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• Bridging two networks

  - by Jukodan

  I'm hoping you may be able to offer some advice as I'm not very familiar with setting up routers/access points. I have a network of computers on an active directory domain on the 192.NET. I then have another network on the 10.NET that needs to have access to the domain on the 192.NET. I am using cisco/linksys routers. What methodology would you suggest so that these two can communicate and I can add the computers form the 10.NET to the domain? Edit: Basically, I'm having trouble figuring out how to setup a static route

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• Cannot connect to secure wireless with Netgear wna3100 USB

  - by Vince Radice

  I have installed Ubuntu 11.10. I used a wired connection to download and install all of the updates. When I tried to use a Netgear WNA3100 wireless USB network adapter, it failed. Much searching and trying things I was finally able to get it working by disabling security on my router. I have verified this by disabling security and I was able to connect. When I enabled security (WPA2 PSK), the connection failed. What is necessary to enable security (WPA2 PSK) and still use the Netgear USB interface? Here is the output from the commands most requested lsusb Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0846:9020 NetGear, Inc. WNA3100(v1) Wireless-N 300 [Broadcom BCM43231] lshw -C network *-network description: Ethernet interface product: RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. physical id: 3 bus info: pci@0000:02:03.0 logical name: eth0 version: 10 serial: 00:40:ca:44:e6:3e size: 10Mbit/s capacity: 100Mbit/s width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list rom ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=8139too driverversion=0.9.28 duplex=half latency=32 link=no maxlatency=64 mingnt=32 multicast=yes port=MII speed=10Mbit/s resources: irq:19 ioport:c800(size=256) memory:ee011000-ee0110ff memory:40000000-4000ffff *-network description: Wireless interface physical id: 1 logical name: wlan0 serial: e0:91:f5:56:e1:0d capabilities: ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=ndiswrapper+bcmn43xx32 driverversion=1.56+,08/26/2009, 5.10.79.30 ip=192.168.1.104 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11g iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. wlan0 IEEE 802.11g ESSID:"vincecarolradice" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.422 GHz Access Point: A0:21:B7:9F:E5:EE Bit Rate=121.5 Mb/s Tx-Power:32 dBm RTS thr:2347 B Fragment thr:2346 B Encryption key:off Power Management:off Link Quality:76/100 Signal level:-47 dBm Noise level:-96 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0 ndiswrapper -l bcmn43xx32 : driver installed device (0846:9020) present lsmod | grep ndis ndiswrapper 193669 0 dmesg | grep -e ndis -e wlan [ 907.466392] ndiswrapper version 1.56 loaded (smp=yes, preempt=no) [ 907.838507] ndiswrapper (import:233): unknown symbol: ntoskrnl.exe:'IoUnregisterPlugPlayNotification' [ 907.838955] ndiswrapper: driver bcmwlhigh5 (Netgear,11/05/2009, 5.60.180.11) loaded [ 908.137940] wlan0: ethernet device e0:91:f5:56:e1:0d using NDIS driver: bcmwlhigh5, version: 0x53cb40b, NDIS version: 0x501, vendor: 'NDIS Network Adapter', 0846:9020.F.conf [ 908.141879] wlan0: encryption modes supported: WEP; TKIP with WPA, WPA2, WPA2PSK; AES/CCMP with WPA, WPA2, WPA2PSK [ 908.143048] usbcore: registered new interface driver ndiswrapper [ 908.178826] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 994.015088] usbcore: deregistering interface driver ndiswrapper [ 994.028892] ndiswrapper: device wlan0 removed [ 994.080558] ndiswrapper version 1.56 loaded (smp=yes, preempt=no) [ 994.374929] ndiswrapper: driver bcmn43xx32 (,08/26/2009, 5.10.79.30) loaded [ 994.404366] ndiswrapper (mp_init:219): couldn't initialize device: C0000001 [ 994.404384] ndiswrapper (pnp_start_device:435): Windows driver couldn't initialize the device (C0000001) [ 994.404666] ndiswrapper (mp_halt:262): device e05b6480 is not initialized - not halting [ 994.404671] ndiswrapper: device eth%d removed [ 994.404709] ndiswrapper: probe of 1-5:1.0 failed with error -22 [ 994.406318] usbcore: registered new interface driver ndiswrapper [ 2302.058692] wlan0: ethernet device e0:91:f5:56:e1:0d using NDIS driver: bcmn43xx32, version: 0x50a4f1e, NDIS version: 0x501, vendor: 'NDIS Network Adapter', 0846:9020.F.conf [ 2302.060882] wlan0: encryption modes supported: WEP; TKIP with WPA, WPA2, WPA2PSK; AES/CCMP with WPA, WPA2, WPA2PSK [ 2302.113838] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 2354.611318] ndiswrapper (iw_set_auth:1602): invalid cmd 12 [ 2355.268902] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlan0: link becomes ready [ 2365.400023] wlan0: no IPv6 routers present [ 2779.226096] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 2779.422343] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 2797.574474] ndiswrapper (iw_set_auth:1602): invalid cmd 12 [ 2802.607937] ndiswrapper (iw_set_auth:1602): invalid cmd 12 [ 2803.261315] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlan0: link becomes ready [ 2813.952028] wlan0: no IPv6 routers present [ 3135.738431] ndiswrapper (iw_set_auth:1602): invalid cmd 12 [ 3139.180963] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 3139.816561] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 3163.229872] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 3163.444542] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 3163.758297] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 3163.860684] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 3205.118732] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 3205.139553] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 3205.300542] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 3353.341402] ndiswrapper (iw_set_auth:1602): invalid cmd 12 [ 3363.266399] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 3363.505475] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 3363.506619] ndiswrapper (set_iw_auth_mode:601): setting auth mode to 5 failed (00010003) [ 3363.717203] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 3363.779206] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 3405.206152] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 3405.248624] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 3405.577664] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 3438.852457] ndiswrapper (iw_set_auth:1602): invalid cmd 12 [ 3438.908573] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 3568.282995] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 3568.325237] ndiswrapper (set_iw_auth_mode:601): setting auth mode to 5 failed (00010003) [ 3568.460716] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 3568.461763] ndiswrapper (set_iw_auth_mode:601): setting auth mode to 5 failed (00010003) [ 3568.809776] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 3568.880641] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 3610.122848] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 3610.148328] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 3610.324502] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 3636.088798] ndiswrapper (iw_set_auth:1602): invalid cmd 12 [ 3636.712186] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlan0: link becomes ready [ 3647.600040] wlan0: no IPv6 routers present I am using the system now with the router security turned off. When I submit this, I will turn security back on.

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• Wireless card power management

