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• Finding a new programming language for web development?

  - by Xeoncross

  I'm wondering if there are any un-biased resources that give good, specific overviews of programming languages and their intended goals. I would like to learn a new language, but visiting the sites of each language isn't working. Each one talks about how great it is without much mention of it's weaknesses or specific goals. Ruby is a dynamic, open source programming language with a focus on simplicity and productivity. Python is a programming language that lets you work more quickly and integrate your systems more effectively. Having been a PHP developer for years, Vic Cherubini sums up my plight well: I knew PHP well, had my own framework, and could work quickly to get something up and running. I programmed like this throughout the MVC revolution. I got better and better jobs (read: better paying, better title) as a PHP developer, but all along the way realizing that the code I wrote on my own time was great, and the code I worked with at work was horrible. Like, worse than horrible. Atrocious. OS Commerce level bad. Having side projects kept me sane, because the code I worked with at work made me miserable. This is why I'm retiring from PHP for my side projects and new programming ventures. I'm spent with PHP. Exhausted, if you will. I've reached a level where I think I'm at the top with it as a language and if I don't move on to a new language soon, I'll be done completely with programming and I do not want that. Languages I've looked at include JavaScript (for node.js), Ruby, Python, & Erlang. I've even thought about Scala or C++. The problem is figuring out which ones are built to handle my needs the best. So where can I go to skip the hype and get real information about the maturity of a platform, the size of the community, and the strengths & weaknesses of that language. If I know these then picking a language to continue my web development should be easy.

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• How to determine the source of a request in a distributed service system?

  - by Kabumbus

  Map/Reduce is a great concept for sorting large quantities of data at once. What to do if you have small parts of data and you need to reduce it all the time? Simple example - choosing a service for request. Imagine we have 10 services. Each provides services host with sets of request headers and post/get arguments. Each service declares it has 30 unique keys - 10 per set. service A: name id ... Now imagine we have a distributed services host. We have 200 machines with 10 services on each. Each service has 30 unique keys in there sets. but now to find to which service to map the incoming request we make our services post unique values that map to that sets. We can have up to or more than 10 000 such values sets on each machine per each service. service A machine 1 name = Sam id = 13245 ... service A machine 1 name = Ben id = 33232 ... ... service A machine 100 name = Ron id = 777888 ... So we get 200 * 10 * 30 * 30 * 10 000 == 18 000 000 000 and we get 500 requests per second on our gateway each containing 45 items 15 of which are just noise. And our task is to find a service for request (at least a machine it is running on). On all machines all over cluster for same services we have same rules. We can first select to which service came our request via rules filter 10 * 30. and we will have 200 * 30 * 10 000 == 60 000 000. So... 60 mil is definitely a problem... I hope to get on idea of mapping 30 * 10 000 onto some artificial neural network alike Perceptron that outputs 1 if 30 words (some hashes from words) from the request are correct or if less than Perceptron should return 0. And I’ll send each such Perceptron for each service from each machine to gateway. So I would have a map Perceptron <-> machine for each service. Can any one tall me if my Perceptron idea is at least “sane”? Or normal people do it some other way? Or if there are better ANNs for such purposes?

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• Investment scheme for a PC game the project

  - by Alex Kamen

  Good day everyone, I am working on a PC game project that has 3 phases planned, micro, macro and mmo versions [if confused, see a brief description at the bottom]. I have found a potential investor for the micro version of the game, but naturally, he requested a detailed plan of how the game will pay back. And the problem is that micro version itself is not supposed to be monetized much, other than some ads and limited in-game currency utilization. The idea is that with this combat demo already at hand, it should be possible to get a really large enough investment (millions of dollars) and use it to pay back the initial small one (thousands of dollars) and take the project into macro phase, which will really make profit. This way, everybody is going to win, provided that I can deliver the end-product. Yet while I am confident of that both the conception of the macro and the real game-play of the micro versions are going to be appealing, I don’t know how to obtain any guarantee of that I will be able to get funded once I have the prototype ready. And without that, I won’t receive the funds for the prototype in the first place! To summarize, my question is: how to figure out my future possibilities of getting funded once I have combat demo out, basically “whom to write to and what”. Ideally, I would like some sort of a preliminary agreement with a game publisher, something that would basically state “If the developer provides the product in time and in quality corresponding to the specifications given, the publisher guarantees to allocate funds for distribution and further development, thereby acquiring the right to X part of all future profits”. Does this sound sane? It’s just that I don’t want to sell all of my rights out straight away by taking a big outside investment while the project is in such early stage. I would appreciate if you would share your thoughts on this kind of scheme, and be sure to ask questions as I am sure I must have forgotten to mention a ton of important things, like the fact that initial funds are going to be spent on outsourcing (living in Siberia is really just great). [here’s a brief outline of what each version will feature] [micro] 1) turn based tactical combat rules 2) character development 3) arena/tournament system [macro] 4) ai-ruled dynamic interactive worlds 5) global map adventuring 6) strategic rpg + god simulator gameplay [mmo] 7) Persistent worlds system 8) Social structures system (“guilds/clans”) 9) god-simulation on the mmo scale P.S. Obviously, these features are incremental, so that mmo version has all 9.

