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• Maven struts2 modular archetype failing to generate !

  - by Xinus

  I am trying to generate struts 2 modular archetype using maven but always getting error as archetype not present here is a full output : C:\Users\Administrator>mvn archetype:generate [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix: 'archetype'. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Building Maven Default Project [INFO] task-segment: [archetype:generate] (aggregator-style) [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Preparing archetype:generate [INFO] No goals needed for project - skipping [INFO] Setting property: classpath.resource.loader.class => 'org.codehaus.plexus .velocity.ContextClassLoaderResourceLoader'. [INFO] Setting property: velocimacro.messages.on => 'false'. [INFO] Setting property: resource.loader => 'classpath'. [INFO] Setting property: resource.manager.logwhenfound => 'false'. [INFO] [archetype:generate {execution: default-cli}] [INFO] Generating project in Interactive mode [INFO] No archetype defined. Using maven-archetype-quickstart (org.apache.maven. archetypes:maven-archetype-quickstart:1.0) Choose archetype: 1: internal -> appfuse-basic-jsf (AppFuse archetype for creating a web applicati on with Hibernate, Spring and JSF) 2: internal -> appfuse-basic-spring (AppFuse archetype for creating a web applic ation with Hibernate, Spring and Spring MVC) 3: internal -> appfuse-basic-struts (AppFuse archetype for creating a web applic ation with Hibernate, Spring and Struts 2) 4: internal -> appfuse-basic-tapestry (AppFuse archetype for creating a web appl ication with Hibernate, Spring and Tapestry 4) 5: internal -> appfuse-core (AppFuse archetype for creating a jar application wi th Hibernate and Spring and XFire) 6: internal -> appfuse-modular-jsf (AppFuse archetype for creating a modular app lication with Hibernate, Spring and JSF) 7: internal -> appfuse-modular-spring (AppFuse archetype for creating a modular application with Hibernate, Spring and Spring MVC) 8: internal -> appfuse-modular-struts (AppFuse archetype for creating a modular application with Hibernate, Spring and Struts 2) 9: internal -> appfuse-modular-tapestry (AppFuse archetype for creating a modula r application with Hibernate, Spring and Tapestry 4) 10: internal -> maven-archetype-j2ee-simple (A simple J2EE Java application) 11: internal -> maven-archetype-marmalade-mojo (A Maven plugin development proje ct using marmalade) 12: internal -> maven-archetype-mojo (A Maven Java plugin development project) 13: internal -> maven-archetype-portlet (A simple portlet application) 14: internal -> maven-archetype-profiles () 15: internal -> maven-archetype-quickstart () 16: internal -> maven-archetype-site-simple (A simple site generation project) 17: internal -> maven-archetype-site (A more complex site project) 18: internal -> maven-archetype-webapp (A simple Java web application) 19: internal -> jini-service-archetype (Archetype for Jini service project creat ion) 20: internal -> softeu-archetype-seam (JSF+Facelets+Seam Archetype) 21: internal -> softeu-archetype-seam-simple (JSF+Facelets+Seam (no persistence) Archetype) 22: internal -> softeu-archetype-jsf (JSF+Facelets Archetype) 23: internal -> jpa-maven-archetype (JPA application) 24: internal -> spring-osgi-bundle-archetype (Spring-OSGi archetype) 25: internal -> confluence-plugin-archetype (Atlassian Confluence plugin archety pe) 26: internal -> jira-plugin-archetype (Atlassian JIRA plugin archetype) 27: internal -> maven-archetype-har (Hibernate Archive) 28: internal -> maven-archetype-sar (JBoss Service Archive) 29: internal -> wicket-archetype-quickstart (A simple Apache Wicket project) 30: internal -> scala-archetype-simple (A simple scala project) 31: internal -> lift-archetype-blank (A blank/empty liftweb project) 32: internal -> lift-archetype-basic (The basic (liftweb) project) 33: internal -> cocoon-22-archetype-block-plain ([http://cocoon.apache.org/2.2/m aven-plugins/]) 34: internal -> cocoon-22-archetype-block ([http://cocoon.apache.org/2.2/maven-p lugins/]) 35: internal -> cocoon-22-archetype-webapp ([http://cocoon.apache.org/2.2/maven- plugins/]) 36: internal -> myfaces-archetype-helloworld (A simple archetype using MyFaces) 37: internal -> myfaces-archetype-helloworld-facelets (A simple archetype using MyFaces and facelets) 38: internal -> myfaces-archetype-trinidad (A simple archetype using Myfaces and Trinidad) 39: internal -> myfaces-archetype-jsfcomponents (A simple archetype for create c ustom JSF components using MyFaces) 40: internal -> gmaven-archetype-basic (Groovy basic archetype) 41: internal -> gmaven-archetype-mojo (Groovy mojo archetype) Choose a number: (1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/20/21/22/23/2 4/25/26/27/28/29/30/31/32/33/34/35/36/37/38/39/40/41) 15: : 8 [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [ERROR] BUILD FAILURE [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] The defined artifact is not an archetype [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] For more information, run Maven with the -e switch [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 3 seconds [INFO] Finished at: Sat Mar 27 08:22:38 IST 2010 [INFO] Final Memory: 8M/21M [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ C:\Users\Administrator> What can be the problem ?

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• C#: LINQ vs foreach - Round 1.

