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  • Fix common library functions, or abandon then?

    - by Ian Boyd
    Imagine i have a function with a bug in it: Boolean MakeLocation(String City, String State) { //Given "Springfield", "MO" //return "Springfield, MO" return City+", "+State; } So the call: MakeLocation("Springfield", "MO"); would return "Springfield, MO" Now there's a slight problem, what if the user called: MakeLocation("Springfield, MO", "OH"); The called it wrong, obviously. But the function would return "Springfield, MO, OH". The system was functioning like this for many years, until i noticed the function being used wrong, and i corrected it. And i also updated the original function to catch such an obvious mistake - in case it's happening elsewhere: Boolean MakeLocation(String City, String State) { //Given "Springfield", "MO" //return "Springfield, MO" if (City.Contains, ",") throw new EMakeLocationException("City name contains a comma. You probably didn't mean that"); return City+", "+State; } And testing showed the problem fixed. Except we missed an edge case, and the customer found it. So now the moral dillema. Do you ever add new sanity checks, safety checks, assertions to exising code? Or do you call the old function abandoned, and have a new one: Boolean MakeLocation(String City, String State) { //Given "Springfield", "MO" //return "Springfield, MO" return City+", "+State; } Boolean MakeLocation2(String City, String State) { //Given "Springfield", "MO" //return "Springfield, MO" if (City.Contains, ",") throw new EMakeLocationException("City name contains a comma. You probably didn't mean that"); return City+", "+State; } The same can apply for anything: Question FetchQuestion(Int id) { if (id == 0) throw new EFetchQuestionException("No question ID specified"); ... } Do you risk breaking existing code, at the expense of existing code being wrong?

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  • Code Golf: MSM Random Number Generator

    - by Vivin Paliath
    The challenge The shortest code by character count that will generate (pseudo)random numbers using the Middle-Square Method. The Middle-Square Method of (pseudo)random number generation was first suggested by John Von Neumann in 1946 and is defined as follows: Rn+1 = mid((Rn)2, m) For example: 34562 = 11943936 mid(11943936) = 9439 94392 = 89094721 mid(89094721) = 0947 9472 = 896809 mid(896809) = 9680 96802 = 93702400 mid(93702400) = 7024 Test cases: A seed of 8653 should give the following numbers (first 10): 8744, 4575, 9306, 6016, 1922, 6940, 1636, 6764, 7516, 4902

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  • Best non-development book for software developers

    - by Dima Malenko
    What is the best non software development related book that you think each software developer should read? Note, there is a similar, poll-style question here: What non-programming books should programmers read? Update: Peopleware is a great book, must read, no doubt. But it is about software development so does not count. Update: We ended up suggesting more than one book and that's great! Below is summary (with links to Amazon) of the books you should consider for your reading list. The Design of Everyday Things by Donald Norman Getting Things Done by David Allen Godel, Escher, Bach by Douglas R. Hofstadter The Goal and It's Not Luck by Eliyahu M. Goldratt Here Comes Everybody by Clay Shirky ...to be continued.

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  • How to convert floats to human-readable fractions?

    - by Swaroop C H
    Let's say we have 0.33, we need to output "1/3". If we have "0.4", we need to output "2/5". The idea is to make it human-readable to make the user understand "x parts out of y" as a better way of understanding data. I know that percentages is a good substitute but I was wondering if there was a simple way to do this?

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  • Interface member name conflicts in ActionScript 3

    - by Aaron
    I am trying to create an ActionScript 3 class that implements two interfaces. The interfaces contain member functions with different signatures but the same name: public interface IFoo { function doStuff(input:int):void; } public interface IBar { function doStuff(input1:String, input2:Number):void; } public class FooBar implements IFoo, IBar { // ??? } In C# this problem can be solved with explicit interface implementations, but as far as I can tell ActionScript does not have that feature. Is there any way to create a class that implements both interfaces?

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  • Is there a website to lookup common, already written functions?

    - by pinnacler
    I'm sitting here writing a function that I'm positive has been written before, somewhere on earth. It's just too common to have not been attempted, and I'm wondering why I can't just go to a website and search for a function that I can then copy and paste into my project in 2 seconds, instead of wasting my day reinventing the wheel. Sure there are certain libraries you can use, but where do you find these libraries and when they are absent, is there a site like I'm describing? Possibly a wiki of some type that contains free code that anybody can edit and improve?

