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  • How do I use multiple precisions in printf()?

    - by Tommy
    Looking at the information under the heading "Precision can be omitted or be any of:". The example: printf("%.*s", 3, "abcdef"); works, outputting:abc (truncating the rest of the string.) Now, I would like to have a string with multiple parameters formatted (truncated): printf("%.*s, %.*s", 3, 3, "abcdef", "xyz123"); but the program crashes. What is the correct syntax? Thank You.

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  • How do I use multiple precisions in prinft()?

    - by Tommy
    Looking at the information under the heading "Precision can be omitted or be any of:". The example: printf("%.*s", 3, "abcdef"); works, outputting:abc (truncating the rest of the string.) Now, I would like to have a string with multiple parameters formatted (truncated): printf("%.*s", "%.*s", 3, 3, "abcdef", "xyz123"); but the program crashes. What is the correct syntax? Thank You.

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  • Drupal: Exposing a module's data to Views2 using its API

    - by Sepehr Lajevardi
    I'm forking the filefield_stats module to provide it with the ability of exposing data into the Views module via the API. The filefield_stats module db table schema is as follow: <?php function filefield_stats_schema() { $schema['filefield_stats'] = array( 'fields' => array( 'fid' => array('type' => 'int', 'unsigned' => TRUE, 'not null' => TRUE, 'description' => 'Primary Key: the {files}.fid'), 'vid' => array('type' => 'int', 'unsigned' => TRUE, 'not null' => TRUE, 'description' => 'Primary Key: the {node}.vid'), 'uid' => array('type' => 'int', 'unsigned' => TRUE, 'not null' => TRUE, 'description' => 'The {users}.uid of the downloader'), 'timestamp' => array('type' => 'int', 'unsigned' => TRUE, 'not null' => TRUE, 'description' => 'The timestamp of the download'), 'hostname' => array('type' => 'varchar', 'length' => 128, 'not null' => TRUE, 'default' => '', 'description' => 'The hostname downloading the file (usually IP)'), 'referer' => array('type' => 'text', 'not null' => FALSE, 'description' => 'Referer for the download'), ), 'indexes' => array('fid_vid' => array('fid', 'vid')), ); return $schema; } ?> Well, so I implemented the hook_views_api() in filefield_stats.module & added a filefield_stats.views.inc file in the module's root directory, here it is: <?php // $Id$ /** * @file * Provide the ability of exposing data to Views2, for filefield_stats module. */ function filefield_stats_views_data() { $data = array(); $data['filefield_stats']['table']['group'] = t('FilefieldStats'); // Referencing the {node_revisions} table. $data['filefield_stats']['table']['join'] = array( 'node_revisions' => array( 'left_field' => 'vid', 'field' => 'vid', ), /*'files' => array( 'left_field' => 'fid', 'field' => 'fid', ), 'users' => array( 'left_field' => 'uid', 'field' => 'uid', ),*/ ); // Introducing filefield_stats table fields to Views2. // vid: The node's revision ID which wrapped the downloaded file $data['filefield_stats']['vid'] = array( 'title' => t('Node revision ID'), 'help' => t('The node\'s revision ID which wrapped the downloaded file'), 'relationship' => array( 'base' => 'node_revisions', 'field' => 'vid', 'handler' => 'views_handler_relationship', 'label' => t('Node Revision Reference.'), ), ); // uid: The ID of the user who downloaded the file. $data['filefield_stats']['uid'] = array( 'title' => t('User ID'), 'help' => t('The ID of the user who downloaded the file.'), 'relationship' => array( 'base' => 'users', 'field' => 'uid', 'handler' => 'views_handler_relationship', 'label' => t('User Reference.'), ), ); // fid: The ID of the downloaded file. $data['filefield_stats']['fid'] = array( 'title' => t('File ID'), 'help' => t('The ID of the downloaded file.'), 'relationship' => array( 'base' => 'files', 'field' => 'fid', 'handler' => 'views_handler_relationship', 'label' => t('File Reference.'), ), ); // hostname: The hostname which the file has been downloaded from. $data['filefield_stats']['hostname'] = array( 'title' => t('The Hostname'), 'help' => t('The hostname which the file has been downloaded from.'), 'field' => array( 'handler' => 'views_handler_field', 'click sortable' => TRUE, ), 'sort' => array( 'handler' => 'views_handler_sort', ), 'filter' => array( 'handler' => 'views_handler_filter_string', ), 'argument' => array( 'handler' => 'views_handler_argument_string', ), ); // referer: The referer address which the file download link has been triggered from. $data['filefield_stats']['referer'] = array( 'title' => t('The Referer'), 'help' => t('The referer which the file download link has been triggered from.'), 'field' => array( 'handler' => 'views_handler_field', 'click sortable' => TRUE, ), 'sort' => array( 'handler' => 'views_handler_sort', ), 'filter' => array( 'handler' => 'views_handler_filter_string', ), 'argument' => array( 'handler' => 'views_handler_argument_string', ), ); // timestamp: The time of the download. $data['filefield_stats']['timestamp'] = array( 'title' => t('Download Time'), 'help' => t('The time of the download.'), 'field' => array( 'handler' => 'views_handler_field_date', 'click sortable' => TRUE, ), 'sort' => array( 'handler' => 'views_handler_sort_date', ), 'filter' => array( 'handler' => 'views_handler_filter_date', ), ); return $data; } // filefield_stats_views_data() ?> According to the Views2 documentations this should work as a minimum, I think. But it doesn't! Also there is no error of any kind, when I come through the views UI, there's nothing about filefield_stats data. Any idea?

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  • [Ubuntu 10.04] mdadm - Can't get RAID5 Array To Start

    - by Matthew Hodgkins
    Hello, after a power failure my RAID array refuses to start. When I boot I have to sudo mdadm --assemble --force /dev/md0 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1 /dev/sdf1 /dev/sdg1 to get mdadm to notice the array. Here are the details (after I force assemble). sudo mdadm --misc --detail /dev/md0: /dev/md0: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Sun Apr 25 01:39:25 2010 Raid Level : raid5 Used Dev Size : 1465135872 (1397.26 GiB 1500.30 GB) Raid Devices : 6 Total Devices : 6 Preferred Minor : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Thu Jun 17 23:02:38 2010 State : active, Not Started Active Devices : 6 Working Devices : 6 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 128K UUID : 44a8f730:b9bea6ea:3a28392c:12b22235 (local to host hodge-fs) Events : 0.1249691 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 65 0 active sync /dev/sde1 1 8 81 1 active sync /dev/sdf1 2 8 97 2 active sync /dev/sdg1 3 8 49 3 active sync /dev/sdd1 4 8 33 4 active sync /dev/sdc1 5 8 17 5 active sync /dev/sdb1 mdadm.conf: # by default, scan all partitions (/proc/partitions) for MD superblocks. # alternatively, specify devices to scan, using wildcards if desired. DEVICE partitions /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb1 # auto-create devices with Debian standard permissions CREATE owner=root group=disk mode=0660 auto=yes # automatically tag new arrays as belonging to the local system HOMEHOST <system> # definitions of existing MD arrays ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid5 num-devices=6 UUID=44a8f730:b9bea6ea:3a28392c:12b22235 Any help would be appreciated.