  - by James Michael Hare

  So I was reading Peter Kellner's blog entry on Resharper 5.0 and its LINQ refactoring and thought that was very cool.  But that raised a point I had always been curious about in my head -- which is a better choice: manual foreach loops or LINQ?    The answer is not really clear-cut.  There are two sides to any code cost arguments: performance and maintainability.  The first of these is obvious and quantifiable.  Given any two pieces of code that perform the same function, you can run them side-by-side and see which piece of code performs better.   Unfortunately, this is not always a good measure.  Well written assembly language outperforms well written C++ code, but you lose a lot in maintainability which creates a big techncial debt load that is hard to offset as the application ages.  In contrast, higher level constructs make the code more brief and easier to understand, hence reducing technical cost.   Now, obviously in this case we're not talking two separate languages, we're comparing doing something manually in the language versus using a higher-order set of IEnumerable extensions that are in the System.Linq library.   Well, before we discuss any further, let's look at some sample code and the numbers.  First, let's take a look at the for loop and the LINQ expression.  This is just a simple find comparison:       // find implemented via LINQ     public static bool FindViaLinq(IEnumerable<int> list, int target)     {         return list.Any(item => item == target);     }         // find implemented via standard iteration     public static bool FindViaIteration(IEnumerable<int> list, int target)     {         foreach (var i in list)         {             if (i == target)             {                 return true;             }         }           return false;     }   Okay, looking at this from a maintainability point of view, the Linq expression is definitely more concise (8 lines down to 1) and is very readable in intention.  You don't have to actually analyze the behavior of the loop to determine what it's doing.   So let's take a look at performance metrics from 100,000 iterations of these methods on a List<int> of varying sizes filled with random data.  For this test, we fill a target array with 100,000 random integers and then run the exact same pseudo-random targets through both searches.                       List<T> On 100,000 Iterations     Method      Size     Total (ms)  Per Iteration (ms)  % Slower     Any         10       26          0.00046             30.00%     Iteration   10       20          0.00023             -     Any         100      116         0.00201             18.37%     Iteration   100      98          0.00118             -     Any         1000     1058        0.01853             16.78%     Iteration   1000     906         0.01155             -     Any         10,000   10,383      0.18189             17.41%     Iteration   10,000   8843        0.11362             -     Any         100,000  104,004     1.8297              18.27%     Iteration   100,000  87,941      1.13163             -   The LINQ expression is running about 17% slower for average size collections and worse for smaller collections.  Presumably, this is due to the overhead of the state machine used to track the iterators for the yield returns in the LINQ expressions, which seems about right in a tight loop such as this.   So what about other LINQ expressions?  After all, Any() is one of the more trivial ones.  I decided to try the TakeWhile() algorithm using a Count() to get the position stopped like the sample Pete was using in his blog that Resharper refactored for him into LINQ:       // Linq form     public static int GetTargetPosition1(IEnumerable<int> list, int target)     {         return list.TakeWhile(item => item != target).Count();     }       // traditionally iterative form     public static int GetTargetPosition2(IEnumerable<int> list, int target)     {         int count = 0;           foreach (var i in list)         {             if(i == target)             {                 break;             }               ++count;         }           return count;     }   Once again, the LINQ expression is much shorter, easier to read, and should be easier to maintain over time, reducing the cost of technical debt.  So I ran these through the same test data:                       List<T> On 100,000 Iterations     Method      Size     Total (ms)  Per Iteration (ms)  % Slower     TakeWhile   10       41          0.00041             128%     Iteration   10       18          0.00018             -     TakeWhile   100      171         0.00171             88%     Iteration   100      91          0.00091             -     TakeWhile   1000     1604        0.01604             94%     Iteration   1000     825         0.00825             -     TakeWhile   10,000   15765       0.15765             92%     Iteration   10,000   8204        0.08204             -     TakeWhile   100,000  156950      1.5695              92%     Iteration   100,000  81635       0.81635             -     Wow!  I expected some overhead due to the state machines iterators produce, but 90% slower?  That seems a little heavy to me.  So then I thought, well, what if TakeWhile() is not the right tool for the job?  The problem is TakeWhile returns each item for processing using yield return, whereas our for-loop really doesn't care about the item beyond using it as a stop condition to evaluate. So what if that back and forth with the iterator state machine is the problem?  Well, we can quickly create an (albeit ugly) lambda that uses the Any() along with a count in a closure (if a LINQ guru knows a better way PLEASE let me know!), after all , this is more consistent with what we're trying to do, we're trying to find the first occurence of an item and halt once we find it, we just happen to be counting on the way.  This mostly matches Any().       // a new method that uses linq but evaluates the count in a closure.     public static int TakeWhileViaLinq2(IEnumerable<int> list, int target)     {         int count = 0;         list.Any(item =>             {                 if(item == target)                 {                     return true;                 }                   ++count;                 return false;             });         return count;     }     Now how does this one compare?                         List<T> On 100,000 Iterations     Method         Size     Total (ms)  Per Iteration (ms)  % Slower     TakeWhile      10       41          0.00041             128%     Any w/Closure  10       23          0.00023             28%     Iteration      10       18          0.00018             -     TakeWhile      100      171         0.00171             88%     Any w/Closure  100      116         0.00116             27%     Iteration      100      91          0.00091             -     TakeWhile      1000     1604        0.01604             94%     Any w/Closure  1000     1101        0.01101             33%     Iteration      1000     825         0.00825             -     TakeWhile      10,000   15765       0.15765             92%     Any w/Closure  10,000   10802       0.10802             32%     Iteration      10,000   8204        0.08204             -     TakeWhile      100,000  156950      1.5695              92%     Any w/Closure  100,000  108378      1.08378             33%     Iteration      100,000  81635       0.81635             -     Much better!  It seems that the overhead of TakeAny() returning each item and updating the state in the state machine is drastically reduced by using Any() since Any() iterates forward until it finds the value we're looking for -- for the task we're attempting to do.   So the lesson there is, make sure when you use a LINQ expression you're choosing the best expression for the job, because if you're doing more work than you really need, you'll have a slower algorithm.  But this is true of any choice of algorithm or collection in general.     Even with the Any() with the count in the closure it is still about 30% slower, but let's consider that angle carefully.  For a list of 100,000 items, it was the difference between 1.01 ms and 0.82 ms roughly in a List<T>.  That's really not that bad at all in the grand scheme of things.  Even running at 90% slower with TakeWhile(), for the vast majority of my projects, an extra millisecond to save potential errors in the long term and improve maintainability is a small price to pay.  And if your typical list is 1000 items or less we're talking only microseconds worth of difference.   It's like they say: 90% of your performance bottlenecks are in 2% of your code, so over-optimizing almost never pays off.  So personally, I'll take the LINQ expression wherever I can because they will be easier to read and maintain (thus reducing technical debt) and I can rely on Microsoft's development to have coded and unit tested those algorithm fully for me instead of relying on a developer to code the loop logic correctly.   If something's 90% slower, yes, it's worth keeping in mind, but it's really not until you start get magnitudes-of-order slower (10x, 100x, 1000x) that alarm bells should really go off.  And if I ever do need that last millisecond of performance?  Well then I'll optimize JUST THAT problem spot.  To me it's worth it for the readability, speed-to-market, and maintainability.

