < '' UNION ALL SELECT OTQUOT, OTIT09 AS ITEMS, ROUND(OQCQ09 * OVRC09,2) AS COST FROM @[email protected] WHERE OTIT09 < '' UNION ALL SELECT OTQUOT, OTIT10 AS ITEMS, ROUND(OQCQ10 * OVRC10,2) AS COST FROM @[email protected] WHERE OTIT10 < '' ) (SELECT OTQUOT, DESC FROM ( SELECT OTQUOT, ITEMS, B.IXRPGP AS GROUP, C.OTRDSC AS DESC, COST, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY COST DESC) AS RN FROM CALC1 AS A INNER JOIN @[email protected] AS B ON (A.ITEMS = B.IKITMC) INNER JOIN DATAGRP.GDSGRP AS C ON (B.IXRPGP = C.OKRPGP) ) T WHERE T.RN = 1) SELECT A.OKPBRN, A.OCAREA, A.OTCCDE, A.OTCNAM, A.OTSMAN, A.OKPBRN||A.OAPNUM AS OTQUOT, A.OTONUM, A.OTCAD1, A.OTCAD2, A.OTCAD3, A.OTPCDE, A.OTDEL1, A.OTDEL2, A.OTDEL3, CHAR(DATE(CASE WHEN SUBSTR(A.ODOQDT,5,4) = '0000' THEN '0001' ELSE SUBSTR(A.ODOQDT,5,4) END ||'-'|| CASE WHEN SUBSTR(A.ODOQDT,4,2) = '00' THEN '01' ELSE SUBSTR(A.ODOQDT,3,2) END ||'-'|| CASE WHEN SUBSTR(A.ODOQDT,1,2) = '00' THEN '01' ELSE SUBSTR(A.ODOQDT,1,2) END), ISO) AS ODOQDT_CCYYMMDD, CHAR(DATE(CASE WHEN SUBSTR(A.ODDELD,7,2) = '' THEN '0001' ELSE '20'||SUBSTR(A.ODDELD,7,2) END ||'-'|| CASE WHEN SUBSTR(A.ODDELD,4,2) = '' THEN '01' ELSE SUBSTR(A.ODDELD,4,2) END ||'-'|| CASE WHEN SUBSTR(A.ODDELD,1,2) = '' THEN '01' ELSE SUBSTR(A.ODDELD,1,2) END), ISO) AS ODDELD_CCYYMMDD, B.DESC, A.OVQTVL FROM @[email protected] AS A INNER JOIN CALC1 AS B ON (A.OKPBRN||A.OAPNUM = B.OTQUOT) WHERE A.OKPBRN = '@OKPBRN@' AND A.OTCCDE NOT LIKE '*DEP%' AND CHAR(DATE(CASE WHEN SUBSTR(A.ODOQDT,5,4) = '0000' THEN '0001' ELSE SUBSTR (A.ODOQDT,5,4) END ||'-'|| CASE WHEN SUBSTR(A.ODOQDT,4,2) = '00' THEN '01' ELSE SUBSTR(A.ODOQDT,3,2) END ||'-'|| CASE WHEN SUBSTR(A.ODOQDT,1,2) = '00' THEN '01' ELSE SUBSTR(A.ODOQDT,1,2) END), ISO) = CHAR(CURDATE() - 3 MONTH, ISO) AND A.OCQF01 = '0' AND A.OCQF02 = '0' AND A.OCQF04 = '0' AND A.OCQF05 = '0' AND A.OCQF06 = '0' AND A.OCQF07 = '0' AND A.OCQF08 = '0' AND A.OCQF09 = '0' AND A.OCQF10 = '1' AND A.OTCGRP LIKE 'S/%' ORDER BY A.OTSMAN ASC, A.OVQTVL DESC, CHAR(DATE(CASE WHEN SUBSTR(A.ODDELD,7,2) = '' THEN '0001' ELSE '20'||SUBSTR(A.ODDELD,7,2) END ||'-'|| CASE WHEN SUBSTR(A.ODDELD,4,2) = '' THEN '01' ELSE SUBSTR(A.ODDELD,4,2) END ||'-'|| CASE WHEN SUBSTR(A.ODDELD,1,2) = '' THEN '01' ELSE SUBSTR(A.ODDELD,1,2) END),ISO) ASC

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  • Show a number with specified number of significant digits