  - by penner

  I have noticed that when my computer in plugged in, the wireless strength increases. I'm assuming this is to do with power management. Is there a way to disable Wireless Power Management? I have found a few blog posts that show hacks to disable this but what is best practice here? Should there not be an option via the power menu that lets you toggle this? EDIT -- FILES AND LOGS AS REQUESTED /var/log/kern.log Jul 11 11:45:27 CoolBreeze kernel: [ 6.528052] postgres (1308): /proc/1308/oom_adj is deprecated, please use /proc/1308/oom_score_adj instead. Jul 11 11:45:27 CoolBreeze kernel: [ 6.532080] [fglrx] Gart USWC size:1280 M. Jul 11 11:45:27 CoolBreeze kernel: [ 6.532084] [fglrx] Gart cacheable size:508 M. Jul 11 11:45:27 CoolBreeze kernel: [ 6.532091] [fglrx] Reserved FB block: Shared offset:0, size:1000000 Jul 11 11:45:27 CoolBreeze kernel: [ 6.532094] [fglrx] Reserved FB block: Unshared offset:f8fd000, size:403000 Jul 11 11:45:27 CoolBreeze kernel: [ 6.532098] [fglrx] Reserved FB block: Unshared offset:3fff4000, size:c000 Jul 11 11:45:38 CoolBreeze kernel: [ 17.423743] eth1: no IPv6 routers present Jul 11 11:46:37 CoolBreeze kernel: [ 75.836426] warning: `proftpd' uses 32-bit capabilities (legacy support in use) Jul 11 11:46:37 CoolBreeze kernel: [ 75.884215] init: plymouth-stop pre-start process (2922) terminated with status 1 Jul 11 11:54:25 CoolBreeze kernel: [ 543.679614] eth1: no IPv6 routers present dmesg [ 1.411959] ACPI: Power Button [PWRB] [ 1.412046] input: Sleep Button as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/device:00/PNP0C0E:00/input/input1 [ 1.412054] ACPI: Sleep Button [SLPB] [ 1.412150] input: Lid Switch as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/device:00/PNP0C0D:00/input/input2 [ 1.412765] ACPI: Lid Switch [LID0] [ 1.412866] input: Power Button as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXPWRBN:00/input/input3 [ 1.412874] ACPI: Power Button [PWRF] [ 1.412996] ACPI: Fan [FAN0] (off) [ 1.413068] ACPI: Fan [FAN1] (off) [ 1.419493] thermal LNXTHERM:00: registered as thermal_zone0 [ 1.419498] ACPI: Thermal Zone [TZ00] (27 C) [ 1.421913] thermal LNXTHERM:01: registered as thermal_zone1 [ 1.421918] ACPI: Thermal Zone [TZ01] (61 C) [ 1.421971] ACPI: Deprecated procfs I/F for battery is loaded, please retry with CONFIG_ACPI_PROCFS_POWER cleared [ 1.421986] ACPI: Battery Slot [BAT0] (battery present) [ 1.422062] ERST: Table is not found! [ 1.422067] GHES: HEST is not enabled! [ 1.422158] isapnp: Scanning for PnP cards... [ 1.422242] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 32 ports, IRQ sharing enabled [ 1.434620] ACPI: Battery Slot [BAT0] (battery present) [ 1.736355] Freeing initrd memory: 14352k freed [ 1.777846] isapnp: No Plug & Play device found [ 1.963650] Linux agpgart interface v0.103 [ 1.967148] brd: module loaded [ 1.968866] loop: module loaded [ 1.969134] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: version 3.0 [ 1.969154] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: PCI INT B -> GSI 19 (level, low) -> IRQ 19 [ 1.969226] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: irq 45 for MSI/MSI-X [ 1.969277] ahci: SSS flag set, parallel bus scan disabled [ 1.969320] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: AHCI 0001.0300 32 slots 6 ports 3 Gbps 0x23 impl SATA mode [ 1.969329] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: flags: 64bit ncq sntf stag pm led clo pio slum part ems sxs apst [ 1.969338] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: setting latency timer to 64 [ 1.983340] scsi0 : ahci [ 1.983515] scsi1 : ahci [ 1.983670] scsi2 : ahci [ 1.983829] scsi3 : ahci [ 1.983985] scsi4 : ahci [ 1.984145] scsi5 : ahci [ 1.984270] ata1: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m2048@0xf1005000 port 0xf1005100 irq 45 [ 1.984277] ata2: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m2048@0xf1005000 port 0xf1005180 irq 45 [ 1.984282] ata3: DUMMY [ 1.984285] ata4: DUMMY [ 1.984288] ata5: DUMMY [ 1.984292] ata6: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m2048@0xf1005000 port 0xf1005380 irq 45 [ 1.985150] Fixed MDIO Bus: probed [ 1.985192] tun: Universal TUN/TAP device driver, 1.6 [ 1.985196] tun: (C) 1999-2004 Max Krasnyansky <[email protected]> [ 1.985285] PPP generic driver version 2.4.2 [ 1.985472] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver [ 1.985507] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1a.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 16 (level, low) -> IRQ 16 [ 1.985534] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1a.0: setting latency timer to 64 [ 1.985541] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1a.0: EHCI Host Controller [ 1.985626] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1a.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1 [ 1.985666] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1a.0: debug port 2 [ 1.989663] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1a.0: cache line size of 64 is not supported [ 1.989690] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1a.0: irq 16, io mem 0xf1005800 [ 2.002183] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1a.0: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00 [ 2.002447] hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found [ 2.002455] hub 1-0:1.0: 3 ports detected [ 2.002607] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1d.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 23 (level, low) -> IRQ 23 [ 2.002633] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1d.0: setting latency timer to 64 [ 2.002639] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1d.0: EHCI Host Controller [ 2.002737] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1d.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2 [ 2.002775] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1d.0: debug port 2 [ 2.006780] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1d.0: cache line size of 64 is not supported [ 2.006806] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1d.0: irq 23, io mem 0xf1005c00 [ 2.022161] ehci_hcd 0000:00:1d.0: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00 [ 2.022401] hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found [ 2.022409] hub 2-0:1.0: 3 ports detected [ 2.022567] ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver [ 2.022599] uhci_hcd: USB Universal Host Controller Interface driver [ 2.022720] usbcore: registered new interface driver libusual [ 2.022813] i8042: PNP: PS/2 Controller [PNP0303:PS2K,PNP0f13:PS2M] at 0x60,0x64 irq 1,12 [ 2.035831] serio: i8042 KBD port at 0x60,0x64 irq 1 [ 2.035844] serio: i8042 AUX port at 0x60,0x64 irq 12 [ 2.036096] mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice [ 2.036710] rtc_cmos 00:07: RTC can wake from S4 [ 2.036881] rtc_cmos 00:07: rtc core: registered rtc_cmos as rtc0 [ 2.037143] rtc0: alarms up to one month, y3k, 242 bytes nvram, hpet irqs [ 2.037503] device-mapper: uevent: version 1.0.3 [ 2.037656] device-mapper: ioctl: 4.22.0-ioctl (2011-10-19) initialised: [email protected] [ 2.037725] EISA: Probing bus 0 at eisa.0 [ 2.037729] EISA: Cannot allocate resource for mainboard [ 2.037734] Cannot allocate resource for EISA slot 1 [ 2.037738] Cannot allocate resource for EISA slot 2 [ 2.037741] Cannot allocate resource for EISA slot 3 [ 2.037745] Cannot allocate resource for EISA slot 4 [ 2.037749] Cannot allocate resource for EISA slot 5 [ 2.037753] Cannot allocate resource for EISA slot 6 [ 2.037756] Cannot allocate resource for EISA slot 7 [ 2.037760] Cannot allocate resource for EISA slot 8 [ 2.037764] EISA: Detected 0 cards. [ 2.037782] cpufreq-nforce2: No nForce2 chipset. [ 2.038264] cpuidle: using governor ladder [ 2.039015] cpuidle: using governor menu [ 2.039019] EFI Variables Facility v0.08 2004-May-17 [ 2.040061] TCP cubic registered [ 2.041438] NET: Registered protocol family 10 [ 2.043814] NET: Registered protocol family 17 [ 2.043823] Registering the dns_resolver key type [ 2.044290] input: AT Translated Set 2 keyboard as /devices/platform/i8042/serio0/input/input4 [ 2.044336] Using IPI No-Shortcut mode [ 2.045620] PM: Hibernation image not present or could not be loaded. [ 2.045644] registered taskstats version 1 [ 2.073070] Magic number: 4:976:796 [ 2.073415] rtc_cmos 00:07: setting system clock to 2012-07-11 18:45:23 UTC (1342032323) [ 2.076654] BIOS EDD facility v0.16 2004-Jun-25, 0 devices found [ 2.076658] EDD information not available. [ 2.302111] ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) [ 2.302587] ata1.00: ATA-9: M4-CT128M4SSD2, 000F, max UDMA/100 [ 2.302595] ata1.00: 250069680 sectors, multi 16: LBA48 NCQ (depth 31/32), AA [ 2.303143] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/100 [ 2.303453] scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access ATA M4-CT128M4SSD2 000F PQ: 0 ANSI: 5 [ 2.303746] sd 0:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0 [ 2.303920] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 250069680 512-byte logical blocks: (128 GB/119 GiB) [ 2.304213] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off [ 2.304225] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 [ 2.304471] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [ 2.306818] sda: sda1 sda2 < sda5 > [ 2.308780] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk [ 2.318162] Refined TSC clocksource calibration: 1595.999 MHz. [ 2.318169] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 2 using ehci_hcd [ 2.318178] Switching to clocksource tsc [ 2.450939] hub 1-1:1.0: USB hub found [ 2.451121] hub 1-1:1.0: 6 ports detected [ 2.561786] usb 2-1: new high-speed USB device number 2 using ehci_hcd [ 2.621757] ata2: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 300) [ 2.636143] ata2.00: ATAPI: TSSTcorp DVD+/-RW TS-T633C, D800, max UDMA/100 [ 2.636152] ata2.00: applying bridge limits [ 2.649711] ata2.00: configured for UDMA/100 [ 2.653762] scsi 1:0:0:0: CD-ROM TSSTcorp DVD+-RW TS-T633C D800 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5 [ 2.661486] sr0: scsi3-mmc drive: 24x/24x writer dvd-ram cd/rw xa/form2 cdda tray [ 2.661494] cdrom: Uniform CD-ROM driver Revision: 3.20 [ 2.661890] sr 1:0:0:0: Attached scsi CD-ROM sr0 [ 2.662156] sr 1:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 5 [ 2.694649] hub 2-1:1.0: USB hub found [ 2.694840] hub 2-1:1.0: 8 ports detected [ 2.765823] usb 1-1.4: new high-speed USB device number 3 using ehci_hcd [ 2.981454] ata6: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300) [ 2.982597] Freeing unused kernel memory: 740k freed [ 2.983523] Write protecting the kernel text: 5816k [ 2.983808] Write protecting the kernel read-only data: 2376k [ 2.983811] NX-protecting the kernel data: 4424k [ 3.014594] udevd[127]: starting version 175 [ 3.068925] sdhci: Secure Digital Host Controller Interface driver [ 3.068932] sdhci: Copyright(c) Pierre Ossman [ 3.069714] sdhci-pci 0000:09:00.0: SDHCI controller found [1180:e822] (rev 1) [ 3.069742] sdhci-pci 0000:09:00.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 16 (level, low) -> IRQ 16 [ 3.069786] sdhci-pci 0000:09:00.0: Will use DMA mode even though HW doesn't fully claim to support it. [ 3.069798] sdhci-pci 0000:09:00.0: setting latency timer to 64 [ 3.069816] mmc0: no vmmc regulator found [ 3.069877] Registered led device: mmc0:: [ 3.070946] mmc0: SDHCI controller on PCI [0000:09:00.0] using DMA [ 3.071078] tg3.c:v3.121 (November 2, 2011) [ 3.071252] tg3 0000:0b:00.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 17 (level, low) -> IRQ 17 [ 3.071269] tg3 0000:0b:00.0: setting latency timer to 64 [ 3.071403] firewire_ohci 0000:09:00.3: PCI INT D -> GSI 19 (level, low) -> IRQ 19 [ 3.071417] firewire_ohci 0000:09:00.3: setting latency timer to 64 [ 3.078509] EXT4-fs (sda1): INFO: recovery required on readonly filesystem [ 3.078517] EXT4-fs (sda1): write access will be enabled during recovery [ 3.110417] tg3 0000:0b:00.0: eth0: Tigon3 [partno(BCM95784M) rev 5784100] (PCI Express) MAC address b8:ac:6f:71:02:a6 [ 3.110425] tg3 0000:0b:00.0: eth0: attached PHY is 5784 (10/100/1000Base-T Ethernet) (WireSpeed[1], EEE[0]) [ 3.110431] tg3 0000:0b:00.0: eth0: RXcsums[1] LinkChgREG[0] MIirq[0] ASF[0] TSOcap[1] [ 3.110436] tg3 0000:0b:00.0: eth0: dma_rwctrl[76180000] dma_mask[64-bit] [ 3.125492] firewire_ohci: Added fw-ohci device 0000:09:00.3, OHCI v1.10, 4 IR + 4 IT contexts, quirks 0x11 [ 3.390124] EXT4-fs (sda1): orphan cleanup on readonly fs [ 3.390135] EXT4-fs (sda1): ext4_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 7078710 [ 3.390232] EXT4-fs (sda1): ext4_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 2363071 [ 3.390327] EXT4-fs (sda1): ext4_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 7078711 [ 3.390350] EXT4-fs (sda1): ext4_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 7078709 [ 3.390367] EXT4-fs (sda1): ext4_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 7078708 [ 3.390384] EXT4-fs (sda1): ext4_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 7078707 [ 3.390401] EXT4-fs (sda1): ext4_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 7078706 [ 3.390417] EXT4-fs (sda1): ext4_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 7078705 [ 3.390435] EXT4-fs (sda1): ext4_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 7078551 [ 3.390452] EXT4-fs (sda1): ext4_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 7078523 [ 3.390470] EXT4-fs (sda1): ext4_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 7078520 [ 3.390487] EXT4-fs (sda1): ext4_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 7077901 [ 3.390551] EXT4-fs (sda1): ext4_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 4063272 [ 3.390562] EXT4-fs (sda1): ext4_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 4063266 [ 3.390572] EXT4-fs (sda1): ext4_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 4063261 [ 3.390582] EXT4-fs (sda1): ext4_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 4063256 [ 3.390592] EXT4-fs (sda1): ext4_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 4063255 [ 3.390602] EXT4-fs (sda1): ext4_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 2363072 [ 3.390620] EXT4-fs (sda1): ext4_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 2360050 [ 3.390698] EXT4-fs (sda1): ext4_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 5250064 [ 3.390710] EXT4-fs (sda1): ext4_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 2365394 [ 3.390728] EXT4-fs (sda1): ext4_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 2365390 [ 3.390745] EXT4-fs (sda1): 22 orphan inodes deleted [ 3.390748] EXT4-fs (sda1): recovery complete [ 3.397636] EXT4-fs (sda1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null) [ 3.624910] firewire_core: created device fw0: GUID 464fc000110e2661, S400 [ 3.927467] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready [ 3.929965] udevd[400]: starting version 175 [ 3.933581] Adding 6278140k swap on /dev/sda5. Priority:-1 extents:1 across:6278140k SS [ 3.945183] lp: driver loaded but no devices found [ 3.999389] wmi: Mapper loaded [ 4.016696] ite_cir: Auto-detected model: ITE8708 CIR transceiver [ 4.016702] ite_cir: Using model: ITE8708 CIR transceiver [ 4.016706] ite_cir: TX-capable: 1 [ 4.016710] ite_cir: Sample period (ns): 8680 [ 4.016713] ite_cir: TX carrier frequency (Hz): 38000 [ 4.016716] ite_cir: TX duty cycle (%): 33 [ 4.016719] ite_cir: RX low carrier frequency (Hz): 0 [ 4.016722] ite_cir: RX high carrier frequency (Hz): 0 [ 4.025684] fglrx: module license 'Proprietary. (C) 2002 - ATI Technologies, Starnberg, GERMANY' taints kernel. [ 4.025691] Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint [ 4.027410] IR NEC protocol handler initialized [ 4.030250] lib80211: common routines for IEEE802.11 drivers [ 4.030257] lib80211_crypt: registered algorithm 'NULL' [ 4.036024] IR RC5(x) protocol handler initialized [ 4.036092] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:1b.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 22 (level, low) -> IRQ 22 [ 4.036188] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:1b.0: irq 46 for MSI/MSI-X [ 4.036307] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:1b.0: setting latency timer to 64 [ 4.036361] [Firmware Bug]: ACPI: No _BQC method, cannot determine initial brightness [ 4.039006] acpi device:03: registered as cooling_device10 [ 4.039164] input: Video Bus as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/device:00/PNP0A08:00/device:01/LNXVIDEO:00/input/input5 [ 4.039261] ACPI: Video Device [M86] (multi-head: yes rom: no post: no) [ 4.049753] EXT4-fs (sda1): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro [ 4.050201] wl 0000:05:00.