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• Why does forward declaration not work with classes?

  - by eSKay

  int main() { B bb; //does not compile (neither does class B bb;) C cc; //does not compile struct t tt; //compiles class B {}; struct s { struct t * pt; }; //compiles struct t { struct s * ps; }; return 0; } class C {}; I just modified the example given here. Why is that the struct forward declarations work but not the class forward declarations? Does it have something to do with the namespaces - tag namespace and typedef namespace? I know that the structure definitions without typedefs go to tag namespace. Structures are just classes with all public members. So, I expect them to behave similarly.

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• Find the minimum gap between two numbers in an AVL tree

  - by user1656647

  I have a data structures homework, that in addition to the regular AVL tree functions, I have to add a function that returns the minimum gap between any two numbers in the AVL tree (the nodes in the AVL actually represent numbers.) Lets say we have the numbers (as nodes) 1 5 12 20 23 21 in the AVL tree, the function should return the minimum gap between any two numbers. In this situation it should return "1" which is |20-21| or |21-20|. It should be done in O(1). Tried to think alot about it, and I know there is a trick but just couldn't find it, I have spent hours on this. There was another task which is to find the maximum gap, which is easy, it is the difference between the minimal and maximal number.

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• Accessing structure through pointers [c]

  - by Blackbinary

  I've got a structure which holds names and ages. I've made a linked-list of these structures, using this as a pointer: aNode *rootA; in my main. Now i send **rootA to a function like so addElement(5,"Drew",**rootA); Because i need to pass rootA by reference so that I can edit it in other functions (in my actual program i have two roots, so return will not work) The problem is, in my program, i can't say access the structure members. *rootA->age = 4; for example doesnt work. Hopefully you guys can help me out. Thanks!

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• Boost::Spirit::Qi autorules -- avoiding repeated copying of AST data structures

  - by phooji

  I've been using Qi and Karma to do some processing on several small languages. Most of the grammars are pretty small (20-40 rules). I've been able to use autorules almost exclusively, so my parse trees consist entirely of variants, structs, and std::vectors. This setup works great for the common case: 1) parse something (Qi), 2) make minor manipulations to the parse tree (visitor), and 3) output something (Karma). However, I'm concerned about what will happen if I want to make complex structural changes to a syntax tree, like moving big subtrees around. Consider the following toy example: A grammar for s-expr-style logical expressions that uses autorules... // Inside grammar class; rule names match struct names... pexpr %= pand | por | var | bconst; pand %= lit("(and ") >> (pexpr % lit(" ")) >> ")"; por %= lit("(or ") >> (pexpr % lit(" ")) >> ")"; pnot %= lit("(not ") >> pexpr >> ")"; ... which leads to parse tree representation that looks like this... struct var { std::string name; }; struct bconst { bool val; }; struct pand; struct por; struct pnot; typedef boost::variant<bconst, var, boost::recursive_wrapper<pand>, boost::recursive_wrapper<por>, boost::recursive_wrapper<pnot> > pexpr; struct pand { std::vector<pexpr> operands; }; struct por { std::vector<pexpr> operands; }; struct pnot { pexpr victim; }; // Many Fusion Macros here Suppose I have a parse tree that looks something like this: pand / ... \ por por / \ / \ var var var var (The ellipsis means 'many more children of similar shape for pand.') Now, suppose that I want negate each of the por nodes, so that the end result is: pand / ... \ pnot pnot | | por por / \ / \ var var var var The direct approach would be, for each por subtree: - create pnot node (copies por in construction); - re-assign the appropriate vector slot in the pand node (copies pnot node and its por subtree). Alternatively, I could construct a separate vector, and then replace (swap) the pand vector wholesale, eliminating a second round of copying. All of this seems cumbersome compared to a pointer-based tree representation, which would allow for the pnot nodes to be inserted without any copying of existing nodes. My question: Is there a way to avoid copy-heavy tree manipulations with autorule-compliant data structures? Should I bite the bullet and just use non-autorules to build a pointer-based AST (e.g., http://boost-spirit.com/home/2010/03/11/s-expressions-and-variants/)?

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• Is there a standard practice for storing default application data?