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  • Are endless loops in bad form?

    - by rlbond
    So I have some C++ code for back-tracking nodes in a BFS algorithm. It looks a little like this: typedef std::map<int> MapType; bool IsValuePresent(const MapType& myMap, int beginVal, int searchVal) { int current_val = beginVal; while (true) { if (current_val == searchVal) return true; MapType::iterator it = myMap.find(current_val); assert(current_val != myMap.end()); if (current_val == it->second) // end of the line return false; current_val = it->second; } } However, the while (true) seems... suspicious to me. I know this code works, and logically I know it should work. However, I can't shake the feeling that there should be some condition in the while, but really the only possible one is to use a bool variable just to say if it's done. Should I stop worrying? Or is this really bad form. EDIT: Thanks to all for noticing that there is a way to get around this. However, I would still like to know if there are other valid cases.

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  • Deploying software on compromised machines

    - by Martin
    I've been involved in a discussion about how to build internet voting software for a general election. We've reached a general consensus that there exist plenty of secure methods for two way authentication and communication. However, someone came along and pointed out that in a general election some of the machines being used are almost certainly going to be compromised. To quote: Let me be an evil electoral fraudster. I want to sample peoples votes as they vote and hope I get something scandalous. I hire a bot-net from some really shady dudes who control 1000 compromised machines in the UK just for election day. I capture the voting habits of 1000 voters on election day. I notice 5 of them have voted BNP. I look these users up and check out their machines, I look through their documents on their machine and find out their names and addresses. I find out one of them is the wife of a tory MP. I leak 'wife of tory mp is a fascist!' to some blogger I know. It hits the internet and goes viral, swings an election. That's a serious problem! So, what are the best techniques for running software where user interactions with the software must be kept secret, on a machine which is possibly compromised?

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  • How much abstraction is too much?

    - by Daniel Bingham
    In an Object Oriented Program: How much abstraction is too much? How much is just right? I have always been a nuts and bolts kind of guy. I understood the concept behind high levels of encapsulation and abstraction, but always felt instinctively that adding too much would just confuse the program. I always tried to shoot for an amount of abstraction that left no empty classes or layers. And where in doubt, instead of adding a new layer to the hierarchy, I would try and fit something into the existing layers. However, recently I've been encountering more highly abstracted systems. Systems where everything that could require a representation later in the hierarchy gets one up front. This leads to a lot of empty layers, which at first seems like bad design. However, on second thought I've come to realize that leaving those empty layers gives you more places to hook into in the future with out much refactoring. It leaves you greater ability to add new functionality on top of the old with out doing nearly as much work to adjust the old. The two risks of this seem to be that you could get the layers you need wrong. In this case one would wind up still needing to do substantial refactoring to extend the code and would still have a ton of never used layers. But depending on how much time you spend coming up with the initial abstractions, the chance of screwing it up, and the time that could be saved later if you get it right - it may still be worth it to try. The other risk I can think of is the risk of over doing it and never needing all the extra layers. But is that really so bad? Are extra class layers really so expensive that it is much of a loss if they are never used? The biggest expense and loss here would be time that is lost up front coming up with the layers. But much of that time still might be saved later when one can work with the abstracted code rather than more low level code. So when is it too much? At what point do the empty layers and extra "might need" abstractions become overkill? How little is too little? Where's the sweet spot? Are there any dependable rules of thumb you've found in the course of your career that help you judge the amount of abstraction needed?

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  • Is there an algorithm for converting quaternion rotations to Euler angle rotations?