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• Chunking large rsync transfers?

  - by Gabe Martin-Dempesy

  We use rsync to update a mirror of our primary file server to an off-site colocated backup server. One of the issues we currently have is that our file server has 1TB of mostly smaller files (in the 10-100kb range), and when we're transferring this much data, we often end up with the connection being dropped several hours into the transfer. Rsync doesn't have a resume/retry feature that simply reconnects to the server to pickup where it left off -- you need to go through the file comparison process, which ends up being very length with the amount of files we have. The solution that's recommended to get around is to split up your large rsync transfer into a series of smaller transfers. I've figured the best way to do this is by first letter of the top-level directory names, which doesn't give us a perfectly even distribution, but is good enough. I'd like to confirm if my methodology for doing this is sane, or if there's a more simple way to accomplish the goal. To do this, I iterate through A-Z, a-z, 0-9 to pick a one character $prefix. Initially I was thinking of just running rsync -av --delete --delete-excluded --exclude "*.mp3" "src/$prefix*" dest/ (--exclude "*.mp3" is just an example, as we have a more lengthy exclude list for removing things like temporary files) The problem with this is that any top-level directories in dest/ that are no longer present present on src will not get picked up by --delete. To get around this, I'm instead trying the following: rsync \ --filter 'S /$prefix*' \ --filter 'R /$prefix*' \ --filter 'H /*' \ --filter 'P /*' \ -av --delete --delete-excluded --exclude "*.mp3" src/ dest/ I'm using the show and hide over include and exclude, because otherwise the --delete-excluded will delete anything that doesn't match $prefix. Is this the most effective way of splitting the rsync into smaller chunks? Is there a more effective tool, or a flag that I've missed, that might make this more simple?

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• fail2ban Error Gentoo

  - by Mark Davidson

  Hi All I've recently setup a new VPS running Gentoo (My first time using the distro so please forgive me is this is a really easy one) and as I've done with other servers installed fail2ban. Setting it up to block the host via iptables, on too many unsuccessful logins with ssh. However I'm getting a strange error that I can't quite solve. When I start fail2ban I get these lines in the error log 2009-11-13 18:02:01,290 fail2ban.jail : INFO Jail 'ssh-iptables' started 2009-11-13 18:02:01,480 fail2ban.actions.action: ERROR iptables -N fail2ban-SSH iptables -A fail2ban-SSH -j RETURN iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport ssh -j fail2ban-SSH returned 100 If I try and force a ban these errors show up in the log and the host is not banned 2009-11-13 11:23:26,905 fail2ban.actions: WARNING [ssh-iptables] Ban XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX 2009-11-13 11:23:26,929 fail2ban.actions.action: ERROR iptables -n -L INPUT | grep -q fail2ban-SSH returned 100 2009-11-13 11:23:26,930 fail2ban.actions.action: ERROR Invariant check failed. Trying to restore a sane environment 2009-11-13 11:23:27,007 fail2ban.actions.action: ERROR iptables -N fail2ban-SSH iptables -A fail2ban-SSH -j RETURN iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport ssh -j fail2ban-SSH returned 100 2009-11-13 11:23:27,016 fail2ban.actions.action: ERROR iptables -n -L INPUT | grep -q fail2ban-SSH returned 100 2009-11-13 11:23:27,016 fail2ban.actions.action: CRITICAL Unable to restore environment My versions are as follows Linux masked 2.6.18-xen-r12 #2 SMP Wed Mar 4 11:45:03 GMT 2009 x86_64 Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5504 @ 2.00GHz GenuineIntel GNU/Linux net-analyzer/fail2ban-0.8.4 net-firewall/iptables-1.4.3.2 If anyone could shead some light on these errors that would be great, I did wonder if it was a problem with iptables or some kernel modules but I can block an IP if I do. iptables -I INPUT -s 25.55.55.55 -j DROP so makes me think its something a bit more unusual. Thanks a lot in advance

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• itunes iphone sync stuck on "Waiting for items to copy"

  - by lindes

  superuser crowd, I've found a number of threads about this, but have yet to find a satisfactory answer. Perhaps I'll have better luck on this site?? I hope so... I'm having a problem with iTunes where syncing my iPhone ends up seeming to basically finish, but it says "Waiting for items to copy" after everything else, and just stays there for... well, a very long time, if I let it. Oh, and I'm not sure this is always the case, but at the moment, it's doing this while "Syncing Genius Data to [my iPhone] (Step 8 of 8)". If I click the little x in iTunes, it then gets stuck on "Canceling sync", for an equally indefinite sort of period. If I simply unplug the phone, everything seems to be synced and happy, but the next time I sync, it happens again. I presume this is a bug of some sort on Apple's part, but it seems like people have found workarounds... I'm just having trouble tracking one down that (a) is well described enough that I can actually follow it, (b) has enough detail that I can do it without losing data (i.e. tells me pathnames that I might want to copy first, or the like, before telling me to remove something) (note: see also point (a) -- I can't remove it if it's telling me to remove something that I don't know where it is!), and (c) otherwise seems sane. I'm hoping that here perhaps I'll get better luck -- with either a workaround, and/or debugging tips for figuring out how to find myself a workaround. Note: I'm busy with some other things at the moment, but can try to add some additional information later, if necessary.