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• XNA: Rotating Bones

  - by MLM

  XNA 4.0 I am trying to learn how to rotate bones on a very simple tank model I made in Cinema 4D. It is rigged by 3 bones, Root - Main - Turret - Barrel I have binded all of the objects to the bones so that all translations/rotations work as planned in C4D. I exported it as .fbx I based my test project after: http://create.msdn.com/en-US/education/catalog/sample/simple_animation I can build successfully with no errors but all the rotations I try to do to my bones have no effect. I can transform my Root successfully using below but the bone transforms have no effect: myModel.Root.Transform = world; Matrix turretRotation = Matrix.CreateRotationY(MathHelper.ToRadians(37)); Matrix barrelRotation = Matrix.CreateRotationX(barrelRotationValue); MainBone.Transform = MainTransform; TurretBone.Transform = turretRotation * TurretTransform; BarrelBone.Transform = barrelRotation * BarrelTransform; I am wondering if my model is just not right or something important I am missing in the code. Here is my Game1.cs using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Audio; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.GamerServices; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Media; namespace ModelTesting { /// <summary> /// This is the main type for your game /// </summary> public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; float aspectRatio; Tank myModel; public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; } /// <summary> /// Allows the game to perform any initialization it needs to before starting to run. /// This is where it can query for any required services and load any non-graphic /// related content. Calling base.Initialize will enumerate through any components /// and initialize them as well. /// </summary> protected override void Initialize() { // TODO: Add your initialization logic here myModel = new Tank(); base.Initialize(); } /// <summary> /// LoadContent will be called once per game and is the place to load /// all of your content. /// </summary> protected override void LoadContent() { // Create a new SpriteBatch, which can be used to draw textures. spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); // TODO: use this.Content to load your game content here myModel.Load(Content); aspectRatio = graphics.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.AspectRatio; } /// <summary> /// UnloadContent will be called once per game and is the place to unload /// all content. /// </summary> protected override void UnloadContent() { // TODO: Unload any non ContentManager content here } /// <summary> /// Allows the game to run logic such as updating the world, /// checking for collisions, gathering input, and playing audio. /// </summary> /// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param> protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { // Allows the game to exit if (GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One).Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed) this.Exit(); // TODO: Add your update logic here float time = (float)gameTime.TotalGameTime.TotalSeconds; // Move the pieces /* myModel.TurretRotation = (float)Math.Sin(time * 0.333f) * 1.25f; myModel.BarrelRotation = (float)Math.Sin(time * 0.25f) * 0.333f - 0.333f; */ base.Update(gameTime); } /// <summary> /// This is called when the game should draw itself. /// </summary> /// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param> protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); // Calculate the camera matrices. float time = (float)gameTime.TotalGameTime.TotalSeconds; Matrix rotation = Matrix.CreateRotationY(MathHelper.ToRadians(45)); Matrix view = Matrix.CreateLookAt(new Vector3(2000, 500, 0), new Vector3(0, 150, 0), Vector3.Up); Matrix projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(MathHelper.PiOver4, graphics.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.AspectRatio, 10, 10000); // TODO: Add your drawing code here myModel.Draw(rotation, view, projection); base.Draw(gameTime); } } } And here is my tank class: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Audio; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.GamerServices; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Media; namespace ModelTesting { public class Tank { Model myModel; // Array holding all the bone transform matrices for the entire model. // We could just allocate this locally inside the Draw method, but it // is more efficient to reuse a single array, as this avoids creating // unnecessary garbage. public Matrix[] boneTransforms; // Shortcut references to the bones that we are going to animate. // We could just look these up inside the Draw method, but it is more // efficient to do the lookups while loading and cache the results. ModelBone MainBone; ModelBone TurretBone; ModelBone BarrelBone; // Store the original transform matrix for each animating bone. Matrix MainTransform; Matrix TurretTransform; Matrix BarrelTransform; // current animation positions float turretRotationValue; float barrelRotationValue; /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the turret rotation amount. /// </summary> public float TurretRotation { get { return turretRotationValue; } set { turretRotationValue = value; } } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the barrel rotation amount. /// </summary> public float BarrelRotation { get { return barrelRotationValue; } set { barrelRotationValue = value; } } /// <summary> /// Load the model /// </summary> public void Load(ContentManager Content) { // TODO: use this.Content to load your game content here myModel = Content.Load<Model>("Models\\simple_tank02"); MainBone = myModel.Bones["Main"]; TurretBone = myModel.Bones["Turret"]; BarrelBone = myModel.Bones["Barrel"]; MainTransform = MainBone.Transform; TurretTransform = TurretBone.Transform; BarrelTransform = BarrelBone.Transform; // Allocate the transform matrix array. boneTransforms = new Matrix[myModel.Bones.Count]; } public void Draw(Matrix world, Matrix view, Matrix projection) { myModel.Root.Transform = world; Matrix turretRotation = Matrix.CreateRotationY(MathHelper.ToRadians(37)); Matrix barrelRotation = Matrix.CreateRotationX(barrelRotationValue); MainBone.Transform = MainTransform; TurretBone.Transform = turretRotation * TurretTransform; BarrelBone.Transform = barrelRotation * BarrelTransform; myModel.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(boneTransforms); // Draw the model, a model can have multiple meshes, so loop foreach (ModelMesh mesh in myModel.Meshes) { // This is where the mesh orientation is set foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.World = boneTransforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index]; effect.View = view; effect.Projection = projection; effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); } // Draw the mesh, will use the effects set above mesh.Draw(); } } } }

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• Using Sitecore RenderingContext Parameters as MVC controller action arguments