    - by dreeves
    I use the following function to convert a number to a string for display purposes (don't use scientific notation, don't use a trailing dot, round as specified): (* Show Number. Convert to string w/ no trailing dot. Round to the nearest r. *) Unprotect[Round]; Round[x_,0] := x; Protect[Round]; shn[x_, r_:0] := StringReplace[ ToString@NumberForm[Round[N@x,r], ExponentFunction->(Null&)], re@"\\.$"->""] (Note that re is an alias for RegularExpression.) That's been serving me well for years. But sometimes I don't want to specify the number of digits to round to, rather I want to specify a number of significant figures. For example, 123.456 should display as 123.5 but 0.00123456 should display as 0.001235. To get really fancy, I might want to specify significant digits both before and after the decimal point. For example, I might want .789 to display as 0.8 but 789.0 to display as 789 rather than 800. Do you have a handy utility function for this sort of thing, or suggestions for generalizing my function above? Related: Suppressing a trailing "." in numerical output from Mathematica

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  • Calculate QuaterlyHour from Given two DateTimes in c#

    - by user281947
    I want to calculate the quarter Hour from the given two datetimes: Suppose datetime1 and datetime2 , i am doing somewhat like this : int d = datetime2.Subtract(datetime1).Hours; double l = Math.Round(Convert.ToDouble(d/4)); but if the QuarterHour is 3 (ie d=3), whats the good way to show the output- should it be zero or the round one : 3/4 = 0.75. so should i round up to 1 or 0 is ok. And if round up to 1..how should i?

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  • Solaris X86 AESNI OpenSSL Engine