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• Mac Port error installing gsoap

  - by Kevin

  Hi All, I have installed Mac Ports V1.8.1 no worries. I ran sudo port -v selfupdate no worries. I ran sudo port install gsoap And get the following error message. --- Computing dependencies for gsoap --- Fetching gsoap --- Attempting to fetch gsoap_2.7.13.tar.gz from http://optusnet.dl.sourceforge.net/gsoap2 --- Verifying checksum(s) for gsoap --- Extracting gsoap --- Applying patches to gsoap --- Configuring gsoap Error: Target org.macports.configure returned: configure failure: shell command " cd "/opt/local/var/macports/build/_opt_local_var_macports_sources_rsync.macports.org_release_ports_devel_gsoap/work/gsoap-2.7" && ./configure --prefix=/opt/local --enable-samples " returned error 77 Command output: checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking whether build environment is sane... yes checking for gawk... no checking for mawk... no checking for nawk... no checking for awk... awk checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... no checking build system type... i386-apple-darwin10.2.0 checking host system type... i386-apple-darwin10.2.0 checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... (cached) no checking for C++ compiler default output file name... configure: error: C++ compiler cannot create executables See `config.log' for more details. Error: Status 1 encountered during processing. Any ideas as to why it is failing. Regards Kevin

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• How install ImageMagic 6.6.2 on Ubuntu 10.04 (lucid)

  - by Svyatoslavik

  How install ImageMagic 6.6.2 on Ubuntu 10.04 (lucid) Problem that lucid have old ImageMagic version(6.5.2) Its very important because me need work with SVG grafics, In my local pc I have ubuntu 11.04 and ImageMagic 6.6.2 and all work fine, In server I have 6.5... and I have problem. Reinstall ubuntu to 11.* this is no solution. I tried change /etc/apt/source.list from ubuntu 10.04 (lucid) to list from ubuntu 11.04 (natty) and update ImageMagic. After this action I have ImageMagic 6.6.2 (I looked phpinfo()) but ImageMagick is not work now. If I try do any action I get error: [error] 8996#0: *19983 FastCGI sent in stderr: "PHP Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'ImagickException' with message 'no decode delegate for this image format `/tmp/magick-XXnYKWKC' @ error/constitute.c/ReadImage/532' How it fix? Or how return to old version imagemagick? Problem if I try install from sources: /tmp/image/ImageMagick-6.7.2-7# ./configure configuring ImageMagick 6.7.2-7 checking build system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu checking host system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu checking target system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu checking whether build environment is sane... yes checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p checking for gawk... no checking for mawk... mawk checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes checking for style of include used by make... GNU checking for gcc... gcc checking whether the C compiler works... no configure: error: in `/tmp/image/ImageMagick-6.7.2-7': configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables See `config.log' for more details /tmp/image/ImageMagick-6.7.2-7#

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• Automatically Kill/Restart Process(es) When Memory is Critically Low

  - by nemesisfixx

  I have a Debian Wheezy VPS box where am running a couple of Django apps in production. Ideally, would have tried addressed my current memory footprint issues by optimizing the apps, adding more RAM or augmenting with Swap. But the problem is that I doubt there's much memory optimization I'd milk from optimizing the Django apps (the stack being open-source and robust), and adding RAM is a cost constraint for me (this is a remote VPS), also, the host doesn't offer options to use Swap! So, in the meantime (as I wait to secure more resources to afford more RAM), I wish to mitigate the scenarios where the server runs out memory so that I just have to request a VPS restart (as in, at that point, I can't even SSH into the box!). So, what I would love in a solution is the ability to detect when a process (or generally, total system memory usage) exceeds a certain critical amount (for now, example the FREE RAM falls to say 10%) - which I've noticed occurs after the VPS's been up for long, and when also traffic is suddenly much to some of the heavy apps (most are just staging apps anyway). So, I wish to be able to kill/restart the offending process(es) - most likely Apache. Which solution when done manually in these situations has restored sane memory usage levels - a hint that possibly one or more of the Django apps has a memory leak? In brief: Monitor overall system RAM usage When FREE RAM falls below a given critical threshold (say below 10%), kill/restart the offending process(es) - or simpler, if we assume from my current log analysis (using linux-dash) that Apache is often the offender, then kill/restart it. Rinse and repeat...