  - by Kyle Burns

  I have been working with the Technical Preview of Sitecore 6.6 on a project and have been for the most part happy with the way that Sitecore (which truly is an MVC implementation unto itself) has been expanded to support ASP.NET MVC. That said, getting up to speed with the combined platform has not been entirely without stumbles and today I want to share one area where Sitecore could have really made things shine from the "it just works" perspective. A couple days ago I was asked by a colleague about the usage of the "Parameters" field that is defined on Sitecore's Controller Rendering data template. Based on the standard way that Sitecore handles a field named Parameters, I was able to deduce that the field expected key/value pairs separated by the "&" character, but beyond that I wasn't sure and didn't see anything from a documentation perspective to guide me, so it was time to dig and find out where the data in the field was made available. My first thought was that it would be really nice if Sitecore handled the parameters in this field consistently with the way that ASP.NET MVC handles the various parameter collections on the HttpRequest object and automatically maps them to parameters of the action method executing. Being the hopeful sort, I configured a name/value pair on one of my renderings, added a parameter with matching name to the controller action and fired up the bugger to see... that the parameter was not populated. Having established that the field's value was not going to be presented to me the way that I had hoped it would, the next assumption that I would work on was that Sitecore would handle this field similar to how they handle other similar data and would plug it into some ambient object that I could reference from within the controller method. After a considerable amount of guessing, testing, and cracking code open with Redgate's Reflector (a must-have companion to Sitecore documentation), I found that the most direct way to access the parameter was through the ambient RenderingContext object using code similar to: string myArgument = string.Empty; var rc = Sitecore.Mvc.Presentation.RenderingContext.CurrentOrNull; if (rc != null) {     var parms = rc.Rendering.Parameters;     myArgument = parms["myArgument"]; } At this point, we know how this field is used out of the box from Sitecore and can provide information from Sitecore's Content Editor that will be available when the controller action is executing, but it feels a little dirty. In order to properly test the action method I would have to do a lot of setup work and possible use an isolation framework such as Pex and Moles to get at a value that my action method is dependent upon. Notice I said that my method is dependent upon the value but in order to meet that dependency I've accepted another dependency upon Sitecore's RenderingContext.  I'm a big believer in, when possible, ensuring that any piece of code explicitly advertises dependencies using the method signature, so I found myself still wanting this to work the same as if the parameters were in the request route, querystring, or form by being able to add a myArgument parameter to the action method and have this parameter populated by the framework. Lucky for us, the ASP.NET MVC framework is extremely flexible and provides some easy to grok and use extensibility points. ASP.NET MVC is able to provide information from the request as input parameters to controller actions because it uses objects which implement an interface called IValueProvider and have been registered to service the application. The most basic statement of responsibility for an IValueProvider implementation is "I know about some data which is indexed by key. If you hand me the key for a piece of data that I know about I give you that data". When preparing to invoke a controller action, the framework queries registered IValueProvider implementations with the name of each method argument to see if the ValueProvider can supply a value for the parameter. (the rest of this post will assume you're working along and make a lot more sense if you do) Let's pull Sitecore out of the equation for a second to simplify things and create an extremely simple IValueProvider implementation. For this example, I first create a new ASP.NET MVC3 project in Visual Studio, selecting "Internet Application" and otherwise taking defaults (I'm assuming that anyone reading this far in the post either already knows how to do this or will need to take a quick run through one of the many available basic MVC tutorials such as the MVC Music Store). Once the new project is created, go to the Index action of HomeController.  This action sets a Message property on the ViewBag to "Welcome to ASP.NET MVC!" and invokes the View, which has been coded to display the Message. For our example, we will remove the hard coded message from this controller (although we'll leave it just as hard coded somewhere else - this is sample code). For the first step in our exercise, add a string parameter to the Index action method called welcomeMessage and use the value of this argument to set the ViewBag.Message property. The updated Index action should look like: public ActionResult Index(string welcomeMessage) {     ViewBag.Message = welcomeMessage;     return View(); } This represents the entirety of the change that you will make to either the controller or view.  If you run the application now, the home page will display and no message will be presented to the user because no value was supplied to the Action method. Let's now write a ValueProvider to ensure this parameter gets populated. We'll start by creating a new class called StaticValueProvider. When the class is created, we'll update the using statements to ensure that they include the following: using System.Collections.Specialized; using System.Globalization; using System.Web.Mvc; With the appropriate using statements in place, we'll update the StaticValueProvider class to implement the IValueProvider interface. The System.Web.Mvc library already contains a pretty flexible dictionary-like implementation called NameValueCollectionValueProvider, so we'll just wrap that and let it do most of the real work for us. The completed class looks like: public class StaticValueProvider : IValueProvider {     private NameValueCollectionValueProvider _wrappedProvider;     public StaticValueProvider(ControllerContext controllerContext)     {         var parameters = new NameValueCollection();         parameters.Add("welcomeMessage", "Hello from the value provider!");         _wrappedProvider = new NameValueCollectionValueProvider(parameters, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);     }     public bool ContainsPrefix(string prefix)     {         return _wrappedProvider.ContainsPrefix(prefix);     }     public ValueProviderResult GetValue(string key)     {         return _wrappedProvider.GetValue(key);     } } Notice that the only entry in the collection matches the name of the argument to our HomeController's Index action.  This is the important "secret sauce" that will make things work. We've got our new value provider now, but that's not quite enough to be finished. Mvc obtains IValueProvider instances using factories that are registered when the application starts up. These factories extend the abstract ValueProviderFactory class by initializing and returning the appropriate implementation of IValueProvider from the GetValueProvider method. While I wouldn't do so in production code, for the sake of this example, I'm going to add the following class definition within the StaticValueProvider.cs source file: public class StaticValueProviderFactory : ValueProviderFactory {     public override IValueProvider GetValueProvider(ControllerContext controllerContext)     {         return new StaticValueProvider(controllerContext);     } } Now that we have a factory, we can register it by adding the following line to the end of the Application_Start method in Global.asax.cs: ValueProviderFactories.Factories.Add(new StaticValueProviderFactory()); If you've done everything right to this point, you should be able to run the application and be presented with the home page reading "Hello from the value provider!". Now that you have the basics of the IValueProvider down, you have everything you need to enhance your Sitecore MVC implementation by adding an IValueProvider that exposes values from the ambient RenderingContext's Parameters property. I'll provide the code for the IValueProvider implementation (which should look VERY familiar) and you can use the work we've already done as a reference to create and register the factory: public class RenderingContextValueProvider : IValueProvider {     private NameValueCollectionValueProvider _wrappedProvider = null;     public RenderingContextValueProvider(ControllerContext controllerContext)     {         var collection = new NameValueCollection();         var rc = RenderingContext.CurrentOrNull;         if (rc != null && rc.Rendering != null)         {             foreach(var parameter in rc.Rendering.Parameters)             {                 collection.Add(parameter.Key, parameter.Value);             }         }         _wrappedProvider = new NameValueCollectionValueProvider(collection, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);         }     public bool ContainsPrefix(string prefix)     {         return _wrappedProvider.ContainsPrefix(prefix);     }     public ValueProviderResult GetValue(string key)     {         return _wrappedProvider.GetValue(key);     } } In this post I've discussed the MVC IValueProvider used to map data to controller action method arguments and how this can be integrated into your Sitecore 6.6 MVC solution.

