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  • How to properly structure a project in winform?

    - by user850010
    A while ago I started to create a winform application and at that time it was small and I did not give any thought of how to structure the project. Since then I added additional features as I needed and the project folder is getting bigger and bigger and now I think it is time to structure the project in some way, but I am not sure what is the proper way, so I have few questions. How to properly restructure the project folder? At the moment I am thinking of something like this: Create Folder for Forms Create Folder for Utility classes Create Folder for Classes that contain only data What is the naming convention when adding classes? Should I also rename classes so that their functionality can be identified by just looking at their name? For example renaming all forms classes, so that their name ends with Form. Or is this not necessary if special folders for them are created? What to do, so that not all the code for main form ends up in Form1.cs Another problem I encountered is that as the main form is getting more massive with each feature I add, the code file (Form1.cs) is getting really big. I have for example a TabControl and each tab has bunch of controls and all the code ended up in Form1.cs. How to avoid this? Also, Do you know any articles or books that deal with these problems?

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  • Struggling with the Single Responsibility Principle

    - by AngryBird
    Consider this example: I have a website. It allows users to make posts (can be anything) and add tags that describe the post. In the code, I have two classes that represent the post and tags. Lets call these classes Post and Tag. Post takes care of creating posts, deleting posts, updating posts, etc. Tag takes care of creating tags, deleting tags, updating tags, etc. There is one operation that is missing. The linking of tags to posts. I am struggling with who should do this operation. It could fit equally well in either class. On one hand, the Post class could have a function that takes a Tag as a parameter, and then stores it in a list of tags. On the other hand, the Tag class could have a function that takes a Post as a parameter and links the Tag to the Post. The above is just an example of my problem. I am actually running into this with multiple classes that are all similar. It could fit equally well in both. Short of actually putting the functionality in both classes, what conventions or design styles exist to help me solve this problem. I am assuming there has to be something short of just picking one? Maybe putting it in both classes is the correct answer?

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  • Defining .NET Components with Namespaces

    A .NET software component is a compiled set of classes that provide a programmable interface that is used by consumer applications for a service. As a component is no more than a logical grouping of classes, what then is the best way to define the boundaries of a component within the .NET framework? How should the classes inter-operate? Patrick Smacchia, the lead developer of NDepend, discusses the issues and comes up with a solution.

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  • Complete Math Library for use in OpenGL ES 2.0 Game?

    - by Bunkai.Satori
    Are you aware of a complete (or almost complete) cross platform math library for use in OpenGL ES 2.0 games? The library should contain: Matrix2x2, Matrix 3x3, Matrix4x4 classes Quaternions Vector2, Vector3, Vector4 Classes Euler Angle Class Operations amongh the above mentioned classes, conversions, etc.. Standardly used math operations in 3D graphics (Dot Product, Cross Product, SLERP, etc...) Is there such Math API available either standalone or as a part of any package? Programming Language: Visual C++ but planned to be ported to OS X and Android OS.

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  • Creating a shared library that might be used with desktop applications and web projects

