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  • Best practices for thin-provisioning Linux servers (on VMware)

    - by nbr
    I have a setup of about 20 Linux machines, each with about 30-150 gigabytes of customer data. Probably the size of data will grow significantly faster on some machines than others. These are virtual machines on a VMware vSphere cluster. The disk images are stored on a SAN system. I'm trying to find a solution that would use disk space sparingly, while still allowing for easy growing of individual machines. In theory, I would just create big disks for each machine and use thin provisioning. Each disk would grow as needed. However, it seems that a 500 GB ext3 filesystem with only 50 GB of data and quite a low number of writes still easily grows the disk image to eg. 250 GB over time. Or maybe I'm doing something wrong here? (I was surprised how little I found on the subject with Google. BTW, there's even no thin-provisioning tag on serverfault.com.) Currently I'm planning to create big, thin-provisioned disks - but with a small LVM volume on them. For example: a 100 GB volume on a 500 GB disk. That way I could more easily grow the LVM volume and the filesystem size as needed, even online. Now for the actual question: Are there better ways to do this? (that is, to grow data size as needed without downtime.) Possible solutions include: Using a thin-provisioning friendly filesystem that tries to occupy the same spots over and over again, thus not growing the image size. Finding an easy method of reclaiming free space on the partition (re-thinning?) Something else? A bonus question: If I go with my current plan, would you recommend creating partitions on the disks (pvcreate /dev/sdX1 vs pvcreate /dev/sdX)? I think it's against conventions to use raw disks without partitions, but it would make it a bit easier to grow the disks, if that is ever needed. This is all just a matter of taste, right?

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  • While loop read multiple lines from a grep

    - by Basil
    I'm writing a script in AIX 5.3 that will loop through the output of a df and check each volume against another config file. If the volume appears in the config file, it will set a flag which is needed later in the script. If my config file only has a single column and I use a for loop, this works perfectly. My problem, however, is that if I use a while read loop to populate more than one variable per line, any variables I set between the while and the done are discarded. For example, assuming the contents of /netapp/conf/ExcludeFile.conf are a bunch of lines containing two fields each: volName="myVolume" utilization=70 thresholdFlag=0 grep volName /netapp/conf/ExcludeFile.conf | while read vol threshold; do if [ $utilization -ge $threshold ] ; then thresholdFlag=1 fi done echo "$thresholdFlag" In this example, thresholdFlag will always be 0, even if the volume appears in the file and its utilization is greater than the threshold. I could have added an echo "setting thresholdFlag to 1" in there, see the echo, and it'll still echo a 0 at the end. Is there a clean way to do this? I think my while loop is being done in a subshell, and changes I make to variables in there are actually being made to local variables that are discarded after the done.

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  • Interesting phenomenom with Windows Server 2008 R2 user access controls and NTFS ACLs

    - by Simon Catlin
    One to try, and I'd appreciate any thoughts on this. On a Windows Server 2008 R2 box (or presumably 2008 R1, Windows Vista or Windows 7): i) Logon as an administrator, and create a new NTFS volume ii) Blow away the standard MS ACLS on the root of the volume (which are laughable), and replace with Administrators:Full Control, System:Full Control, e.g.: echo Y|cacls.exe d:\ /g "Administrators:F" "SYSTEM:F" iii) Now, from a Command Prompt shell window or PowerShell window, switch to that drive (cd /d D:\ or set-location D:\ ). Works fine... no issues. iv) Now, try to browse to the root of the new volume using MS Explorer... Access denied. Now, I've kind of convinced myself that it is UAC getting in the way, as you can add "Authenticated Users:List" access to D:\ and Explorer then works. I can only assume that MS Explorer isn't able to use the "admin" token for the Administrator. Browsing to explorer.exe and doing a "Run as administrator" has no effect. Any thoughts? Cheers in advance.

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  • No sound out of headphone port on laptop

    - by Thanatos
    I cannot get sound out of the headphone port on a laptop. Headphones are plugged in, and sound comes out of the internal speakers. Windows behaves normally (sound switches to headphones when headphones are inserted). It did work in Linux at one point, but something changed, we're just not sure what. Rebooting doesn't fix. This appears to occur whether or not PulseAudio is running. Things I've tried: Rebooting. No effect. Booting into Windows. It works properly, so probably not a hardware issue. All of alsamixer. My only controls are this: "Master" Volume bar & mutable, unmuted. Controls volume. "PCM" Volume bar only. 100%. "S/PDIF" Mutable only, currently muted, has no effect. "S/PDIF" Default PCM", Mutable only, currently unmuted, has no effect. Killing PulseAudio. No effect. (It also won't stay dead! Something appears to be restarting it, and I can't tell what, but it is annoying as fuck.) alsactl init 0, no effect. sudo rm -f /var/lib/alsa/asound.state, no effect. General system info: Ubuntu 10.04 LTS Toshiba Satellite T135D-S1324 lspci says I have: 00:14.2 Audio device: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 Azalia (Intel HDA) 01:05.1 Audio device: ATI Technologies Inc RS780 Azalia controller Some edits: Yes, the headphones are in all the way. This works in Windows: You plug headphones in, the internal speakers stop making noise, and noise comes out the head phones. Windows says I only have two sound cards: the HDMI port (which I don't care about) and the "sound card", which it claims is a "Conexant Pebble High Definition SmartAudio" In Windows, both the internal speakers and the headphone jack show up as one soundcard, which in my experience, is typical. (This is a laptop)

