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  • Use multiple css files or a single file organised by comments

    - by David
    Hi, what is regarded as the best approach to organising css. At the moment I am using a single link in the head of my xhtml documents as follows: <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style/imports.css" /> In this file im importing several different css files i.e. reset.css, structure.css, skin.css I know there is an overhead in doing this as each requires an extra trip to the server but it makes things much more logical and organised in my opinion. Does anyone have an opinion on how best to organise their css. - Would it be better to put all these seperate css funcions into one single file? Also, is it best practice to minify css.

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  • Haskel dot (.) and dollar ($) composition: correct use.

    - by Robert Massaioli
    I have been reading Real World Haskell and I am nearing the end but a matter of style has been niggling at me to do with the (.) and ($) operators. When you write a function that is a composition of other functions you write it like: f = g . h But when you apply something to the end of those functions I write it like this: k = a $ b $ c $ value But the book would write it like this: k = a . b . c $ value Now to me they look functionally equivalent, they do the exact same thing in my eyes. However, the more I look, the more I see people writing their functions in the manner that the book does: compose with (.) first and then only at the end use ($) to append a value to evaluate the lot (nobody does it with many dollar compositions). Is there a reason for using the books way that is much better than using all ($) symbols? Or is there some best practice here that I am not getting? Or is it superfluous and I shouldn't be worrying about it at all? Thanks.

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  • Where is the best place to put <script> tags in HTML markup?

    - by mipadi
    When embedding JavaScript in an HTML document, where is the best place to put the <script> tags and included JavaScript? I seem to recall that you are not supposed to place these in the <head> section, but placing at the beginning of the <body> section is bad, too, since the JavaScript will have to be parsed before the page is rendered completely (or something like that). This seems to leave the end of the <body> section as a logical place for <script> tags. So, where is the best place to put the <script> tags? (This question references this question, in which it was suggested that JavaScript function calls should be moved from <a> tags to <script> tags. I'm specifically using JQuery, but more general answers are also appropriate.)

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  • C++: defining maximum/minimum limits for a class

    - by Luis
    Basically what the title says... I have created a class that models time slots in a variable-granularity daily schedule (where for example the first time slot is 30 minutes, but the second time slot can be 40 minutes); the first available slot starts at (a value comparable to) 1. What I want to do now is to define somehow the maximum and minimum allowable values that this class takes and I have two practical questions in order to do so: 1.- does it make sense to define absolute minimum and maximum in such a way for a custom class? Or better, does it suffice that a value always compares as lower-than any other possible value of the type, given the class's defined relational operators, to be defined the min? (and analogusly for the max) 2.- assuming the previous question has an answer modeled after "yes" (or "yes but ..."), how do I define such max/min? I know that there is std::numeric_limits<> but from what I read it is intended for "numeric types". Do I interpret that as meaning "represented as a number" or can I make a broader assumption like "represented with numbers" or "having a correspondence to integers"? After all, it would make sense to define the minimum and maximum for a date class, and maybe for a dictionary class, but numeric_limits may not be intended for those uses (I don't have much experience with it). Plus, numeric_limits has a lot of extra members and information that I don't know what to make with. If I don't use numeric_limits, what other well-known / widely-used mechanism does C++ offer to indicate the available range of values for a class?

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  • Linq-to-XML explicit casting in a generic method

    - by vlad
    I've looked for a similar question, but the only one that was close didn't help me in the end. I have an XML file that looks like this: <Fields> <Field name="abc" value="2011-01-01" /> <Field name="xyz" value="" /> <Field name="tuv" value="123.456" /> </Fields> I'm trying to use Linq-to-XML to get the values from these fields. The values can be of type Decimal, DateTime, String and Int32. I was able to get the fields one by one using a relatively simple query. For example, I'm getting the 'value' from the field with the name 'abc' using the following: private DateTime GetValueFromAttribute(IEnumerable<XElement> fields, String attName) { return (from field in fields where field.Attribute("name").Value == "abc" select (DateTime)field.Attribute("value")).FirstOrDefault() } this is placed in a separate function that simply returns this value, and everything works fine (since I know that there is only one element with the name attribute set to 'abc'). however, since I have to do this for decimals and integers and dates, I was wondering if I can make a generic function that works in all cases. this is where I got stuck. here's what I have so far: private T GetValueFromAttribute<T>(IEnumerable<XElement> fields, String attName) { return (from field in fields where field.Attribute("name").Value == attName select (T)field.Attribute("value").Value).FirstOrDefault(); } this doesn't compile because it doesn't know how to convert from String to T. I tried boxing and unboxing (i.e. select (T) (Object) field.Attribute("value").Value but that throws a runtime Specified cast is not valid exception as it's trying to convert the String to a DateTime, for instance. Is this possible in a generic function? can I put a constraint on the generic function to make it work? or do I have to have separate functions to take advantage of Linq-to-XML's explicit cast operators?