    - by danx
    Solaris X86 AESNI OpenSSL Engine Cryptography is a major component of secure e-commerce. Since cryptography is compute intensive and adds a significant load to applications, such as SSL web servers (https), crypto performance is an important factor. Providing accelerated crypto hardware greatly helps these applications and will help lead to a wider adoption of cryptography, and lower cost, in e-commerce and other applications. The Intel Westmere microprocessor has six new instructions to acclerate AES encryption. They are called "AESNI" for "AES New Instructions". These are unprivileged instructions, so no "root", other elevated access, or context switch is required to execute these instructions. These instructions are used in a new built-in OpenSSL 1.0 engine available in Solaris 11, the aesni engine. Previous Work Previously, AESNI instructions were introduced into the Solaris x86 kernel and libraries. That is, the "aes" kernel module (used by IPsec and other kernel modules) and the Solaris pkcs11 library (for user applications). These are available in Solaris 10 10/09 (update 8) and above, and Solaris 11. The work here is to add the aesni engine to OpenSSL. X86 AESNI Instructions Intel's Xeon 5600 is one of the processors that support AESNI. This processor is used in the Sun Fire X4170 M2 As mentioned above, six new instructions acclerate AES encryption in processor silicon. The new instructions are: aesenc performs one round of AES encryption. One encryption round is composed of these steps: substitute bytes, shift rows, mix columns, and xor the round key. aesenclast performs the final encryption round, which is the same as above, except omitting the mix columns (which is only needed for the next encryption round). aesdec performs one round of AES decryption aesdeclast performs the final AES decryption round aeskeygenassist Helps expand the user-provided key into a "key schedule" of keys, one per round aesimc performs an "inverse mixed columns" operation to convert the encryption key schedule into a decryption key schedule pclmulqdq Not a AESNI instruction, but performs "carryless multiply" operations to acclerate AES GCM mode. Since the AESNI instructions are implemented in hardware, they take a constant number of cycles and are not vulnerable to side-channel timing attacks that attempt to discern some bits of data from the time taken to encrypt or decrypt the data. Solaris x86 and OpenSSL Software Optimizations Having X86 AESNI hardware crypto instructions is all well and good, but how do we access it? The software is available with Solaris 11 and is used automatically if you are running Solaris x86 on a AESNI-capable processor. AESNI is used internally in the kernel through kernel crypto modules and is available in user space through the PKCS#11 library. For OpenSSL on Solaris 11, AESNI crypto is available directly with a new built-in OpenSSL 1.0 engine, called the "aesni engine." This is in lieu of the extra overhead of going through the Solaris OpenSSL pkcs11 engine, which accesses Solaris crypto and digest operations. Instead, AESNI assembly is included directly in the new aesni engine. Instead of including the aesni engine in a separate library in /lib/openssl/engines/, the aesni engine is "built-in", meaning it is included directly in OpenSSL's libcrypto.so.1.0.0 library. This reduces overhead and the need to manually specify the aesni engine. Since the engine is built-in (that is, in libcrypto.so.1.0.0), the openssl -engine command line flag or API call is not needed to access the engine—the aesni engine is used automatically on AESNI hardware. Ciphers and Digests supported by OpenSSL aesni engine The Openssl aesni engine auto-detects if it's running on AESNI hardware and uses AESNI encryption instructions for these ciphers: AES-128-CBC, AES-192-CBC, AES-256-CBC, AES-128-CFB128, AES-192-CFB128, AES-256-CFB128, AES-128-CTR, AES-192-CTR, AES-256-CTR, AES-128-ECB, AES-192-ECB, AES-256-ECB, AES-128-OFB, AES-192-OFB, and AES-256-OFB. Implementation of the OpenSSL aesni engine The AESNI assembly language routines are not a part of the regular Openssl 1.0.0 release. AESNI is a part of the "HEAD" ("development" or "unstable") branch of OpenSSL, for future release. But AESNI is also available as a separate patch provided by Intel to the OpenSSL project for OpenSSL 1.0.0. A minimal amount of "glue" code in the aesni engine works between the OpenSSL libcrypto.so.1.0.0 library and the assembly functions. The aesni engine code is separate from the base OpenSSL code and requires patching only a few source files to use it. That means OpenSSL can be more easily updated to future versions without losing the performance from the built-in aesni engine. OpenSSL aesni engine Performance Here's some graphs of aesni engine performance I measured by running openssl speed -evp $algorithm where $algorithm is aes-128-cbc, aes-192-cbc, and aes-256-cbc. These are using the 64-bit version of openssl on the same AESNI hardware, a Sun Fire X4170 M2 with a Intel Xeon E5620 @2.40GHz, running Solaris 11 FCS. "Before" is openssl without the aesni engine and "after" is openssl with the aesni engine. The numbers are MBytes/second. OpenSSL aesni engine performance on Sun Fire X4170 M2 (Xeon E5620 @2.40GHz) (Higher is better; "before"=OpenSSL on AESNI without AESNI engine software, "after"=OpenSSL AESNI engine) As you can see the speedup is dramatic for all 3 key lengths and for data sizes from 16 bytes to 8 Kbytes—AESNI is about 7.5-8x faster over hand-coded amd64 assembly (without aesni instructions). Verifying the OpenSSL aesni engine is present The easiest way to determine if you are running the aesni engine is to type "openssl engine" on the command line. No configuration, API, or command line options are needed to use the OpenSSL aesni engine. If you are running on Intel AESNI hardware with Solaris 11 FCS, you'll see this output indicating you are using the aesni engine: intel-westmere $ openssl engine (aesni) Intel AES-NI engine (no-aesni) (dynamic) Dynamic engine loading support (pkcs11) PKCS #11 engine support If you are running on Intel without AESNI hardware you'll see this output indicating the hardware can't support the aesni engine: intel-nehalem $ openssl engine (aesni) Intel AES-NI engine (no-aesni) (dynamic) Dynamic engine loading support (pkcs11) PKCS #11 engine support For Solaris on SPARC or older Solaris OpenSSL software, you won't see any aesni engine line at all. Third-party OpenSSL software (built yourself or from outside Oracle) will not have the aesni engine either. Solaris 11 FCS comes with OpenSSL version 1.0.0e. The output of typing "openssl version" should be "OpenSSL 1.0.0e 6 Sep 2011". 64- and 32-bit OpenSSL OpenSSL comes in both 32- and 64-bit binaries. 64-bit executable is now the default, at /usr/bin/openssl, and OpenSSL 64-bit libraries at /lib/amd64/libcrypto.so.1.0.0 and libssl.so.1.0.0 The 32-bit executable is at /usr/bin/i86/openssl and the libraries are at /lib/libcrytpo.so.1.0.0 and libssl.so.1.0.0. Availability The OpenSSL AESNI engine is available in Solaris 11 x86 for both the 64- and 32-bit versions of OpenSSL. It is not available with Solaris 10. You must have a processor that supports AESNI instructions, otherwise OpenSSL will fallback to the older, slower AES implementation without AESNI. Processors that support AESNI include most Westmere and Sandy Bridge class processor architectures. Some low-end processors (such as for mobile/laptop platforms) do not support AESNI. The easiest way to determine if the processor supports AESNI is with the isainfo -v command—look for "amd64" and "aes" in the output: $ isainfo -v 64-bit amd64 applications pclmulqdq aes sse4.2 sse4.1 ssse3 popcnt tscp ahf cx16 sse3 sse2 sse fxsr mmx cmov amd_sysc cx8 tsc fpu Conclusion The Solaris 11 OpenSSL aesni engine provides easy access to powerful Intel AESNI hardware cryptography, in addition to Solaris userland PKCS#11 libraries and Solaris crypto kernel modules.