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  • Move an existing RAID 5 array from Ubuntu to Gentoo

    - by Cocoabean
    I have a 64-bit Ubuntu machine with a 4-disk RAID 5 using software raid (md). I've been able to boot an Ubuntu LiveCD and recognize the array with a simple mdadm -A /dev/md0. It was easy to mount after that and nothing had to rebuild. I'm installing Gentoo on this box now (multi-boot, non-RAID root partition) and I have md auto-detect turned on in the kernel. When I boot Gentoo I get: "invalid superblock magic on sdd" for each of the drives in the array. I boot back to Ubuntu and they mount no problem. I tried copying the mdadm.conf that works in Ubuntu to Gentoo, and then ran mdadm -A /dev/md0 but it reports that there is no array named md0. I don't want to lose data (obviously) and I don't want to have to let the RAID rebuild every time I switch between OSes. Any help is appreciated. Both are using mdadm 3.1.4 Both are running 64-bit kernels. mdadm -D /dev/md0 from Ubuntu yields: http://pastebin.com/5gj2QNkV UPDATE: After rebooting I noticed that it still complains about invalid blocks, but cat /proc/mdstat shows an inactive /dev/md127 with the same disks as my raid. I want to mount it but I don't want to get stuck waiting for a rebuild or destroying it inadvertently. mdadm -D /dev/md127 Here is pastebin of mdadm -D /dev/md127 on gentoo: http://pastebin.com/gDCWn0Rn UPDATE II: dmesg output about 'invalid raid superblocks' http://paste.ubuntu.com/885471/ fdisk -l from Ubuntu, /dev/md0 does not have any partitions but I do have it mounted and accessible: http://paste.ubuntu.com/885475/

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  • Can one build a single disk RAID 1 array?

    - by Core Xii
    I have an Nvidia hardware RAID 1 array and need to reformat. But I don't have any spare storage media, so I need to get along with the 2 disks in the array. I figured I'd do as follows: Delete the array, so I have 2 separate but identical disks, A and B, with my files Put disk B aside Reformat disk A, build RAID 1 array with it, install Windows XP Put disk B back in Boot to Windows on disk A, copy my files from disk B to disk A Add disk B to the RAID 1 array, rebuild array And now I'd have a new RAID 1 array, fresh install and all my files intact (the ones I copied). Here are the parts I'm unsure about: Can I build a RAID 1 array using just one disk, then add the other one later? Can Windows on disk A see disk B and allow me to copy my files over?

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  • Move OS from RAID5 array to RAID 1 arrays

    - by Antoine
    I want to give a last boost to my old ProLiant ML350 G5 server which just needs to be reliable for a few more year only ! With a defined budget of about 1500$ (I do not have more), i plan to replace the CPU (+ adding a second one), the battery cache of my raid controller (E200i), double the RAM, and change all hard drives. I have 7 HDD (SAS 10krpm, 72Gb) + 1 spare in RAID5, and my system is all FULL (no empty tray, full disks). in my current RAID5 array, I have 2 partitions: - 1 OS partition, 20Gb - 1 data partition, 350 Gb I plan to replace these 8 disks with : - 2 x 300Gb SAS 15krpm in RAID 1 (= 1 partition for OS) - 2 x 2Tb SATA 7.2krpm in RAID 1 (= 1 partition for DATA) My biggest constraint is that I have only 01 day to upgrade my server. Therefore, I'm looking for cloning all my files (OS + data partition) to my new arrays, i.e : - the OS partition shall be cloned to the RAID1 "2x300Gb array" - the data partition shall be cloned to the RAID1 "2x2Tb array" My second problem is that I need to physically remove all the old hard drives before inserting the new ones. I'm running Windows Server 2003 R2, and even if MS support will expire soon, I cannot buy a new licence and spent time in configuration. Obviously, with 1500$, I cannot also buy a new server that I could start configuring from now ! Thought about ASR (NTBackup), but I have no floppy drive (and do not really want to invest in one !) Thought about a clonezilla clone, and read this interesting link : Windows Server 2003 - move C: partition to a new SAS disk , but i'm not so confident in using Clonezilla with RAID5. What should be the best option to quickly and easily (if possible!) "copy/paste" my OS (so no need to reinstall and reconfigure all) and DATA / programs / services, etc... ? Thanks for your comments

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  • How to force mdadm to stop RAID5 array?

    - by lucek
    I have /dev/md127 RAID5 array that consisted of four drives. I managed to hot remove them from the array and currently /dev/md127 does not have any drives: cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid1 sdd1[0] sda1[1] 304052032 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md1 : active raid0 sda5[1] sdd5[0] 16770048 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks md127 : active raid5 super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/0] [____] unused devices: <none> and mdadm --detail /dev/md127 /dev/md127: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Thu Sep 6 10:39:57 2012 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 8790402048 (8383.18 GiB 9001.37 GB) Used Dev Size : 2930134016 (2794.39 GiB 3000.46 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Fri Sep 7 17:19:47 2012 State : clean, FAILED Active Devices : 0 Working Devices : 0 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 512K Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 0 0 1 removed 2 0 0 2 removed 3 0 0 3 removed I've tried to do mdadm --stop /dev/md127 but: mdadm --stop /dev/md127 mdadm: Cannot get exclusive access to /dev/md127:Perhaps a running process, mounted filesystem or active volume group? I made sure that it's unmounted, umount -l /dev/md127 and confirmed that it indeed is unmounted: umount /dev/md127 umount: /dev/md127: not mounted I've tried to zero superblock of each drive and I get (for each drive): mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sde1 mdadm: Unrecognised md component device - /dev/sde1 Here's output of lsof|grep md127: lsof|grep md127 md127_rai 276 root cwd DIR 9,0 4096 2 / md127_rai 276 root rtd DIR 9,0 4096 2 / md127_rai 276 root txt unknown /proc/276/exe What else can I do? LVM is not even installed so it can't be a factor.

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  • mdadm: Replacing array with entirely new drives

    - by hellfur
    I have a server with three 500GB drives, with most of my data in a RAID5 configuration spanning the three of them. I just purchased and installed four 1TB drives, and the intention is to move off of the old drives and onto the new ones. I have enough SATA ports and power connectors to power all seven of my drives at once, so I've kept the old RAID running while I figure out what to do with the new drives. My question is: Should I create a whole new array on the 1TB drives, then move everything over and reconfigure linux to boot from the new md arrays? Or should I just expand the array, swapping out each of the three 500GBs with the 1TB, then adding the final drive? I've read up on the mdadm extending drive setup, and it makes sense, but I imagine I would use one of the drives as a full backup while I move things over, then add that drive back into the array once things are up and running on three of the 1TB drives, so there's some complication in going that route as well... I'm just not sure which is safer/recommended.