    - by dreza
    I have been involved in a number of MVC.NET and c# desktop projects in our company over the last year or so while also managing to kept my nose poked into other projects (in a read-only learning capacity of course). From this I've noticed that across the various projects and teams there is a-lot of functionality that has been well designed against good interfaces and abstractions. Because we tend to like our own work at times, I noticed a couple of projects had the exact same class, method copied into it as it had obviously worked on one and so was easily moved to a new project (probably by the same developer who originally wrote it) I mentioned this fact in one of our programmer meetings we have occasionally and suggested we pull some of this functionality into a core company library that we can build up over time and use across multiple projects. Everyone agreed and I started looking into this possibility. However, I've come across a stumbling block pretty early on. Our team primarily focuses on MVC at the moment and we have projects mainly in 2.0 but are starting to branch to 3.0. We also have a number of desktop applications that might benefit from some shared classes and basic helper methods. Initially when creating this DLL I included some shared classes that could be used across any project type (Web, Client etc) but then I started looking at adding some shared modules that would be useful in our MVC applications only. However this meant I had to include a reference to some Microsoft Web DLL's in order to leverage some of the classes I was creating (at this stage MVC 2.0). Now my issue is that we have a shared DLL that has references to web specific libraries that could also possibly be used in a client application. Not only that, our DLL referenced initially MVC 2.0 and we will eventually move onto MVC 3.0 for all projects. But alot of the classes in this library I expect to still be relevant to MVC 3 etc Our code within this DLL is separated into it's own namespaces such as: CompanyDLL.Primitives CompanyDLL.Web.Mvc CompanyDLL.Helpers etc etc So, my questions are: Is it OK to do a shared library like this, or if we have web specific features in it should we create a separate web DLL only targeted at a specific framework or MVC version? If it's OK, what kind of issues might we face when using the library that references MVC 2 in a MVC 3 project for example. I would be thinking that we might run into some sort of compatibility issue, or even issues where the developers using the library doesn't realize they need MVC 2.0 libraries. They might only want to use some of the generic classes etc The concept seemed like a good idea at the time, but I'm starting to think maybe it's not really a practical solution. But the number of times I've seen copied classes and methods across projects because they are proven tested code is a bit unnerving to be perfectly honest!

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  • Is there a name for this functional programming construct/pattern?

    - by dietbuddha
    I wrote a function and I'd like to find out if it is an implementation of some functional programming pattern or construct. I'd like to find out the name of this pattern or construct (if it exists)? I have a function which takes a list of functions and does this to them: wrap(fn1, fn2, fn3, fn4) # returns partial(fn4, partial(fn3, partial(fn2, fn1))) There are strong similarities to compose, reduce, and other fp metaprogramming constructs, since the functions are being arranged together and returned as one function. It also has strong similarities to decorators and Python context managers since it provides a way to encapsulate pre and post execution behaviors in one function. Which was the impetus for writing this function. I wanted the ability that context managers provide, but I wanted to be able to have it defined in one function, and to be able to layer function after function on top.

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  • Can I use a wildcard to denote subdirectories as opposed to just files in the Windows Command Prompt

    - by Dinosaurus
    I know I can use a wildcard to list the files in a single directory: dir *.java However, does anyone know if it is possible to denote a subdirectory with a wildcard as well? I would like to do something like dir classes/*/*.java Where, it will list all the java files in every subdirectory beneath the classes directory. So, if there is: classes/cs1100/ classes/cs1200/ classes/cs1500/ It will list all the java files within these. Note, I'm not using this specifically for the "Dir" command, but instead another command line tool that accepts a list of files. But, if it works for Dir, it shoudl work in my other program as well.

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  • What is a 'good number' of exceptions to implement for my library?

    - by Fuzz
    I've always wondered how many different exception classes I should implement and throw for various pieces of my software. My particular development is usually C++/C#/Java related, but I believe this is a question for all languages. I want to understand what is a good number of different exceptions to throw, and what the developer community expect of a good library. The trade-offs I see include: More exception classes can allow very fine grain levels of error handling for API users (prone to user configuration or data errors, or files not being found) More exception classes allows error specific information to be embedded in the exception, rather than just a string message or error code More exception classes can mean more code maintenance More exception classes can mean the API is less approachable to users The scenarios I wish to understand exception usage in include: During 'configuration' stage, which might include loading files or setting parameters During an 'operation' type phase where the library might be running tasks and doing some work, perhaps in another thread Other patterns of error reporting without using exceptions, or less exceptions (as a comparison) might include: Less exceptions, but embedding an error code that can be used as a lookup Returning error codes and flags directly from functions (sometimes not possible from threads) Implemented an event or callback system upon error (avoids stack unwinding) As developers, what do you prefer to see? If there are MANY exceptions, do you bother error handling them separately anyway? Do you have a preference for error handling types depending on the stage of operation?