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  • Solaris X86 AESNI OpenSSL Engine

    - by danx
    Solaris X86 AESNI OpenSSL Engine Cryptography is a major component of secure e-commerce. Since cryptography is compute intensive and adds a significant load to applications, such as SSL web servers (https), crypto performance is an important factor. Providing accelerated crypto hardware greatly helps these applications and will help lead to a wider adoption of cryptography, and lower cost, in e-commerce and other applications. The Intel Westmere microprocessor has six new instructions to acclerate AES encryption. They are called "AESNI" for "AES New Instructions". These are unprivileged instructions, so no "root", other elevated access, or context switch is required to execute these instructions. These instructions are used in a new built-in OpenSSL 1.0 engine available in Solaris 11, the aesni engine. Previous Work Previously, AESNI instructions were introduced into the Solaris x86 kernel and libraries. That is, the "aes" kernel module (used by IPsec and other kernel modules) and the Solaris pkcs11 library (for user applications). These are available in Solaris 10 10/09 (update 8) and above, and Solaris 11. The work here is to add the aesni engine to OpenSSL. X86 AESNI Instructions Intel's Xeon 5600 is one of the processors that support AESNI. This processor is used in the Sun Fire X4170 M2 As mentioned above, six new instructions acclerate AES encryption in processor silicon. The new instructions are: aesenc performs one round of AES encryption. One encryption round is composed of these steps: substitute bytes, shift rows, mix columns, and xor the round key. aesenclast performs the final encryption round, which is the same as above, except omitting the mix columns (which is only needed for the next encryption round). aesdec performs one round of AES decryption aesdeclast performs the final AES decryption round aeskeygenassist Helps expand the user-provided key into a "key schedule" of keys, one per round aesimc performs an "inverse mixed columns" operation to convert the encryption key schedule into a decryption key schedule pclmulqdq Not a AESNI instruction, but performs "carryless multiply" operations to acclerate AES GCM mode. Since the AESNI instructions are implemented in hardware, they take a constant number of cycles and are not vulnerable to side-channel timing attacks that attempt to discern some bits of data from the time taken to encrypt or decrypt the data. Solaris x86 and OpenSSL Software Optimizations Having X86 AESNI hardware crypto instructions is all well and good, but how do we access it? The software is available with Solaris 11 and is used automatically if you are running Solaris x86 on a AESNI-capable processor. AESNI is used internally in the kernel through kernel crypto modules and is available in user space through the PKCS#11 library. For OpenSSL on Solaris 11, AESNI crypto is available directly with a new built-in OpenSSL 1.0 engine, called the "aesni engine." This is in lieu of the extra overhead of going through the Solaris OpenSSL pkcs11 engine, which accesses Solaris crypto and digest operations. Instead, AESNI assembly is included directly in the new aesni engine. Instead of including the aesni engine in a separate library in /lib/openssl/engines/, the aesni engine is "built-in", meaning it is included directly in OpenSSL's libcrypto.so.1.0.0 library. This reduces overhead and the need to manually specify the aesni engine. Since the engine is built-in (that is, in libcrypto.so.1.0.0), the openssl -engine command line flag or API call is not needed to access the engine—the aesni engine is used automatically on AESNI hardware. Ciphers and Digests supported by OpenSSL aesni engine The Openssl aesni engine auto-detects if it's running on AESNI hardware and uses AESNI encryption instructions for these ciphers: AES-128-CBC, AES-192-CBC, AES-256-CBC, AES-128-CFB128, AES-192-CFB128, AES-256-CFB128, AES-128-CTR, AES-192-CTR, AES-256-CTR, AES-128-ECB, AES-192-ECB, AES-256-ECB, AES-128-OFB, AES-192-OFB, and