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  • _default_ VirtualHost overlap on port 443, the first has precedence

    - by Mohit Jain
    I have two ruby on rails 3 applications running on same server, (ubuntu 10.04), both with SSL. Here is my apache config file: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName example1.com DocumentRoot /home/me/example1/production/current/public </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443> ServerName example1.com DocumentRoot /home/me/example1/production/current/public SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /home/me/example1/production/shared/example1.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /home/me/example1/production/shared/example1.key SSLCertificateChainFile /home/me/example1/production/shared/gd_bundle.crt SSLProtocol -all +TLSv1 +SSLv3 SSLCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:!aNULL:+SHA1:+MD5:+HIGH:+MEDIUM </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName example2.com DocumentRoot /home/me/example2/production/current/public </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443> ServerName example2.com DocumentRoot /home/me/example2/production/current/public SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /home/me/example2/production/shared/iwanto.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /home/me/example2/production/shared/iwanto.key SSLCertificateChainFile /home/me/example2/production/shared/gd_bundle.crt SSLProtocol -all +TLSv1 +SSLv3 SSLCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:!aNULL:+SHA1:+MD5:+HIGH:+MEDIUM </VirtualHost> Whats the issue: On restarting my server it gives me some output like this: * Restarting web server apache2 [Sun Jun 17 17:57:49 2012] [warn] _default_ VirtualHost overlap on port 443, the first has precedence ... waiting [Sun Jun 17 17:57:50 2012] [warn] _default_ VirtualHost overlap on port 443, the first has precedence On googling why this issue is coming I got something like this: You cannot use name based virtual hosts with SSL because the SSL handshake (when the browser accepts the secure Web server's certificate) occurs before the HTTP request, which identifies the appropriate name based virtual host. If you plan to use name-based virtual hosts, remember that they only work with your non-secure Web server. But not able to figure out how to run two ssl application on same server. Can any one help me?

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  • Corrupted NTFS Drive showing multiple unallocated partitions

    - by volting
    My external hdd with a single NTFS partition was accidentaly plugged out (kids!)... and is now corrupted. Iv tried running ntfsfix - with no luck - output below.. When I look at the disk under disk management in Windows 7 it shows up as having 5 partitions 2 of which are unallocated - none have drive letters and it is not possible to set any (that option and most others are greyed out) - so I can't run chkdsk /f Iv tried using Minitool partition wizard which was mentioned as a solution to another similar question here. It showed the whole drive as one partition, but as unallocated, and the option -- "Check File System" was greyout. Is there anything else I could try ? Output of fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 1500.3 GB, 1500299395072 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930272256 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytest I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x69205244 This doesn't look like a partition table Probably you selected the wrong device. Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 ? 218129509 1920119918 850995205 72 Unknown /dev/sdb2 ? 729050177 1273024900 271987362 74 Unknown /dev/sdb3 ? 168653938 168653938 0 65 Novell Netware 386 /dev/sdb4 2692939776 2692991410 25817+ 0 Empty Partition table entries are not in disk order Output of ntfsfix me@vaio:/dev$ sudo ntfsfix /dev/sdb Mounting volume... ntfs_mst_post_read_fixup_warn: magic: 0xffffffff size: 1024 usa_ofs: 65535 usa_count: 65534: Invalid argument Record 0 has no FILE magic (0xffffffff) Failed to load $MFT: Input/output error FAILED Attempting to correct errors... ntfs_mst_post_read_fixup_warn: magic: 0xffffffff size: 1024 usa_ofs: 65535 usa_count: 65534: Invalid argument Record 0 has no FILE magic (0xffffffff) Failed to load $MFT: Input/output error FAILED Failed to startup volume: Input/output error Checking for self-located MFT segment... ntfs_mst_post_read_fixup_warn: magic: 0xffffffff size: 1024 usa_ofs: 65535 usa_count: 65534: Invalid argument OK ntfs_mst_post_read_fixup_warn: magic: 0xffffffff size: 1024 usa_ofs: 65535 usa_count: 65534: Invalid argument Record 0 has no FILE magic (0xffffffff) Failed to load $MFT: Input/output error Volume is corrupt. You should run chkdsk. Options available with MiniTool: Related questions: How to fix a damaged/corrupted NTFS filesystem/partition without losing the data on it? Repair corrupted NTFS File System

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  • Linux Software RAID1: How to boot after (physically) removing /dev/sda? (LVM, mdadm, Grub2)

    - by flight
    A server set up with Debian 6.0/squeeze. During the squeeze installation, I configured the two 500GB SATA disks (/dev/sda and /dev/sdb) as a RAID1 (managed with mdadm). The RAID keeps a 500 GB LVM volume group (vg0). In the volume group, there's a single logical volume (lv0). vg0-lv0 is formatted with extfs3 and mounted as root partition (no dedicated /boot partition). The system boots using GRUB2. In normal use, the systems boots fine. Also, when I tried and removed the second SATA drive (/dev/sdb) after a shutdown, the system came up without problem, and after reconnecting the drive, I was able to --re-add /dev/sdb1 to the RAID array. But: After removing the first SATA drive (/dev/sda), the system won't boot any more! A GRUB welcome message shows up for a second, then the system reboots. I tried to install GRUB2 manually on /dev/sdb ("grub-install /dev/sdb"), but that doesn't help. Appearently squeeze fails to set up GRUB2 to launch from the second disk when the first disk is removed, which seems to be quite an essential feature when running this kind of Software RAID1, isn't it? At the moment, I'm lost whether this is a problem with GRUB2, with LVM or with the RAID setup. Any hints?