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• Reconfiguring, then deleting obsolete pagefile.sys from C: in one go using a batch script

  - by DanielSmedegaardBuus

  I'm trying to set up an automated script for a Windows XP installer. It's a batch script that runs on first boot after installation, and among the things I'm trying to accomplish, is removing the pagefile from C: entirely, and putting a 16-768 MB pagefile on D: instead. Here're my batch file instructions: echo === Creating new page file on D: ... cscript %windir%\system32\pagefileconfig.vbs /create /i 16 /m 768 /vo d: >nul echo. echo === Removing old page file from C: ... cscript %windir%\system32\pagefileconfig.vbs /delete /vo C: attrib -s -h c:\pagefile.sys del c:\pagefile.sys My problem is that while these are sane commands, the removal of the pagefile on C: requires me to reboot before those commands succeed.b Or, in other words — I have to first create the D: pagefile, then reboot and delete the c:\pagefile.sys file, or I'm stuck with a c:\pagefile.sys file which isn't even recognized by Windows itself (it'll just say that there's a page file on D:, and that C: has no pagefile at all). Obviously because already some pages are written to the C:\pagefile.sys file. So how would I go about accomplishing this in one go? Or, in two gos, if this is "batch scriptable" :) TIA, Daniel :) EDIT: I should probably clarify: Running those commands above are all valid, but they'll only succeed fully if I re-run the "attrib" and "del" commands at next boot. The C: pagefile is in use at the time, so I cannot delete the file it uses, and Windows itself won't remove it when I configure it to not use C: as a page file drive. Instead, it'll leave an orphaned c:\pagefile.sys file behind (which is really large). I don't necessarily need this to work in one go, registering the last two commands to run after a reboot would also be great :)

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• How to create RPM for 32-bit arch from a 64-bit arch server?

  - by Gnanam

  Our production server is running CentOS5 64-bit arch. Because there are no RPM available currently for SQLite latest version (v3.7.3), I created RPM using rpmbuild the very first time by following the instructions given here. I was able to successfully create RPM for 64-bit (x86_64) architecture. But am not able to create RPM for 32-bit (i386) architecture. It failed with the following errors: ... ... ... + ./configure --build=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu --target=i386-redhat-linux-gnu --program-prefix= --prefix=/usr --exec-prefix=/usr --bindir=/usr/bin --sbindir=/usr/sbin --sysconfdir=/etc --datadir=/usr/share --includedir=/usr/include --libdir=/usr/lib64 --libexecdir=/usr/libexec --localstatedir=/var --sharedstatedir=/usr/com --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --enable-threadsafe checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking whether build environment is sane... yes checking for gawk... gawk checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes checking for style of include used by make... GNU checking for x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu-gcc... no checking for gcc... gcc checking for C compiler default output file name... configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables See `config.log' for more details. error: Bad exit status from /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.73141 (%build) RPM build errors: Bad exit status from /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.73141 (%build) This is the command I called: rpmbuild --target i386 -ba sqlite.spec My question is, how do I create RPM for 32-bit arch from a 64-bit arch server?

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• How to diagnose occasional sudden resets?

  - by steve314

  I have a Windows XP system, and have recently upgraded by adding 2 1GB sticks of RAM to the 2x0.5GB already present. Since then, about once per day (the system is used 8+ hours per day), the system has suddenly and unexpectedly reset. On a couple of occasions, the system has frozen completely, only responding to the power button being held in for several seconds to force power off. Nothing at all ever appears in the system event log that might indicate a possible cause - everything seems to suggest business as usual. Sounds like faulty memory - but memtest86+ says otherwise. A full test, taking over an hour, found no issues. The next likely suspicion, then, is that I've knocked something while installing the RAM. Trouble is, everything I can think of to test seems fine. I've opened up the case and prodded a few things around, hoping to get better contact on connections etc, but there's no sign yet as to whether that has made a difference or not. I thought about a malware-related timing fluke, but again, so far as I can tell I'm all clear. All I can think of to add to my checklist (mainly of things that I can't easily check) is... The power supply is (1) only 350W, (2) not necessarily the best quality, and (3) powering a Prescott P4 640 3.2GHz. Could that be borderline overloaded or about to die? How do I check? Is it possible that the CPU isn't getting cooled properly? I haven't had the fan past normal tickover even doing video encoding, and the only sane temperature reading from SpeedFan is pretty steady at 36 celcius, so probably not. Any thoughts? Is there a standard procedure for diagnosing this kind of fault?

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• Epson Artisan 800 on Ubuntu/Linux

  - by Tim Lytle

  Update for Ubuntu 10.04: Printing should work 'out-of-box', scanning still needs the newer sane backend. Looking for a known good way to setup an Epson Artisan 800 on Ubuntu specifically or any linux box in general. It is a printer/scanner with ethernet/wifi/usb. I'd like to use it as a network printer/scanner being able to do both from my Windows and Ubuntu machines; however, if it needs to be physically connected to a computer (preferably the Ubuntu machine) that is doable (again, then sharing print/scan functions to the network). Basically, I'm looking for someone who has used this printer/scanner (or similar) in a multi-platform environment to share how the set it up and how well it worked. Updated: A little more information, like most printers (I expect) the documentation for the printer basically says, "don't use plug-n-play, run our setup CD from your Windows/Mac system", to do anything (set it up for network use even). I guess that's to make it easy for anyone else to setup, but when you're looking to use it with an unsupported (by Epson's documentation) OS, you're just stuck on your own. What I was hoping for was someone who could say, "Forget the bundled software, do [this] to set it up on wifi manually, install [this] to connect to the scanner from [os], printing works with [this] driver - at least that's how I set it up." I'll will (and have so far) use the information here, and post my own setup when I'm done, if there's no one else out there with that experience.