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 17 (level, low) -> IRQ 17 [ 4.050215] wl 0000:05:00.0: setting latency timer to 64 [ 4.052252] Registered IR keymap rc-rc6-mce [ 4.052432] input: ITE8708 CIR transceiver as /devices/virtual/rc/rc0/input6 [ 4.054614] IR RC6 protocol handler initialized [ 4.054787] rc0: ITE8708 CIR transceiver as /devices/virtual/rc/rc0 [ 4.054839] ite_cir: driver has been successfully loaded [ 4.057338] IR JVC protocol handler initialized [ 4.061553] IR Sony protocol handler initialized [ 4.066578] input: MCE IR Keyboard/Mouse (ite-cir) as /devices/virtual/input/input7 [ 4.066724] IR MCE Keyboard/mouse protocol handler initialized [ 4.072580] lirc_dev: IR Remote Control driver registered, major 250 [ 4.073280] rc rc0: lirc_dev: driver ir-lirc-codec (ite-cir) registered at minor = 0 [ 4.073286] IR LIRC bridge handler initialized [ 4.077849] Linux video capture interface: v2.00 [ 4.079402] uvcvideo: Found UVC 1.00 device Laptop_Integrated_Webcam_2M (0c45:640f) [ 4.085492] EDAC MC: Ver: 2.1.0 [ 4.087138] lib80211_crypt: registered algorithm 'TKIP' [ 4.091027] input: HDA Intel Mic as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input8 [ 4.091733] snd_hda_intel 0000:02:00.1: PCI INT B -> GSI 17 (level, low) -> IRQ 17 [ 4.091826] snd_hda_intel 0000:02:00.1: irq 47 for MSI/MSI-X [ 4.091861] snd_hda_intel 0000:02:00.1: setting latency timer to 64 [ 4.093115] EDAC i7core: Device not found: dev 00.0 PCI ID 8086:2c50 [ 4.112448] HDMI status: Codec=0 Pin=3 Presence_Detect=0 ELD_Valid=0 [ 4.112612] input: HD-Audio Generic HDMI/DP,pcm=3 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0/0000:02:00.1/sound/card1/input9 [ 4.113311] type=1400 audit(1342032325.540:2): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/sbin/dhclient" pid=658 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 4.114501] type=1400 audit(1342032325.540:3): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-dhcp-client.action" pid=658 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 4.115253] type=1400 audit(1342032325.540:4): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/lib/connman/scripts/dhclient-script" pid=658 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 4.121870] input: Laptop_Integrated_Webcam_2M as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.4/1-1.4:1.0/input/input10 [ 4.122096] usbcore: registered new interface driver uvcvideo [ 4.122100] USB Video Class driver (1.1.1) [ 4.128729] [fglrx] Maximum main memory to use for locked dma buffers: 5840 MBytes. [ 4.129678] [fglrx] vendor: 1002 device: 68c0 count: 1 [ 4.131991] [fglrx] ioport: bar 4, base 0x2000, size: 0x100 [ 4.132015] pci 0000:02:00.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 16 (level, low) -> IRQ 16 [ 4.132024] pci 0000:02:00.0: setting latency timer to 64 [ 4.133712] [fglrx] Kernel PAT support is enabled [ 4.133747] [fglrx] module loaded - fglrx 8.96.4 [Mar 12 2012] with 1 minors [ 4.162666] eth1: Broadcom BCM4727 802.11 Hybrid Wireless Controller 5.100.82.38 [ 4.184133] device-mapper: multipath: version 1.3.0 loaded [ 4.196660] dcdbas dcdbas: Dell Systems Management Base Driver (version 5.6.0-3.2) [ 4.279897] input: Dell WMI hotkeys as /devices/virtual/input/input11 [ 4.292402] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.16 [ 4.292449] NET: Registered protocol family 31 [ 4.292454] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized [ 4.292459] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized [ 4.292463] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized [ 4.292473] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized [ 4.296333] Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized [ 4.296342] Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized [ 4.296345] Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.11 [ 4.313586] ppdev: user-space parallel port driver [ 4.316619] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3 [ 4.316625] Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast [ 4.383980] type=1400 audit(1342032325.812:5): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/lib/cups/backend/cups-pdf" pid=938 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 4.385173] type=1400 audit(1342032325.812:6): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/sbin/cupsd" pid=938 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 4.425757] init: failsafe main process (898) killed by TERM signal [ 4.477052] type=1400 audit(1342032325.904:7): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/sbin/dhclient" pid=1011 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 4.477592] type=1400 audit(1342032325.904:8): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm/lightdm-guest-session-wrapper" pid=1010 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 4.478099] type=1400 audit(1342032325.904:9): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/sbin/tcpdump" pid=1017 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 4.479233] type=1400 audit(1342032325.904:10): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/lib/telepathy/mission-control-5" pid=1014 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 4.510060] vesafb: mode is 1152x864x32, linelength=4608, pages=0 [ 4.510065] vesafb: scrolling: redraw [ 4.510071] vesafb: Truecolor: size=0:8:8:8, shift=0:16:8:0 [ 4.510084] mtrr: no more MTRRs available [ 4.513081] vesafb: framebuffer at 0xd0000000, mapped to 0xf9400000, using 3904k, total 3904k [ 4.515203] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 144x54 [ 4.515278] fb0: VESA VGA frame buffer device [ 4.590743] tg3 0000:0b:00.0: irq 48 for MSI/MSI-X [ 4.702009] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready [ 4.704409] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready [ 4.978379] psmouse serio1: synaptics: Touchpad model: 1, fw: 7.2, id: 0x1c0b1, caps: 0xd04733/0xa40000/0xa0000 [ 5.030104] input: SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad as /devices/platform/i8042/serio1/input/input12 [ 5.045782] kvm: VM_EXIT_LOAD_IA32_PERF_GLOBAL_CTRL does not work properly. Using workaround [ 5.519573] [fglrx] ATIF platform detected with notification ID: 0x81 [ 6.391466] fglrx_pci 0000:02:00.0: irq 49 for MSI/MSI-X [ 6.393137] [fglrx] Firegl kernel thread PID: 1305 [ 6.393306] [fglrx] Firegl kernel thread PID: 1306 [ 6.393472] [fglrx] Firegl kernel thread PID: 1307 [ 6.393726] [fglrx] IRQ 49 Enabled [ 6.528052] postgres (1308): /proc/1308/oom_adj is deprecated, please use /proc/1308/oom_score_adj instead. [ 6.532080] [fglrx] Gart USWC size:1280 M. [ 6.532084] [fglrx] Gart cacheable size:508 M. [ 6.532091] [fglrx] Reserved FB block: Shared offset:0, size:1000000 [ 6.532094] [fglrx] Reserved FB block: Unshared offset:f8fd000, size:403000 [ 6.532098] [fglrx] Reserved FB block: Unshared offset:3fff4000, size:c000 [ 17.423743] eth1: no IPv6 routers present [ 75.836426] warning: `proftpd' uses 32-bit capabilities (legacy support in use) [ 75.884215] init: plymouth-stop pre-start process (2922) terminated with status 1 [ 543.679614] eth1: no IPv6 routers present lsmod Module Size Used by kvm_intel 127560 0 kvm 359456 1 kvm_intel joydev 17393 0 vesafb 13516 1 parport_pc 32114 0 bnep 17830 2 ppdev 12849 0 rfcomm 38139 0 bluetooth 158438 10 bnep,rfcomm dell_wmi 12601 0 sparse_keymap 13658 1 dell_wmi binfmt_misc 17292 1 dell_laptop 17767 0 dcdbas 14098 1 dell_laptop dm_multipath 22710 0 fglrx 2909855 143 snd_hda_codec_hdmi 31775 1 psmouse 72919 0 serio_raw 13027 0 i7core_edac 23382 0 lib80211_crypt_tkip 17275 0 edac_core 46858 1 i7core_edac uvcvideo 67203 0 snd_hda_codec_idt 60251 1 videodev 86588 1 uvcvideo ir_lirc_codec 12739 0 lirc_dev 18700 1 ir_lirc_codec ir_mce_kbd_decoder 12681 0 snd_seq_midi 13132 0 ir_sony_decoder 12462 0 ir_jvc_decoder 12459 0 snd_rawmidi 25424 1 snd_seq_midi ir_rc6_decoder 12459 0 wl 2646601 0 snd_seq_midi_event 14475 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq 51567 2 snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event ir_rc5_decoder 12459 0 video 19068 0 snd_hda_intel 32765 5 snd_seq_device 14172 3 snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq snd_hda_codec 109562 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_idt,snd_hda_intel rc_rc6_mce 12454 0 lib80211 14040 2 lib80211_crypt_tkip,wl snd_hwdep 13276 1 snd_hda_codec ir_nec_decoder 12459 0 snd_pcm 80845 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec ite_cir 24743 0 rc_core 21263 10 ir_lirc_codec,ir_mce_kbd_decoder,ir_sony_decoder,ir_jvc_decoder,ir_rc6_decoder,ir_rc5_decoder,rc_rc6_mce,ir_nec_decoder,ite_cir snd_timer 28931 2 snd_seq,snd_pcm wmi 18744 1 dell_wmi snd 62064 20 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_idt,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq,snd_seq_device,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hwdep,snd_pcm,snd_timer mac_hid 13077 0 soundcore 14635 1 snd snd_page_alloc 14108 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm coretemp 13269 0 lp 17455 0 parport 40930 3 parport_pc,ppdev,lp tg3 141369 0 firewire_ohci 40172 0 sdhci_pci 18324 0 firewire_core 56906 1 firewire_ohci sdhci 28241 1 sdhci_pci crc_itu_t 12627 1 firewire_core lshw *-network description: Wireless interface product: BCM4313 802.11b/g/n Wireless LAN Controller vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:05:00.0 logical name: eth1 version: 01 serial: 70:f1:a1:a9:54:31 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=wl0 driverversion=5.100.82.38 ip=192.168.0.117 latency=0 multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11 resources: irq:17 memory:f0900000-f0903fff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: NetLink BCM5784M Gigabit Ethernet PCIe vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:0b:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 10 serial: b8:ac:6f:71:02:a6 capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm vpd msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=tg3 driverversion=3.121 firmware=sb v2.19 latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=twisted pair resources: irq:48 memory:f0d00000-f0d0ffff