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  • IBM BladeCenter S: Disk Configuration

    - by gravyface
    Have just the one storage bay right now (SAS 15K 600GB x 6) and have configured one storage pool in RAID 10 with 4 disks (and two global spares). For each blade, I've created a volume and mapped accordingly: Blade #1 400 GB Blade #2 200 GB Blade #3 100 GB Blade #4 100 GB When I boot up Blade 1 and enter into the UEFI Setup (F1) followed by the Adapters and UEFI Drivers LSI Logic Fusion MPT SAS Driver Utility, I see 4 disks: two are the on-board 73GB drives, the other two are 200GB each and assume I'm being presented with two logical disks from the volume I created and mapped to this blade. I was a bit surprised by this: I figured I would've been presented with one logical drive per volume, not two. I'm assuming I can just configure whatever RAID level I wish that supports two disks, but not really sure what the benefits/trade-offs here. Should I go with RAID 10 on top of RAID 10? RAID 0? Software RAID 0/1/10? Does it even matter? If this is "normal" to see two disks, then I'm going to likely just do some benchmarking and see if it makes a difference changing the RAID levels (my guess is no); if this is not normal, well, please let me know. :)

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  • EC2 AMI won't boot after edit

    - by Eric Lars0n
    I did something stupid, I got a new laptop and copied everything over to the new one, then wiped the old one clean. Then I realized that I forgot to copy the private key out of .ssh that I use to connect to my AWS EBS backed instance. So I can't log in to my custom AMI. So I created a new Volume from the Snapshot of the AMI, then started up a public instance and attached the Volume to it, edit the sshd_config to allow for password log in. Unmounted the volume, detached it, made a snapshot of it, then made a new AMI from the snapshot. The new AMI launches, but never passes the Status Checks and is not reachable. What am I doing wrong? Or alternatively how can I fix my problem? Edit: Adding some of the console output Linux version 2.6.16-xenU ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.0.1 20050727 (Red Hat 4.0.1-5)) #1 SMP Mon May 28 03:41:49 SAST 2007 BIOS-provided physical RAM map: Xen: 0000000000000000 - 000000006a400000 (usable) 980MB HIGHMEM available. 727MB LOWMEM available. NX (Execute Disable) protection: active IRQ lockup detection disabled RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize NET: Registered protocol family 2 Registering block device major 8 XENBUS: Timeout connecting to devices! Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(8,0)

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  • Installing Debian 7.1 on FakeRAID/Intel Z77 results in boot with no grub menu

    - by user198982
    I'm trying to install Debian 7.1 from DVD onto 2x500GB drives which are set up in a FakeRAID mirror using the on-board FakeRAID provided by the Z77 chipset. I have followed the guide here https://wiki.debian.org/DebianInstaller/SataRaid. Namely, I booted into the expert install with the 'dmraid=true' option added, installed onto the RAID mirror which the installer correctly detected, then installed grub2 onto /dev/mapper/.. raid volume. I chose to use LVM (so a boot partition + LVM volume). As per the guide, I have uncommented the "GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true" line in "/etc/default/grub" and ran "update-grub" then "grub-install /dev/mapper/.." (with the right RAID device in the command). However, after I rebooted the system, all I got was a grub console. It did not load the menu. I checked and it seems that it never even generated a menu file. I re-installed Debian a few times since, trying out different options and also a few workarounds people posted online, but to no avail. The best I am getting is a grub console. No menu. Some times it will generate the grub.cfg, some times it won't, depending on the workaround I try. I was wondering if anyone else has experienced this issue. There is no need to preach how I should not use FakeRAID. I have seen others trying to figure this out so I think a resolution to this issue would be of interest to more than just me. Also, I first installed the system onto a small drive for testing something else. I made a backup with Acronis and was able to restore that onto the RAID mirror by using Universal Restore. When I installed it onto a 500GB without RAID, backed up using the same method, then restored onto a RAID volume of the same size, it would not boot and I got grub errors. Weird. I can post more details, just let me know what you want to see.

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  • How to recover my invisible HD again?

    - by pattulus
    I made this several times now, but this time something bad happened. What I did: I installed Windows 7 at a 32GB partition on my slot 2 HD in my MacPro. Windows 7 made a 105MB partition… I knew this before, but what I didn’t know was that this partition is now on my slot 4 HD. My home folder, my private videos and some other stuff are on this 1TB drive. What I found out so far: I’m currently logged in as another admin since my OS partition as well as the two other HD's aren't harmed. Disk Utility: … only shows the 105MB NTSF partition on this 1TB volume. It isn’t showing my old 1TB partition/ex-HD named "storehouse". Only the partition tab is telling me that there now is a 1TB empty free unpartitioned space. Data Rescue II: … is showing the Volume as it used to be with it's old Name "storehouse". A quick scan and a thorough scan both were done in 1 second which leds me to the conclusion that there's isn’t something deleted at all (» hope!). Data Rescue doesn’t even mention the damn "system reserved" partition. Drive Genius: … also shows the old partition and doesn’t mention the new one. But looking at the info it tells me under "content": FDisk_partition_scheme (instead of Apple_partition_scheme). Well D'oh…. Tech Tools: … doesn’t show the volume, otherwise I'd might have been tempted to press rebuild/repair. What to do next?? I think the best approach is to buy another 1TB HD and let Disk Warrior Clone my old one to it… just to be on the safe side. But what is the best thing to do after this… ???