AES-256-OFB. Implementation of the OpenSSL aesni engine The AESNI assembly language routines are not a part of the regular Openssl 1.0.0 release. AESNI is a part of the "HEAD" ("development" or "unstable") branch of OpenSSL, for future release. But AESNI is also available as a separate patch provided by Intel to the OpenSSL project for OpenSSL 1.0.0. A minimal amount of "glue" code in the aesni engine works between the OpenSSL libcrypto.so.1.0.0 library and the assembly functions. The aesni engine code is separate from the base OpenSSL code and requires patching only a few source files to use it. That means OpenSSL can be more easily updated to future versions without losing the performance from the built-in aesni engine. OpenSSL aesni engine Performance Here's some graphs of aesni engine performance I measured by running openssl speed -evp $algorithm where $algorithm is aes-128-cbc, aes-192-cbc, and aes-256-cbc. These are using the 64-bit version of openssl on the same AESNI hardware, a Sun Fire X4170 M2 with a Intel Xeon E5620 @2.40GHz, running Solaris 11 FCS. "Before" is openssl without the aesni engine and "after" is openssl with the aesni engine. The numbers are MBytes/second. OpenSSL aesni engine performance on Sun Fire X4170 M2 (Xeon E5620 @2.40GHz) (Higher is better; "before"=OpenSSL on AESNI without AESNI engine software, "after"=OpenSSL AESNI engine) As you can see the speedup is dramatic for all 3 key lengths and for data sizes from 16 bytes to 8 Kbytes—AESNI is about 7.5-8x faster over hand-coded amd64 assembly (without aesni instructions). Verifying the OpenSSL aesni engine is present The easiest way to determine if you are running the aesni engine is to type "openssl engine" on the command line. No configuration, API, or command line options are needed to use the OpenSSL aesni engine. If you are running on Intel AESNI hardware with Solaris 11 FCS, you'll see this output indicating you are using the aesni engine: intel-westmere $ openssl engine (aesni) Intel AES-NI engine (no-aesni) (dynamic) Dynamic engine loading support (pkcs11) PKCS #11 engine support If you are running on Intel without AESNI hardware you'll see this output indicating the hardware can't support the aesni engine: intel-nehalem $ openssl engine (aesni) Intel AES-NI engine (no-aesni) (dynamic) Dynamic engine loading support (pkcs11) PKCS #11 engine support For Solaris on SPARC or older Solaris OpenSSL software, you won't see any aesni engine line at all. Third-party OpenSSL software (built yourself or from outside Oracle) will not have the aesni engine either. Solaris 11 FCS comes with OpenSSL version 1.0.0e. The output of typing "openssl version" should be "OpenSSL 1.0.0e 6 Sep 2011". 64- and 32-bit OpenSSL OpenSSL comes in both 32- and 64-bit binaries. 64-bit executable is now the default, at /usr/bin/openssl, and OpenSSL 64-bit libraries at /lib/amd64/libcrypto.so.1.0.0 and libssl.so.1.0.0 The 32-bit executable is at /usr/bin/i86/openssl and the libraries are at /lib/libcrytpo.so.1.0.0 and libssl.so.1.0.0. Availability The OpenSSL AESNI engine is available in Solaris 11 x86 for both the 64- and 32-bit versions of OpenSSL. It is not available with Solaris 10. You must have a processor that supports AESNI instructions, otherwise OpenSSL will fallback to the older, slower AES implementation without AESNI. Processors that support AESNI include most Westmere and Sandy Bridge class processor architectures. Some low-end processors (such as for mobile/laptop platforms) do not support AESNI. The easiest way to determine if the processor supports AESNI is with the isainfo -v command—look for "amd64" and "aes" in the output: $ isainfo -v 64-bit amd64 applications pclmulqdq aes sse4.2 sse4.1 ssse3 popcnt tscp ahf cx16 sse3 sse2 sse fxsr mmx cmov amd_sysc cx8 tsc fpu Conclusion The Solaris 11 OpenSSL aesni engine provides easy access to powerful Intel AESNI hardware cryptography, in addition to Solaris userland PKCS#11 libraries and Solaris crypto kernel modules.