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• Lombok with Play 2

  - by Alex Povar

  What about Lombok integration with Play Framework 2? I really like Lombok it make my code more readable and less boilerplate. And Play Framework is wonderful too. But there is a great trouble in case if you going to mixup them. Main reason is that scala temlates in play project compiled before domain classes. So Lombok, which itself is compiler's hack do not generate accessors for that time. The question is: if it any ways to make it work? I found some discussions in Google Groups, but they do not provide any reasonable solution. So have you got any success with it? And.. why guys from Play Framework project do not provide some Lombok-like solution? Anyway Play is full of code-generation magic and shadow compiling... so, why not?

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• How to use ULS in SharePoint 2010 for Custom Code Exception Logging?

  - by venkatx5

  What is ULS in SharePoint 2010? ULS stands for Unified Logging Service which captures and writes Exceptions/Logs in Log File(A Plain Text File with .log extension). SharePoint logs Each and every exceptions with ULS. SharePoint Administrators should know ULS and it's very useful when anything goes wrong. but when you ask any SharePoint 2007 Administrator to check log file then most of them will Kill you. Because read and understand the log file is not so easy. Imagine open a plain text file of 20 MB in NotePad and go thru line by line. Now Microsoft developed a tool "ULS Viewer" to view those Log files in easily readable format. This tools also helps to filter events based on exception priority. You can read on this blog to know in details about ULS Viewer . Where to get ULS Viewer? ULS Viewer is developed by Microsoft and available to download for free. URL : http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/ULSViewer/Release/ProjectReleases.aspx?ReleaseId=3308 Note: Eventhought this tool developed by Microsoft, it's not supported by Microsoft. Means you can't support for this tool from Microsoft and use it on your own Risk. By the way what's the risk in viewing Log Files?! How to use ULS in SharePoint 2010 Custom Code? ULS can be extended to use in user solutions to log exceptions. In Detail, Developer can use ULS to log his own application errors and exceptions on SharePoint Log files. So now all in Single Place (That's why it's called "Unified Logging"). Well in this article I am going to use Waldek's Code (Reference Link). However the article is core and am writing container for that (Basically how to implement the code in Detail). Let's see the steps. Open Visual Studio 2010 -> File -> New Project -> Visual C# -> Windows -> Class Library -> Name : ULSLogger (Make sure you've selected .net Framework 3.5)   In Solution Explorer Panel, Rename the Class1.cs to LoggingService.cs   Right Click on References -> Add Reference -> Under .Net tab select "Microsoft.SharePoint"   Right Click on the Project -> Properties. Select "Signing" Tab -> Check "Sign the Assembly".   In the below drop down select <New> and enter "ULSLogger", uncheck the "Protect my key with a Password" option.   Now copy the below code and paste. (Or Just refer.. :-) ) using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using Microsoft.SharePoint; using Microsoft.SharePoint.Administration; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; namespace ULSLogger { public class LoggingService : SPDiagnosticsServiceBase { public static string vsDiagnosticAreaName = "Venkats SharePoint Logging Service"; public static string CategoryName = "vsProject"; public static uint uintEventID = 700; // Event ID private static LoggingService _Current; public static LoggingService Current {  get   {    if (_Current == null)     {       _Current = new LoggingService();     }    return _Current;   } }private LoggingService() : base("Venkats SharePoint Logging Service", SPFarm.Local) {}protected override IEnumerable<SPDiagnosticsArea> ProvideAreas() { List<SPDiagnosticsArea> areas = new List<SPDiagnosticsArea>  {   new SPDiagnosticsArea(vsDiagnosticAreaName, new List<SPDiagnosticsCategory>    {     new SPDiagnosticsCategory(CategoryName, TraceSeverity.Medium, EventSeverity.Error)    })   }; return areas; }public static string LogErrorInULS(string errorMessage) { string strExecutionResult = "Message Not Logged in ULS. "; try  {   SPDiagnosticsCategory category = LoggingService.Current.Areas[vsDiagnosticAreaName].Categories[CategoryName];   LoggingService.Current.WriteTrace(uintEventID, category, TraceSeverity.Unexpected, errorMessage);   strExecutionResult = "Message Logged"; } catch (Exception ex) {  strExecutionResult += ex.Message; } return strExecutionResult; }public static string LogErrorInULS(string errorMessage, TraceSeverity tsSeverity) { string strExecutionResult = "Message Not Logged in ULS. "; try  {  SPDiagnosticsCategory category = LoggingService.Current.Areas[vsDiagnosticAreaName].Categories[CategoryName];  LoggingService.Current.WriteTrace(uintEventID, category, tsSeverity, errorMessage);  strExecutionResult = "Message Logged";  } catch (Exception ex)  {   strExecutionResult += ex.Message;   } return strExecutionResult;  } } }   Just build the solution and it's ready to use now. This ULS solution can be used in SharePoint Webparts or Console Application. Lets see how to use it in a Console Application. SharePoint Server 2010 must be installed in the same Server or the application must be hosted in SharPoint Server 2010 environment. The console application must be set to "x64" Platform target.   Create a New Console Application. (Visual Studio -> File -> New Project -> C# -> Windows -> Console Application) Right Click on References -> Add Reference -> Under .Net tab select "Microsoft.SharePoint" Open Program.cs add "using Microsoft.SharePoint.Administration;" Right Click on References -> Add Reference -> Under "Browse" tab select the "ULSLogger.dll" which we created first. (Path : ULSLogger\ULSLogger\bin\Debug\) Right Click on Project -> Properties -> Select "Build" Tab -> Under "Platform Target" option select "x64". Open the Program.cs and paste the below code. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using Microsoft.SharePoint.Administration; using ULSLogger; namespace ULSLoggerClient {  class Program   {   static void Main(string[] args)     {     Console.WriteLine("ULS Logging Started.");     string strResult = LoggingService.LogErrorInULS("My Application is Working Fine.");      Console.WriteLine("ULS Logging Info. Result : " + strResult);     string strResult = LoggingService.LogErrorInULS("My Application got an Exception.", TraceSeverity.High);     Console.WriteLine("ULS Logging Waring Result : " + strResult);      Console.WriteLine("ULS Logging Completed.");      Console.ReadLine();     }   } } Just build the solution and execute. It'll log the message on the log file. Make sure you are using Farm Administrator User ID. You can play with Message and TraceSeverity as required. Now Open ULS Viewer -> File -> Open From -> ULS -> Select First Option to open the default ULS Log. It's Uls RealTime and will show all log entries in readable table format. Right Click on a row and select "Filter By This Item". Select "Event ID" and enter value "700" that we used in the application. Click Ok and now you'll see the Exceptions/Logs which logged by our application.   If you want to see High Priority Messages only then Click Icons except Red Cross Icon on the Toolbar. The tooltip will tell what's the icons used for.