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  • Extending ext4 partition on debian7.0 on vsphere

    - by VoidPointer
    I have allocated thin provisioning of 15GB when i found 8GB as insufficient. Now debian guest is not able to recognize the change of size. root@debian7-x64:~# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/debian7-x64/root LV Name root VG Name debian7-x64 LV UUID EU6mg0-XTXC-ci3D-bQJi-7XN6-r8Hp-SYxcj0 LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time debian7-x64, 2013-06-25 12:02:49 +0530 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 7.39 GiB Current LE 1892 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 254:0 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/debian7-x64/swap_1 LV Name swap_1 VG Name debian7-x64 LV UUID xDNtoz-tJUq-M5D6-GGCN-gzcD-fwUv-fYYDR1 LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time debian7-x64, 2013-06-25 12:02:49 +0530 LV Status available # open 2 LV Size 376.00 MiB Current LE 94 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 254:1 root@debian7-x64:~# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda5 VG Name debian7-x64 PV Size 7.76 GiB / not usable 2.00 MiB Allocatable yes (but full) PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 1986 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 1986 PV UUID SehkzH-Gq8Y-jI2f-27Tb-uv1Z-tR1R-5OnTxR root@debian7-x64:~# sfdisk -s /dev/sda: 15728640 /dev/mapper/debian7--x64-root: 7749632 /dev/mapper/debian7--x64-swap_1: 385024 total: 23863296 blocks Help me to extend this partition. No problem in rebooting. I dont have any live CD. Environment : debian 7, with lvm, on vsphere, ext4 partition. Can provide more details when needed.

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  • No sound out of headphone port

    - by Thanatos
    I cannot get sound out of the headphone port. Headphones are plugged in, and sound comes out of the internal speakers. Windows behaves normally (sound switches to headphones when headphones are inserted). It did work in Linux at one point, but something changed, we're just not sure what. Rebooting doesn't fix. This appears to occur whether or not PulseAudio is running. Things I've tried: Rebooting. No effect. Booting into Windows. It works properly, so probably not a hardware issue. All of alsamixer. My only controls are this: "Master" Volume bar & mutable, unmuted. Controls volume. "PCM" Volume bar only. 100%. "S/PDIF" Mutable only, currently muted, has no effect. "S/PDIF" Default PCM", Mutable only, currently unmuted, has no effect. Killing PulseAudio. No effect. (It also won't stay dead! Something appears to be restarting it, and I can't tell what, but it is annoying as fuck.) alsactl init 0, no effect. sudo rm -f /var/lib/alsa/asound.state, no effect. General system info: Ubuntu 10.04 LTS Toshiba Satellite T135D-S1324 lspci says I have: 00:14.2 Audio device: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 Azalia (Intel HDA) 01:05.1 Audio device: ATI Technologies Inc RS780 Azalia controller

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  • file system that allow to specify different RAID level per directory and change it afterward

    - by Adam Ryczkowski
    I have 5 hard drives, where I want to keep my data. Some of my files are more important, and some of them are less. So some of them I wish to put on RAID-6, and for some it RAID-5 is sufficient. It is difficult to predict at the moment of creation of the arrays how much space of each type to declare. What I would do if I didn't hear about zfs, is partition the hard drives into identical 100GB partitions, and as my needs grow, assemble those partitions into md devices using linux-raid. Then, I'd combine those devices using lvm into logical volumes where I'd put my data. So when I'd need more space of e.g. RAID-6, I'd take 100GB partition from each hard drive and assemble them into another RAID-6 md device and would use it as physical storage for the logical volume group dedicated for RAID-6 data. Then I could grow the file system on this logical volume. On top of RAID-6 and RAID-5 Volume Groups (managed by lvm) would reside completely independent file systems, which I'd later merge with multiple mount --bind into a single directory structure that would reflect the logical structure of data rather that of the storage. But now, when I heard about the ZFS with all the performance, data-healing and compression capabilities I cannot stop thinking if it can help me. If so, what do you think would be the best setup?

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  • Extending partition on linux gparted but not more space in the vm

    - by Asken
    I have a vm test installation of a linux running a build server. Unfortunately I just pressed ok when adding the disk and ended up with an 8gb drive to play with. Well into the test the builds are consuming more and more space, of course. The vm drive was resized to 21gb and using gparted I expanded the drive partitions and that all worked fine but when I go back into the console and do df there's still only 8gb available. How can I claim the other 13gb I added? fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 21.0 GB, 20971520000 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2549 cylinders, total 40960000 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0006d284 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux /dev/sda2 501758 40959999 20229121 5 Extended /dev/sda5 501760 40959999 20229120 8e Linux LVM vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name ct System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 4 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 19.29 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 4938 Alloc PE / Size 1977 / 7.72 GiB Free PE / Size 2961 / 11.57 GiB VG UUID MwiMAz-52e1-iGVf-eL4f-P5lq-FvRA-L73Sl3 lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/ct/root VG Name ct LV UUID Rfk9fh-kqdM-q7t5-ml6i-EjE8-nMtU-usBF0m LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 5.73 GiB Current LE 1466 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 252:0 --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/ct/swap_1 VG Name ct LV UUID BLFaa6-1f5T-4MM0-5goV-1aur-nzl9-sNLXIs LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 2 LV Size 2.00 GiB Current LE 511 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 252:1