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  • Java best practice Interface - subclasses and constants

    - by Taiko
    In the case where a couple of classes implements an interface, and those classes have a couple of constants in common (but no functions), were should I put this constant ? I've had this problem a couple of times. I have this interface : DataFromSensors that I use to hide the implementations of several sub classes like DataFromHeartRateMonitor DataFromGps etc... For some reason, those classes uses the same constants. And there's nowere else in the code were it is used. My question is, were should I put those constants ? Not in the interface, because it has nothing to do with my API Not in a static Constants class, because I'm trying to avoid those Not in a common abstract class, that would stand between the interface and the subclasses, because I have no functions in common, only a couple of constants (TIMEOUT_DURATION, UUID, those kind of things) I've read best practice for constants and interface to define constants but they don't really answer my question. Thanks !

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  • Why DbContext object shouldn't be referred in Service Layer?

    - by nazmoonnoor
    I've been looking for some implementations of Service Layer and Controller interaction in blogs and in some open source projects. All of them seem to refer DbContext object in repository classes but avoided to use in service classes. Service classes essentially using a IQueryable<T> references of DbSet<T>. I want to know why this practice is good and why DbContext shouldn't have a reference in Service Layer.

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  • I have data that sends in "bursts" of 100 records with a significant delay. How do I structure my classes for multithreading?

    - by makerofthings7
    My datasource sends information in 100 batches of 100 records with a delay of 1 to 3 seconds between batches. I would like to start processing data as soon as it's received, but I'm not sure how to best approach this. Some ideas I've been playing with include: yield Concurrent Dictionary ConcurrentDictionary with INotifyProperyChanged Events etc. As you can see I'm all over the place, and would appreciate some tested guidance on how to approach this

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  • Dependency injection: At what point am I allowed to create a new object?

    - by Gaz_Edge
    I am refactoring a PHP application, and I am trying to do has much dependency injection (DI) as possible. I feel like I've got a good grasp of how it works, and I can certainly see my classes becoming a lot leaner and more robust. I'm refactoring so that I can inject a dependency rather than create a new object within the class, but at some point I am going to have to create some objects, that is, use the dreaded new keyword. The problem I have now run into is at what point can I actually create new objects? It's looking like I'll end up at a top level class, creating loads of new objects as there is no where else to go. This feels wrong. I've read some blogs that use factory classes to create all the objects, and then you inject the factory into other classes. You can then call the factory methods, and the factory creates the new object for you. My concern with doing this is now my factory classes are going to be a new free-for-all! I guess this may be OK as they are factory classes, but are there some rules to stick to when using a factory pattern and DI, or am I going way off the mark here?

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  • A friend told me Python is garbage, I'm taking web design classes in the Spring and I have a textbook on C++. What should I do? [on hold]

    - by user107165
    I dont know if I should start digging into Python beforehand just to get acquanited with programming and "whet my appetite" or if I should work on the C++ book... Python definitely has more resources around town and I like the beginner friendly approach that seems to go along with every site that appeals to it. Or should I just wait for my assignments that start in 4 months? Any tips for an aspiring programmer?

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  • Dependency Injection: What point am I allowed to create a new object?

    - by Gaz_Edge
    I am refactoring a php application and I am trying to do has much dependency injection as possible. I feel like I've got a good grasp of how it works, and I can certainly see my classes becoming a lot leaner and more robust. Im refactoring so that I can inject a dependency rather than create a new object within the class, but at some point I am going to have to create some objects i.e. use the dreaded new keyword. The problem I have now run into is at what point can I actually create new objects? Its looking like I'll end up at a top level class, creating loads of new objects as there is no where else to go. This feels wrong. I've read some blogs that use factory classes to create all the objects, and then you inject the factory into other classes. You can then call the factory methods, and the factory creates the new object for you. My concern with doing this is now my factory classes are going to be a new free-for-all! I guess this may be ok as they are factory classes, but are there some rules to stick to when using factory pattern and DI, or am I going way off the mark here.

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  • Break a class in twain, or impose an interface for restricted access?