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• For reliable code, NModel, Spec Explorer, F# or other?

  - by ja

  I've got a business app in C#, with unit tests. Can I increase the reliability and cut down on my testing time and expense by using NModel or Spec Explorer? Alternately, if I were to rewrite it in F# (or even Haskell), what kinds (if any) of reliability increase might I see? Code Contracts? ASML? I realize this is subjective, and possibly argumentative, so please back up your answers with data, if possible. :) Or maybe an worked example, such as Eric Evans Cargo Shipping System? If we consider Unit tests to be pecific and strong theorems, checked quasi-statically on particular “interesting instances” and Types to be general but weak theorems (usually checked statically), and contracts to be general and strong theorems, checked dynamically for particular instances that occur during regular program operation (from B. Pierce's Types Considered Harmful, where do these other tools fit? We could pose the analogous question for Java, using Java PathFinder, Scala, etc.

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• Using different languages in one project

  - by Tarbal

  I recently heard about the use of several different languages in a (big) project, I also read about famous services such as Twitter using Rails as frontend, mixed with some other languages, and Scala I think it was as backend. Is this common practice? Who does that? I'm sure there are disadvantages to this. I think that you will have problems with the different interpreters/compilers and seamlessly connecting the different languages. Is this true? Why is this actually done? For performance?

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• Create My own language with "Functional Programming Language"

  - by esehara

  I prefer Haskell. I already know How to create my own language with Procedural Language (for example: C, Java, Python, etc). But, I know How to create my own language with Functional Language (for example Haskell, Clojure and Scala). I've already read: Internet Resources Write Yourself a Scheme in 48 Hours Real World Haskell - Chapter 16.Using Persec Writing A Lisp Interpreter In Haskell Parsec, a fast combinator parser Implementing functional languages: a tutorial Books Introduction Functional Programming Using Haskell 2nd Edition -- Haskell StackOverflow (but with procedural language) Learning to write a compiler create my own programming language Source Libraries and tools/HJS -- Haskell Are there any other good sources? I wants to get more links,or sources.

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• How to choose the right web application framework?

  - by thenextwebguy

  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_web_application_frameworks Since we are ambitiously aiming to be big, scalability is important, and so are globalization features. Since we are starting out without funding, price/performance and cost of licences/hardware is important. We definitely want to bring AJAX well present in the web interface. But apart from these, there's no further criteria I can come up with. I'm most experienced with C#/ASP.net, PHP and Java, in that order, but don't turn down other languages (Ruby, Python, Scala, etc.). How can we determine from the jungle of frameworks the one that suits best our goal? What other questions should we be asking ourselves? Reference material: articles, book recommendations, websites, etc.?

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• What are the common programming mistakes in Python?

  - by Paul McGuire

  I was about to tag the recent question in which the OP accidentally shadowed the builtin operator module with his own local operator.py with the "common-mistakes" tag, and I saw that there are a number of interesting questions posted asking for common mistakes to avoid in Java, Ruby, Scala, Clojure, .Net, jQuery, Haskell, SQL, ColdFusion, and so on, but I didn't see any for Python. For the benefit of Python beginners, can we enumerate the common mistakes that we have all committed at one time or another, in the hopes of maybe steering a newbie or two clear of them? (In homage to "The Princess Bride", I call these the Classic Blunders.) If possible, a little supporting explanation on what the problem is, and the generally accepted resolution/workaround, so that the beginning Pythoner doesn't read your answer and say "ok, that's a mistake, how do I fix it?"

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• Using IIS Logs for Performance Testing with Visual Studio