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  • Truecrypt files corrupted after moving PC into another case

    - by Dygerati
    I recently bought a new PC case and transferred all of my PC hardware into it. The only hardware modification was the addition of two identical ram modules. The entire process went smoothly, and everything worked and booted as before. The only side-effect I found when accessing one my of file-based hidden truecrypt volumes shortly there after. Some of the files in the volume - NOT all - seemed to be entirely corrupted. The directory and file names are garbled characters, but a few of the directories in the same volume appear and function normally. Also, all files in the non-hidden tc volume were still intact. Is this not weird? The only other real change I could think of would be that the hard drives were connected to different SATA ports on the mobo. I really don't know how the truecrypt encryption works well enough to know what could cause this...and the fact that not all the files were corrupted makes it more bizarre still. So, first off (and I'm not too hopeful on this point), would it be possible to restore these files? I had a backup of most, but not all of the files involved. Other than that I'm just curious how this happened and how I can prevent it next time. Thanks!

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  • Subsequent runs of rsync locally don't reduce data transferred

    - by sharakan
    I have an EC2 instance with data I want to sync to a mounted, but remote, volume, as a backup. rsync seems like the way to go with this, so as a test I took my test file (a Postgres pg_dump file) and used rsync -v to copy it to the mounted volume: [ec2-user work]$ rsync -v dump.sql.1 ../backup/dump.sql dump.sql.1 sent 821704315 bytes received 31 bytes 3416650.09 bytes/sec total size is 821603948 speedup is 1.00 Then, I ran it again, expecting to see minimal sent/received numbers because it would just be checksums. Instead... [ec2-user work]$ rsync -v dump.sql.1 ../backup/dump.sql dump.sql.1 sent 821704315 bytes received 31 bytes 3402502.47 bytes/sec total size is 821603948 speedup is 1.00 I'm new to rsync so perhaps I'm missing something, but isn't the idea that the source and destination files are checked for differences, and then a patch is generated and applied to the destination? Why is this not reducing the amount of data 'sent' to just the size of the checksums? Some background if it's relevant: the mounted volume is using s3fs, mounted with s3fs <bucketname> backup.

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  • Add Background Images and Themes to Windows 7 Media Center

    - by DigitalGeekery
    Are you tired of the same Windows Media Center look and feel? Today we’ll show you how change the background and apply themes to WMC. Changing the Basic Color Scheme in WMC There are a couple of very basic color scheme options built in to Windows 7 Media Center. From the WMC Start Menu, select Settings on the Tasks strip and then select General. On the General settings screen select Visual and Sound Effects.   Under Color scheme you’ll find options for Windows Media Center standard, High contrast white, and High contrast black. Simply select a color scheme and click Save before exiting.   If you have used Media Center before you are familiar with the standard blue default theme. There is also the high contrast white. And, the high contrast black. Changing the Background Image with Media Center Studio Themes and custom backgrounds need to be added with the third-party software, Media Center Studio. You can find the download link at the end of this article. You can use your own high resolution photo, or download one from the Internet. For best results, you’ll want to find an image that meets or exceeds the resolution of your monitor. Also, using a darker colored background image is ideal as it should contrast better with the lighter colored text of the start menu. Once you’ve downloaded and installed Media Center Studio (link below), open the application select the Home tab on the ribbon and make sure you are on the Themes tab below. Click New. Select Biography from the left pane and type in a name for your new theme.   Next, click on the triangle next to Images to expand the list below. You’ll want to browse to Images > Common > Background. You should see a list of PNG image files located below Background. We will want to swap out the COMMON.ANIMATED.BACKGROUND.PNG and the COMMON.BACKGROUND.PNG images. Select COMMON.ANIMATED.BACKGROUND.PNG and click on the Browse button on the right.   Browse for your photo and click Open. Your selected image will appear on the left pane. Now, do the same for the COMMON.BACKGROUND.PNG. When finished, select the Home tab on the ribbon at the top and click Save.   Now switch to the Themes tab on the ribbon and the Themes tab below. (There are two Themes tabs which can be a bit confusing). Select your theme on the right pane and click Apply. Note: You won’t see the image backgrounds displayed. Your theme will be applied to Media Center. Close out of Media Center Studio and open Windows Media Center to check out your new background.   You can load multiple backgrounds images and switch them periodically as your mood changes. You might like to find a nice background featuring your favorite movie or TV show.   Perhaps you can even find a background of your favorite sports team.   Installing Themes with Media Center Studio Theme7MC has made available a small group of Media Center Studio Theme packs that are simple to download and install. You can find the download link below. Note: Before installing a theme, turn off any extenders and close Windows Media Center. Download any (or all) of the Theme7MC theme packages to your Media Center PC. Open Media Center Studio, select the Themes tab (the one at the top) and click Import Theme.   Browse for the theme you wish to import and click Open. Select your theme from the themes pane and click Apply. Media Center Studio will proceed to apply your theme. You should then see your new theme appear under Current theme on the left theme pane. Close out of Media Center Studio. Open Media Center and enjoy your new theme. Conclusion Media Center Studio runs on Windows 7 or Vista and gives users a solution for personalizing their Media Center backgrounds. It is a Beta application, however, so it still has a few bugs. Currently, there are only a handful of themes available at Themes7MC, but what they have is pretty slick. If you’d like to further customize the look of Media Center, check out our previous article on how to customize the Media Center start menu with Media Center Studio. Downloads Media Center Studio Theme7MC Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Using Netflix Watchnow in Windows Vista Media Center (Gmedia)How To Rip a Music CD in Windows 7 Media CenterAutomatically Mount and View ISO files in Windows 7 Media CenterSchedule Updates for Windows Media CenterIntegrate Hulu Desktop and Windows Media Center in Windows 7 TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips CloudBerry Online Backup 1.5 for Windows Home Server Snagit 10 VMware Workstation 7 Acronis Online Backup AceStock, a Tiny Desktop Quote Monitor Gmail Button Addon (Firefox) Hyperwords addon (Firefox) Backup Outlook 2010 Daily Motivator (Firefox) FetchMp3 Can Download Videos & Convert Them to Mp3