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• Namespaced Backbone.js Views not firing events

  - by Stasio

  I'm currently getting started with Backbone.js. I've wrote some examples with Backbone and they are working fine. But now I need to use Backbone.js with Rails 3.1 and CoffeeScript. I took my well-working examples and rewrote on CoffeeScript using backbone-rails gem. And got the following problem. I've simplyfied code, but the problem is still remaining I've got the following files: Here I'm starting my Backbone app at main.js.coffee file according to my main_controller in rails app: $ = jQuery $-> CsfTaskManager.init() Here is backbone app description: #= require_self #= require_tree ./templates #= require_tree ./models #= require_tree ./views #= require_tree ./routers window.CsfTaskManager = Models: {} Collections: {} Routers: {} Views: {} init: -> new CsfTaskManager.Routers.AppRouter() Backbone.history.start() This is my apps' router: class CsfTaskManager.Routers.AppRouter extends Backbone.Router initialize: (options) -> goalsBlock = new CsfTaskManager.Views.goalsView() routes: "!/": "root", some other routes... And finally view: class CsfTaskManager.Views.goalsView extends Backbone.View initialize: -> this.goals = new CsfTaskManager.Collections.GoalsCollection() el: $('div#app'), events: "click .add-btn": "addGoal" addGoal: -> alert('ji') HTML page has such code: <div id="app"> <div class="app-screen hidden" id="goal-form" style="display: block; "> <button class="btn" id="load"> Load </button> <h3> New Goal </h3> <div class="form-stacked"> <form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/goals" class="new_goal" id="new_goal" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="?"><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="Pnt+V/tS1/b079M/1ZIRdw2ss1D6bvJKVh868DXRjUg="></div> <label for="goal_title">Title</label> <p></p> <input class="goal-title" id="goal_title" name="goal[title]" size="30" type="text"> <p></p> <label for="goal_note">Note</label> <p></p> <input class="goal-note" id="goal_note" name="goal[note]" size="30" type="text"> </form> </div> <p> <button class="add-btn btn"> Add </button> </p> <ul id="goals-list"></ul> </div> <table class="app-screen bordered-table" id="calendar-grid" style="display: none; "> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"> week </td> </tr> <tr> <td> day </td> <td> <div id="calendar"></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="app-screen hidden" id="role-form" style="display: none; "> <h3> New User Role </h3> <div class="form-stacked"> <form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/roles" class="new_role" id="new_role" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="?"><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="Pnt+V/tS1/b079M/1ZIRdw2ss1D6bvJKVh868DXRjUg="></div> <label for="role_title">Title</label> <p></p> <input class="role-title" id="role_name" name="role[name]" size="30" type="text"> <p></p> <label for="role_note">Note</label> <p></p> <input class="role-note" id="role_description" name="role[description]" size="30" type="text"> </form> </div> <p> <button class="add-btn btn"> Add </button> </p> </div> </div> So .add-btn element is nested in #app, but click on this button doesn't fire event. Where can be a trouble? Before, when I had the same app in one .js file, without of coffeescript, namespacing and backbone-rails gem, everything was allright. Bytheway, appRouter works fine, goalsView object is created successfully too, but events don't fire for some reasons. Please give me some hint, because I'm really got stuck...

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• udp through nat

  - by youllknow

  Hi everyone! I've two private networks (each of them behind a typical dsl router). The routers are connected to the WWW. The extern interface of each router have one dynamic IP address. I want to stream data via UDP directly between one client in private network A and one client in private network B. I've already tried a lot of things (see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UDP_hole_punching, or STUN). But it wasn't possible for me to transfer data between the two clients. It's possible to use a server (located in the WWW, with static IP) to transfer the extern IPs (and extern ports) from the routers between the clients. So imagine client A knows client B's external IP and client B's external port assigned by his router. I simply tried sending UDP packet to the receivers external IP/port combination, but without any result. So does anyone know what do to communicate via UDP throw the two NAT routers? It must be possible??? Or does Skype, for example, not directly communicate between the clients when the call eachother (voice over ip). I am sorry for my bad English! If something is confusing don't mind asking me!!! Thanks for your help in advance. ::::EDIT:::: I can't get pwnat or chownat working. I tried it with my own dsl-gateway - didn't work. Then I set up a complete virtual environment using VMWare. C1 (Client 1, WinXP Prof SP3): 172.16.16.100/24, GW 172.16.16.1 C2 (Client 2, WinXP Prof SP3): 10.0.0.100/24, GW 10.0.0.1 C3 (Client 3, WinXP Prof SP3): 3.0.0.2/24, GW 3.0.0.1 S1 (Ubuntu 10.04 x64 Server): eth0: 172.16.16.1/24, eth1: 1.0.0.2/24 GW 1.0.0.1 S2 (Ubuntu 10.04 x64 Server): eth0: 10.0.0.1/24, eth1: 2.0.0.2/24 GW 2.0.0.1 S3 (Ubuntu 10.04 x64 Server): eth0: 1.0.0.1/24, eth1: 2.0.0.1/24, eth2: 3.0.0.1/24 +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ |C1|-----|S1|-----|S3|-----|S2|-----|C2| +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ | +--+ |C3| +--+ Server S1 and S2 provide NAT functionality. (they have routing enabled and provide a firewall, which allows trafic from the internal net and provide the nat functionality) Server S3 has routing enabled. The client firewalls are turned off. C1 and C2 are able to ping C3, e.g. visit C3's webserver. They are also able to send UDP Packets to C3 (C3 successful receives them)! C1 and C2 have also webservers running for test reasons. I run ""chownat -s 80 2.0.0.2"" at C1, and ""chownat -c 8000 1.0.0.2"" at C2. Then I tried to access the Webpage from C1 via webbrower localhost at port 8000. It didn't work. Can anybody help me? Any suggestions? If you have any questions to my question, please ask!

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• What is the usage of Splay Trees in the real world?

  - by Meena

  I decided to learn about balanced search trees, so I picked 2-3-4 and splay trees. What are the examples of splay trees usage in the real world? In this Cornell: http://www.cs.cornell.edu/courses/cs3110/2009fa/recitations/rec-splay.html I read that splay trees are 'A good example is a network router'. But from rest of the explanation seams like network routers use hash tables and not splay trees since the lookup time is constant instead of O(log n).

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• Sixnet Aims to Broaden Industrial Networking Field

  The rugged switches and routers that drive networks on oil rigs, power stations and research operations in Antarctica don't always feature high-end enterprise capabilities. Sixnet is out to change that.

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• What is the usage of Spaly Trees in the real world?

  - by Meena

  I decided to learn about Balance search trees, so I picked 2-3-4 and splay trees. I'm wondering what are the examples of splay trees usage in the real world? In this Cornell: http://www.cs.cornell.edu/courses/cs3110/2009fa/recitations/rec-splay.html I read that splay trees are 'A good example is a network router'. But from rest of the explanation seams like network routers use hash tables and not splay trees since the lookup time is constant instead of O(log n). thanks!

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• Ubuntu won't connect to wired network

  - by djeikyb

  I'm running 10.04, upgraded from 9.10, maybe, but probably not upgraded from 9.04. I have two wifi routers. Zeus is connected to the dsl modem. Hermes uses a wds bridge with Zeus to extend the network. My desktop (Daedalus) is ethernetted to Hermes. My laptop (Clyde) is wifi, switching to Hermes or Zeus as needed. Occasionally, as in whenever I transfer a large file from desktop to laptop, the wds bridge will die. Fixing it means restarting both routers, though it seems Hermes should boot first. This is ridiculous, and eventually I'll get around to asking you guys to help me stop it from happening. More importantly is that my desktop requires a reboot to get back on the network. WTF. ifconfig shows my nic has no ip. /etc/init.d/networking restart doesn't do anything, not even give me a lousy ip. dhcpcd eth1 grants me an ip address, but doesn't help with internet access. route -n shows what looks like my normal routing table, but pinging google.com informs me it's an unknown host. jake@daedalus:~$ route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1 It may be worth noting that I can ping both Zeus (10.1.1.1) and Hermes (10.1.1.4) and my laptop (10.1.1.55). Much obliged for any help. Rebooting is, well, trivial in this instance. But it's stupid. I switched to linux because I like the idea that if one part breaks, you fix it instead of reboot reboot reboot. I've left my poor desktop in disarray, confining myself to my little netbook. My desktop is broken, awaiting magical commands from you brilliant folk. (and yes, i know clyde the netbook should be named icarus. it was its original name. ironically the ssd burned out, and i felt it wasn't right when it came to reinstalling)

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• Bring the Dragonborn to Your Desktop with the Elder Scrolls – Skyrim Theme for Windows 7