    - by bedwyr
    What's the best way of partitioning a class when its functionality needs to be externally accessed in different ways by different classes? Hopefully the following example will make the question clear :) I have a Java class which accesses a single location in a directory allowing external classes to perform read/write operations to it. Read operations return usage stats on the directory (e.g. available disk space, number of writes, etc.); write operations, obviously, allow external classes to write data to the disk. These methods always work on the same location, and receive their configuration (e.g. which directory to use, min disk space, etc.) from an external source (passed to the constructor). This class looks something like this: public class DiskHandler { public DiskHandler(String dir, int minSpace) { ... } public void writeToDisk(String contents, String filename) { int space = getAvailableSpace(); ... } public void getAvailableSpace() { ... } } There's quite a bit more going on, but this will do to suffice. This class needs to be accessed differently by two external classes. One class needs access to the read operations; the other needs access to both read and write operations. public class DiskWriter { DiskHandler diskHandler; public DiskWriter() { diskHandler = new DiskHandler(...); } public void doSomething() { diskHandler.writeToDisk(...); } } public class DiskReader { DiskHandler diskHandler; public DiskReader() { diskHandler = new DiskHandler(...); } public void doSomething() { int space = diskHandler.getAvailableSpace(...); } } At this point, both classes share the same class, but the class which should only read has access to the write methods. Solution 1 I could break this class into two. One class would handle read operations, and the other would handle writes: // NEW "UTILITY" CLASSES public class WriterUtil { private ReaderUtil diskReader; public WriterUtil(String dir, int minSpace) { ... diskReader = new ReaderUtil(dir, minSpace); } public void writeToDisk(String contents, String filename) { int = diskReader.getAvailableSpace(); ... } } public class ReaderUtil { public ReaderUtil(String dir, int minSpace) { ... } public void getAvailableSpace() { ... } } // MODIFIED EXTERNALLY-ACCESSING CLASSES public class DiskWriter { WriterUtil diskWriter; public DiskWriter() { diskWriter = new WriterUtil(...); } public void doSomething() { diskWriter.writeToDisk(...); } } public class DiskReader { ReaderUtil diskReader; public DiskReader() { diskReader = new ReaderUtil(...); } public void doSomething() { int space = diskReader.getAvailableSpace(...); } } This solution prevents classes from having access to methods they should not, but it also breaks encapsulation. The original DiskHandler class was completely self-contained and only needed config parameters via a single constructor. By breaking apart the functionality into read/write classes, they both are concerned with the directory and both need to be instantiated with their respective values. In essence, I don't really care to duplicate the concerns. Solution 2 I could implement an interface which only provisions read operations, and use this when a class only needs access to those methods. The interface might look something like this: public interface Readable { int getAvailableSpace(); } The Reader class would instantiate the object like this: Readable diskReader; public DiskReader() { diskReader = new DiskHandler(...); } This solution seems brittle, and prone to confusion in the future. It doesn't guarantee developers will use the correct interface in the future. Any changes to the implementation of the DiskHandler could also need to update the interface as well as the accessing classes. I like it better than the previous solution, but not by much. Frankly, neither of these solutions seems perfect, but I'm not sure if one should be preferred over the other. I really don't want to break the original class up, but I also don't know if the interface buys me much in the long run. Are there other solutions I'm missing?

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  • Swift Mailer email sending problem