  - by Tarun Arora

  In this blog post I’ll show you how you can play back the IIS Logs in Visual Studio to automatically generate the web performance tests. You can also download the sample solution I am demo-ing in the blog post. Introduction Performance testing is as important for new websites as it is for evolving websites. If you already have your website running in production you could mine the information available in IIS logs to analyse the dense zones (most used pages) and performance test those pages rather than wasting time testing & tuning the least used pages in your application. What are IIS Logs To help with server use and analysis, IIS is integrated with several types of log files. These log file formats provide information on a range of websites and specific statistics, including Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, user information and site visits as well as dates, times and queries. If you are using IIS 7 and above you will find the log files in the following directory C:\Interpub\Logs\ Walkthrough 1. Download and Install Log Parser from the Microsoft download Centre. You should see the LogParser.dll in the install folder, the default install location is C:\Program Files (x86)\Log Parser 2.2. LogParser.dll gives us a library to query the iis log files programmatically. By the way if you haven’t used Log Parser in the past, it is a is a powerful, versatile tool that provides universal query access to text-based data such as log files, XML files and CSV files, as well as key data sources on the Windows operating system such as the Event Log, the Registry, the file system, and Active Directory. More details… 2. Create a new test project in Visual Studio. Let’s call it IISLogsToWebPerfTestDemo.   3.  Delete the UnitTest1.cs class that gets created by default. Right click the solution and add a project of type class library, name it, IISLogsToWebPerfTestEngine. Delete the default class Program.cs that gets created with the project. 4. Under the IISLogsToWebPerfTestEngine project add a reference to Microsoft.VisualStudio.QualityTools.WebTestFramework – c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\Common7\IDE\PublicAssemblies\Microsoft.VisualStudio.QualityTools.WebTestFramework.dll LogParser also called MSUtil - c:\users\tarora\documents\visual studio 2010\Projects\IisLogsToWebPerfTest\IisLogsToWebPerfTestEngine\obj\Debug\Interop.MSUtil.dll 5. Right click IISLogsToWebPerfTestEngine project and add a new classes – IISLogReader.cs The IISLogReader class queries the iis logs using the log parser. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using MSUtil; using LogQuery = MSUtil.LogQueryClassClass; using IISLogInputFormat = MSUtil.COMIISW3CInputContextClassClass; using LogRecordSet = MSUtil.ILogRecordset; using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.WebTesting; using System.Diagnostics; namespace IisLogsToWebPerfTestEngine { // By making use of log parser it is possible to query the iis log using select queries public class IISLogReader { private string _iisLogPath; public IISLogReader(string iisLogPath) { _iisLogPath = iisLogPath; } public IEnumerable<WebTestRequest> GetRequests() { LogQuery logQuery = new LogQuery(); IISLogInputFormat iisInputFormat = new IISLogInputFormat(); // currently these columns give us suffient information to construct the web test requests string query = @"SELECT s-ip, s-port, cs-method, cs-uri-stem, cs-uri-query FROM " + _iisLogPath; LogRecordSet recordSet = logQuery.Execute(query, iisInputFormat); // Apply a bit of transformation while (!recordSet.atEnd()) { ILogRecord record = recordSet.getRecord(); if (record.getValueEx("cs-method").ToString() == "GET") { string server = record.getValueEx("s-ip").ToString(); string path = record.getValueEx("cs-uri-stem").ToString(); string querystring = record.getValueEx("cs-uri-query").ToString(); StringBuilder urlBuilder = new StringBuilder(); urlBuilder.Append("http://"); urlBuilder.Append(server); urlBuilder.Append(path); if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(querystring)) { urlBuilder.Append("?"); urlBuilder.Append(querystring); } // You could make substitutions by introducing parameterized web tests. WebTestRequest request = new WebTestRequest(urlBuilder.ToString()); Debug.WriteLine(request.UrlWithQueryString); yield return request; } recordSet.moveNext(); } Console.WriteLine(" That's it! Closing the reader"); recordSet.close(); } } }   6. Connect the dots by adding the project reference ‘IisLogsToWebPerfTestEngine’ to ‘IisLogsToWebPerfTest’. Right click the ‘IisLogsToWebPerfTest’ project and add a new class ‘WebTest1Coded.cs’ The WebTest1Coded.cs inherits from the WebTest class. By overriding the GetRequestMethod we can inject the log files to the IISLogReader class which uses Log parser to query the log file and extract the web requests to generate the web test request which is yielded back for play back when the test is run. namespace IisLogsToWebPerfTest { using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.WebTesting; using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.WebTesting.Rules; using IisLogsToWebPerfTestEngine; // This class is a coded web performance test implementation, that simply passes // the path of the iis logs to the IisLogReader class which does the heavy // lifting of reading the contents of the log file and converting them to tests. // You could have multiple such classes that inherit from WebTest and implement // GetRequestEnumerator Method and pass differnt log files for different tests. public class WebTest1Coded : WebTest { public WebTest1Coded() { this.PreAuthenticate = true; } public override IEnumerator<WebTestRequest> GetRequestEnumerator() { // substitute the highlighted path with the path of the iis log file IISLogReader reader = new IISLogReader(@"C:\Demo\iisLog1.log"); foreach (WebTestRequest request in reader.GetRequests()) { yield return request; } } } }   7. Its time to fire the test off and see the iis log playback as a web performance test. From the Test menu choose Test View Window you should be able to see the WebTest1Coded test show up. Highlight the test and press Run selection (you can also debug the test in case you face any failures during test execution). 8. Optionally you can create a Load Test by keeping ‘WebTest1Coded’ as the base test. Conclusion You have just helped your testing team, you now have become the coolest developer in your organization! Jokes apart, log parser and web performance test together allow you to save a lot of time by not having to worry about what to test or even worrying about how to record the test. If you haven’t already, download the solution from here. You can take this to the next level by using LogParser to extract the log files as part of an end of day batch to a database. See the usage trends by user this solution over a longer term and have your tests consume the web requests now stored in the database to generate the web performance tests. If you like the post, don’t forget to share … Keep RocKiNg!

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• Why the macros in Objective-C / Cocoa?

  - by Joe

  I'm coming from a place without macros (Java/Python/C#/Scala) so perhaps my perspective is distorted but... Why are macros used in Cocoa? Two that spring to mind are NSLocalizedString and NSAssert (and STAssert). Would it be so hard / unsuitable to make them functions (which could be inlined)? I suppose I find them a little bizarre as an unnecessary throw-back to C (and yes, I am familiar with the pedigree of Obj-C). Is it just something that was done back in the day or is there a specific reason?

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• What are the advantages of learning Go?

  - by Pangea

  What is so unique about Go? Over the 11 years of my career I've learnt Pascal, C, C++, COBOL and then Java. I always felt that going from C to C++ to Java was a incremental and value added progression. Now I see a proliferation of functional programming languages and I understand the benefit of learning few of them (like actors in scala etc). Now I was going through the Go programming language and was wondering why would I want to learn this? Is this going to simplify how I have been writing the code? What are its use cases? How can I make a case to promote it in my team? What is the next programming language that a Java team that builds business applications like us can benefit from? Appreciate your comments on this.

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• Write a network simulator for fun

  - by Jono

  I want to write my own network simulator, for fun and for personal challenge. I hope to learn both new programming techniques, and a little bit more about networking. Previous object-oriented attempts ended very quickly, but I've recently downloaded and played with Microsoft's Axum (a new version was released today) and their Concurrency and Co-ordination Runtime. As I come from a very OO dominant background, I had never heard of Actor-oriented programming before; now it seems I've had my head in the sand until Scala and F# brought the paradigm to me. My questions are: a) is actor-oriented programming a better choice than object-oriented programming for this task, and if so b) where is a good place to start learning actor-oriented design?