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  • Resizing image size using javascript

    - by Jean
    Hello, I am trying to resize the image using javascript, but I am getting errors var y; var y = new Image(); y.src = s; var wd = y.width/600; var ht = y.height/600; if(ht>wd){ var rw=round(wd * (1/ht)); var hw1 = ht * (1/ht); var hw=round(hw1); } else { var rw1 = (wd) * (1/wd); rw=round(rw1); hw=round(ht * (1/wd)); } I am getting errors saying Message: Object expected Line: 27 Char: 2 Code: 0 Where line 27 is rw=round(rw1); Thanks Jean

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  • Stupid problem with Javascript calculations and postbacks

    - by rockinthesixstring
    I'm working on an ASP.NET web app where I'm using a Wizard to take the client through a large series of steps. One of the steps includes calculating a bunch of numbers on the fly... the numbers calculate properly but when I click "next" and then go back again... some of the numbers are not retained. Here is the calculation function function CalculateFields() { txtSellingPrice = document.getElementById('<%=txtSellingPrice.ClientID %>'); txtBalanceSheet = document.getElementById('<%=txtBalanceSheet.ClientID %>'); txtDownPayment = document.getElementById('<%=txtDownPayment.ClientID %>'); txtSusEarn = document.getElementById('<%=txtSusEarn.ClientID %>'); txtSusRev = document.getElementById('<%=txtSusRev.ClientID %>'); txtBalanceMult = document.getElementById('<%=txtBalanceMult.ClientID %>'); txtGoodwillMult = document.getElementById('<%=txtGoodwillMult.ClientID %>'); txtSellingPriceMult = document.getElementById('<%=txtSellingPriceMult.ClientID %>'); txtGoodWill = document.getElementById('<%=txtGoodWill.ClientID %>'); txtBalance = document.getElementById('<%=txtBalance.ClientID %>'); chkTakeBack = document.getElementById('<%=chkTakeBack.ClientID %>'); txtVendorTakeBackPercentage = document.getElementById('<%=txtVendorTakeBackPercentage.ClientID %>'); txtSusEarnPercentage = document.getElementById('<%=txtSusEarnPercentage.ClientID %>'); txtBalanceMultPercentage = document.getElementById('<%=txtBalanceMultPercentage.ClientID %>'); txtGoodwillMultPercentage = document.getElementById('<%=txtGoodwillMultPercentage.ClientID %>'); txtSellingPriceMultPercentage = document.getElementById('<%=txtSellingPriceMultPercentage.ClientID %>'); var regexp = /[$,]/g; //Empty value checks SellingPrice = (SellingPrice == "" ? "$0" : SellingPrice); BalanceSheet = (BalanceSheet == "" ? "$0" : BalanceSheet); DownPayment = (DownPayment == "" ? "$0" : DownPayment); susearn = (susearn == "" ? "$0" : susearn); susrev = (susrev == "" ? "$0" : susrev); balmult = (balmult == "" ? "$0" : balmult); goodmult = (goodmult == "" ? "$0" : goodmult); sellmult = (sellmult == "" ? "$0" : sellmult); //Replace $ with String.Empty SellingPrice = txtSellingPrice.value.replace(regexp, ""); BalanceSheet = txtBalanceSheet.value.replace(regexp, ""); DownPayment = txtDownPayment.value.replace(regexp, ""); susearn = txtSusEarn.value.replace(regexp, ""); susrev = txtSusRev.value.replace(regexp, ""); balmult = txtBalanceMult.value.replace(regexp, ""); goodmult = txtGoodwillMult.value.replace(regexp, ""); sellmult = txtSellingPriceMult.value.replace(regexp, ""); //Set the new values txtGoodWill.value = "$" + (SellingPrice - BalanceSheet); txtBalance.value = "$" + (SellingPrice - DownPayment); txtSellingPriceMult.value = "$" + SellingPrice; txtGoodwillMult.value = "$" + (SellingPrice - BalanceSheet); txtBalanceMult.value = "$" + BalanceSheet; if (chkTakeBack.checked == 1) { txtVendorTakeBackPercentage.value = Math.round((SellingPrice - DownPayment) / SellingPrice * 100); } else { txtVendorTakeBackPercentage.value = "0"; } if (!(susearn == "") && !(susearn == "0") && !(susearn == "$0")) { txtSusEarnPercentage.value = Math.round(susearn / susrev * 100); txtBalanceMultPercentage.value = Math.round(balmult / susearn); txtGoodwillMultPercentage.value = Math.round(goodmult / susearn); txtSellingPriceMultPercentage.value = Math.round(sellmult / susearn); } else { txtSusEarnPercentage.value = "0"; txtBalanceMultPercentage.value = "0"; txtGoodwillMultPercentage.value = "0"; txtSellingPriceMultPercentage.value = "0"; } } all of these calculate properly and retain their value across postbacks txtGoodWill.value = "$" + (SellingPrice - BalanceSheet); txtBalance.value = "$" + (SellingPrice - DownPayment); txtSellingPriceMult.value = "$" + SellingPrice; txtGoodwillMult.value = "$" + (SellingPrice - BalanceSheet); txtBalanceMult.value = "$" + BalanceSheet; These ones however do not retain their value across postbacks if (chkTakeBack.checked == 1) { txtVendorTakeBackPercentage.value = Math.round((SellingPrice - DownPayment) / SellingPrice * 100); } else { txtVendorTakeBackPercentage.value = "0"; } if (!(susearn == "") && !(susearn == "0") && !(susearn == "$0")) { txtSusEarnPercentage.value = Math.round(susearn / susrev * 100); txtBalanceMultPercentage.value = Math.round(balmult / susearn); txtGoodwillMultPercentage.value = Math.round(goodmult / susearn); txtSellingPriceMultPercentage.value = Math.round(sellmult / susearn); } else { txtSusEarnPercentage.value = "0"; txtBalanceMultPercentage.value = "0"; txtGoodwillMultPercentage.value = "0"; txtSellingPriceMultPercentage.value = "0"; } The txtVendorTakeBackPercentage always comes back BLANK and the other three always come back as 0 I'm firing these functions by using the onkeyup event within the form fields. If Not Page.IsPostBack Then txtSellingPrice.Attributes.Add("onkeyup", "CalculateFields()") txtBalanceSheet.Attributes.Add("onkeyup", "CalculateFields()") txtDownPayment.Attributes.Add("onkeyup", "CalculateFields()") txtSusRev.Attributes.Add("onkeyup", "CalculateFields()") txtSusEarn.Attributes.Add("onkeyup", "CalculateFields()") End If any thoughts/help/direction would be greatly appreciated.