  - by Rox Wen

  Our application includes a default set of data. The default data includes coefficients and other factors that are unlikely to ever change but still need to be update-able by the user. Currently, the original default data is stored as a populated class within the application. Data updates are stored to an external XML file. This design allows us to include a "reset" feature to restore the original default data. Our rationale for not storing defaults externally [e.g. XML file] was to minimize the risk of being altered. The overall volume of data doesn't warrant a database. Is there a standard practice for storing "default" application data?

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• Comparison of collection datatypes in C#

  - by Joel in Gö

  Does anyone know of a good overview of the different C# collection types? I am looking for something showing which basic operations such as Add, Remove, RemoveLast etc. are supported, and giving the relative performance. It would be particularly interesting for the various generic classes - and even better if it showed eg. if there is a difference in performance between a List<T> where T is a class and one where T is a struct. A start would be a nice cheat-sheet for the abstract data structures, comparing Linked Lists, Hash Tables etc. etc. Thanks!

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• Where can I learn more about datastructure tricky questions?

  - by Sandbox

  I am relatively new to programming (around 1 year programming C#-winforms). Also, I come from a non CS background (no formal degree) Recently, while being interviewed for a job, I was asked about implementing a queue using a stack. I fumbled and wan't able to answer the question. After, the interview I could do it(had to spend some time). I have learnt (and think that I know it well) basic algorithms in datastructures using the book Data Structures: A Pseudocode Approach with C - Richard F. Gilberg (Author) . I want to know about sites/ books which have such questions along with answers. I think this will allow me to develop my CS specific problem solving skills. Any help is appreciated. BOUNTY: I am looking at some blog/website with datastructure and algorithms Q&A.

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• What is it about Fibonacci numbers?

  - by Ian Bishop

  Fibonacci numbers have become a popular introduction to recursion for Computer Science students and there's a strong argument that they persist within nature. For these reasons, many of us are familiar with them. They also exist within Computer Science elsewhere too; in surprisingly efficient data structures and algorithms based upon the sequence. There are two main examples that come to mind: Fibonacci heaps which have better amortized running time than binomial heaps. Fibonacci search which shares O(log N) running time with binary search on an ordered array. Is there some special property of these numbers that gives them an advantage over other numerical sequences? Is it a density quality? What other possible applications could they have? It seems strange to me as there are many natural number sequences that occur in other recursive problems, but I've never seen a Catalan heap.

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• How do you store sets in Cassandra?

  - by Ben W

  I'd like to convert this JSON to a data model in Cassandra, where each of the arrays is a set with no duplicates: var data = { "data1": { "100": [1, 2, 3], "200": [3, 4] }, "data2": { "k1", [1], "k2", [4, 5] } } I'd like to query like this: data["data1"]["100"] to retrieve the sets. Anyone know how you might model this in Cassandra? (The only thing I came up with was columns whose name was a set value and the value of the column was an empty string, but that felt wrong.) It's not OK to serialize the sets as JSON or some other string, which would make this much easier. Also, I should note that it's OK to split data1 and data2 into separate ColumnFamilies, it's not necessary that they're keys in the same one.

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• A balanced binary search tree which is also a heap

  - by saeedn

  I'm looking for a data structure where each element in it has two keys. With one of them the structure is a BST and looking at the other one, data structure is a heap. With a little search, I found a structure called Treap. It uses the heap property with a random distribution on heap keys to make the BST balanced! What I want is a Balanced BST, which can be also a heap. The BST in Treap could be unbalanced if I insert elements with heap Key in the order of my choice. Is there such a data structure?

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• what are the recent dataStructure and algorithms that one should know?

  - by Shamik

  Recently I came across the SkipList data structure. It really helped me to solve one otherwise critical problem to be solved. I was struggling to solve the same problem with Balanced Binary tree but it became very complex as the tree needs to be always balanced and I wanted to know the existence of not only a particular value but values in certain range. SkipList helped me to solve that problem effectively. I am wondering what else data structures that I need to know? I know - Array, List, Stack, Queue, Linked List, hashtable, tree and its different forms like B-tree, Trie etc. Would like to know if you find some other data structure/concept very interesting to know yet effective enough to be used in a daily development cycle.