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  • socket operation on nonsocket or bad file descriptor

    - by Magn3s1um
    I'm writing a pthread server which takes requests from clients and sends them back a bunch of .ppm files. Everything seems to go well, but sometimes when I have just 1 client connected, when trying to read from the file descriptor (for the file), it says Bad file Descriptor. This doesn't make sense, since my int fd isn't -1, and the file most certainly exists. Other times, I get this "Socket operation on nonsocket" error. This is weird because other times, it doesn't give me this error and everything works fine. When trying to connect multiple clients, for some reason, it will only send correctly to one, and then the other client gets the bad file descriptor or "nonsocket" error, even though both threads are processing the same messages and do the same routines. Anyone have an idea why? Here's the code that is giving me that error: while(mqueue.head != mqueue.tail && count < dis_m){ printf("Sending to client %s: %s\n", pointer->id, pointer->message); int fd; fd = open(pointer->message, O_RDONLY); char buf[58368]; int bytesRead; printf("This is fd %d\n", fd); bytesRead=read(fd,buf,58368); send(pointer->socket,buf,bytesRead,0); perror("Error:\n"); fflush(stdout); close(fd); mqueue.mcount--; mqueue.head = mqueue.head->next; free(pointer->message); free(pointer); pointer = mqueue.head; count++; } printf("Sending %s\n", pointer->message); int fd; fd = open(pointer->message, O_RDONLY); printf("This is fd %d\n", fd); printf("I am hhere2\n"); char buf[58368]; int bytesRead; bytesRead=read(fd,buf,58368); send(pointer->socket,buf,bytesRead,0); perror("Error:\n"); close(fd); mqueue.mcount--; if(mqueue.head != mqueue.tail){ mqueue.head = mqueue.head->next; } else{ mqueue.head->next = malloc(sizeof(struct message)); mqueue.head = mqueue.head->next; mqueue.head->next = malloc(sizeof(struct message)); mqueue.tail = mqueue.head->next; mqueue.head->message = NULL; } free(pointer->message); free(pointer); pthread_mutex_unlock(&numm); pthread_mutex_unlock(&circ); pthread_mutex_unlock(&slots); The messages for both threads are the same, being of the form ./path/imageXX.ppm where XX is the number that should go to the client. The file size of each image is 58368 bytes. Sometimes, this code hangs on the read, and stops execution. I don't know this would be either, because the file descriptor comes back as valid. Thanks in advanced. Edit: Here's some sample output: Sending to client a: ./support/images/sw90.ppm This is fd 4 Error: : Socket operation on non-socket Sending to client a: ./support/images/sw91.ppm This is fd 4 Error: : Socket operation on non-socket Sending ./support/images/sw92.ppm This is fd 4 I am hhere2 Error: : Socket operation on non-socket My dispatcher has defeated evil Sample with 2 clients (client b was serviced first) Sending to client b: ./support/images/sw87.ppm This is fd 6 Error: : Success Sending to client b: ./support/images/sw88.ppm This is fd 6 Error: : Success Sending to client b: ./support/images/sw89.ppm This is fd 6 Error: : Success This is fd 6 Error: : Bad file descriptor Sending to client a: ./support/images/sw85.ppm This is fd 6 Error: As you can see, who ever is serviced first in this instance can open the files, but not the 2nd person. Edit2: Full code. Sorry, its pretty long and terribly formatted. #include <netinet/in.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <netdb.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <errno.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include "ring.h" /* Version 1 Here is what is implemented so far: The threads are created from the arguments specified (number of threads that is) The server will lock and update variables based on how many clients are in the system and such. The socket that is opened when a new client connects, must be passed to the threads. To do this, we need some sort of global array. I did this by specifying an int client and main_pool_busy, and two pointers poolsockets and nonpoolsockets. My thinking on this was that when a new client enters the system, the server thread increments the variable client. When a thread is finished with this client (after it sends it the data), the thread will decrement client and close the socket. HTTP servers act this way sometimes (they terminate the socket as soon as one transmission is sent). *Note down at bottom After the server portion increments the client counter, we must open up a new socket (denoted by new_sd) and get this value to the appropriate thread. To do this, I created global array poolsockets, which will hold all the socket descriptors for our pooled threads. The server portion gets the new socket descriptor, and places the value in the first spot of the array that has a 0. We only place a value in this array IF: 1. The variable main_pool_busy < worknum (If we have more clients in the system than in our pool, it doesn't mean we should always create a new thread. At the end of this, the server signals on the condition variable clientin that a new client has arrived. In our pooled thread, we then must walk this array and check the array until we hit our first non-zero value. This is the socket we will give to that thread. The thread then changes the array to have a zero here. What if our all threads in our pool our busy? If this is the case, then we will know it because our threads in this pool will increment main_pool_busy by one when they are working on a request and decrement it when they are done. If main_pool_busy >= worknum, then we must dynamically create a new thread. Then, we must realloc the size of our nonpoolsockets array by 1 int. We then add the new socket descriptor to our pool. Here's what we need to figure out: NOTE* Each worker should generate 100 messages which specify the worker thread ID, client socket descriptor and a copy of the client message. Additionally, each message should include a message number, starting from 0 and incrementing for each subsequent message sent to the same client. I don't know how to keep track of how many messages were to the same client. Maybe we shouldn't close the socket descriptor, but rather keep an array of structs for each socket that includes how many messages they have been sent. Then, the server adds the struct, the threads remove it, then the threads add it back once they've serviced one request (unless the count is 100). ------------------------------------------------------------- CHANGES Version 1 ---------- NONE: this is the first version. */ #define MAXSLOTS 30 #define dis_m 15 //problems with dis_m ==1 //Function prototypes void inc_clients(); void init_mutex_stuff(pthread_t*, pthread_t*); void *threadpool(void *); void server(int); void add_to_socket_pool(int); void inc_busy(); void dec_busy(); void *dispatcher(); void create_message(long, int, int, char *, char *); void init_ring(); void add_to_ring(char *, char *, int, int, int); int socket_from_string(char *); void add_to_head(char *); void add_to_tail(char *); struct message * reorder(struct message *, struct message *, int); int get_threadid(char *); void delete_socket_messages(int); struct message * merge(struct message *, struct message *, int); int get_request(char *, char *, char*); ///////////////////// //Global mutexes and condition variables pthread_mutex_t startservice; pthread_mutex_t numclients; pthread_mutex_t pool_sockets; pthread_mutex_t nonpool_sockets; pthread_mutex_t