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  • How can I set up OpenVPN to accept more than 60 connections?

    - by Robin
    Greetings! We're using OpenVPN and today hit an unexpected connection limit of 60 - even though max-clients is set to the source code default 1024. Server log: Tue Dec 21 13:49:41 2010 MULTI: new incoming connection would exceed maximum number of clients (60) We're slowly adding new clients to the VPN and expect to hit 200 some time next year, if we can get it working. We're running the server on a Win2003 R2. OpenVPN 2.0.9 Server config as follows: local 192.168.10.211 port 1195 proto tcp dev tun dev-node OpenVPN_Vision ca vision_ca.crt cert vision_server.crt key vision_server.key # This file should be kept secret dh vision_dh1024.pem server 192.168.211.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist vision_ipp.txt ;server-bridge 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.50 10.8.0.100 ;client-to-client keepalive 10 120 comp-lzo ;max-clients 100 # Default in source code is 1024 persist-key persist-tun status openvpn-status-vision.log log vision.log verb 3 I would greatly appreciate any help or input on this one. Thanks! Best regards, Robin

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  • Structuremap and creating objects with initial state

    - by Simon
    I have an object which needs a dependency injected into it public class FootballLadder { public FootballLadder(IMatchRepository matchRepository, int round) { // set initial state this.matchRepo = matchRepository; this.round = round; } public IEnumerable<LadderEntry> GetLadderEntries() { // calculate the ladder based on matches retrieved from the match repository // return the calculated ladder } private IMatchRepository matchRepo; private int round; } For arguments sake, lets assume that I can't pass the round parameter into the GetLadderEntries call itself. Using StructureMap, how can I inject the dependency on the IMatchRepository and set the initial state? Or is this one of those cases where struggling against the framework is a sign the code should be refactored?

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  • Ram not working in dual dynamic paging mode

    - by Robin Agrahari
    My motherboard is Intel D865GVHZ I m using 512 mb ram and recently i purchased a 512 mb ram of same company same speed(333) and same manufacturer. but my pc is not booting in dual dynamic paging mode . It is not at all booting and the screen freezes on windows logo screen at start up. i checked installing individual rams one by one and the pc is working with either of the ram installed individually. But wen i install both the pc is not working. One more point i found is my one ram has 8 chips on both sides while the other ram has 4 chips on both sides. Is that the root of the problem ?? plz help sir. in hope robin

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  • How do I fix my Ruby installation

    - by Robin Fisher
    Hi all, I rather cleverly (or not in hindsight) installed RVM, which kept hanging whilst compiling Rubies. I have removed the .rvm directory but now my system has reverted to Ruby 1.8.7 i.e. when I type: ruby -v which ruby they both point to 1.8.7. How do I get the ruby command to point to my 1.9.1 installation, which is located in /usr/local/lib/ruby/1.9.1? I'm on OSX 10.6. Thanks Robin