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• Win 2003 SBS - secure enough by default?

  - by Pekka

  I have to set up a Windows 2003 Small Business Server to work as a Subversion repository and possibly as an E-Mail server later. The machine is a virtual one, hosted with a hosting company, and freshly initialized. I used the Security Configuration Wizard to deactivate all server roles. After I install Subversion, I will open the necessary ports for the service; in addition, obviously, RDP will stay open so I can remote control the machine. Automatic updates are activated, and I will set up E-Mail notification every time somebody logs on to the server. I'm a programmer and not a professional systems administrator, so I would like to know whether you would regard this a sane and secure setup for a (publicly available) box to host sensitive code and/or E-Mail on. Is there anything in addition I should do to make the machine secure? Is there anything I can do on a long-term basis to keep the machine secure, apart from monitoring the event log (as far as I can make sense out of it), and seeing that any hotfixes are installed properly?

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• Can't Configure IBM 8275-416 Switch Via Serial

  - by Sean M

  I am attempting to configure an IBM 8275-416 switch (I found a manual here) via serial connection. However, when I connect with HyperTerminal, the output contains a lot of garbage characters. It's pretty much unusable, because there's enough layout-breaking text-gunk that it's very difficult to determine what's actually being displayed. . I was able to reset the switch to factory defaults via the terminal interface, so I know that it's not entirely broken. It also performs basic functions all right (i.e., you plug in clients and Ethernet cables - they can connect to clients plugged into other ports) - but I'd like it to do more than that (VLANs yay). I don't know if its in-band UI is operational or not, because I can't get the terminal interface to behave well enough to properly turn on the web/SNMP UI. So that's not available. Things I've tried: - Changing the encoding: HyperTerminal lets me choose between Standard JIS and Shift-JIS. Neither setting fixes the issue. - Checking emulation settings: The manual demands VT100, 19200 baud, 8 data bits, and such: I have faithfully applied these settings, both in HyperTerminal's settings and in the properties of the COM1 port in Device Manager (connecting from a Windows machine). - Restoring to factory defaults: See above. Things that it could be, but that seem unlikely: - Cabling: Couldn't find a proper null-modem cable, so used two 232-to-RJ45 adapters. But if it was a problem with the cable, wouldn't it be more likely to not connect or do input at all, rather than just garble the text? Since I was actually able to perform the reset-to-factory defaults operation, I don't think it's this. - Device as a whole broken: It is a decade and change old, so it's possible that it's just dying slowly. Again, though, it seems like there would be more symptoms than just garbled text in the terminal. What else can I try to get a sane interface to this switch?

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• mod_fcgi produces random 500 Errors

  - by DmitrySemenov

  php 5.4.7 via mod_fcgi when I run the site sometimes it works, sometimes it crashed with 500 Internal Error, this is what I see in error.log everytime I run the script [Mon Sep 24 18:50:43 2012] [warn] [client 68.231.194.198] (104)Connection reset by peer: mod_fcgid: error reading data from FastCGI server [Mon Sep 24 18:50:43 2012] [error] [client 68.231.194.198] Premature end of script headers: api.php any ideas? vhost config: <VirtualHost :80> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot "/home/www/sites/test.com/html/development" ServerName test.com ServerAlias www.test.com ErrorLog "/home/www/sites/test.com/logs/error_log" CustomLog "/home/www/sites/test.com/logs/access_log" common <IfModule mod_fcgid.c> <Directory /home/www/sites/test.com/html/development> Options +ExecCGI AllowOverride All AddHandler fcgid-script .php FCGIWrapper /home/www/php-fcgi-scripts/php-fcgi-starter .php Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> FcgidMaxRequestLen 1073741824 </VirtualHost> fcgi.d conf LoadModule fcgid_module modules/mod_fcgid.so # Use FastCGI to process .fcg .fcgi & .fpl scripts AddHandler fcgid-script fcg fcgi fpl # Sane place to put sockets and shared memory file FcgidIPCDir /var/run/mod_fcgid FcgidProcessTableFile /var/run/mod_fcgid/fcgid_shm IdleTimeout 300 BusyTimeout 300 ProcessLifeTime 7200 IPCConnectTimeout 300 IPCCommTimeout 7200 PHP_Fix_Pathinfo_Enable 1 php-fcgi-starter.php #!/bin/sh PHP_CGI=/usr/local/php547/bin/php-cgi PHP_INI=/etc/php547-fastcgi.ini export PHP_FCGI_TIMEOUT=1200 #export PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN=6 export PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS=1000 exec $PHP_CGI -c $PHP_INI

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• Apache2: Limit simultaneous requests & throttle bandwidth per IP/client?