m_pool_busy; pthread_mutex_t slots; pthread_mutex_t numm; pthread_mutex_t circ; pthread_cond_t clientin; pthread_cond_t m; /////////////////////////////////////// //Global variables int clients; int main_pool_busy; int * poolsockets, nonpoolsockets; int worknum; struct ring mqueue; /////////////////////////////////////// int main(int argc, char ** argv){ //error handling if not enough arguments to program if(argc != 3){ printf("Not enough arguments to server: ./server portnum NumThreadsinPool\n"); _exit(-1); } //Convert arguments from strings to integer values int port = atoi(argv[1]); worknum = atoi(argv[2]); //Start server portion server(port); } /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //The listen server thread///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// void server(int port){ int sd, new_sd; struct sockaddr_in name, cli_name; int sock_opt_val = 1; int cli_len; pthread_t threads[worknum]; //create our pthread id array pthread_t dis[1]; //create our dispatcher array (necessary to create thread) init_mutex_stuff(threads, dis); //initialize mutexes and stuff //Server setup /////////////////////////////////////////////////////// if ((sd = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) { perror("(servConn): socket() error"); _exit (-1); } if (setsockopt (sd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (char *) &sock_opt_val, sizeof(sock_opt_val)) < 0) { perror ("(servConn): Failed to set SO_REUSEADDR on INET socket"); _exit (-1); } name.sin_family = AF_INET; name.sin_port = htons (port); name.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); if (bind (sd, (struct sockaddr *)&name, sizeof(name)) < 0) { perror ("(servConn): bind() error"); _exit (-1); } listen (sd, 5); //End of server Setup ////////////////////////////////////////////////// for (;;) { cli_len = sizeof (cli_name); new_sd = accept (sd, (struct sockaddr *) &cli_name, &cli_len); printf ("Assigning new socket descriptor: %d\n", new_sd); inc_clients(); //New client has come in, increment clients add_to_socket_pool(new_sd); //Add client to the pool of sockets if (new_sd < 0) { perror ("(servConn): accept() error"); _exit (-1); } } pthread_exit(NULL); //Quit } //Adds the new socket to the array designated for pthreads in the pool void add_to_socket_pool(int socket){ pthread_mutex_lock(&m_pool_busy); //Lock so that we can check main_pool_busy int i; //If not all our main pool is busy, then allocate to one of them if(main_pool_busy < worknum){ pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_pool_busy); //unlock busy, we no longer need to hold it pthread_mutex_lock(&pool_sockets); //Lock the socket pool array so that we can edit it without worry for(i = 0; i < worknum; i++){ //Find a poolsocket that is -1; then we should put the real socket there. This value will be changed back to -1 when the thread grabs the sockfd if(poolsockets[i] == -1){ poolsockets[i] = socket; pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool_sockets); //unlock our pool array, we don't need it anymore inc_busy(); //Incrememnt busy (locks the mutex itself) pthread_cond_signal(&clientin); //Signal first thread waiting on a client that a client needs to be serviced break; } } } else{ //Dynamic thread creation goes here pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_pool_busy); } } //Increments the client number. If client number goes over worknum, we must dynamically create new pthreads void inc_clients(){ pthread_mutex_lock(&numclients); clients++; pthread_mutex_unlock(&numclients); } //Increments busy void inc_busy(){ pthread_mutex_lock(&m_pool_busy); main_pool_busy++; pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_pool_busy); } //Initialize all of our mutexes at the beginning and create our pthreads void init_mutex_stuff(pthread_t * threads, pthread_t * dis){ pthread_mutex_init(&startservice, NULL); pthread_mutex_init(&numclients, NULL); pthread_mutex_init(&pool_sockets, NULL); pthread_mutex_init(&nonpool_sockets, NULL); pthread_mutex_init(&m_pool_busy, NULL); pthread_mutex_init(&circ, NULL); pthread_cond_init (&clientin, NULL); main_pool_busy = 0; poolsockets = malloc(sizeof(int)*worknum); int threadreturn; //error checking variables long i = 0; //Loop and create pthreads for(i; i < worknum; i++){ threadreturn = pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, threadpool, (void *) i); poolsockets[i] = -1; if(threadreturn){ perror("Thread pool created unsuccessfully"); _exit(-1); } } pthread_create(&dis[0], NULL, dispatcher, NULL); } ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////Main pool routines ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// void dec_busy(){ pthread_mutex_lock(&m_pool_busy); main_pool_busy--; pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_pool_busy); } void dec_clients(){ pthread_mutex_lock(&numclients); clients--; pthread_mutex_unlock(&numclients); } //This is what our threadpool pthreads will be running. void *threadpool(void * threadid){ long id = (long) threadid; //Id of this thread int i; int socket; int counter = 0; //Try and gain access to the next client that comes in and wait until server signals that a client as arrived while(1){ pthread_mutex_lock(&startservice); //lock start service (required for cond wait) pthread_cond_wait(&clientin, &startservice); //wait for signal from server that client exists pthread_mutex_unlock(&startservice); //unlock mutex. pthread_mutex_lock(&pool_sockets); //Lock the pool socket so we can get the socket fd unhindered/interrupted for(i = 0; i < worknum; i++){ if(poolsockets[i] != -1){ socket = poolsockets[i]; poolsockets[i] = -1; pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool_sockets); } } printf("Thread #%d is past getting the socket\n", id); int incoming = 1; while(counter < 100 && incoming != 0){ char buffer[512]; bzero(buffer,512); int startcounter = 0; incoming = read(socket, buffer, 512); if(buffer[0] != 0){ //client ID:priority:request:arguments char id[100]; long prior; char request[100]; char arg1[100]; char message[100]; char arg2[100]; char * point; point = strtok(buffer, ":"); strcpy(id, point); point = strtok(NULL, ":"); prior = atoi(point); point = strtok(NULL, ":"); strcpy(request, point); point = strtok(NULL, ":"); strcpy(arg1, point); point = strtok(NULL, ":"); if(point != NULL){ strcpy(arg2, point); } int fd; if(strcmp(request, "start_movie") == 0){ int count = 1; while(count <= 100){ char temp[10]; snprintf(temp, 50, "%d\0", count); strcpy(message, "./support/images/"); strcat(message, arg1); strcat(message, temp); strcat(message, ".ppm"); printf("This is message %s to %s\n", message, id); count++; add_to_ring(message, id, prior, counter, socket); //Adds our created message to the ring counter++; } printf("I'm out of the loop\n"); } else if(strcmp(request, "seek_movie") == 0){ int count = atoi(arg2); while(count <= 100){ char temp[10]; snprintf(temp, 10, "%d\0", count); strcpy(message, "./support/images/"); strcat(message, arg1); strcat(message, temp); strcat(message, ".ppm"); printf("This is message %s\n", message); count++; } } //create_message(id, socket, counter, buffer, message); //Creates our message from the input from the client. Stores it in buffer } else{ delete_socket_messages(socket); break; } } counter = 0; close(socket);//Zero out counter again } dec_clients(); //client serviced, decrement clients dec_busy(); //thread finished, decrement busy } //Creates a message void create_message(long threadid, int socket, int