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• basic json > struct question

  - by danwoods

  I'm working with twitter's api, trying to get the json data from http://search.twitter.com/trends/current.json which looks like: {"as_of":1268069036,"trends":{"2010-03-08 17:23:56":[{"name":"Happy Women's Day","query":"\"Happy Women's Day\" OR \"Women's Day\""},{"name":"#MusicMonday","query":"#MusicMonday"},{"name":"#MM","query":"#MM"},{"name":"Oscars","query":"Oscars OR #oscars"},{"name":"#nooffense","query":"#nooffense"},{"name":"Hurt Locker","query":"\"Hurt Locker\""},{"name":"Justin Bieber","query":"\"Justin Bieber\""},{"name":"Cmon","query":"Cmon"},{"name":"My World 2","query":"\"My World 2\""},{"name":"Sandra Bullock","query":"\"Sandra Bullock\""}]}} My structs look like: type trend struct { name string query string } type trends struct { id string arr_of_trends []trend } type Trending struct { as_of string trends_obj trends } and then I parse the JSON into a variable of type Trending. I'm very new to JSON so my main concern is making sure I've have the data structure correctly setup to hold the returned json data. I'm writing this in 'Go' for a project for school. (This is not part of a particular assignment, just something I'm demo-ing for a presentation on the language)

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• Java-Recursion: When does statements after a recursive method call executes

  - by Ruru Morlano

  When are statements after the method call itself going to execute? private void inorderHelper(TreeNode node) { if ( node==null ) return; inorderHelper(node.leftNode); System.out.printf("%d", node.data); inorderHelper(node.rigthNode); } All I can see is that the line of codes inorderHelper(node.leftNode) will continue to iterate until node == null and the method terminates immediately before node.data is printed. I think that I didn't get well recursion but all examples I can find doesn't have statements after the recursive call. All I want to know is when are statements like System.out.printf("%d",node.data) going to execute before the method return?

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• Python - a clean approach to this problem?

  - by Seafoid

  Hi, I am having trouble picking the best data structure for solving a problem. The problem is as below: I have a nested list of identity codes where the sublists are of varying length. li = [['abc', 'ghi', 'lmn'], ['kop'], ['hgi', 'ghy']] I have a file with two entries on each line; an identity code and a number. abc 2.93 ghi 3.87 lmn 5.96 Each sublist represents a cluster. I wish to select the i.d. from each sublist with the highest number associated with it, append that i.d. to a new list and ultimately write it to a new file. What data structure should the file with numbers be read in as? Also, how would you iterate over said data structure to return the i.d. with the highest number that matches the i.d. within a sublist? Thanks, S :-)

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• Purely functional equivalent of weakhashmap?

  - by Jon Harrop

  Weak hash tables like Java's weak hash map use weak references to track the collection of unreachable keys by the garbage collector and remove bindings with that key from the collection. Weak hash tables are typically used to implement indirections from one vertex or edge in a graph to another because they allow the garbage collector to collect unreachable portions of the graph. Is there a purely functional equivalent of this data structure? If not, how might one be created? This seems like an interesting challenge. The internal implementation cannot be pure because it must collect (i.e. mutate) the data structure in order to remove unreachable parts but I believe it could present a pure interface to the user, who could never observe the impurities because they only affect portions of the data structure that the user can, by definition, no longer reach.

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• How does including a .csv work in an enum?

  - by Tommy

  enum ID // IDs { ID_HEADER = 0, // ID 0 = headers #include "DATA.CSV" ID_LIMIT }; I inherited some code here..... Looking at "DATA.CSV" I see all the ID's used to populate the enum in column B, along with other data. My question: How does the enum know that it is using "column B" to retrieve it's members? There must be some other logic in the application yet I don't see it. What else should I look for? Thanks.