    - by Will Baker
    Is there an existing algorithm for converting a quaternion representation of a rotation to an Euler angle representation? The rotation order for the Euler representation is known and can be any of the six permutations (i.e. xyz, xzy, yxz, yzx, zxy, zyx). I've seen algorithms for a fixed rotation order (usually the NASA heading, bank, roll convention) but not for arbitrary rotation order. Furthermore, because there are multiple Euler angle representations of a single orientation, this result is going to be ambiguous. This is acceptable (because the orientation is still valid, it just may not be the one the user is expecting to see), however it would be even better if there was an algorithm which took rotation limits (i.e. the number of degrees of freedom and the limits on each degree of freedom) into account and yielded the 'most sensible' Euler representation given those constraints. I have a feeling this problem (or something similar) may exist in the IK or rigid body dynamics domains. Solved: I just realised that it might not be clear that I solved this problem by following Ken Shoemake's algorithms from Graphics Gems. I did answer my own question at the time, but it occurs to me it may not be clear that I did so. See the answer, below, for more detail. Just to clarify - I know how to convert from a quaternion to the so-called 'Tait-Bryan' representation - what I was calling the 'NASA' convention. This is a rotation order (assuming the convention that the 'Z' axis is up) of zxy. I need an algorithm for all rotation orders. Possibly the solution, then, is to take the zxy order conversion and derive from it five other conversions for the other rotation orders. I guess I was hoping there was a more 'overarching' solution. In any case, I am surprised that I haven't been able to find existing solutions out there. In addition, and this perhaps should be a separate question altogether, any conversion (assuming a known rotation order, of course) is going to select one Euler representation, but there are in fact many. For example, given a rotation order of yxz, the two representations (0,0,180) and (180,180,0) are equivalent (and would yield the same quaternion). Is there a way to constrain the solution using limits on the degrees of freedom? Like you do in IK and rigid body dynamics? i.e. in the example above if there were only one degree of freedom about the Z axis then the second representation can be disregarded. I have tracked down one paper which could be an algorithm in this pdf but I must confess I find the logic and math a little hard to follow. Surely there are other solutions out there? Is arbitrary rotation order really so rare? Surely every major 3D package that allows skeletal animation together with quaternion interpolation (i.e. Maya, Max, Blender, etc) must have solved exactly this problem?

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  • Algorithm for converting hierarchical flat data (w/ ParentID) into sorted flat list w/ indentation l

    - by eagle
    I have the following structure: MyClass { guid ID guid ParentID string Name } I'd like to create an array which contains the elements in the order they should be displayed in a hierarchy (e.g. according to their "left" values), as well as a hash which maps the guid to the indentation level. For example: ID Name ParentID ------------------------ 1 Cats 2 2 Animal NULL 3 Tiger 1 4 Book NULL 5 Airplane NULL This would essentially produce the following objects: // Array is an array of all the elements sorted by the way you would see them in a fully expanded tree Array[0] = "Airplane" Array[1] = "Animal" Array[2] = "Cats" Array[3] = "Tiger" Array[4] = "Book" // IndentationLevel is a hash of GUIDs to IndentationLevels. IndentationLevel["1"] = 1 IndentationLevel["2"] = 0 IndentationLevel["3"] = 2 IndentationLevel["4"] = 0 IndentationLevel["5"] = 0 For clarity, this is what the hierarchy looks like: Airplane Animal Cats Tiger Book I'd like to iterate through the items the least amount of times possible. I also don't want to create a hierarchical data structure. I'd prefer to use arrays, hashes, stacks, or queues. The two objectives are: Store a hash of the ID to the indentation level. Sort the list that holds all the objects according to their left values. When I get the list of elements, they are in no particular order. Siblings should be ordered by their Name property. Update: This may seem like I haven't tried coming up with a solution myself and simply want others to do the work for me. However, I have tried coming up with three different solutions, and I've gotten stuck on each. One reason might be that I've tried to avoid recursion (maybe wrongly so). I'm not posting the partial solutions I have so far since they are incorrect and may badly influence the solutions of others.

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  • How to begin with augmented reality?

    - by Terri
    I'm currently an undergrad in computer science and I'll be entering my final year next year. Augmented reality is something I find to be a really interesting topic, but I have no idea where to start learning about it. Where do you start learning about this topic and what libraries are available?

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  • Skip List vs. Binary Tree

    - by Claudiu
    I recently came across the data structure known as a Skip list. They seem to have very similar behavior to a binary search tree... my question is - why would you ever want to use a skip list over a binary search tree?

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  • Raytracing (LoS) on 3D hex-like tile maps