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  • HSDPA modem only working on certain USB ports

    - by nabulke
    Depending on which USB port I use to connect my HSDPA modem, the network manager will connect to the internet or not. I used to work (i.e. established a internet connection automatically) on all ports, but over time it simply stopped on some ports. lsusb output in all cases looks like that (Device ID varies depending on USB port): Bus 001 Device 009: ID 12d1:1003 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. E220 HSDPA Modem / E270 HSDPA/HSUPA Modem Any ideas what could cause this behaviour? What can I do to fix this? ADDED One additional information about the modem: if connected via USB it will be available as as harddrive AND as a HSDPA modem (kind of a duality...). In the error case, it will only be shown as a harddrive. ADDITIONAL INFO AS REQUESTED MODEM NOT WORKING Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 413c:8000 Dell Computer Corp. BC02 Bluetooth Adapter Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 007: ID 12d1:1003 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. E220 HSDPA Modem / E270 HSDPA/HSUPA Modem Bus 001 Device 005: ID 046d:c00c Logitech, Inc. Optical Wheel Mouse Bus 001 Device 004: ID 05e3:0608 Genesys Logic, Inc. USB-2.0 4-Port HUB Bus 001 Device 003: ID 413c:0058 Dell Computer Corp. Port Replicator Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub laptop:~$ dmesg | grep 'usb' [ 0.225371] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs [ 0.225387] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub [ 0.225418] usbcore: registered new device driver usb [ 0.504291] usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice [ 0.504767] usb usb2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice [ 0.505046] usb usb3: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice [ 0.505601] usb usb4: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice [ 1.061064] usb 1-6: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 3 [ 1.192636] usb 1-6: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice [ 1.447006] usb 2-2: new full speed USB device using uhci_hcd and address 2 [ 1.634908] usb 2-2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice [ 1.708164] usb 1-6.1: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 4 [ 1.801668] usb 1-6.1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice [ 2.076279] usb 1-6.1.1: new low speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 5 [ 2.174932] usb 1-6.1.1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice [ 6.580315] usb 1-6.1.2: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address6 [ 6.683479] usb 1-6.1.2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice [ 20.018671] usbcore: registered new interface driver btusb [ 20.131703] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage [ 20.131988] usb-storage: device found at 6 [ 20.131991] usb-storage: waiting for device to settle before scanning [ 20.207981] usb 1-6.1.2: USB disconnect, address 6 [ 20.291499] usbcore: registered new interface driver hiddev [ 20.297052] input: Logitech USB Mouse as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-6/1-6.1/1-6.1.1/1-6.1.1:1.0/input/input6 [ 20.297465] generic-usb 0003:046D:C00C.0001: input,hidraw0: USB HID v1.10 Mouse [Logitech USB Mouse] on usb-0000:00:1d.7-6.1.1/input0 [ 20.297534] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid [ 20.297803] usbhid: v2.6:USB HID core driver [ 26.552360] usb 1-6.1.2: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 7 [ 26.663506] usb 1-6.1.2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice [ 26.709628] usb-storage: device found at 7 [ 26.709631] usb-storage: waiting for device to settle before scanning [ 26.732387] usb-storage: device found at 7 [ 26.732390] usb-storage: waiting for device to settle before scanning [ 31.709568] usb-storage: device scan complete [ 31.733676] usb-storage: device scan complete MODEM WORKING Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 003 Device 002: ID 046d:c00c Logitech, Inc. Optical Wheel Mouse Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 413c:8000 Dell Computer Corp. BC02 Bluetooth Adapter Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 004: ID 12d1:1003 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. E220 HSDPA Modem / E270 HSDPA/HSUPA Modem Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub dmesg | grep 'usb' [ 0.134811] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs [ 0.134826] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub [ 0.134858] usbcore: registered new device driver usb [ 0.360327] usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice [ 0.360783] usb usb2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice [ 0.361061] usb usb3: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice [ 0.361611] usb usb4: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice [ 1.144122] usb 2-2: new full speed USB device using uhci_hcd and address 2 [ 1.346896] usb 2-2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice [ 1.588072] usb 3-1: new low speed USB device using uhci_hcd and address 2 [ 1.761204] usb 3-1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice [ 5.972042] usb 1-1: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 4 [ 6.115438] usb 1-1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice [ 19.990565] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial [ 19.991429] usb-storage: device found at 4 [ 19.991432] usb-storage: waiting for device to settle before scanning [ 20.017260] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage [ 20.017305] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial_generic [ 20.017308] usbserial: USB Serial Driver core [ 20.017817] usb-storage: device found at 4 [ 20.017820] usb-storage: waiting for device to settle before scanning [ 20.070796] usbcore: registered new interface driver btusb [ 20.229525] usb 1-1: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB0 [ 20.229776] usb 1-1: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB1 [ 20.229843] usbcore: registered new interface driver option [ 20.230396] usbcore: registered new interface driver hiddev [ 20.246280] input: Logitech USB Mouse as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.1/usb3/3-1/3-1:1.0/input/input6 [ 20.246438] generic-usb 0003:046D:C00C.0001: input,hidraw0: USB HID v1.10 Mouse [Logitech USB Mouse] on usb-0000:00:1d.1-1/input0 [ 20.246479] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid [ 20.246483] usbhid: v2.6:USB HID core driver [ 25.436579] usb-storage: device scan complete [ 25.437674] usb-storage: device scan complete