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  • Haskell function composition (.) and function application ($) idioms: correct use.

    - by Robert Massaioli
    I have been reading Real World Haskell and I am nearing the end but a matter of style has been niggling at me to do with the (.) and ($) operators. When you write a function that is a composition of other functions you write it like: f = g . h But when you apply something to the end of those functions I write it like this: k = a $ b $ c $ value But the book would write it like this: k = a . b . c $ value Now to me they look functionally equivalent, they do the exact same thing in my eyes. However, the more I look, the more I see people writing their functions in the manner that the book does: compose with (.) first and then only at the end use ($) to append a value to evaluate the lot (nobody does it with many dollar compositions). Is there a reason for using the books way that is much better than using all ($) symbols? Or is there some best practice here that I am not getting? Or is it superfluous and I shouldn't be worrying about it at all? Thanks.

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  • Fastest way to clamp a real (fixed/floating point) value?

    - by Niklas
    Hi, Is there a more efficient way to clamp real numbers than using if statements or ternary operators? I want to do this both for doubles and for a 32-bit fixpoint implementation (16.16). I'm not asking for code that can handle both cases; they will be handled in separate functions. Obviously, I can do something like: double clampedA; double a = calculate(); clampedA = a > MY_MAX ? MY_MAX : a; clampedA = a < MY_MIN ? MY_MIN : a; or double a = calculate(); double clampedA = a; if(clampedA > MY_MAX) clampedA = MY_MAX; else if(clampedA < MY_MIN) clampedA = MY_MIN; The fixpoint version would use functions/macros for comparisons. This is done in a performance-critical part of the code, so I'm looking for an as efficient way to do it as possible (which I suspect would involve bit-manipulation) EDIT: It has to be standard/portable C, platform-specific functionality is not of any interest here. Also, MY_MIN and MY_MAX are the same type as the value I want clamped (doubles in the examples above).

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  • Ruby on Rails: one-to-one mapping. Just semantics or really a different structure.

    - by Sam
    So I'm creating a plugin for Ruby on Rails to make implemented addresses including country, state, city, and zip_code for countries that can follow that paradigm a lot easier but that's beside the point expect for how the address model is associated. So starting with my address model. class Address < ActiveRecord::Base has_one :country has_one :state has_one :city has_one :zip_code end What's the difference between saying belongs_to and has_one Seems to be the same thing because both only require one model to declare ownership and foreign_key And it also seems that both are logical to say. an address belongs to an account and an account has one address Is this only semantics or is there are real difference

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  • Simple explaination of Arraylists

    - by Jeremy
    I'm new to programming and I'm looking for a simple answer to build my foundation of understanding Arrays. I've used google and searched this site. After a bit of trial and error I get how to make and reference Arrays like thing[3] gets you the fourth thing in the thing array(since 0 is the first). which lets me do something like thing[3].getStupidNumber() to get the StupidNumber of the 4th thing in the thing array. Then I get to ArrayLists which seem to have much more utility but I cant make logical sense of them like Arrays. When i search I cant find this or word this correctly and thus far everything else I've learned clicked easily. so say I make an ArrayList thing with 5 things in it. how do i get to the .getStupidNumber() method inside the fourth thing, if possible? I think if I learn this I can learn the rest on my own. Thanks!

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  • What's the right way to handle "One, Both, or None" logic?

    - by Stephen
    I have a logic situation that is best described as two "Teams" trying to win a task. The outcome of this task could be a single winner, a tie (draw), or no winner (stalemate). Currently, I'm using a nested if/else statement like so: // using PHP, but the concept seems language agnostic. if ($team_a->win()) { if ($team_b->win()) { // this is a draw } else { // team_a is the winner } } else { if ($team_b->win()) { // team_b is the winner } else { // This is a stalemate, no winner. } } This seems rather spaghetti-like and repetitive. Is there a more logical, DRY pattern I could use?