counter, char * buffer, char * message){ snprintf(message, strlen(buffer)+15, "%d:%d:%d:%s", threadid, socket, counter, buffer); } //Gets the socket from the message string (maybe I should just pass in the socket to another method) int socket_from_string(char * message){ char * substr1 = strstr(message, ":"); char * substr2 = substr1; substr2++; int occurance = strcspn(substr2, ":"); char sock[10]; strncpy(sock, substr2, occurance); return atoi(sock); } //Adds message to our ring buffer's head void add_to_head(char * message){ printf("Adding to head of ring\n"); mqueue.head->message = malloc(strlen(message)+1); //Allocate space for message strcpy(mqueue.head->message, message); //copy bytes into allocated space } //Adds our message to our ring buffer's tail void add_to_tail(char * message){ printf("Adding to tail of ring\n"); mqueue.tail->message = malloc(strlen(message)+1); //allocate space for message strcpy(mqueue.tail->message, message); //copy bytes into allocated space mqueue.tail->next = malloc(sizeof(struct message)); //allocate space for the next message struct } //Adds a message to our ring void add_to_ring(char * message, char * id, int prior, int mnum, int socket){ //printf("This is message %s:" , message); pthread_mutex_lock(&circ); //Lock the ring buffer pthread_mutex_lock(&numm); //Lock the message count (will need this to make sure we can't fill the buffer over the max slots) if(mqueue.head->message == NULL){ add_to_head(message); //Adds it to head mqueue.head->socket = socket; //Set message socket mqueue.head->priority = prior; //Set its priority (thread id) mqueue.head->mnum = mnum; //Set its message number (used for sorting) mqueue.head->id = malloc(sizeof(id)); strcpy(mqueue.head->id, id); } else if(mqueue.tail->message == NULL){ //This is the problem for dis_m 1 I'm pretty sure add_to_tail(message); mqueue.tail->socket = socket; mqueue.tail->priority = prior; mqueue.tail->mnum = mnum; mqueue.tail->id = malloc(sizeof(id)); strcpy(mqueue.tail->id, id); } else{ mqueue.tail->next = malloc(sizeof(struct message)); mqueue.tail = mqueue.tail->next; add_to_tail(message); mqueue.tail->socket = socket; mqueue.tail->priority = prior; mqueue.tail->mnum = mnum; mqueue.tail->id = malloc(sizeof(id)); strcpy(mqueue.tail->id, id); } mqueue.mcount++; pthread_mutex_unlock(&circ); if(mqueue.mcount >= dis_m){ pthread_mutex_unlock(&numm); pthread_cond_signal(&m); } else{ pthread_mutex_unlock(&numm); } printf("out of add to ring\n"); fflush(stdout); } ////////////////////////////////// //Dispatcher routines ///////////////////////////////// void *dispatcher(){ init_ring(); while(1){ pthread_mutex_lock(&slots); pthread_cond_wait(&m, &slots); pthread_mutex_lock(&numm); pthread_mutex_lock(&circ); printf("Dispatcher to the rescue!\n"); mqueue.head = reorder(mqueue.head, mqueue.tail, mqueue.mcount); //printf("This is the head %s\n", mqueue.head->message); //printf("This is the tail %s\n", mqueue.head->message); fflush(stdout); struct message * pointer = mqueue.head; int count = 0; while(mqueue.head != mqueue.tail && count < dis_m){ printf("Sending to client %s: %s\n", pointer->id, pointer->message); int fd; fd = open(pointer->message, O_RDONLY); char buf[58368]; int bytesRead; printf("This is fd %d\n", fd); bytesRead=read(fd,buf,58368); send(pointer->socket,buf,bytesRead,0); perror("Error:\n"); fflush(stdout); close(fd); mqueue.mcount--; mqueue.head = mqueue.head->next; free(pointer->message); free(pointer); pointer = mqueue.head; count++; } printf("Sending %s\n", pointer->message); int fd; fd = open(pointer->message, O_RDONLY); printf("This is fd %d\n", fd); printf("I am hhere2\n"); char buf[58368]; int bytesRead; bytesRead=read(fd,buf,58368); send(pointer->socket,buf,bytesRead,0); perror("Error:\n"); close(fd); mqueue.mcount--; if(mqueue.head != mqueue.tail){ mqueue.head = mqueue.head->next; } else{ mqueue.head->next = malloc(sizeof(struct message)); mqueue.head = mqueue.head->next; mqueue.head->next = malloc(sizeof(struct message)); mqueue.tail = mqueue.head->next; mqueue.head->message = NULL; } free(pointer->message); free(pointer); pthread_mutex_unlock(&numm); pthread_mutex_unlock(&circ); pthread_mutex_unlock(&slots); printf("My dispatcher has defeated evil\n"); } } void init_ring(){ mqueue.head = malloc(sizeof(struct message)); mqueue.head->next = malloc(sizeof(struct message)); mqueue.tail = mqueue.head->next; mqueue.mcount = 0; } struct message * reorder(struct message * begin, struct message * end, int num){ //printf("I am reordering for size %d\n", num); fflush(stdout); int i; if(num == 1){ //printf("Begin: %s\n", begin->message); begin->next = NULL; return begin; } else{ struct message * left = begin; struct message * right; int middle = num/2; for(i = 1; i < middle; i++){ left = left->next; } right = left -> next; left -> next = NULL; //printf("Begin: %s\nLeft: %s\nright: %s\nend:%s\n", begin->message, left->message, right->message, end->message); left = reorder(begin, left, middle); if(num%2 != 0){ right = reorder(right, end, middle+1); } else{ right = reorder(right, end, middle); } return merge(left, right, num); } } struct message * merge(struct message * left, struct message * right, int num){ //printf("I am merginging! left: %s %d, right: %s %dnum: %d\n", left->message,left->priority, right->message, right->priority, num); struct message * start, * point; int lenL= 0; int lenR = 0; int flagL = 0; int flagR = 0; int count = 0; int middle1 = num/2; int middle2; if(num%2 != 0){ middle2 = middle1+1; } else{ middle2 = middle1; } while(lenL < middle1 && lenR < middle2){ count++; //printf("In here for count %d\n", count); if(lenL == 0 && lenR == 0){ if(left->priority < right->priority){ start = left; //Set the start point point = left; //set our enum; left = left->next; //move the left pointer point->next = NULL; //Set the next node to NULL lenL++; } else if(left->priority > right->priority){ start = right; point = right; right = right->next; point->next = NULL; lenR++; } else{ if(left->mnum < right->mnum){ ////printf("This is where we are\n"); start = left; //Set the start point point = left; //set our enum; left = left->next; //move the left pointer point->next = NULL; //Set the next node to NULL lenL++; } else{ start = right; point = right; right = right->next; point->next = NULL; lenR++; } } } else{ if(left->priority < right->priority){ point->next = left; left = left->next; //move the left pointer point = point->next; point->next = NULL; //Set the next node to NULL lenL++; } else if(left->priority > right->priority){ point->next = right; right = right->next; point = point->next; point->next = NULL; lenR++; } else{ if(left->mnum < right->mnum){ point->next = left; //set our enum; left = left->next; point = point->next;//move the left pointer point->next = NULL; //Set the next node to NULL lenL++; } else{ point->next = right; right = right->next; point = point->next; point->next = NULL; lenR++; } } } if(lenL == middle1){ flagL = 1; break; } if(lenR == middle2){ flagR = 1; break; } } if(flagL == 1){ point->next = right; point = point->next; for(lenR; lenR< middle2-1; lenR++){ point = point->next; } point->next = NULL; mqueue.tail = point; } else{ point->next = left; point = point->next; for(lenL; lenL< middle1-1; lenL++){ point = point->next; } point->next = NULL; mqueue.tail = point; } //printf("This is the start %s\n", start->message); //printf("This is mqueue.tail %s\n", mqueue.tail->message); return start; } void delete_socket_messages(int a){ }