  - by Asian Angel

  Prepare your desktop for the journey to the world of Tamriel and the epic quest to defeat Alduin with the Elder Scrolls – Skyrim Theme for Windows 7. The theme comes with 16 Hi-Res wallpapers, custom icons, and system sounds from the game that will fill your desktop with legendary adventure. View Additional Screenshots of the Theme Download the Theme HTG Explains: Understanding Routers, Switches, and Network Hardware How to Use Offline Files in Windows to Cache Your Networked Files Offline How to See What Web Sites Your Computer is Secretly Connecting To

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• Computer Networks UNISA - Chap 10 &ndash; In Depth TCP/IP Networking

  - by MarkPearl

  After reading this section you should be able to Understand methods of network design unique to TCP/IP networks, including subnetting, CIDR, and address translation Explain the differences between public and private TCP/IP networks Describe protocols used between mail clients and mail servers, including SMTP, POP3, and IMAP4 Employ multiple TCP/IP utilities for network discovery and troubleshooting Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks The following sections explain how network and host information in an IPv4 address can be manipulated to subdivide networks into smaller segments. Subnetting Subnetting separates a network into multiple logically defined segments, or subnets. Networks are commonly subnetted according to geographic locations, departmental boundaries, or technology types. A network administrator might separate traffic to accomplish the following… Enhance security Improve performance Simplify troubleshooting The challenges of Classful Addressing in IPv4 (No subnetting) The simplest type of IPv4 is known as classful addressing (which was the Class A, Class B & Class C network addresses). Classful addressing has the following limitations. Restriction in the number of usable IPv4 addresses (class C would be limited to 254 addresses) Difficult to separate traffic from various parts of a network Because of the above reasons, subnetting was introduced. IPv4 Subnet Masks Subnetting depends on the use of subnet masks to identify how a network is subdivided. A subnet mask indicates where network information is located in an IPv4 address. The 1 in a subnet mask indicates that corresponding bits in the IPv4 address contain network information (likewise 0 indicates the opposite) Each network class is associated with a default subnet mask… Class A = 255.0.0.0 Class B = 255.255.0.0 Class C = 255.255.255.0 An example of calculating  the network ID for a particular device with a subnet mask is shown below.. IP Address = 199.34.89.127 Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0 Resultant Network ID = 199.34.89.0 IPv4 Subnetting Techniques Subnetting breaks the rules of classful IPv4 addressing. Read page 490 for a detailed explanation Calculating IPv4 Subnets Read page 491 – 494 for an explanation Important… Subnetting only applies to the devices internal to your network. Everything external looks at the class of the IP address instead of the subnet network ID. This way, traffic directed to your network externally still knows where to go, and once it has entered your internal network it can then be prioritized and segmented. CIDR (classless Interdomain Routing) CIDR is also known as classless routing or supernetting. In CIDR conventional network class distinctions do not exist, a subnet boundary can move to the left, therefore generating more usable IP addresses on your network. A subnet created by moving the subnet boundary to the left is known as a supernet. With CIDR also came new shorthand for denoting the position of subnet boundaries known as CIDR notation or slash notation. CIDR notation takes the form of the network ID followed by a forward slash (/) followed by the number of bits that are used for the extended network prefix. To take advantage of classless routing, your networks routers must be able to interpret IP addresses that don;t adhere to conventional network class parameters. Routers that rely on older routing protocols (i.e. RIP) are not capable of interpreting classless IP addresses. Internet Gateways Gateways are a combination of software and hardware that enable two different network segments to exchange data. A gateway facilitates communication between different networks or subnets. Because on device cannot send data directly to a device on another subnet, a gateway must intercede and hand off the information. Every device on a TCP/IP based network has a default gateway (a gateway that first interprets its outbound requests to other subnets, and then interprets its inbound requests from other subnets). The internet contains a vast number of routers and gateways. If each gateway had to track addressing information for every other gateway on the Internet, it would be overtaxed. Instead, each handles only a relatively small amount of addressing information, which it uses to forward data to another gateway that knows more about the data’s destination. The gateways that make up the internet backbone are called core gateways. Address Translation An organizations default gateway can also be used to “hide” the organizations internal IP addresses and keep them from being recognized on a public network. A public network is one that any user may access with little or no restrictions. On private networks, hiding IP addresses allows network managers more flexibility in assigning addresses. Clients behind a gateway may use any IP addressing scheme, regardless of whether it is recognized as legitimate by the Internet authorities but as soon as those devices need to go on the internet, they must have legitimate IP addresses to exchange data. When a clients transmission reaches the default gateway, the gateway opens the IP datagram and replaces the client’s private IP address with an Internet recognized IP address. This process is known as NAT (Network Address Translation). TCP/IP Mail Services All Internet mail services rely on the same principles of mail delivery, storage, and pickup, though they may use different types of software to accomplish these functions. Email servers and clients communicate through special TCP/IP application layer protocols. These protocols, all of which operate on a variety of operating systems are discussed below… SMTP (Simple Mail transfer Protocol) The protocol responsible for moving messages from one mail server to another over TCP/IP based networks. SMTP belongs to the application layer of the ODI model and relies on TCP as its transport protocol. Operates from port 25 on the SMTP server Simple sub-protocol, incapable of doing anything more than transporting mail or holding it in a queue MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) The standard message format specified by SMTP allows for lines that contain no more than 1000 ascii characters meaning if you relied solely on SMTP you would have very short messages and nothing like pictures included in an email. MIME us a standard for encoding and interpreting binary files, images, video, and non-ascii character sets within an email message. MIME identifies each element of a mail message according to content type. MIME does not replace SMTP but works in conjunction with it. Most modern email clients and servers support MIME POP (Post Office Protocol) POP is an application layer protocol used to retrieve messages from a mail server POP3 relies on TCP and operates over port 110 With POP3 mail is delivered and stored on a mail server until it is downloaded by a user Disadvantage of POP3 is that it typically does not allow users to save their messages on the server because of this IMAP is sometimes used IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) IMAP is a retrieval protocol that was developed as a more sophisticated alternative to POP3 The single biggest advantage IMAP4 has over POP3 is that users can store messages on the mail server, rather than having to continually download them Users can retrieve all or only a portion of any mail message Users can review their messages and delete them while the messages remain on the server Users can create sophisticated methods of organizing messages on the server Users can share a mailbox in a central location Disadvantages of IMAP are typically related to the fact that it requires more storage space on the server. Additional TCP/IP Utilities Nearly all TCP/IP utilities can be accessed from the command prompt on any type of server or client running TCP/IP. The syntaxt may differ depending on the OS of the client. Below is a list of additional TCP/IP utilities – research their use on your own! Ipconfig (Windows) & Ifconfig (Linux) Netstat Nbtstat Hostname, Host & Nslookup Dig (Linux) Whois (Linux) Traceroute (Tracert) Mtr (my traceroute) Route

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• Oracle Magazine, January/February 2010

  Oracle Magazine January/February features articles on the evolution of enterprise architecture, customer acquisition and retention with Oracle CRM On Demand, Oracle awards for 2009, task flow routers, privacy and security, Oracle Essbase, compressing with Oracle Exadata Hybrid Columnar Compression, Tom Kyte on Oracle Database 11g Release 2 and much more.

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• How to use Salt Stack with minions all behind NAT (not publicly accessible, default salt ports not open)?

  - by MountainX

  Can Salt Stack minions communicate with the salt master from behind NAT/Firewalls, etc., using standard ports that would be open be default in all consumer NAT routers (and without the minions having a public DNS record or static IP)? I'm working my way through my first salt tutorial, and this is where I'm stuck. I am able to configure iptables on the Ubuntu salt-master. But I have no control over the routers/NAT that the minions will sit behind. So far I tried these settings: /etc/salt/master: publish_port: 465 ret_port: 443 /etc/salt/minion: master_port: 465 That did not work. Background: I have a custom developed application presently running on about 40 Kubuntu laptops (& more planned). Every few months I have to update the application. (Often this just amounts to replacing a .jar file, which requires root permissions.) I also have to run Ubuntu updates and a few other minor things. I've been doing it manually, one by one, using Team Viewer to log into each client. I would like to dramatically improve this process. The two options I'm aware of are either: use reverse ssh tunnels and bash scripts. I tested this and it works. But I don't get any of the reporting, etc., I would get with Salt Stack. use Salt Stack (or similar) management tool. But I need a really simple tool. I can't invest any time in a big learning curve. I looked at Puppet and a bunch of related tools. The only one I found that looked simple enough for me (so far) was Salt Stack. But I'm stuck now because my minion can't reach the salt-master, as stated above. I appreciate suggestions.