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  • Reflection and Operator Overloads in C#

    - by TenshiNoK
    Here's the deal. I've got a program that will load a given assembly, parse through all Types and their Members and compile a TreeView (very similar to old MSDN site) and then build HTML pages for each node in the TreeView. It basically takes a given assembly and allows the user to create their own MSDN-like library for it for documentation purposes. Here's the problem I've run into: whenever an operator overload is encounted in a defined class, reflection returns that as a "MethodInfo" with the name set to something like "op_Assign" or "op_Equality". I want to be able to capture these and list them properly, but I can't find anything in the MethodInfo object that is returned to accurately identify that I'm looking at an operator. I definitely don't want to just capture everything that starts with "op_", since that will most certainly (at some point) will pick up a method it's not supposed to. I know that other methods and properties that are "special cases" like this one have the "IsSpecialName" property set, but appearantly that's not the case with operators. I've been scouring the 'net and wracking my brain to two days trying to figure this one out, so any help will be greatly appreciated.

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  • Passenger problem: "no such file to load" -- /config/environment

    - by Mason Jones
    I've been researching this one and found references to similar problems here and there, but none of them has led to a solution yet. I've installed passenger (2.2.11) and nginx (0.7.64) and when I start things up and hit a Rails URL, I get an error page informing me of a load error: no such file to load -- /path/to/app/config/environment From what I've found online this appears to be some sort of a user/permissions error, but I've tried all the logical fixes: I've made sure that /config/environment.rb is not owned by root, but by a webapp user. I've tried setting passenger_default_user, I've tried setting passenger_user_switching off. I've even tried setting the nginx user, though that shouldn't matter much. I've gotten some differing results, but nothing's actually worked. I'm hoping someone may have the magical combination of settings and permissions for this. I may try backing down to an earlier version of Passenger, because I've never had this issue before; it's been a little while since I set up Passenger though. Thanks for any suggestions.

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  • Database permissions and ORMs

    - by Jonn
    I've been using .NET's Entity Framework a lot lately and have absolutely no wish to go back to using Stored Procedures. Been shocked though that the company I'm building this project for had a policy where applications were only given accounts that only had permissions to access stored procedures! Apparently, they believe that there's a security risk involved in allowing applications to access the tables/views directly. I don't get this. My first question is, can someone enlighten me as to what kind of security risk applications having direct access to the database may pose? AND If that's the case, are there any other ORM solutions that can provide a workaround to this (I can't think of any logical possibility atm) that would allow me to circumvent the restrictions on the user account to be assigned to me? OR is my understanding that I'd need direct permissions for the tables and views wrong?

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  • Full GC real time is much more that user+sys times

    - by Stas
    Hi. We have a Web Java based application running on JBoss with allowed maximum heap size of about 1.2 GB (total machine physical memory is 2 GB). At some point the application stops responding (to clients) for several minutes. After some analysis we found out that the culprit is the Full GC. Here's an excerpt from the verbose GC log: 74477.402: [Full GC [PSYoungGen: 3648K-0K(332160K)] [PSOldGen: 778476K-589497K(819200K)] 782124K-589497K(1151360K) [PSPermGen: 102671K-102671K(171328K)], 646.1546860 secs] [Times: user=3.84 sys=3.72, real=646.17 secs] What I don't understand is how is it possible that the real time spent on Full GC is about 11 minutes (646 seconds), while user+sys times are just 7.5 seconds. 7.5 seconds sound to me much more logical time to spend for cleaning <200 MB from the old generation. Where does all the other time go? Thanks a lot.

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  • C++, create an instance from a static method

    - by Manux
    Hello, let's say I want my users to use only one class, say SpecialData. Now, this data class would have many methods, and depending on the type of data, the methods do different things, internally, but return externally similar results. Therefore my wanting to have one "public" class and other "private", child classes that would change the behavior of methods, etc... It would be amazingly more simple for some types of data that need to be built to do something like this: SpecialData& sm = SpecialData::new_supermatrix(); and new_supermatrix() would return a SuperMatrix instance, which inherits from most behaviors of SpecialData. my header: static SpecialData& new_supermatrix(); my cpp: SpecialData& SpecialData::new_supermatrix()(){ return SuperMatrix(MATRIX_DEFAULT_MAGNITUDE,1000,1239,FLOAT32,etc...); } The problem is, I get this error, which is probably logical due to the circumstances: invalid initialization of non-const reference of type ‘SpecialData&’ from a temporary of type ‘SpecialData’ So, any ideas?