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  • Using an array in embedded x86 assembly??

    - by Mark V.
    Hey all I have a method (C++) that returns a character and takes an array of characters as its parameters. I'm messing with assembly for the first time and just trying to return the first character of the array in the dl register. Here's what I have so far: char returnFirstChar(char arrayOfLetters[]) { char max; __asm { push eax push ebx push ecx push edx mov dl, 0 mov eax, arrayOfLetters[0] xor edx, edx mov dl, al mov max, dl pop edx pop ecx pop ebx pop eax } return max; } For some reason this method returns a ? Any idea whats going on? Thanks

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  • How to convert a unicode charactor array back to unicode sequence in C++

    - by eddyxd
    My problem is how to convert a c/c++ string/chractor array to another string contain the unicode(UTF-16) escape sequence of original one for example, I want to find a function F(char *ch) could do following function. char a[10] = "\u5f53"; printf("a = %s\n",a); char b[10]; b = F(a); //<- F is the function I wanted printf("b = %s\n",b); -------- console will show ------- a = ? b = \u5f53 Anyone has any Idea@@?~ thanks!! ps: I tried to guess \u5f35 means the value store in a, but it is not indeed the value of a[0] = -79 , a[1] = 105 ... So I don't know how to convert it back to the sequence of unicode.... Please give me a hane~ : )

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  • Declaring a C function to return an array

    - by Jaska
    How can I make a function which returns an array? I tried this const int WIDTH=11; const int HEIGHT=11; int main() { char A[WIDTH][HEIGHT]; A=rand_grid(WIDTH,HEIGHT); return 0; } // Initializes a random board. char[][] rand_grid(int i, int k) { char* A[i][k]; for(j=0;j<i;++j) { for(l=0;l<k;++l) { A[j][l]=ran(10); } } return A; } // Returns a random number from the set {0,...,9}. int ran(int i) { srand((unsigned int) time(0)); return(rand()%10); }

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  • Building 16 bit os - character array not working

    - by brainbarshan
    Hi. I am building a 16 bit operating system. But character array does not seem to work. Here is my example kernel code: asm(".code16gcc\n"); void putchar(char); int main() { char *str = "hello"; putchar('A'); if(str[0]== 'h') putchar('h'); return 0; } void putchar(char val) { asm("movb %0, %%al\n" "movb $0x0E, %%ah\n" "int $0x10\n" : :"m"(val) ) ; } It prints: A that means putchar function is working properly but if(str[0]== 'h') putchar('h'); is not working. I am compiling it by: gcc -fno-toplevel-reorder -nostdinc -fno-builtin -I./include -c -o ./bin/kernel.o ./source/kernel.c ld -Ttext=0x9000 -o ./bin/kernel.bin ./bin/kernel.o -e 0x0 What should I do?

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  • C++ string array from ifstream

    - by David Beck
    I have a program that I need to read in an array of strings from a file. The array must be C type strings (char * or char[]). Using the following code, I get a bad access error: for (i = 0; i < MAX_WORDS && !inputFile.eof(); i++) { inputFile >> words[i]; } words is declared as: char *words[MAX_WORDS];

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  • how to form an array of numbers , taken input from a file in C

    - by mekasperasky
    The program should be able to make an array of numbers from a text file which reads like this The data is given as this 123 2132 1100909 3213 89890 my code for it is char a; char d[100]; char array[100]; a=fgetc(fp) // where fp is a file pointer if (a=='') { d[count1]='/0'; strcpy(&array[count],d); count=count+1; memset(d,'\0',100) count1=0; } else { d[count1]=a; count1=count1+1; } a=fgetc(fp);

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  • MySQL multidimensional arrays...

    - by jay
    What is the best way to store data that is dynamic in nature using MySQL? Let's say I have a table in which one item is "dynamic". For some entries I need to store one value, but for others it could be one hundred values. For example let's say I have the following simple table: CREATE TABLE manager ( name char(50), worker_1_name(50), worker_2_name(50), ... worker_N_name(50) ); Clearly, this is not an ideal way to set up a database. Because I have to accommodate the largest group that a manager could potentially have, I am wasting a lot of space in the database. What I would prefer is to have a table that I can use as a member of another table (like I would do in C++ through inheritance) that can be used by the "manager" table to handle the variable number of employees. It might look something like this. CREATE TABLE manager ( name char(50), underlings WORKERS ); CREATE TABLE WORKERS ( name char(50), ); I would like to be able to add a variable number of workers to each manager. Is this possible or am I constrained to enumerating all the possible number of employees even though I will use the full complement only rarely?

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  • correct format for function prototype

    - by yCalleecharan
    Hi, I'm writing to a text file using the following declaration: void create_out_file(char file_name[],long double *z1){ FILE *out; int i; if((out = fopen(file_name, "w+")) == NULL){ fprintf(stderr, "***> Open error on output file %s", file_name); exit(-1); } for(i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE; i++) fprintf(out, "%.16Le\n", z1[i]); fclose(out); } Where z1 is an long double array of length ARRAY_SIZE. The calling function is: create_out_file("E:/first67/jz1.txt", z1); I defined the prototype as: void create_out_file(char file_name[], long double z1[]); which I'm putting before "int main" but after the preprocessor directives. My code works fine. I was thinking of putting the prototype as void create_out_file(char file_name[],long double *z1). Is this correct? *z1 will point to the first array element of z1. Is my declaration and prototype good programming practice? Thanks a lot...

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  • errorerror C2059: syntax error : ']', i cant figure out why this coming up in c++

    - by user320950
    void display_totals(); int exam1[100][3];// array that can hold 100 numbers for 1st column int exam2[100][3];// array that can hold 100 numbers for 2nd column int exam3[100][3];// array that can hold 100 numbers for 3rd column int main() { int go,go2,go3; go=read_file_in_array; go2= calculate_total(exam1[],exam2[],exam3[]); go3=display_totals; cout << go,go2,go3; return 0; } void display_totals() { int grade_total; grade_total=calculate_total(exam1[],exam2[],exam3[]); } int calculate_total(int exam1[],int exam2[],int exam3[]) { int calc_tot,above90=0, above80=0, above70=0, above60=0,i,j; calc_tot=read_file_in_array(exam[100][3]); exam1[][]=exam[100][3]; exam2[][]=exam[100][3]; exam3[][]=exam[100][3]; for(i=0;i<100;i++); { if(exam1[i] <=90 && exam1[i] >=100) { above90++; cout << above90; } } return exam1[i],exam2[i],exam3[i]; } int read_file_in_array(int exam[100][3]) { ifstream infile; int num, i=0,j=0; infile.open("grades.txt");// file containing numbers in 3 columns if(infile.fail()) // checks to see if file opended { cout << "error" << endl; } while(!infile.eof()) // reads file to end of line { for(i=0;i<100;i++); // array numbers less than 100 { for(j=0;j<3;j++); // while reading get 1st array or element infile >> exam[i][j]; cout << exam[i][j] << endl; } } infile.close(); return exam[i][j]; }

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  • error C2059: syntax error : ']', i cant figure out why this coming up in c++

    - by user320950
    void display_totals(); int exam1[100][3];// array that can hold 100 numbers for 1st column int exam2[100][3];// array that can hold 100 numbers for 2nd column int exam3[100][3];// array that can hold 100 numbers for 3rd column int main() { int go,go2,go3; go=read_file_in_array; go2= calculate_total(exam1[],exam2[],exam3[]); go3=display_totals; cout << go,go2,go3; return 0; } void display_totals() { int grade_total; grade_total=calculate_total(exam1[],exam2[],exam3[]); } int calculate_total(int exam1[],int exam2[],int exam3[]) { int calc_tot,above90=0, above80=0, above70=0, above60=0,i,j; calc_tot=read_file_in_array(exam[100][3]); exam1[][]=exam[100][3]; exam2[][]=exam[100][3]; exam3[][]=exam[100][3]; for(i=0;i<100;i++); { if(exam1[i] <=90 && exam1[i] >=100) { above90++; cout << above90; } } return exam1[i],exam2[i],exam3[i]; } int read_file_in_array(int exam[100][3]) { ifstream infile; int num, i=0,j=0; infile.open("grades.txt");// file containing numbers in 3 columns if(infile.fail()) // checks to see if file opended { cout << "error" << endl; } while(!infile.eof()) // reads file to end of line { for(i=0;i<100;i++); // array numbers less than 100 { for(j=0;j<3;j++); // while reading get 1st array or element infile >> exam[i][j]; cout << exam[i][j] << endl; } } infile.close(); return exam[i][j]; }