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  • How to Buy an SD Card: Speed Classes, Sizes, and Capacities Explained

    - by Chris Hoffman
    Memory cards are used in digital cameras, music players, smartphones, tablets, and even laptops. But not all SD cards are created equal — there are different speed classes, physical sizes, and capacities to consider. Different devices require different types of SD cards. Here are the differences you’ll need to keep in mind when picking out the right SD card for your device. Speed Class In a nutshell, not all SD cards offer the same speeds. This matters for some tasks more than it matters for others. For example, if you’re a professional photographer taking photos in rapid succession on a DSLR camera saving them in high-resolution RAW format, you’ll want a fast SD card so your camera can save them as fast as possible. A fast SD card is also important if you want to record high-resolution video and save it directly to the SD card. If you’re just taking a few photos on a typical consumer camera or you’re just using an SD card to store some media files on your smartphone, the speed isn’t as important. Manufacturers use “speed classes” to measure an SD card’s speed. The SD Association that defines the SD card standard doesn’t actually define the exact speeds associated with these classes, but they do provide guidelines. There are four different speed classes — 10, 8, 4, and 2. 10 is the fastest, while 2 is the slowest. Class 2 is suitable for standard definition video recording, while classes 4 and 6 are suitable for high-definition video recording. Class 10 is suitable for “full HD video recording” and “HD still consecutive recording.” There are also two Ultra High Speed (UHS) speed classes, but they’re more expensive and are designed for professional use. UHS cards are designed for devices that support UHS. Here are the associated logos, in order from slowest to fastest:       You’ll probably be okay with a class 4 or 6 card for typical use in a digital camera, smartphone, or tablet. Class 10 cards are ideal if you’re shooting high-resolution videos or RAW photos. Class 2 cards are a bit on the slow side these days, so you may want to avoid them for all but the cheapest digital cameras. Even a cheap smartphone can record HD video, after all. An SD card’s speed class is identified on the SD card itself. You’ll also see the speed class on the online store listing or on the card’s packaging when purchasing it. For example, in the below photo, the middle SD card is speed class 4, while the two other cards are speed class 6. If you see no speed class symbol, you have a class 0 SD card. These cards were designed and produced before the speed class rating system was introduced. They may be slower than even a class 2 card. Physical Size Different devices use different sizes of SD cards. You’ll find standard-size CD cards, miniSD cards, and microSD cards. Standard SD cards are the largest, although they’re still very small. They measure 32x24x2.1 mm and weigh just two grams. Most consumer digital cameras for sale today still use standard SD cards. They have the standard “cut corner”  design. miniSD cards are smaller than standard SD cards, measuring 21.5x20x1.4 mm and weighing about 0.8 grams. This is the least common size today. miniSD cards were designed to be especially small for mobile phones, but we now have a smaller size. microSD cards are the smallest size of SD card, measuring 15x11x1 mm and weighing just 0.25 grams. These cards are used in most cell phones and smartphones that support SD cards. They’re also used in many other devices, such as tablets. SD cards will only fit into marching slots. You can’t plug a microSD card into a standard SD card slot — it won’t fit. However, you can purchase an adapter that allows you to plug a smaller SD card into a larger SD card’s form and fit it into the appropriate slot. Capacity Like USB flash drives, hard drives, solid-state drives, and other storage media, different SD cards can have different amounts of storage. But the differences between SD card capacities don’t stop there. Standard SDSC (SD) cards are 1 MB to 2 GB in size, or perhaps 4 GB in size — although 4 GB is non-standard. The SDHC standard was created later, and allows cards 2 GB to 32 GB in size. SDXC is a more recent standard that allows cards 32 GB to 2 TB in size. You’ll need a device that supports SDHC or SDXC cards to use them. At this point, the vast majority of devices should support SDHC. In fact, the SD cards you have are probably SDHC cards. SDXC is newer and less common. When buying an SD card, you’ll need to buy the right speed class, size, and capacity for your needs. Be sure to check what your device supports and consider what speed and capacity you’ll actually need. Image Credit: Ryosuke SEKIDO on Flickr, Clive Darra on Flickr, Steven Depolo on Flickr

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  • Get specifc value from JSon string using JSon.Net