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• EMEA Analytics & Data Integration Oracle Partner Forum

  - by milomir.vojvodic

  MONDAY 12TH NOVEMBER, 2012 IN LONDON (UK) For Oracle Partners across Europe, Middle East and Africa: come to hear the latest news from Oracle OpenWorld about Oracle BI & Data Integration, and propel your business growth as an Oracle partner. This event should appeal to BI or Data Integration specialized partners, Executives, Sales, Pre-sales and Solution architects: with a choice of participation in the plenary day and then a set of special interest (technical) sessions. The follow on breakout sessions from the 13th November provide deeper dives and technical training for those of you who wish to stay for more detailed and hands-on workshops. Keynote: Andrew Sutherland, SVP Oracle Technology Hot agenda items will include: The Fusion Middleware Stack: Engineered to work together A complete Analytics and Data Integration Solution Architecture: Big Data and Little Data combined In-Memory Analytics for Extreme Insight Latest Product Development Roadmap for Data Integration and Analytics Venue: Oracles London CITY Moorgate Offices Places are limited, Register from this Link Note: Registration for the conference and the deeper dives and technical training is free of charge to OPN member Partners, but you will be responsible for your own travel and hotel expenses. Event Schedule During this event you can learn about partner success stories, participate in an array of break-out sessions, exchange information with other partners and enjoy a vibrant panel discussion. Nov. 12th  : Day 1 Main Plenary Session : Full day, starting 10.30 am.  Oracle Hosted Dinner in the Evening Nov. 13th  onwards Architecture Masterclass : IM Reference Architecture – Big Data and Little Data combined (1 day) BI-Apps Bootcamp  (4-days) Oracle GoldenGate workshop (1 day) Oracle Data Integrator and Oracle Enterprise Data Quality workshop (1 day) For further information and detail download the Agenda (pdf) or contact Michael Hallett at [email protected] and Milomir Vojvodic at [email protected] v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}

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• Thread-safe data structures

  - by Inso Reiges

  Hello, I have to design a data structure that is to be used in a multi-threaded environment. The basic API is simple: insert element, remove element, retrieve element, check that element exists. The structure's implementation uses implicit locking to guarantee the atomicity of a single API call. After i implemented this it became apparent, that what i really need is atomicity across several API calls. For example if a caller needs to check the existence of an element before trying to insert it he can't do that atomically even if each single API call is atomic: if(!data_structure.exists(element)) { data_structure.insert(element); } The example is somewhat awkward, but the basic point is that we can't trust the result of exists call anymore after we return from atomic context (the generated assembly clearly shows a minor chance of context switch between the two calls). What i currently have in mind to solve this is exposing the lock through the data structure's public API. This way clients will have to explicitly lock things, but at least they won't have to create their own locks. Is there a better commonly-known solution to these kinds of problems? And as long as we're at it, can you advise some good literature on thread-safe design? Thank you.

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• What is the data transfer speeds within the disk, to other devices?

  - by Kumar

  I use Debian 6 on a HP Elitbook 6930 with 2Gigs of RAM. I was copying two AVI files, 1.5 GB in total, and noticed that the data copying was done at the rate of 4MB/sec. When I copy same AVIs to my Western Digital Passport 25G USB plugin drive the data transfer speed is 11+MB/sec. This speed is different if I plugin the drive to different USB ports. Interestingly, at work I also downloaded a 16MB IE8 exe on my virtual xp, run inside Oracle Sun Virtual Box, and it was downloaded AND saved within a second. We have a high speed network at work. :-) Why and how this difference in data speeds is possible?

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• What's the best way of handling permissions for apache2's user www-data in /var/www ?

  - by gyaresu

  Has anyone got a nice solution for handling files in /var/www/ ? We're running Name Based Virtual Hosts and the apache2 user is 'www-data' We've got two regular users & root. So when messing with files in /var/www ,rather than having to... chown -R www-data:www-data ...all the time, what's a good way of handling this? Supplementary question. How hardcore do you then go on permissions? This one has always been a problem in collaborative development environments. Cheers.

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• LVM vs RAID0 vs RAID "linear" - Combine 2 disks as one, data recovery?