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  • SQL Server 2005 - Understanding ouput of DBCC SHOWCONTIG

    - by user169743
    I'm seeing some slow performance on a SQL Server 2005 database. I've been doing some research regarding SQL Server performance but I'm having difficulty fully understanding the output of SHOWCONTIG and would be very grateful if someone could have a look and offer some suggestions to improve performance. TABLE level scan performed. Pages Scanned................................: 19348 Extents Scanned..............................: 2427 Extent Switches..............................: 3829 Avg. Pages per Extent........................: 8.0 Scan Density [Best Count:Actual Count].......: 63.16% [2419:3830] Logical Scan Fragmentation ..................: 8.40% Extent Scan Fragmentation ...................: 35.15% Avg. Bytes Free per Page.....................: 938.1 Avg. Page Density (full).....................: 88.41%

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  • MS SQL 2005 - Understanding ouput of DBCC SHOWCONTIG

    - by user169743
    I'm seeing some slow performance on a MS SQL 2005 database. I've been doing some research regarding MS SQL performance but I'm having difficulty fully understanding the output of SHOWCONTIG and would be very grateful if someone could have a look and offer some suggestions to improve performance. TABLE level scan performed. Pages Scanned................................: 19348 Extents Scanned..............................: 2427 Extent Switches..............................: 3829 Avg. Pages per Extent........................: 8.0 Scan Density [Best Count:Actual Count].......: 63.16% [2419:3830] Logical Scan Fragmentation ..................: 8.40% Extent Scan Fragmentation ...................: 35.15% Avg. Bytes Free per Page.....................: 938.1 Avg. Page Density (full).....................: 88.41%

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  • How to extract data from F# list

    - by David White
    Following up my previous question, I'm slowly getting the hang of FParsec (though I do find it particularly hard to grok). My next newbie F# question is, how do I extract data from the list the parser creates? For example, I loaded the sample code from the previous question into a module called Parser.fs, and added a very simple unit test in a separate module (with the appropriate references). I'm using XUnit: open Xunit [<Fact>] let Parse_1_ShouldReturnListContaining1 () = let interim = Parser.parse("1") Assert.False(List.isEmpty(interim)) let head = interim.Head // I realise that I have only one item in the list this time Assert.Equal("1", ???) Interactively, when I execute parse "1" the response is: val it : Element list = [Number "1"] and by tweaking the list of valid operators, I can run parse "1+1" to get: val it : Element list = [Number "1"; Operator "+"; Number "1"] What do I need to put in place of my ??? in the snippet above? And how do I check that it is a Number, rather than an Operator, etc.?

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  • SQL Server JOIN with optional NULL values

    - by Paul McLoughlin
    Imagine that we have two tables as follows: Trades ( TradeRef INT NOT NULL, TradeStatus INT NOT NULL, Broker INT NOT NULL, Country VARCHAR(3) NOT NULL ) CTMBroker ( Broker INT NOT NULL, Country VARCHAR(3) NULL ) (These have been simplified for the purpose of this example). Now, if we wish to join these two tables on the Broker column, and if a country exists in the CTMBroker table on the Country, we have the following two choices: SELECT T.TradeRef,T.TradeStatus FROM Trades AS T JOIN CTMBroker AS B ON B.Broker=T.Broker AND ISNULL(B.Country, T.Country) = T.Country or SELECT T.TradeRef,T.TradeStatus FROM Trades AS T JOIN CTMBroker AS B ON B.Broker=T.Broker AND (B.COUNTRY=T.Country OR B.Country IS NULL) These are both logically equivalent, however in this specific circumstance for our database (SQL Server 2008, SP1) two different execution plans are produced for these two queries with the second version significantly outperforming the first version in terms of both time and logical reads. My question really is as follows: as a general rule would (2) be preferred to (1), or does this just happen to be exploiting some particular idiosyncracy of the optimiser in 2008 SP1 (that could therefore change with future versions of SQL Server).