  - by xentek

  I want to limit simultaneous requests & throttle bandwidth per IP/Client on a single apache vhost. In other words, I want to ensure that this site, which hosts large media files, doesn't get hammered by someone trying to download everything all at once (just happened the other night). I'd like to limit the outgoing transfer speed overall for this site, as well as limit the number of connections a single IP can make to the server to a sane default (i.e. within normal browser limits for multiple requests so page loads aren't effected too much). Bonus points if I can actually scope it to file types (i.e. leave web files alone, but apply these rules to just the media files). We're running Ubuntu 9.04 on all the servers, and have two apache/php servers being load balanced via Round Robin by a squid proxy server. MySQL is running on its own box as well. We've got plenty of bandwidth to give them, so I don't really want overall caps, but just want to throttle the amount of memory/CPU it takes to serve this site. There other sites on these servers that we don't want to apply these rules too, just want to keep this one from hogging all the resources. Let me know if you need more info! Thanks in advance for your suggestions!

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• Linux arp cache timeout values

  - by Jak

  I'm trying to configure sane values for the Linux kernel arp cache timeout, but I can't find a detailed explanation as to how they work anywhere. Even the kernel.org documentation doesn't give a good explanation, I can only find recommended values to alleviate overflow. Here is an example of the values I have: net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_thresh1 = 128 net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_thresh2 = 512 net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_thresh3 = 1024 Now, from what I've gathered so far: gc_thresh1 is the number of arp entries allowed before the garbage collector starts removing any entries at all. gc_thresh2 is the soft-limit, which is the number of entries allowed before the garbage collector actively removes arp entries. gc_thresh3 is the hard limit, where entries above this number are aggressively removed. Now, if I understand correctly, if the number of arp entries goes beyond gc_thresh1 but remains below gc_thresh2, the excess will be removed periodically with an interval set by gc_interval. My question is, if the number of entries goes beyond gc_thresh2 but below gc_thresh3, or if the number goes beyond gc_thresh3, how are the entries removed? In other words, what does "actively" and "aggressively" removed mean exactly? I assume it means they are removed more frequently than what is defined in gc_interval, but I can't find by how much.

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• How to handle OpenVPN client as a service, when the laptop is physically on the network already?

  - by James

  The Setup I've gotten OpenVPN working on our Windows XP laptops. Users are limited, so I went ahead and set OpenVPN client to run as a service, which is great anyway because that means they are on the VPN before logging in, so login scripts work, plus we can do remote support even if the user can not log in (such as connecting via VNC or resetting passwords). It is also configured to send all traffic over the tunnel, so when, for example, they browse the internet it is just like browsing from our corporate network. The Qestion(s) So, I'm wondering how does the OpenVPN client act when the computer is already physically on the same network as the OpenVPN server? Right now, the client is configured to connect the the public dns name which will resolve to the public ip address which will NOT get reflected back to the OpenVPN server, so it is affectively blocked from connecting to the OpenVPN server while on the network. Is that a good thing? Or will it constantly try to connect, using up system resources and network resources? We will likely have hundreds of laptops regularly on the physical network with this, so it could contribute to a lot of unnecessary network chatter. Alternatively Would it be better to have the firewall reflect the port back to the OpenVPN server and let it connect? Or have our internal dns resolve the name to the private ip and allow them to connect directly? Would traffic then go over the vpn connection (which I do not want, when already on the physical network)? Or is it possible to tell it to ignore the connection when the client and server are already on the same network? TLDR What's a sane way of handling OpenVPN client running as an always-on service when the client and server will often be on the same network?

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• Full Apache config migration

  - by Victor Rashkov

  I searched alot and didn't find an applicable answer. I have a working LAMP setup on Ubuntu machine and I have to migrate to a new server in a different country. The old server is 11.10, the new server is 12.04LTS. My problem is that I simply can not remember the steps I followed when I configured the current server which is not the basic LAMP install. It is Apache with FastCGI, SuEXEC, a GD library, worker MPM and all sitting on top of a mhddfs system. There are also other configs I've changed and I can not recall what they are. Because of the complexity of the setup, my attempts to migrate to the new server fail. I get permissions errors, cgi problems etc. Therefore my question is : Is there a sane way to simply tar a full backup of the current web server installation, including MySQL, Php amd the apache server with all configs, and then move it to the new machine? I shall be forever thankful on any advise. So far non of thise I found here gave me an answer. Thanks!

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• Why is MySQL unable to open hosts.allow/hosts.deny?

  - by HonoredMule

  I have a storage server running Nexenta (OpenSolaris kernel, Ubuntu userspace) with MySQL on top of a ZFS storage array, using innodb_file_per_table and ulimit -n set to 8K. mysqltuner.pl confirms the file limit and claims there are 169 files. The following command: pfiles `fuser -c / 2>/dev/null indicates one mysqld process having 485 file/device descriptors (and they're almost all for files) so I don't know how reliable the tuning script is, but it is still way less than 8K and this list also finds no other process which is close to it's limit. The global total number of descriptors in use is around 1K. So what can cause mysqld to be constantly streaming the following errors? [date] [host] mysqld[pid]: warning: cannot open /etc/hosts.allow: Too many open files [date] [host] mysqld[pid]: warning: cannot open /etc/hosts.deny: Too many open files Everything appears to actually be operating fine, but the issue is constantly flooding the admin console and starts right away on a fresh boot (not only reproducible, but always from mysqld and always the hosts files, whose permissions are the default -rw-r--r-- 1 root root). I could, of course, suppress it from the admin console but I'd rather get to the bottom of it and still allow mysqld warnings/errors to reach the admin console. EDIT: not only is the actual file descriptor well within sane limits, the issue also persists (with immediate appearance) even with the file limit raised to 65535 and always only on hosts.allow/deny.