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  • file doesn't open, running outside of debugger results in seg fault (c++)

    - by misterich
    Hello (and thanks in advance) I'm in a bit of a quandry, I cant seem to figure out why I'm seg faulting. A couple of notes: It's for a course -- and sadly I am required to use use C-strings instead of std::string. Please dont fix my code (I wont learn that way and I will keep bugging you). please just point out the flaws in my logic and suggest a different function/way. platform: gcc version 4.4.1 on Suse Linux 11.2 (2.6.31 kernel) Here's the code main.cpp: // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // INCLUDES (C/C++ Std Library) #include <cstdlib> /// EXIT_SUCCESS, EXIT_FAILURE #include <iostream> /// cin, cout, ifstream #include <cassert> /// assert // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // DEPENDENCIES (custom header files) #include "dict.h" /// Header for the dictionary class // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // PRE-PROCESSOR CONSTANTS #define ENTER '\n' /// Used to accept new lines, quit program. #define SPACE ' ' /// One way to end the program // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // CUSTOM DATA TYPES /// File Namespace -- keep it local namespace { /// Possible program prompts to display for the user. enum FNS_Prompts { fileName_, /// prints out the name of the file noFile_, /// no file was passed to the program tooMany_, /// more than one file was passed to the program noMemory_, /// Not enough memory to use the program usage_, /// how to use the program word_, /// ask the user to define a word. notFound_, /// the word is not in the dictionary done_, /// the program is closing normally }; } // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Namespace using namespace std; /// Nothing special in the way of namespaces // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // FUNCTIONS /** prompt() prompts the user to do something, uses enum Prompts for parameter. */ void prompt(FNS_Prompts msg /** determines the prompt to use*/) { switch(msg) { case fileName_ : { cout << ENTER << ENTER << "The file name is: "; break; } case noFile_ : { cout << ENTER << ENTER << "...Sorry, a dictionary file is needed. Try again." << endl; break; } case tooMany_ : { cout << ENTER << ENTER << "...Sorry, you can only specify one dictionary file. Try again." << endl; break; } case noMemory_ : { cout << ENTER << ENTER << "...Sorry, there isn't enough memory available to run this program." << endl; break; } case usage_ : { cout << "USAGE:" << endl << " lookup.exe [dictionary file name]" << endl << endl; break; } case done_ : { cout << ENTER << ENTER << "like Master P says, \"Word.\"" << ENTER << endl; break; } case word_ : { cout << ENTER << ENTER << "Enter a word in the dictionary to get it's definition." << ENTER << "Enter \"?\" to get a sorted list of all words in the dictionary." << ENTER << "... Press the Enter key to quit the program: "; break; } case notFound_ : { cout << ENTER << ENTER << "...Sorry, that word is not in the dictionary." << endl; break; } default : { cout << ENTER << ENTER << "something passed an invalid enum to prompt(). " << endl; assert(false); /// something passed in an invalid enum } } } /** useDictionary() uses the dictionary created by createDictionary * - prompts user to lookup a word * - ends when the user enters an empty word */ void useDictionary(Dictionary &d) { char *userEntry = new char; /// user's input on the command line if( !userEntry ) // check the pointer to the heap { cout << ENTER << MEM_ERR_MSG << endl; exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } do { prompt(word_); // test code cout << endl << "----------------------------------------" << endl << "Enter something: "; cin.getline(userEntry, INPUT_LINE_MAX_LEN, ENTER); cout << ENTER << userEntry << endl; }while ( userEntry[0] != NIL && userEntry[0] != SPACE ); // GARBAGE COLLECTION delete[] userEntry; } /** Program Entry * Reads in the required, single file from the command prompt. * - If there is no file, state such and error out. * - If there is more than one file, state such and error out. * - If there is a single file: * - Create the database object * - Populate the database object * - Prompt the user for entry * main() will return EXIT_SUCCESS upon termination. */ int main(int argc, /// the number of files being passed into the program char *argv[] /// pointer to the filename being passed into tthe program ) { // EXECUTE /* Testing code * / char tempFile[INPUT_LINE_MAX_LEN] = {NIL}; cout << "enter filename: "; cin.getline(tempFile, INPUT_LINE_MAX_LEN, '\n'); */ // uncomment after successful debugging if(argc <= 1) { prompt(noFile_); prompt(usage_); return EXIT_FAILURE; /// no file was passed to the program } else if(argc > 2) { prompt(tooMany_); prompt(usage_); return EXIT_FAILURE; /// more than one file was passed to the program } else { prompt(fileName_); cout << argv[1]; // print out name of dictionary file if( !argv[1] ) { prompt(noFile_); prompt(usage_); return EXIT_FAILURE; /// file does not exist } /* file.open( argv[1] ); // open file numEntries >> in.getline(file); // determine number of dictionary objects to create file.close(); // close file Dictionary[ numEntries ](argv[1]); // create the dictionary object */ // TEMPORARY FILE FOR TESTING!!!! //Dictionary scrabble(tempFile); Dictionary scrabble(argv[1]); // creaate the dicitonary object //*/ useDictionary(scrabble); // prompt the user, use the dictionary } // exit return EXIT_SUCCESS; /// terminate program. } Dict.h/.cpp #ifndef DICT_H #define DICT_H // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // DEPENDENCIES (Custom header files) #include "entry.h" /// class for dictionary entries // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // PRE-PROCESSOR MACROS #define INPUT_LINE_MAX_LEN 256 /// Maximum length of each line in the dictionary file class Dictionary { public : // // Do NOT modify the public section of this class // typedef void (*WordDefFunc)(const char *word, const char *definition); Dictionary( const char *filename ); ~Dictionary(); const char *lookupDefinition( const char *word ); void forEach( WordDefFunc func ); private : // // You get to provide the private members // // VARIABLES int m_numEntries; /// stores the number of entries in the dictionary Entry *m_DictEntry_ptr; /// points to an array of class Entry // Private Functions }; #endif ----------------------------------- // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // INCLUDES (C/C++ Std Library) #include <iostream> /// cout, getline #include <fstream> // ifstream #include <cstring> /// strchr // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // DEPENDENCIES (custom header files) #include "dict.h" /// Header file required by assignment //#include "entry.h" /// Dicitonary Entry Class // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // PRE-PROCESSOR MACROS #define COMMA ',' /// Delimiter for file #define ENTER '\n' /// Carriage return character #define FILE_ERR_MSG "The data file could not be opened. Program will now terminate." #pragma warning(disable : 4996) /// turn off MS compiler warning about strcpy() // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Namespace reference using namespace std; // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // PRIVATE MEMBER FUNCTIONS /** * Sorts the dictionary entries. */ /* static void sortDictionary(?) { // sort through the words using qsort } */ /** NO LONGER NEEDED?? * parses out the length of the first cell in a delimited cell * / int getWordLength(char *str /// string of data to parse ) { return strcspn(str, COMMA); } */ // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // PUBLIC MEMBER FUNCTIONS /** constructor for the class * - opens/reads in file * - creates initializes the array of member vars * - creates pointers to entry objects * - stores pointers to entry objects in member var * - ? sort now or later? */ Dictionary::Dictionary( const char *filename ) { // Create a filestream, open the file to be read in ifstream dataFile(filename, ios::in ); /* if( dataFile.fail() ) { cout << FILE_ERR_MSG << endl; exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } */ if( dataFile.is_open() ) { // read first line of data // TEST CODE in.getline(dataFile, INPUT_LINE_MAX_LEN) >> m_numEntries; // TEST CODE char temp[INPUT_LINE_MAX_LEN] = {NIL}; // TEST CODE dataFile.getline(temp,INPUT_LINE_MAX_LEN,'\n'); dataFile >> m_numEntries; /** Number of terms in the dictionary file * \todo find out how many lines in the file, subtract one, ingore first line */ //create the array of entries m_DictEntry_ptr = new Entry[m_numEntries]; // check for valid memory allocation if( !m_DictEntry_ptr ) { cout << MEM_ERR_MSG << endl; exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } // loop thru each line of the file, parsing words/def's and populating entry objects for(int EntryIdx = 0; EntryIdx < m_numEntries; ++EntryIdx) { // VARIABLES char *tempW_ptr; /// points to a temporary word char *tempD_ptr; /// points to a temporary def char *w_ptr; /// points to the word in the Entry object char *d_ptr; /// points to the definition in the Entry int tempWLen; /// length of the temp word string int tempDLen; /// length of the temp def string char tempLine[INPUT_LINE_MAX_LEN] = {NIL}; /// stores a single line from the file // EXECUTE // getline(dataFile, tempLine) // get a "word,def" line from the file dataFile.getline(tempLine, INPUT_LINE_MAX_LEN); // get a "word,def" line from the file // Parse the string tempW_ptr = tempLine; // point the temp word pointer at the first char in the line tempD_ptr = strchr(tempLine, COMMA); // point the def pointer at the comma *tempD_ptr = NIL; // replace the comma with a NIL ++tempD_ptr; // increment the temp def pointer // find the string lengths... +1 to account for terminator tempWLen = strlen(tempW_ptr) + 1; tempDLen = strlen(tempD_ptr) + 1; // Allocate heap memory for the term and defnition w_ptr = new char[ tempWLen ]; d_ptr = new char[ tempDLen ]; // check memory allocation if( !w_ptr && !d_ptr ) { cout << MEM_ERR_MSG << endl; exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } // copy the temp word, def into the newly allocated memory and terminate the strings strcpy(w_ptr,tempW_ptr); w_ptr[tempWLen] = NIL; strcpy(d_ptr,tempD_ptr); d_ptr[tempDLen] = NIL; // set the pointers for the entry objects m_DictEntry_ptr[ EntryIdx ].setWordPtr(w_ptr); m_DictEntry_ptr[ EntryIdx ].setDefPtr(d_ptr); } // close the file dataFile.close(); } else { cout << ENTER << FILE_ERR_MSG << endl; exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } } /** * cleans up dynamic memory */ Dictionary::~Dictionary() { delete[] m_DictEntry_ptr; /// thou shalt not have memory leaks. } /** * Looks up definition */ /* const char *lookupDefinition( const char *word ) { // print out the word ---- definition } */ /** * prints out the entire dictionary in sorted order */ /* void forEach( WordDefFunc func ) { // to sort before or now.... that is the question } */ Entry.h/cpp #ifndef ENTRY_H #define ENTRY_H // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // INCLUDES (C++ Std lib) #include <cstdlib> /// EXIT_SUCCESS, NULL // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // PRE-PROCESSOR MACROS #define NIL '\0' /// C-String terminator #define MEM_ERR_MSG "Memory allocation has failed. Program will now terminate." // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // CLASS DEFINITION class Entry { public: Entry(void) : m_word_ptr(NULL), m_def_ptr(NULL) { /* default constructor */ }; void setWordPtr(char *w_ptr); /// sets the pointer to the word - only if the pointer is empty void setDefPtr(char *d_ptr); /// sets the ponter to the definition - only if the pointer is empty /// returns what is pointed to by the word pointer char getWord(void) const { return *m_word_ptr; } /// returns what is pointed to by the definition pointer char getDef(void) const { return *m_def_ptr; } private: char *m_word_ptr; /** points to a dictionary word */ char *m_def_ptr; /** points to a dictionary definition */ }; #endif -------------------------------------------------- // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // DEPENDENCIES (custom header files) #include "entry.h" /// class header file // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // PUBLIC FUNCTIONS /* * only change the word member var if it is in its initial state */ void Entry::setWordPtr(char *w_ptr) { if(m_word_ptr == NULL) { m_word_ptr = w_ptr; } } /* * only change the def member var if it is in its initial state */ void Entry::setDefPtr(char *d_ptr) { if(m_def_ptr == NULL) { m_word_ptr = d_ptr; } }