    - by herenvardo
    Greetings, I'm working on a game project that uses a 3D variant of hexagonal tile maps. Tiles are actually cubes, not hexes, but are laid out just like hexes (because a square can be turned to a cube to extrapolate from 2D to 3D, but there is no 3D version of a hex). Rather than a verbose description, here goes an example of a 4x4x4 map: (I have highlighted an arbitrary tile (green) and its adjacent tiles (yellow) to help describe how the whole thing is supposed to work; but the adjacency functions are not the issue, that's already solved.) I have a struct type to represent tiles, and maps are represented as a 3D array of tiles (wrapped in a Map class to add some utility methods, but that's not very relevant). Each tile is supposed to represent a perfectly cubic space, and they are all exactly the same size. Also, the offset between adjacent "rows" is exactly half the size of a tile. That's enough context; my question is: Given the coordinates of two points A and B, how can I generate a list of the tiles (or, rather, their coordinates) that a straight line between A and B would cross? That would later be used for a variety of purposes, such as determining Line-of-sight, charge path legality, and so on. BTW, this may be useful: my maps use the (0,0,0) as a reference position. The 'jagging' of the map can be defined as offsetting each tile ((y+z) mod 2) * tileSize/2.0 to the right from the position it'd have on a "sane" cartesian system. For the non-jagged rows, that yields 0; for rows where (y+z) mod 2 is 1, it yields 0.5 tiles. I'm working on C#4 targeting the .Net Framework 4.0; but I don't really need specific code, just the algorithm to solve the weird geometric/mathematical problem. I have been trying for several days to solve this at no avail; and trying to draw the whole thing on paper to "visualize" it didn't help either :( . Thanks in advance for any answer

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  • Rewriting UNIX cal(1)

    - by dharmatech
    Hello, Today I was testing out SRFI 19 and wrote a simple version of the UNIX cal(1) command. Here's a version in R6RS Scheme which runs in Ikarus and Ypsilon. A few example runs. Schemers: How would you write it? Use your favorite implementation. Ruby and Python: I'm guessing that y'all have elegant date and time libraries. I'm sure you can put the Schemers to shame. ;-) Let's see what ya got. I'd also like to see Haskell and golfed versions. Is there a Stack Overflow tag for re-implementations of UNIX commands? :-) Ed

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  • Taking "do the simplest thing that could possible work" too far in TDD: testing for a file-name kno

    - by Support - multilanguage SO
    For TDD you have to Create a test that fail Do the simplest thing that could possible work to pass the test Add more variants of the test and repeat Refactor when a pattern emerge With this approach you're supposing to cover all the cases ( that comes to my mind at least) but I'm wonder if am I being too strict here and if it is possible to "think ahead" some scenarios instead of simple discover them. For instance, I'm processing a file and if it doesn't conform to a certain format I am to throw an InvalidFormatException So my first test was: @Test void testFormat(){ // empty doesn't do anything nor throw anything processor.validate("empty.txt"); try { processor.validate("invalid.txt"); assert false: "Should have thrown InvalidFormatException"; } catch( InvalidFormatException ife ) { assert "Invalid format".equals( ife.getMessage() ); } } I run it and it fails because it doesn't throw an exception. So the next thing that comes to my mind is: "Do the simplest thing that could possible work", so I : public void validate( String fileName ) throws InvalidFormatException { if(fileName.equals("invalid.txt") { throw new InvalidFormatException("Invalid format"); } } Doh!! ( although the real code is a bit more complicated, I found my self doing something like this several times ) I know that I have to eventually add another file name and other test that would make this approach impractical and that would force me to refactor to something that makes sense ( which if I understood correctly is the point of TDD, to discover the patterns the usage unveils ) but: Q: am I taking too literal the "Do the simplest thing..." stuff?

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  • Data validation best practices: how can I better construct user feedback?

    - by Cory Larson
    Data validation, whether it be domain object, form, or any other type of input validation, could theoretically be part of any development effort, no matter its size or complexity. I sometimes find myself writing informational or error messages that might seem harsh or demanding to unsuspecting users, and frankly I feel like there must be a better way to describe the validation problem to the user. I know that this topic is subjective and argumentative. StackOverflow might not be the proper channel for diving into this subject, but like I've mentioned, we all run into this at some point or another. There are so many StackExchange sites now; if there is a better one, feel free to share! Basically, I'm looking for good resources on data validation and user feedback that results from it at a theoretical level. Topics and questions I'm interested in are: Content Should I be describing what the user did correctly or incorrectly, or simply what was expected? How much detail can the user read before they get annoyed? (e.g. Is "Username cannot exceed 20 characters." enough, or should it be described more fully, such as "The username cannot be empty, and must be at least 6 characters but cannot exceed 30 characters."?) Grammar How do I decide between phrases like "must not," "may not," or "cannot"? Delivery This can depend on the project, but how should the information be delivered to the user? Should it be obtrusive (e.g. JavaScript alerts) or friendly? Should they be displayed prominently? Immediately (i.e. without confirmation steps, etc.)? Logging Do you bother logging validation errors? Internationalization Some cultures prefer or better understand directness over subtlety and vice-versa (e.g. "Don't do that!" vs. "Please check what you've done."). How do I cater to the majority of users? I may edit this list as I think more about the topic, but I'm genuinely interest in proper user feedback techniques. I'm looking for things like research results, poll results, etc. I've developed and refined my own techniques over the years that users seem to be okay with, but I work in an environment where the users prefer to adapt to what you give them over speaking up about things they don't like. I'm interested in hearing your experiences in addition to any resources to which you may be able to point me.