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• Tunnell network requests with Windows 7

  - by mark

  I've Windows 7 64bit Pro client in a private LAN behind a Netgear wgr614v7 router. I've also a remote Debian server machine outside. I'd like to tunnel all (or specified ports/protocols) over this outside server, so when I'm on the Windows machine and I request serverfault.com it would not appear from the wgr614v7 public IP but from the server. But it's not only about HTTP traffic, it's basically about everything I'd like to: other TCP ports, even UDP, etc. It must be transparent to the application, e.g. they shouldn't be aware of this. All their requests just appear as being from the server and the tunnel between them takes care about the packets. I'm aware of e.g. Putty and forwarding individual ports or using it as a socks proxy, however not many applications to support this and the support in windows itself looks non-existent to me. I might add it should be something "reasonable" easy to set up. I've heard about PPTP but I'm unsure about it's security implications (by design). Should I go for VPN? There seem to be two common solutions for Linux (OpenSwan and StrongSwan), why would I pick the one over the other? I also fear that setting up a VPN might be quite complex, OTOH maybe it's the only sane way to do the things right? Or is OpenVPN sufficient? I'm seeking for open (source) solutions, what other options to I have or which direction should I head to?

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• 'Make' command compiling errors

  - by G_T

  Im trying to locally install a program which is written in C++. I have downloaded the program and am attempting to use the "make" command to compile the program as the programs instructions dictate. However when I do I get this error: /usr/include/stdc-predef.h:30:26: fatal error: bits/predefs.h: No such file or directory compilation terminated. Looking around on the internet some people seem to address this problem by sudo apt-get install libc6-dev-i386 I checked to see if this package was installed and it was not. When I try to install it I get E: Unable to locate package libc6-dev-i386 I have already run sudo apt get update Im sure this is a rookie question but any help is appreciated, I'm running 13.10 32-bit. UPDATE: I've tried other suggestions I've found on similar error. All I have managed is a different but similar error. Here is what I get. Geoffrey@Geoffrey-Latitude-E6400:/usr/local/src/trinityrnaseq_r2013_08_14$ make Using gnu compiler for Inchworm and Chrysalis cd Inchworm && (test -e configure || autoreconf) \ && ./configure --prefix=`pwd` && make install checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking whether build environment is sane... yes checking for gawk... no checking for mawk... mawk checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes checking for g++... g++ checking for C++ compiler default output file name... a.out checking whether the C++ compiler works... yes checking whether we are cross compiling... no checking for suffix of executables... checking for suffix of object files... o checking whether we are using the GNU C++ compiler... yes checking whether g++ accepts -g... yes checking for style of include used by make... GNU checking dependency style of g++... gcc3 checking for library containing cos... none required configure: creating ./config.status config.status: creating Makefile config.status: creating src/Makefile config.status: creating config.h config.status: config.h is unchanged config.status: executing depfiles commands make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/local/src/trinityrnaseq_r2013_08_14/Inchworm' Making install in src make[2]: Entering directory `/usr/local/src/trinityrnaseq_r2013_08_14/Inchworm/src' if g++ -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I. -I.. -pedantic -fopenmp -Wall -Wextra -Wno-long-long -Wno-deprecated -m64 -g -O2 -MT Fasta_entry.o -MD -MP -MF ".deps/Fasta_entry.Tpo" -c -o Fasta_entry.o Fasta_entry.cpp; \ then mv -f ".deps/Fasta_entry.Tpo" ".deps/Fasta_entry.Po"; else rm -f ".deps/Fasta_entry.Tpo"; exit 1; fi In file included from Fasta_entry.hpp:4:0, from Fasta_entry.cpp:1: /usr/include/c++/4.8/string:38:28: fatal error: bits/c++config.h: No such file or directory #include <bits/c++config.h> ^ compilation terminated. make[2]: *** [Fasta_entry.o] Error 1 make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/trinityrnaseq_r2013_08_14/Inchworm/src' make[1]: *** [install-recursive] Error 1 make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/trinityrnaseq_r2013_08_14/Inchworm' make: *** [inchworm] Error 2

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• Best depth sorting method for a Top Down 2D game using a 3D physics engine