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  • Where to reopen a class in RoR

    - by Jeriko
    I'm attempting to reopen the String class in rails and add a bunch more methods for my app to use. Writing the code isn't a problem - my question is rather about where this code should go. It doesn't make sense to me to reopen a class inside a different model file, because it really has nothing to do with any of the models specifically. I thought perhaps somewhere in config or lib would make sense, but I'm not particularly well versed with RoR yet. To summarize, where would be the most logical place to define class-modifying code?

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  • MySQL : delete from table that is used in the where clause

    - by Eric
    I am writing a small script to synchronize 2 MySQL tables ( t1 to be 'mirrored' to t2 ) In a step I would like to delete rows inside t2 that has been delete in t1 with the same id. I tried this query : delete from t2 where t2.id in ( select t2.id left join t1 on (t1.id=t2.id) where t1.id is null ) But Mysql forbid me to use t2 in the same time in the delete and in the select (sound logical by the way) Of course, I can split the query into 2 queries : first select IDs, then delete rows with these IDs. My question : do you have a cleaner way to delete row from t2 that does not exist anymore in t1 ? with one query only ?

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  • How to limit the number of post values on UpdatePanel ?

    - by Aristos
    I have notice that the UpdatePanel post every field included on the form on every trigger. But in most of my cases I use 2-3 UpdatePanels at the same page, and each one is independent. When I click for update the one panel, then my page receive all the input data of the page (ok this is logical) but I won to read only this UpdatePanels data and act according, and not the other panels data. So I see that a lot of traffic is happened this way. So is there a way to say to one UpdatePanel - send only my input data, and not everything found on the page. ? Thank you in advanced.

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  • WM_SYSCOMMAND oddities

    - by Andreas Rejbrand
    An application recieves the WM_SYSCOMMAND message when the user selects a menu item command on the system menu, and so wParam can be SC_CLOSE, SC_CONTEXTHELP, SC_MAXIMIZE, SC_MINIMIZE, SC_RESTORE etc. That's logical. But one can also send the WM_SYSCOMMAND message to send commands to the Windows Shell. For instance, one can display the start menu (SC_TASKLIST), activate the screen saver (SC_SCREENSAVE), and turn off the monitor (SC_MONITORPOWER). This does not make sense, does it? What does this have to do with the application's system menu? This is more of a "system command", i.e. more of a completely other interpretation of the name "WM_SYSCOMMAND" of the message. It's like the message is used to send command requests to the system. Why is this message used for two seemingly entirely different things, and what thing does the name "SYSCOMMAND" refer to (command on the system menu, or command of the operating system)?

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  • C# Elegant way to handle checking for an item in a collection.

    - by JL
    I've posted a code sample below. Firstly let me explain termStore.Groups in the code below is a collection of Group Objects (The exact class is irrelevant). Checking for null : if (termStore.Groups[groupName] == null) seems like a logical (clean) approach, but if the Groups collection is empty then an exception is produced. using the termStore.Groups.Contains is not an option either because this expects a strong type i.e: .Contains(Group)... not .Contains(GroupName as string) Can someone recommend a clean / generic way I can check for if an item exists in collection . Thank you.... TermStore termStore = session.TermStores.Where(ts => ts.Name == termStoreName).FirstOrDefault(); if (termStore.Groups[groupName] == null) { termStore.CreateGroup(groupName); termStore.CommitAll(); } Update: The exact class Sharepoint Taxonomy Classes. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.sharepoint.taxonomy.group.aspx

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  • Should I learn Haskell or F# if I already know OCaml?

    - by Unknown
    I am wondering if I should continue to learn OCaml or switch to F# or Haskell. Here are the criteria I am most interested in: Longevity Which language will last longer? I don't want to learn something that might be abandoned in a couple years by users and developers. Will Inria, Microsoft, University of Glasgow continue to support their respective compilers for the long run? Practicality Articles like this make me afraid to use Haskell. A hash table is the best structure for fast retrieval. Haskell proponents in there suggest using Data.Map which is a binary tree. I don't like being tied to a bulky .NET framework unless the benefits are large. I want to be able to develop more than just parsers and math programs. Well Designed I like my languages to be consistent. Please support your opinion with logical arguments and citations from articles. Thank you.

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