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• ICMP Redirect Theory VS. Application

  - by joeqwerty

  I'm trying to watch ICMP redirects in a lab using Cisco Packet Tracer (version 5.3.2) and I'm not seeing them, which leads me to believe that either my lab configuration isn't correct or my understanding of ICMP redirects isn't correct or that Packet Tracer doesn't support/use ICMP redirects. Here's what I believe to be true regarding ICMP redirects: Routers send ICMP redirects when all of these conditions are met: The interface on which the packet comes into the router is the same interface on which the packet gets routed out. The subnet or network of the source IP address is on the same subnet or network of the next-hop IP address of the routed packet. The datagram is not source-routed. The router kernel is configured to send redirects. I have the lab set up in Cisco Packet Tracer as displayed in the image and would expect to see an ICMP redirect from Router1 when pinging from PC1 to PC3. I'm not seeing the ICMP redirect and it looks like Router1 is actually routing all of the packets via Router2. I have IP ICMP debugging enabled on Router1 (and Router2) and I'm not seeing any ICMP redirect activity in either console. I'm also not seeing a route to the PC3 network in the routing table on PC1, which I think confirms that the ICMP redirect is not occurring. I'm using only static routing on Routers 1 and 2. Is my understanding of ICMP redirects incorrect, or is there a problem with my lab configuration or does Packet Tracer not support/use ICMP redirects?

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• How to configure a Router (TL-WR1043ND) to work in WDS mode?

  - by LanceBaynes

  I have a WRT160NL router (192.168.1.0/24 - OpenWrt 10.04) as AP. It's: - WAN port: connected to the ISP - WLAN: working as an AP, using 64 bit WEP/SSID: "MYWORKINGSSID", channel 5, using password: "MYPASSWORDHERE" - It's IP Address is: 192.168.1.1 Ok! It's working great! But: I have a TL-WR1043ND router that I want to configure as a "WDS". (My purpose is to extend the wireless range of the original WRT160NL.) Here is how I configure the TL-WR1043ND: 1) I enable WDS bridging. 2) In the "Survey" I select my already working network. 3) I set up the encryption (exact same like the already working one) 4) I choose channel 5 5) I type the SSID 6) I disable the DHCP server on it. After I reboot the router and connect to this router (TL-WR1043ND) over wireless I'm trying to ping google.com. From the ping I see that I can reach this router, that's ok, but it seems like that this router can't connect to the original one, the WRT160NL (so I don't get ping reply from Google). The encryption settings/password is good I checked it many-many-many times. what could be the problem? I'm thinking it could be a routing problem, but what should I add to the "Static Routing" menu? I tried to change the IP address of the TL-WR1043ND to: 192.168.1.2 So if this a routing issue then I should add a static routing rule that says: If destination: any then forward the packet to 192.168.1.1 p.s.: I updated the Firmware to the latest version. It's still the same. p.s.2: The HW version of the TL-WR1043ND is 1.8 p.s.3: Could that be the problem that I use different routers? (If I would buy.. another TL-WR1043ND and use it instead of the WRT160NL, and with normal Firmware, not OpenWrt, then it would work?? The "WDS" is different on different routers?) p.s.4: I will try to check the router logs@night - and paste it here! :\

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• route propogation using OSPF in a network

  - by liv2hak

  I am using Juniper J-series routers to emulate a small telco and VPN customer.The internal routing will be configured with OSPF,MPLS including a default and backup path,RSVP for distributing labels withing the telco,OSPF for distributing routes from the customer edge (CE) routers to the VRF's in the adjacent PE's and finally iBGP for distributing customer routes between VRF's in different PEs. The topology of the network is shown below. The Addressing scheme for the network is as follows. UOW-TAU ******* ge-0/0/0 192.168.3.1 TAU-PE1 ******* ge-0/0/0 10.0.1.0 ge-0/0/1 10.0.2.0 ge-0/0/2 192.168.3.2 TAU-P1 ****** ge-0/0/0 172.16.1.0 ge-0/0/1 172.16.3.1 ge-0/0/2 10.0.2.2 HAM-P1 ****** ge-0/0/0 172.16.3.2 ge-0/0/1 172.16.2.1 ge-0/0/3 10.0.3.2 ACK-P1 ****** ge-0/0/0 172.16.1.2 ge-0/0/2 172.16.2.2 ge-0/0/3 10.0.1.2 HAM-PE1 ******* ge-0/0/0 10.0.3.1 ge-0/0/2 192.168.4.2 UOW-HAM ******* ge-0/0/0 192.168.4.1 I also set up loopback address for each node. I want to setup OSPF so that path to each internal subnet and router loopback address is propogated to all PE and P nodes.I also want to select a single area for PE and P nodes,and on each node I should add each interface that should be propogated. How do I accomplish this.? With my understanding below is the procedure to achieve this.Is the below explanation correct? I set up OSPF on UOW-TAU ge-0/0/0 interface and ge-0/0/1 interface and UOW-HAM ge-0/0/0 interface and ge-0/0/1 interface. let me call this Area 100. Once I have done this I should be able to reach each node from others using ping and traceroute. Any help is highly appreciated.

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• Tips on setting up a virtual lab for self-learning networking topics

  - by Harry

  I'm trying to self-learn the following topics on Linux (preferably Fedora): Network programming (using sockets API), especially across proxies and firewalls Proxies (of various kinds like transparent, http, socks...), Firewalls (iptables) and 'basic' Linux security SNAT, DNAT Network admininstration power tools: nc, socat (with all its options), ssh, openssl, etc etc. Now, I know that, ideally, it would be best if I had 'enough' number of physical nodes and physical network equipment (routers, switches, etc) for this self-learning exercise. But, obviously, don't have the budget or the physical space, nor want to be wasteful -- especially, when things could perhaps be simulated/emulated in a Linux environment. I have got one personal workstation, which is a single-homed Fedora desktop with 4GB memory, 200+ GB disk, and a 4-core CPU. I may be able to get 3 to 4 additional low-end Fedora workstations. But all of these -- including mine -- will always remain strictly behind our corporate firewall :-( Now, I know I could use VirtualBox-based virtual nodes, but don't know if there are any better alternatives disk- and memory- footprint-wise. Would you be able to give me some tips or suggestions on how to get started setting up this little budget- and space-constrained 'virtual lab' of mine? For example, how would I create virtual routers? Has someone attempted this sort of thing before: namely, creating a virtual network lab behind a corporate firewall for learning/development/testing purposes? I hope my question is not vague or too open-ended. Basically, right now, I don't know how to best leverage the Linux environment and the various 'goodies' it comes with, and buying physical devices only when it is absolutely necessary.

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• Is there a small business router that shows bandwidth usage graphs in the admin panel?

  - by Robert Drake

  I support a large number of public libraries that are having their networks upgraded in response to a grant application. These libraries are generally home to between 6-15 computers and have little or no tech services either onsite or contracted remotely. In order to justify current and future purchases, a number of the libraries have requested routers that can provide bandwidth usage graphs that they can show to their managing boards. Is there a small business router that displays traffic graphs in the router administration web interface? The router needs to suppport DHCP and basic firewalling. No other features are required. Further, the reports just need to show overall trends. It is not necessary to show traffic by IP, by protocol/application, or by time of day. They just need an overall week to week, month to month, trend line. I'm familiar with MRTG/PRTG/tools that collect SNMP data from the router, but the libraries don't have the expertise for the configuration. I've considered installing the tomato firmware on some cheap home/home office routers, but if there's a commercial product that can be purchased that would be significantly simpler. Also the library boards would be much more likely to approve the purchase of a commercial product over a 'hacked' one. Any assistance would be appreciated.

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• Configure Cisco Pix 515 with DMZ and no NAT

  - by Rickard

  I hope that someone could shed some light over my situation, as I am fairly new to PIX configurations. I will be getting a new net for my department, which I am going to configure. At my hands, I have a Cisco PIX 515 (not E), a Cisco 2948 switch (and if needed, I can bring up a 2621XM router, but this is my private and not owned by my dept.). The network I will be getting is the following: 10.12.33.0/26 Link net between the ISP routers and my network will be 10.12.32.0/29 where GW is .1 and HSRP roututers are .2 and .3 The ISP has asked me not to NAT the addresses on my side, as they will set it up to give 10.12.33.2 as a one-to-one nat to a public IP. The rest of the IP's will be a many-to-one NAT to another public IP. 10.12.33.2 is supposed to be my server placed on the DMZ, the rest of the IP's will be used for my clients and the AD server (which is currently also acting as a DHCP server in the old network config with another ISP). Now, the question is, how would I best configure this? I mean, am I thinking wrong here, I am expected to put the PIX first from the ISP outlet, then to the switch which will connect my clients. But with the ISP routers being on a different network, how will the firewall forward the packets to the other network, it's a firewall, not a router. I have actually never configured a pix before, and fortunately, this is more like a lab network, not a production network, so if something goes wrong it's not the end of the world, if though annoying. I am not asking for a full configuration from anyone, just some directions, or possibly some links which will give me some hints. Thank you very much!