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  • Sentiment analysis for twitter in python

    - by Ran
    I'm looking for an open source implementation, preferably in python, of Textual Sentiment Analysis (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentiment_analysis). Is anyone familiar with such open source implementation I can use? I'm writing an application that searches twitter for some search term, say "youtube", and counts "happy" tweets vs. "sad" tweets. I'm using Google's appengine, so it's in python. I'd like to be able to classify the returned search results from twitter and I'd like to do that in python. I haven't been able to find such sentiment analyzer so far, specifically not in python. Are you familiar with such open source implementation I can use? Preferably this is already in python, but if not, hopefully I can translate it to python. Note, the texts I'm analyzing are VERY short, they are tweets. So ideally, this classifier is optimized for such short texts. BTW, twitter does support the ":)" and ":(" operators in search, which aim to do just this, but unfortunately, the classification provided by them isn't that great, so I figured I might give this a try myself. Thanks! BTW, an early demo is here and the code I have so far is here and I'd love to opensource it with any interested developer.

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  • Code Golf - Banner Generation

    - by Claudiu
    When thanking someone, you don't want to just send them an e-mail saying "Thanks!", you want to have something FLASHY: Input: THANKS!! Output: TTT H H AAA N N K K SSS !!! !!! T H H A A NNN K K S !!! !!! T HHH AAA NNN KK SSS !!! !!! T H H A A N N K K S T H H A A N N K K SSS !!! !!! Write a program to generate a banner. You only have to generate upper-case A-Z along with spaces and exclamation points (what is a banner without an exclamation point?). All characters are made up of a 3x5 grid of the same character (so the S is a 3x5 grid made of S). All output should be on one row (so no newlines). Here are all the letters you need: Input: ABCDEFGHIJKL Output: AAA BBB CCC DD EEE FFF GGG H H III JJJ K K L A A B B C D D E F G H H I J K K L AAA BBB C D D EE FF G G HHH I J KK L A A B B C D D E F G G H H I J J K K L A A BBB CCC DD EEE F GGG H H III JJJ K K LLL Input: MNOPQRSTUVWX Output: M M N N OOO PPP QQQ RR SSS TTT U U V V W W X X MMM NNN O O P P Q Q R R S T U U V V W W X M M NNN O O PPP Q Q RR SSS T U U V V WWW X M M N N O O P QQQ R R S T U U V V WWW X M M N N OOO P QQQ R R SSS T UUU V WWW X X Input: YZ! Output: Y Y ZZZ !!! Y Y Z !!! YYY Z !!! Y Z YYY ZZZ !!! The winner is the shortest source code. Source code should read input from stdin, output to stdout. You can assume input will only contain [A-Z! ]. If you insult the user on incorrect input, you get a 10 character discount =P. I was going to require these exact 27 characters, but to make it more interesting, you can choose how you want them to look - whatever makes your code shorter! To prove that your letters do look like normal letters, show the output of the last three runs.

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  • method for specialized pathfinding?

    - by rlbond
    I am working on a roguelike in my (very little) free time. Each level will basically be a few rectangular rooms connected together by paths. I want the paths between rooms to be natural-looking and windy, however. For example, I would not consider the following natural-looking: B X X X XX XX XX AXX I really want something more like this: B X XXXX X X X X AXXXXXXXX These paths must satisfy a few properties: I must be able to specify an area inside which they are bounded, I must be able to parameterize how windy and lengthy they are, The lines should not look like they started at one path and ended at the other. For example, the first example above looks as if it started at A and ended at B, because it basically changed directions repeatedly until it lined up with B and then just went straight there. I was hoping to use A*, but honestly I have no idea what my heuristic would be. I have also considered using a genetic algorithm, but I don't know how practical that method might end up. My question is, what is a good way to get the results I want? Please do not just specify a method like "A*" or "Dijkstra's algorithm," because I also need help with a good heuristic.

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