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  • F# &ndash; Immutable List vs a Mutable Collection in Arrays

    - by MarkPearl
    Another day gone by looking into F#. Today I thought I would ramble on about lists and arrays in F#. Coming from a C# background I barely ever use arrays now days in my C# code – why you may ask – because I find lists generally handle most of the business scenario’s that I come across. So it has been an interesting experience with me keep bumping into Array’s & Lists in F# and I wondered why the frequency of coming across arrays was so much more in this language than in C#. Take for instance the code I stumbled across today. let rng = new Random() let shuffle (array : 'a array) = let n = array.Length for x in 1..n do let i = n-x let j = rng.Next(i+1) let tmp = array.[i] array.[i] <- array.[j] array.[j] <- tmp array   Quite simply its purpose is to “shuffle” an array of items. So I thought, why does it have the “a’ array'” explicitly declared? What if I changed it to a list? Well… as I was about to find out there are some subtle differences between array’s & lists in F# that do not exist in C#. Namely, mutability. A list in F# is an ordered, immutable series of elements of the same type, while an array is a fixed-size zero based, mutable collection of consecutive data elements that are all of the same type. For me the keyword is immutable vs mutable collection. That’s why I could not simply swap the ‘a array with ‘a list in my function header because then later on in the code the syntax would not be valid where I “swap” item positions. i.e. array.[i] <- array.[j] would be invalid because if it was a list, it would be immutable and so couldn’t change by its very definition.. So where does that leave me? It’s to early days to say. I don’t know what the balance will be in future code – will I typically always use lists or arrays or even have a balance, but time will tell.

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  • Facebook connect - api_client->users_getInfo throws error Cannot use string offset as an array

    - by Gublooo
    Hey guys I have this piece of code which works 90% of the time: $user_details=$fb-api_client-users_getInfo($fb_user, array('last_name','first_name','proxied_email')); $firstName=$user_details[0]['first_name']; But sometimes I get this error: Fatal error: Cannot use string offset as an array for line $firstName=$user_details[0]['first_name']; I have read several people report the same issue - but I'm still not clear as to what is the reason - Am I getting this error because facebook is not returning any results or am I getting because it is returning only a single array instead of array of arrays. This is the fix I'm thinking of: if (!is_array($user_details)) { $firstName=''; } else { $firstName = ($user_details[0]) ? $user_details[0]['first_name'] : $user_details['first_name']; } Also if I'm not getting the name - is it because of a timeout issue or something else? Thanks

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