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• Multiple Internet connections, multiple networks and split access in Linux

  - by Swapneel Patnekar

  I am having trouble setting up multiple internet connections for split access in Linux. We have 3 internet connections from 3 different ISP's. We want to configure our Linux gateway machine such that our three internal networks 10.2.1.0/24, 192.168.20.0/24 & 192.168.2.0/24 use ISP1, ISP2 and ISP3 respectively in a split access manner. Outlined below is the layout/settings, Interfaces of the Linux Gateway connected to Routers: eth0: 10.1.1.2<---------->10.1.1.1(Internal Interface of ADSL Router)[ISP1] eth1: 192.168.15.2<------>192.168.15.1(Internal Interface of 3G Router)[ISP2] eth3: 192.168.1.2<------->192.168.1.1(Internal Interface of ADSL Router)[ISP3] Kindly note that none of the interfaces in the Linux gateway has a public static IP address. Routers of ISP1 and ISP2 get assigned a dynamic public IP address when connected to the Internet, router of ISP3 has been assigned a public static IP address. Interface of Linux gateway connected to a switch, eth4: 10.2.1.1(LAN Interface for ISP1) eth4:0 192.168.20.1(LAN interface for ISP2) eth4:1 192.168.2.1(LAN Interface for ISP3) eth4:0 & eth4:1 are virtual interfaces with eth4 being the interface connected physically. Based on http://linux-ip.net/html/adv-multi-internet.html I've set the following routes, ip route flush table 4 ip route show table main | grep -Ev ^default | while read ROUTE ; do ip route add table 4 $ROUTE done ip route add table 4 default via 192.168.15.1 ip rule add fwmark 4 table 4 ip route flush cache Additionally, using the following iptables rules to mark & route packets as per the guide mentioned above : http://pastebin.com/KzWHFGJA At this point, computers from 192.168.2.0/24 network are successfully able to reach the Internet through ISP3. 192.168.20.0/24 and 10.2.1.0/24 are unable to access the Internet through ISP1 and ISP2 respectively. Any inputs will be much appreciated !

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• Multiple Set Peer for VPN Failover

  - by Kyle Brandt

  I will have two Cisco routers at Location A serving the same internal networks, and one router in location B. Currently, I have one router in each location with a IPSec site-to-site tunnel connecting them. It looks something like: Location A: crypto map crypto-map-1 1 ipsec-isakmp description Tunnel to Location B set peer 12.12.12.12 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA match address internal-ips Location B: crypto map crypto-map-1 1 ipsec-isakmp description Tunnel to Location A set peer 11.11.11.11 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA match address internal-ips Can I achieve fail over by simply adding another set peer at location B?: Location A (New secondary Router, configuration on previous router stays the same): crypto map crypto-map-1 1 ipsec-isakmp description Tunnel to Location B set peer 12.12.12.12 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA match address internal-ips Location B (Configuration Changed): crypto map crypto-map-1 1 ipsec-isakmp description Tunnel to Location A set peer 11.11.11.11 ! 11.11.11.100 is the ip of the new second router at location A set peer 11.11.11.100 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA match address internal-ips Cisco Says: For crypto map entries created with the crypto map map-name seq-num ipsec-isakmp command, you can specify multiple peers by repeating this command. The peer that packets are actually sent to is determined by the last peer that the router heard from (received either traffic or a negotiation request from) for a given data flow. If the attempt fails with the first peer, Internet Key Exchange (IKE) tries the next peer on the crypto map list. But I don't fully understand that in the context of a failover scenerio (One of the routers as Location A blowing up).

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• Why won't dhclient use the static IP I'm telling it to request?

  - by mike

  Here's my /etc/dhcp3/dhclient.conf: request subnet-mask, broadcast-address, time-offset, routers, domain-name, domain-name-servers, domain-search, host-name, netbios-name-servers, netbios-scope, interface-mtu; timeout 60; reject 192.168.1.27; alias { interface "eth0"; fixed-address 192.168.1.222; } lease { interface "eth0"; fixed-address 192.168.1.222; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; option broadcast-address 255.255.255.255; option routers 192.168.1.254; option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.254; } When I run "dhclient eth0", I get this: There is already a pid file /var/run/dhclient.pid with pid 6511 killed old client process, removed PID file Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.1.1 Copyright 2004-2008 Internet Systems Consortium. All rights reserved. For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/sw/dhcp/ wmaster0: unknown hardware address type 801 wmaster0: unknown hardware address type 801 Listening on LPF/eth0/00:1c:25:97:82:20 Sending on LPF/eth0/00:1c:25:97:82:20 Sending on Socket/fallback DHCPREQUEST of 192.168.1.27 on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 DHCPACK of 192.168.1.27 from 192.168.1.254 bound to 192.168.1.27 -- renewal in 1468 seconds. I used strace to make sure that dhclient really is reading that conf file. Why isn't it paying attention to my "reject 192.168.1.27" and "fixed-address 192.168.1.222" lines?

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• is it good to have or difference between ADSL Modem+WiFi Router and Separate ADSL Modem & Wi-Fi Router?

  - by vikas devde

  I have ADSL2 Modem which I got from my service provider, now I want to setup wireless(Wi-Fi) in my home. I went to shop, where I came to know that there are routers which come up with modem also but they are priced lil higher than the only wi-fi routers. Now it is obvious that I should go for only wi-fi one, as I already have modem. My question is, is there any difference between ADSL+router and only router? I think if I use ADSL+router, the speed will increase lilbit, as modem does modulate and demodulate signals, and router also generates wireless signal, that is time to take conversions is doubled, and if I use ADSL+modem, it will directly convert the signals to wireless, and time will be saved, so the overall speed will increase lilbit. This is what my concept is(Which might be wrong). What do you guys would suggest me? should I take my current modem away and buy an ADSL+router or I should keep my modem and buy only wi-fi one. Please tell me the difference and suggest me which one I should go with, and also suggest me which company router I should go for.

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• A star vs internet routing pathfinding

  - by alan2here

  In many respects pathfinding algorythms like A star for finding the shortest route though graphs are similar to the pathfinding on the internet when routing trafic. However the pathfinding routers perform seem to have remarkable properties. As I understand it: It's very perfromant. New nodes can be added at any time that use a free address from a finite (not tree like) address space. It's real routing, like A*, theres never any doubling back for example. IP addresses don't have to be geographicly nearby. The network reacts quickly to changes to the networks shape, for example if a line is down. Routers share information and it takes time for new IP's to be registered everywhere, but presumably every router dosn't have to store a list of all the addresses each of it's directions leads most directly to. I can't find this information elsewhere however I don't know where to look or what search tearms to use. I'm looking for a basic, general, high level description to the algorithms workings, from the point of view of an individual router.

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• Multiple static WAN IP addresses to single LAN subnet

  - by Jessy Houle

  Below is my home network topology. I currently have 5 static IP addresses, 3 of which are in use by 3 routers. These routers in-turn subnet internal networks and port forward. I use my SSL VPN appliance to remote home from work or on the road. At this point I can remotely administer my Windows Server. I know the network is setup wrong, I was matching existing hardware the best I knew how. http://storage.jessyhoule.com.s3.amazonaws.com/network_topology.jpg Ok this said, here is the problem... One of my websites on my Windows Server now needs to be secure (SSL using port 443). However, I'm already port forwarding port 443 to my VPN appliance. Furthermore, if I'm going to have to reconfigure the network, I would really like to be able to use the SSL VPN to remotely administer all machines. I mentioned this to a friend of mine, who said that what I was looking for was a firewall. Explaining that a firewall would take in multiple static (WAN) IP addresses, and still allow all internal devices to be on the same network. So, basically, I could supply my SSL VPN appliance it's very own static (WAN) IP address routing, and yet have it on the same internal network (192.168.1.x) as all my other devices. The first question is... Does this sound right? Secondly, would you suggest anything different? And, finally, what is the cheapest way to do this? I am started down the road of downloading/installing untangle and smoothwall to see if they will do the job, hoping they take multiple static (WAN) IP addresses. Thank you in advance for your answers. -Jessy Houle

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