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• Clojure closures and GC

  - by Ralph

  It is my understanding that the default ClassLoader used in Java (and thus, Clojure) holds on to pointers to any anonymous classes created, and thus, onto lambdas and closures. These are never garbage collected, and so represent a "memory leak". There is some investigation going on for Java 7 or 8 to adding an anonymous ClassLoader that will not retain references to these functions. In the mean time how are people dealing with writing long-running applications in languages like Clojure and Scala, that encourage the use of these constructs? Is there any possibility that Clojure could provide its own anonymous ClassLoader, extending the system one, but not holding onto created classes?

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• What is the best way to secure a shared git repo for a small distributed team ?

  - by ashy_32bit

  We have a Scala project and we decided to use git. The problem is we are a very small distributed team and we want nobody outside of the team to have even the read only access to our git server (which has a valid IP and is world-accessible in the IP level). I have heard the git-daemon has no authentication mechanism by itself and you should somehow integrate it with ssh or something. What is the best (and easiest) way to make the git server respond only to authorized users ? Or perhaps git-daemon is not for this task ? I may add that I am looking for a simple and straightforward approach. I don't want to compete with github ;-)

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• Continuations in Java

  - by nobeh

  I am looking for recent work presenting continuations in Java. I have come across the same question here but it dates back for a year or two. There is some work such as JavaFlow by Apache, RIFE Continuations (that I cannot download for any reason now). Also there is a blog post mentioning the support in JDK but it seems that the support will span to Java 8. I also reckon that continuations are also introduced in recent Scala versions. I am looking for implementations in Java presenting the continuations concept. And, I am not looking for the works that present continuation-passing-style (CSP). I'd be thankful for any other work you might know.

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• What is the benefits and drawbacks of using header files?

  - by vodkhang

  I had some experience on programming languages like Java, C#, Scala as well as some lower level programming language like C, C++, Objective - C. My observation is that low level languages separate out header files and implementation files while other higher level programming language never separate it out. They use some identifiers like public, private, protected to do the jobs of header files. I saw one benefit of using header file (in some book like Code Complete), they talk about that using header files, people can never look at our implementation file and it helps with encapsulation. A drawback is that it creates too many files for me. Sometimes, it looks like verbose. It is just my thought and I don't know if there are any other benefits and drawbacks that people ever see and work with header file This question may not relate directly to programming but I think that if I can understand better about programming to interface, design software.

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• Clojure for a lisp illiterate

  - by dbyrne

  I am a lifelong object-oriented programmer. My job is primarily java development, but I have experience in a number of languages. Ruby gave me my first real taste of functional programming. I loved the features Ruby borrowed from the functional paradigm such as closures and continuations. Eventually, I graduated to Scala. This has been a great way to gradually learn to approach non-trivial problems in a functional manner. Now I am interested in Clojure. I know all the sexy features that make it enticing (software transactional memory, macros, etc.), but I just can't get used to "thinking in lisp". I've seen Rich Hickey's screencasts aimed at java programmers, but they are geared towards explaining language features and not approaching real world problems. I am looking for any advice or resources which have made this transition easier for others.

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• What are the disadvantages of targeting the JVM instead of x86?

  - by Pindatjuh

  I'm developing a new language. My initial target was to compile to native x86 for the Windows platform, but now I am in doubt. I've seen some new languages target the JVM (most notable Scala and Clojure). Ofcourse it's not possible to port every language easily to the JVM; to do so may lead to small changes to the language and it's design. After posing this question, I even doubted more about this decision. I now know some "pro" JVM arguments. The original question was: is targetting the JVM a good idea, when creating a compiler for a new language? Updated the question: What are the disadvantages of targeting the JVM instead of x86 on Windows?

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• Scheme open source projects?

  - by Ben

  Hi I'm learning scheme and was wondering if there are any active open-source projects I might be able to get involved in? I'm nearing the end of SICP and although this has good complex examples no textbook code compares to real-world applications. eg testing code / benchmarking / revision control styles / sheer size and scope etc. Hence my curiousity at seeing a project in the wild. I tried searching google code but only found projects that are interpreters that implement RSR5/6. Perhaps there are not many projects out there and I should consider scala?! Advice or even pointers to specific projects appreciated.

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• Aside from performance concerns, is Java still chosen over Groovy/JRuby etc.?

  - by yar

  [This is an empirical question about the state-of-the-art: I am NOT asking if Java is cooler or less cool than the dynamic languages that work in the JVM.] Aside from cases where performance is a main decision factor, do companies/developers still willingly chose Java over Groovy, JRuby or JPython? Personal Note: The reason I am asking is that, while I do some subset of my professional work in Ruby (not JRuby, for now), in my personal projects I use Java. While I have written non-trivial apps in Groovy, I prefer Java, but I wonder if I should just get over it and do everything in Groovy. I like Java because I feel that static typing saves me time and aids refactoring. (No, I am not familiar with Scala.) However, I feel that this very empirical, on-topic programming question may inform my decision.

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• Is the FoldLeft function available in R?

  - by JSmaga

  Hi, I would like to know if there is an implementation of the foldLeft function (and foldRight?) in R. The language is supposed to be "rather" functional oriented and hence I think there should be something like this, but I could not find it in the documentation. To me, foldLeft function applies on a list and has the following signature: foldLeft[B](z : B)(f : (B, A) => B) : B It is supposed to return the following result: f(... (f(f(z, a0), a1) ...), an) if the list is [a0, a1, ..., an]. (I use the definition of the Scala List API) Does anybody know if such a function exists in R?

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• What you would learn. [closed]

  - by NDeveloper

  Hi, I have a little free time and would like to learn new development language/technology. I know it can be very subective, but please share with us what you would learn and why. I have about 4 years of .NET development experience mostly distributed applications. And a little more than 2 years of c/c++. There are a lot of options to choose like Google Go/F#/Python/Scala/Java/ASP.NET/Mobile App development like for Android, BB, iPhone.../DB (MS SQL, Oracle or even MongoDB or CouchDB)/any new concepts, etc... I would like to use the time for investment, so gained knowledge will be useful.

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