  - by Alic44

  I've spent many days googling this and still have issues with my game engine I'd like to ask about, which I haven't seen addressed before. I think the problem is that my game is an unusual combination of a completely 2D graphical approach using XNA's SpriteBatch, and a completely 3D engine (the amazing BEPU physics engine) with rotation mostly disabled. In essence, my question is similar to this one (the part about "faux 3D"), but the difference is that in my game, the player as well as every other creature is represented by 3D objects, and they can all jump, pick up other objects, and throw them around. What this means is that sorting by one value, such as a Z position (how far north/south a character is on the screen) won't work, because as soon as a smaller creature jumps on top of a larger creature, or a box, and walks backwards, the moment its z value is less than that other creature, it will appear to be behind the object it is actually standing on. I actually originally solved this problem by splitting every object in the game into physics boxes which MUST have a Y height equal to their Z depth. I then based the depth sorting value on the object's y position (how high it is off the ground) PLUS its z position (how far north or south it is on the screen). The problem with this approach is that it requires all moving objects in the game to be split graphically into chunks which match up with a physical box which has its y dimension equal to its z dimension. Which is stupid. So, I got inspired last night to rewrite with a fresh approach. My new method is a little more complex, but I think a little more sane: every object which needs to be sorted by depth in the game exposes the interface IDepthDrawable and is added to a list owned by the DepthDrawer object. IDepthDrawable contains: public interface IDepthDrawable { Rectangle Bounds { get; } //possibly change this to a class if struct copying of the xna Rectangle type becomes an issue DepthDrawShape DepthShape { get; } void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch); } The Bounds Rectangle of each IDepthDrawable object represents the 2D Axis-Aligned Bounding Box it will take up when drawn to the screen. Anything that doesn't intersect the screen will be culled at this stage and the remaining on-screen IDepthDrawables will be Bounds tested for intersections with each other. This is where I get a little less sure of what I'm doing. Each group of collisions will be added to a list or other collection, and each list will sort itself based on its DepthShape property, which will have access to the object-to-be-drawn's physics information. For starting out, lets assume everything in the game is an axis aligned 3D Box shape. Boxes are pretty easy to sort. Something like: if (depthShape1.Back > depthShape2.Front) //if depthShape1 is in front of depthShape2. //depthShape1 goes on top. else if (depthShape1.Bottom > depthShape2.Top) //if depthShape1 is above depthShape2. //depthShape1 goes on top. //if neither of these are true, depthShape2 must be in front or above. So, by sorting draw order by several different factors from the physics engine, I believe I can get a really correct draw order. My question is, is this a good way of going about this, or is there some tried and true, tested way which is completely different and has somehow completely eluded me on the internets? And, if this does seem like a good way to remake my draw order sorting, what's the right sorting algorithm for reordering the Bounds Rectangle collision lists, and how do you deal with a Bounds Rectangle colliding with two different object which don't collide with eachother. I know these are solved problems, but I've only been programming for a year so any specific input here will be greatly appreciated. Thanks for reading this far, ye who made it -- sorry it was so long!

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• When row estimation goes wrong

  - by Dave Ballantyne

  Whilst working at a client site, I hit upon one of those issues that you are not sure if that this is something entirely new or a bug or a gap in your knowledge. The client had a large query that needed optimizing.  The query itself looked pretty good, no udfs, UNION ALL were used rather than UNION, most of the predicates were sargable other than one or two minor ones.  There were a few extra joins that could be eradicated and having fixed up the query I then started to dive into the plan. I could see all manor of spills in the hash joins and the sort operations,  these are caused when SQL Server has not reserved enough memory and has to write to tempdb.  A VERY expensive operation that is generally avoidable.  These, however, are a symptom of a bad row estimation somewhere else, and when that bad estimation is combined with other estimation errors, chaos can ensue. Working my way back down the plan, I found the cause, and the more I thought about it the more i came convinced that the optimizer could be making a much more intelligent choice. First step is to reproduce and I was able to simplify the query down a single join between two tables, Product and ProductStatus,  from a business point of view, quite fundamental, find the status of particular products to show if ‘active’ ,’inactive’ or whatever. The query itself couldn’t be any simpler The estimated plan looked like this: Ignore the “!” warning which is a missing index, but notice that Products has 27,984 rows and the join outputs 14,000. The actual plan shows how bad that estimation of 14,000 is : So every row in Products has a corresponding row in ProductStatus.  This is unsurprising, in fact it is guaranteed,  there is a trusted FK relationship between the two columns.  There is no way that the actual output of the join can be different from the input. The optimizer is already partly aware of the foreign key meta data, and that can be seen in the simplifiction stage. If we drop the Description column from the query: the join to ProductStatus is optimized out. It serves no purpose to the query, there is no data required from the table and the optimizer knows that the FK will guarantee that a matching row will exist so it has been removed. Surely the same should be applied to the row estimations in the initial example, right ?  If you think so, please upvote this connect item. So what are our options in fixing this error ? Simply changing the join to a left join will cause the optimizer to think that we could allow the rows not to exist. or a subselect would also work However, this is a client site, Im not able to change each and every query where this join takes place but there is a more global switch that will fix this error,  TraceFlag 2301. This is described as, perhaps loosely, “Enable advanced decision support optimizations”. We can test this on the original query in isolation by using the “QueryTraceOn” option and lo and behold our estimated plan now has the ‘correct’ estimation. Many thanks goes to Paul White (b|t) for his help and keeping me sane through this

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