    - by air
    i have downloaded Swift Mailer from their website and try to send simple email with following code <?php require_once 'lib/swift_required.php'; $transport = Swift_SmtpTransport::newInstance('smtp.example.org', 25) ->setUsername('your username') ->setPassword('your password') ; $mailer = Swift_Mailer::newInstance($transport); //Create a message $message = Swift_Message::newInstance('Wonderful Subject') ->setFrom(array('[email protected]' => 'John Doe')) ->setTo(array('[email protected]', '[email protected]' => 'A name')) ->setBody('Here is the message itself') ; //Send the message $result = $mailer->send($message); ? once i run the page it gives error Warning: fsockopen() [function.fsockopen]: php_network_getaddresses: getaddrinfo failed: No such host is known. in E:\web_sites\swift_mail\lib\classes\Swift\Transport\StreamBuffer.php on line 233 Warning: fsockopen() [function.fsockopen]: unable to connect to smtp.fiveocean.net:25 (php_network_getaddresses: getaddrinfo failed: No such host is known. ) in E:\web_sites\swift_mail\lib\classes\Swift\Transport\StreamBuffer.php on line 233 Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'Swift_TransportException' with message 'Connection could not be established with host smtp.fiveocean.net [php_network_getaddresses: getaddrinfo failed: No such host is known. #0]' in E:\web_sites\swift_mail\lib\classes\Swift\Transport\StreamBuffer.php:235 Stack trace: #0 E:\web_sites\swift_mail\lib\classes\Swift\Transport\StreamBuffer.php(70): Swift_Transport_StreamBuffer->_establishSocketConnection() #1 E:\web_sites\swift_mail\lib\classes\Swift\Transport\AbstractSmtpTransport.php(101): Swift_Transport_StreamBuffer->initialize(Array) #2 E:\web_sites\swift_mail\lib\classes\Swift\Mailer.php(74): Swift_Transport_AbstractSmtpTransport->start() #3 E:\web_sites\swift_mail\test.php(33): Swift_Mailer->send(Object(Swift_Message)) #4 {main} thrown in E:\web_sites\swift_mail\lib\classes\Swift\Transport\StreamBuffer.php on line 235 if i remove the line $result = $mailer->send($message); then page execute and no error message display, as soon as i add above line to send email, i got error. my outgoing server, port and user id & passwords are correct in my file. Thanks

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  • load class not in classpath dynamically in web application - without using custom classloader

    - by swdeveloper
    I am developing a web application. The web application generates java classes on the fly. For example it generates class com.people.Customer.java In my code, I dynamically compile this to get com.people.Customer.class and store in some directory say repository/com/people/Customer.class which is not on the classpath of my application server.My application server(I am using WebSphere Application Server/Apache Tomcat etc) picks up the classes from the WEB-INF/classes directory. The Classloader would use this to load the classes. After compilation I need to load this class so that it becomes accessible to other classes using it after its creation. 4.When I use Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().loadClass(com.people.Customer) obviously the Classloader is not able to load the class, since its not on the classpath(not in WEB-INF/classes). Due to similar reasons, getResource(..) or getResourceAsStream(..) also does not work. I need a way to : Read the class Customer.class maybe as a stream (or any other way would do) and then load it. Following are the constraints: I cannot add the repository folder to the WEB-INF/classes folder. I cannot create a new Custom ClassLoader. If I create a new ClassLoader and this loads the class, it will not be accessible to its parent ClassLoader. Is there any way of achieving this? If not this, in the worse case, is there a way of overriding the default class loader with a custom class loader for web applications the same classloader should be used to load applications throughout entire lifecycle of my web application. Appreciate any solution :)

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  • Need advice on OOP philosophy

    - by David Jenings
    I'm trying to get the wheels turning on a large project in C#. My previous experience is in Delphi, where by default every form was created at applicaton startup and form references where held in (gasp) global variables. So I'm trying to adapt my thinking to a 100% object oriented environment, and my head is spinning just a little. My app will have a large collection of classes Most of these classes will only really need one instance. So I was thinking: static classes. I'm not really sure why, but much of what I've read here says that if my class is going to hold a state, which I take to mean any property values at all, I should use a singleton structure instead. Okay. But there are people out there who for reasons that escape me, think that singletons are evil too. None of these classes is in danger of being used anywhere except in this program. So they could certainly work fine as regular objects (vs singletons or static classes) Then there's the issue of interaction between objects. I'm tempted to create a Global class full of public static properties referencing the single instances of many of these classes. I've also considered just making them properties (static or instance, not sure which) of the MainForm. Then I'd have each of my classes be aware of the MainForm as Owner. Then the various objects could refer to each other as Owner.Object1, Owner.Object2, etc. I fear I'm running out of electronic ink, or at least taxing the patience of anyone kind enough to have stuck with me this long. I hope I have clearly explained my state of utter confusion. I'm just looking for some advice on best practices in my situation. All input is welcome and appreciated. Thanks in advance, David Jennings

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