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  • Collision of dot and line in 2D space

    - by Anderiel
    So i'm trying to make my first game on android. The thing is i have a small moving ball and i want it to bounce from a line that i drew. For that i need to find if the x,y of the ball are also coordinates of one dot from the line. I tried to implement these equations about lines x=a1 + t*u1 y=a2 + t*u2 = (x-a1)/u1=(y-a2)/u2 (t=t which has to be if the point is on the line) where x and y are the coordinates im testing, dot[a1,a2] is a dot that is on the line and u(u1,u2) is the vector of the line. heres the code: public boolean Collided() { float u1 =Math.abs(Math.round(begin_X)-Math.round(end_X)); float u2 =Math.abs(Math.round(begin_Y)-Math.round(end_Y)); float t_x =Math.round((elect_X - begin_X)/u1); float t_y =Math.round((elect_Y - begin_Y)/u2); if(t_x==t_y) { return true; } else { return false; } } points [begin_X,end_X] and [begin_Y,end_Y] are the two points from the line and [elect_X,elect_Y] are the coordinates of the ball theoreticaly it should work, but in the reality the ball most of the time just goes straigth through the line or bounces somewhere else where it shouldnt

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  • Add values to an array after isset()

    - by user1656692
    I'm trying to add elements to an array after subsequent trials, but so far only one value is being added to the array. I've Googled and searched stackoverflow, and I seem to be getting only half the picture unless if I'm implementing it wrong. There are about 40 files, which will be needed to be submited one after another, and then a value from each trial is stored in the database. So far, this is what I've done. $_SESSION['task2'] = array(); //Submit Task 1 if (isset($_POST['submit_task_01'])) { $trial1_ac_sec = cleanInput($_POST['clockInputTask_01ac']); $trial1_est_sec = cleanInput($_POST['clockInputTask_01']); $trial1_ac = round(($trial1_ac_sec * 42.67), 2); $trial1_est = round(($trial1_est_sec * 42.67), 2); $trial1_judgErr = $trial1_ac - $trial1_est; $trial_1error = round($trial1_judgErr, 2); array_push($_SESSION['task2'],$trial_1error); header("location: Trial_2.php"); } //Submit Task2 if (isset($_POST['submit_task_02'])) { $trial2_ac_sec = cleanInput($_POST['clockInputTask_02ac']); $trial2_est_sec = cleanInput($_POST['clockInputTask_02']); $trial2_ac = round(($trial2_ac_sec * 42.67), 2); $trial2_est = round(($trial2_est_sec * 42.67), 2); $trial2_judgErr = $trial2_ac - $trial2_est; $trial_2error = round($trial2_judgErr, 2); array_push($_SESSION['task2'],$trial_2error); header("location: newEmptyPHPWebPage.php"); } ... and so on.. up until 40 I'm just wondering what am I doing wrong, I know that each time isset() will reload the page, and the previous data won't be available, so in that sense I thought I'd create an array for sessions and then push data in the session, however that doesn't seem to work. If anyone has any ideas on what I can do, I'll greatly appreciate it. Thank You.

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  • Looping through with dates

    - by Luke
    I have created a fixture generator for football/ soccer games... $totalRounds = $teams - 1; $matchesPerRound = $teams / 2; $rounds = array(); $roundDates = array(); $curTime = time(); for ($i = 1; $i <= $totalRounds; $i++) { $rounds[$i] = array(); $numDays = $i * 4; $roundDates[$i] = strtotime("+".$numDays." days",$curTime); } foreach($roundDates as $time) { for ($round = 0; $round < $totalRounds; $round++) { for ($match = 0; $match < $matchesPerRound; $match++) { $home = ($round + $match) % ($teams - 1); $away = ($teams - 1 - $match + $round) % ($teams - 1); // Last team stays in the same place while the others // rotate around it. if ($match == 0) { $away = $teams - 1; } $rounds[$round][$match] = "$user[$home]~$team[$home]@$user[$away]~$team[$away]~$time"; } } } In the code, for $i = 1, i thought that if you want the first date 4 days from now, the i must be 1, so 1 * 4 = 4. If i was 0, 0 * 4 equals 0. I assume this is correct thinking? Anyway the main question is, trying to generate the dates isn't working. When i created a fixture list for 4 users home and away, I got 12 fixtures. 10 of these had the same date on them, and the other 2 didnt have a date. Can anyone help me with this? Thanks

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