  - by leto

  Hi there, given two 2TB USB external disks that have to be combined to one 4TB volume and formatted with one big Filesystem (XFS), I have a small question to ask. Does LVM provide better Data recovery, should one disk be unplugged/damaged by being able to recover the data of the still working disk or is everything lost? I would appreciate a solution where only the data of one disk is lost and I can recover the content of the other with the usual filesystem/lvm/raid tools. Is that possible with LVM or RAID "linear"? This is for storing unimportant files that can be retrieved from backup, but I want to save time :) Thank you in advance

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• [ASP.NET 4.0] Persisting Row Selection in Data Controls

  - by HosamKamel

  Data Control Selection Feature In ASP.NET 2.0: ASP.NET Data Controls row selection feature was based on row index (in the current page), this of course produce an issue if you try to select an item in the first page then navigate to the second page without select any record you will find the same row (with the same index) selected in the second page! In the sample application attached: Select the second row in the books GridView. Navigate to second page without doing any selection You will find the second row in the second page selected. Persisting Row Selection: Is a new feature which replace the old selection mechanism which based on row index to be based on the row data key instead. This means that if you select the third row on page 1 and move to page 2, nothing is selected on page 2. When you move back to page 1, the third row is still selected. Data Control Selection Feature In ASP.NET 3.5 SP1: The Persisting Row Selection was initially supported only in Dynamic Data projects Data Control Selection Feature In ASP.NET 4.0: Persisted selection is now supported for the GridView and ListView controls in all projects. You can enable this feature by setting the EnablePersistedSelection property, as shown below: Important thing to note, once you enable this feature you have to set the DataKeyNames property too because as discussed the full approach is based on the Row Data Key Simple feature but  is a much more natural behavior than the behavior in earlier versions of ASP.NET. Download Demo Project

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• Oracle Introduces Oracle Communications Data Model to Provide Actionable Insight for Communications

  - by kimberly.billings

  To help communications service providers (CSPs) manage and analyze rapidly growing data volumes cost effectively, Oracle recently introduced the Oracle Communications Data Model (OCDM). With the OCDM, CSPs can achieve rapid time to value by quickly implementing a standards-based enterprise data warehouse that features communications industry-specific reporting, analytics and data mining. The combination of the OCDM, Oracle Exadata and the Oracle Business Intelligence (BI) Foundation represents the most comprehensive data warehouse and BI solution for the communications industry. Hong Kong Broadband Network, the fastest growing and second largest broadband service provider in Hong Kong, enhanced its data warehouse using Oracle Communications Data Model. It went live with OCDM within three months, and has increased its subscriber base by 37 percent in six months and reduced customer churn to less than one percent. Read more about HKBN's use of OCDM. Read more about OCDM var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); try { var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-13185312-1"); pageTracker._trackPageview(); } catch(err) {}

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• Database Developers Can Now Save 20%

  - by stephen.garth

  Database developers can now increase productivity and save money at the same time. For a limited time, Oracle Store is offering a 20% discount on Oracle SQL Developer Data Modeler. Just enter the code SQLDDM at checkout to get the discount. Oracle SQL Developer Data Modeler is an independent, standalone product with a full spectrum of data and database modeling tools and utilities, including modeling for Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERD), Relational (database design), Data Type and Multi-dimensional modeling, full forward and reverse engineering and DDL code generation. SQL Developer Data Modeler can connect to any supported Oracle Database and is platform independent. Save 20% on Oracle SQL Developer Data Modeler at Oracle Store - Discount Code SQLDDM Find out more about Oracle SQL Developer and Oracle SQL Developer Data Modeler var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); try { var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-13185312-1"); pageTracker._trackPageview(); } catch(err) {}

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• Cloud Computing and Data Utilization

  - by Ahsan Alam

  Someone recently asked me “is cloud computing going to change the way we perceive data?”. My first instinct was “off course”; but I restrained myself and thought for a moment. Then my answer was “no”. Why do I feel that way? Technology and business have evolved quite a bit in the past few decades; however, the need to effectively view and utilize data hasn't changed. It is not uncommon to see many organization to rely on multiple database management systems (DBMS). Applications and systems are often built to utilize information from all these data sources, and effectively present them to users. In addition to multiple DBMS, corporations are also housing their systems across numerous data centers. In fact, systems and data can reside anywhere around the world with the advent of globalization. Cloud based systems have simply provided us a different place to maintain our data, nothing more. Hosting costs, security and accessibility are different issues; however, the way we utilize and view these data remains the same.

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