    - by dean nolan
    I am trying to get a value from a JSon formatted string. It was to get album info from a website called Freebase. My result is like this: { "a0": { "code": "/api/status/error", "messages": [ { "code": "/api/status/error/mql/result", "info": { "count": 20, "result": [ { "album": [ { "name": "Definitely Maybe", "release_date": "1994-08-30" } ], "artist": "Oasis", "name": "Live Forever", "type": "/music/track" }, { "album": [ { "name": "Most Wanted Rock 1", "release_date": null } ], "artist": "Oasis", "name": "Live Forever", "type": "/music/track" }, { "album": [ { "name": "Alternative 90s", "release_date": null } ], "artist": "Oasis", "name": "Live Forever", "type": "/music/track" }, { "album": [ { "name": "Live Forever: Best of Britpop", "release_date": "2003-03-03" } ], "artist": "Oasis", "name": "Live Forever", "type": "/music/track" }, { "album": [ { "name": "The Best... In the World... Ever! Volume 5", "release_date": "1997-03-31" } ], "artist": "Oasis", "name": "Live Forever", "type": "/music/track" }, { "album": [ { "name": "Live 4 Ever", "release_date": "1998-06-29" } ], "artist": "Oasis", "name": "Live Forever", "type": "/music/track" }, { "album": [ { "name": "De Afrekening, Volume 8", "release_date": "1994" } ], "artist": "Oasis", "name": "Live Forever", "type": "/music/track" }, { "album": [ { "name": "Now That's What I Call Music! 33", "release_date": null } ], "artist": "Oasis", "name": "Live Forever", "type": "/music/track" }, { "album": [ { "name": "Q: Anthems", "release_date": null } ], "artist": "Oasis", "name": "Live Forever", "type": "/music/track" }, { "album": [ { "name": "The Best Anthems... Ever! Volume 2", "release_date": null } ], "artist": "Oasis", "name": "Live Forever", "type": "/music/track" }, { "album": [ { "name": "1995 Mercury Music Prize: Ten Albums of the Year", "release_date": null } ], "artist": "Oasis", "name": "Live Forever", "type": "/music/track" }, { "album": [ { "name": "Now That's What I Call Music! 1994", "release_date": null } ], "artist": "Oasis", "name": "Live Forever", "type": "/music/track" }, { "album": [ { "name": "Indie Top 20, Volume 21", "release_date": "1995" } ], "artist": "Oasis", "name": "Live Forever", "type": "/music/track" }, { "album": [ { "name": "Dad Rocks!", "release_date": "2006-06-05" } ], "artist": "Oasis", "name": "Live Forever", "type": "/music/track" }, { "album": [ { "name": "Untitled", "release_date": null } ], "artist": "Oasis", "name": "Live Forever", "type": "/music/track" }, { "album": [ { "name": "The Greatest Hits of 1994", "release_date": "1994-10" } ], "artist": "Oasis", "name": "Live Forever", "type": "/music/track" }, { "album": [ { "name": "Top of the Pops 2", "release_date": "2000-03-27" } ], "artist": "Oasis", "name": "Live Forever", "type": "/music/track" }, { "album": [ { "name": "Q: Anthems (disc 1)", "release_date": null } ], "artist": "Oasis", "name": "Live Forever", "type": "/music/track" }, { "album": [ { "name": "Jamie Oliver's Cookin'", "release_date": "2001" } ], "artist": "Oasis", "name": "Live Forever", "type": "/music/track" }, { "album": [ { "name": "Killer Buzz", "release_date": "2001" } ], "artist": "Oasis", "name": "Live Forever", "type": "/music/track" } ] }, "message": "Unique query may have at most one result. Got 20", "path": "", "query": { "album": [ { "name": null, "release_date": null, "sort": "release_date" } ], "artist": "Oasis", "error_inside": ".", "name": "Live Forever", "type": "/music/track" } } ] }, "code": "/api/status/ok", "status": "200 OK", "transaction_id": "cache;cache04.p01.sjc1:8101;2010-03-30T18:04:20Z;0035" } I am looking to get the first album title, Definitely Maybe, from this list. I have tried parsing the string like this: JObject o = JObject.Parse(jsonString); string album = (string)o[""]; But no matter what I have tried I don't know what to put in those quotes. How would I get this specific value or be able to search for it? Thanks

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  • filesystem mounting problem

    - by user306988
    Hello, A DAS box is attached to my linux box using LSI SCSI HBA. Volume is properly detected on the linux box and filesystem is created using mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdc #No partition table I can not mount the volume using mount/dev/sdc /mnt/temp -t ext3 But I can mount it using mount /dev/sdc /mnt/temp -t ext3 -o loop Can anybody please tell me what "-o loop" option does internally? Has anybody faced this option before? Thanks in advance, prashant

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  • How to add my program to the OS X system menu bar?

    - by Joe
    I have created a volume controller for iTunes but I would like this app to place an icon on the OS X system menu bar and have my slider controller drop down. I created this because I have to switch to iTunes to change the volume of the music because I am using the digital-out audio and the keyboard keys do not work in digital-out mode. Any guidance would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Silverlight audio components

    - by Shurup
    Do you know any good commertial or free audio / sound components that can be used in Silverlight (better on the client)? Desired features: visualizing (waveform, peakform etc., zoom, editing volume, pan, start and end markers etc.) editing (channels: volume, pan, mute, fading, etc., merge, cut, copy, paste, etc., effects) mixing different sound tracks, creating a downmix exporting result in some in Silverlight usable (compressed) formats Some useful projects that I've founded: Saluse MediaKit for Silverlight (MP3 decoder, AudioPreProcessor, visualizers, effects) Microsoft Design Toolbox sound mixer (incl. source code and video) and Demo

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